MP1820 Popliteal Fossa distal thigh and proximal legThis 3D printed specimen preserves the distal fascia. Between the muscles of the posterior,thigh and proximal leg, dissected posteriorly lateral, and anterior compartments are theto demonstrate the contents of the popliteal neurovascular bundles of the leg (posteriorfossa and surrounding region. The proximal tibial artery, veins and tibial nerve; peronealcross-section demonstrates the anterior, artery and veins; anterior tibial artery, veins andposterior and medial compartment muscles, deep peroneal nerve).with the origin of the popliteal artery and veinjust as they have entered the popliteal fossavia the adductor hiatus. The sciatic nerve andgreat saphenous vein are also visible. The skin,superficial fascia, fascia lata and crural fasciahas been removed posteriorly to demonstratethe course of the popliteal vessels, tibialnerve and common peroneal nerve. Medially,the semitendinosus and semimembranosusmuscles have been sectioned to demonstratethe superior medial genicular artery and themedial head of the gastrocnemius. Distally,the medial gastrocnemius itself has beensectioned to expose the popliteus muscle andthe tendon of the plantaris muscle.The course of the popliteal artery and vein canbe traced through the fossa to the passage of thevessels deep to soleus. They are accompaniedby the tibial nerve; with the lateral head ofthe gastrocnemius removed several muscularbranches of the tibial nerve are visible in thefossa, as is the medial sural cutaneous nerve(and the distalmost part of the lateral suralcutaneous nerve). Running in parallel, thecommon peroneal descends and passes laterallyover the exposed soleus muscle to the neckof the fibula just distal to the attachment ofthe biceps femoris muscle. Deep to the bicepsfemoris, the superior lateral genicular branchcan be observed passing towards the anteriorcompartment.The distal cross-section demonstrates thecontinuation of popliteal contents and branches.The great saphenous vein, small saphenous veinand sural nerves are visible within the superficial 51
MP1830 Popliteal Fossa This 3D printed specimen preserves the distal thigh and proximal leg, dissected posteriorly to demonstrate the contents of the popliteal fossa and surrounding region. The proximal cross-section demonstrates the anterior, posterior and medial compartment muscles, with the femoral artery and vein visible within the adductor canal. The sciatic nerve and great saphenous vein are also visible. The skin, superficial fascia, and deep fascia have been removed over the popliteal fossa to expose the contents of the space. The muscular borders of the space are intact except for a window cut into the semimembranosus muscle to allow a view of the popliteal artery and vein near the adductor magnus. On the medial aspect of the window the great saphenous vein descends on the surface of the sartorius muscle. Distally the sartorius is visible joining the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles to form the pes anserinus. All major deep and superficial nerves and vessels of the space are visible, including the superior lateral genicular artery passing towards the anterior compartment of the thigh. Along the lateral margin the posterior aspect of iliotibial tract is visible descending to the lateral epicondyle of the tibia. The distal cross-section demonstrates the continuation of popliteal contents and branches. The great saphenous and small saphenous veins are visible within the superficial fascia, as are the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves. Between the muscles of the posterior, lateral, and anterior compartments are the neurovascular bundles of the leg (posterior tibial artery, veins and tibial nerve; peroneal artery and veins; anterior tibial artery, veins and deep peroneal nerve; superficial peroneal nerve).52
MP1850 Foot Parasagittal cross-sectionThis 3D printed specimen provides a sectioned lateral sesamoid is positioned at theparasagittal cross-section through the medial head of the hallux). Part of the lateral head ofaspect of the right distal tibia and foot, the flexor hallucis brevis and muscular fibresdisplaying the skeletal structures of the medial at the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis andlongitudinal arch of the foot and surrounding quadratus plantae are preserved (with the lateralsoft-tissue structures. plantar neurovascular bundle sectioned). Deep to these muscular portions is the flexor digitorumProximally, the tendocalcaneus is visible longus tendon (passing obliquely) near thesuperficial to the deep posterior compartment calcaneus and neck of the talus, and the terminalmuscles and can be seen inserting into the insertion of the tibialis posterior tendon is visibleposterior calcaneus. On the plantar surface of at the articulation of the navicular and medialthe medial arch, the plantar aponeurosis extends cuneiform.from the calcaneus towards the digits (were a 53
MP1900 Foot Structures of the plantar surface This 3D print records the anatomy of a right emerge from deep to the extensor hallucis distal leg and foot, including the deep longus just superficial to the extensor hallucis structures of the plantar surface of the foot. brevis and extensor digitorum brevis muscles. On the plantar surface of the foot, the plantar Proximally, the tibia, fibula, interosseous aponeurosis and portions of the superficial membrane, and leg muscles are discernable in and deep musculature (flexor digitorum brevis, cross-section. At the level of the ankle joint abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, medially, the long tendons of the dorsi- and quadratus plantae) has been removed between plantar-flexors are visible superficial to the the calcaneous and bases of the metatarsals capsular and extra capsular ligaments. The to display the course of the tibialis posterior, posterior tibial artery, veins, and tibial nerve flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, are exposed through their course from the and fibularis longus tendons. The origins of posterior aspect of the leg to the plantar surface both the flexor hallucis brevis and flexor digiti of the foot. Laterally, the course and insertion minimi brevis are visible, as are lumbribals of the fibularis muscles (longus, brevis and arising from the flexor digitorum longus tertius) are visible. On the dorsum of the foot, tendons. the anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve54
MP1910 Foot Plantar surface & superficial dissection on the dorsumThis 3D printed specimen is dissected to and fifth digit are exposed, with both medialexpose the plantar surface of the foot, with and lateral heads of the flexor hallucis brevissome superficial dissection on the dorsum. inserting into prominent sesamoids on either side of the flexor hallucis longus tendon.The anterior portions of the plantaraponeurosis have been largely removed the On the dorsum, a window of skin has beenplantar surface of the foot has been dissected removed to expose the dorsal fascia of theto the first layer of muscles. A small portion of foot and underlying tendons from the anteriorthe lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis is compartment of the leg. The dorsal fascia haspreserved with the attachment to the fourth been removed over the lateral metatarsals tometatarsal visible. The flexor digitorum expose the extensor hallucis brevis, the tendonsbrevis muscle and tendons overlie the flexor of the extensor digitorum longus and brevis, anddigitorum longus tendon, although both the the dorsal interosseous muscles.divisions of the tendon and the lumbricalsmuscles are visible approaching the flexor At the proximal end of the specimen, thesheaths. The superficial branches of the distal tibia and fibula are visible joined bymedial and lateral plantar nerves radiate from the interosseous membrane. The tendons andthe margins of the flexor digitorum brevis muscles of the leg compartment muscles aremuscle, and can be seen dividing into the visible, including the tendocalcaneous. Bothcommon and proper plantar digital branches. the anterior and posterior tibial arteries (withAt the margins of the plantar dissection, accompanying veins) are visible in cross section,both the abductors and flexors of the hallux as are the superficial fibular nerve and tibial nerve. 55
MP1920 Foot Superficial and deep dissection of the distal leg and foot This 3D printed specimens preserves a mixed superficial and deep dissection of the distal leg and foot. Posteriorly, the compartment muscles and neurovascular structures have been removed to isolate the tendocalcaneous and expose the body of the calcaneous. Medially, the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons are visible deep to the crural fascia, joined by the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus as the tendons passing deep to the flexor retinaculum (opened to demonstrate the tendon passage) to the medial foot. The adductor hallucis, medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis, and flexor digitorum brevis muscles are all exposed on the medial aspect of the foot. On the dorsum of the foot, both superior and inferior extensor retinacula are preserved, with the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg extending to their distal attachments (including the fibularis tertius). The anterior tibial artery is exposed through to the dorsalis pedis artery. Deep to these long tendons are the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis muscles, as well as the dorsal interosseous muscles. On the lateral aspect, both fibularis longus and brevis are visible deep to the crural fascia, with their tendons passing deep to both superior and inferior fibular retinacula. On the lateral margin of the foot the abductor digit minimi muscle is exposed.56
MP1930 Foot Superficial and deep structures of the leg and footThis 3D printed specimen presents both superficial preserved, with the vessel ascending to the cut On the lateral aspect of the specimen, the fibularisand deep structures of the distal leg and foot. edge of the specimen. Although the anterior longus and fibularis brevis muscles and tendonsProximally, the posterior compartment of the leg compartment muscles have been removed to are visible, with tendons passing deep to thehas been dissected to remove the triceps surae demonstrate the interosseous membrane, the cut edge of the superior fibular retinaculum andmuscles and tendocalcaneous to demonstrate course of the anterior tibial artery, and the complete inferior fibular retinaculum. Adjacent tothe deep muscles of the compartment (tibialis deep fibular nerve to the dorsum of the foot; the inserton of the fibularis brevis is the preservedposterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis the tendinous insertions of the tibialis anterior, tendon of the extensor digitorum longus to thelongus). Adjacent to these muscles the course extensor hallucis longus, and the hallucal fifth digit and the termination of the superficialof the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery tendon of the extensor digitorum longus have fibular nerve; adjacent to the fibularis longuscan be followed to the origin of the medial and been retained passing deep to the inferior tendon entering the plantar surface of the foot islateral plantar branches at the level of the flexor extensor retinaculum. The anterior tibial artery the origin of the abductor digiti minimi muscle.retinaculum. The origin of the abductor hallucis is continuous through dorsalis pedis to thebrevis muscle has been removed to expose more arcuate artery and the dorsal metatarsal arteries. Deep to these more superficial structures are severalof the artery and nerve branches. The removal of the dorsal interosseous muscles of the distal leg and foot ligaments, including demonstrate the approach of these terminal the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments,The origin of the great saphenous vein from branches to the plantar interosseous muscles. calcaneofibular ligament, dorsal and posteriorthe medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch is talonavicular ligaments, and the deltoid ligament. 57
MP1940 Foot Deep plantar structures This 3D printed specimen provides a view of longus and brevis muscles. The transverse and deep plantar structures of the foot. Medially, the oblique heads of the adductor hallucis are visible cut edge of the great saphenous vein is visible deep to the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus within the superficial fascia, just anterior to muscle (surrounded by a complete lateral head the cut edges of the medial and lateral plantar and partial medial head of the flexor hallucis arteries and nerves overlying the insertion of brevis muscle). The plantar interosseous muscles the tibialis posterior muscle. are visible deep to the adductor hallucis. Deep to the musculature the ligaments of the tarsal The superficial fascias, the plantar aponeurosis, and metatarsal joint capsules are exposed, as and superficial musculature have been removed well as the long and short plantar ligaments and to expose the ‘third layer’ of musculature. The cut the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament. On the edges of the first, second and third layer muscles lateral aspect, the abductor digiti minimi muscle are preserved on the calcaneous for orientation, has been sectioned to expose the insertions of the as is the cut tendon of the flexor digitorum peroneus longus and brevis tendons are exposed. longus muscle descending into the foot and the exposed distal tendons of the flexor digitorum58
MP1410 Posterior Body Wall Coming soon... Further human body replicas in progress: MP1512 Forearm and Hand – superficial dissection MP1514 Forearm and Hand – deep dissection 59
Table of Contents Conversion and comparison of cadaver specimen to MP1710 Heart and the distal trachea - carina and human anatomy reproduction.................................................1 primary bronchi...................................................................31 Advantages of our Human Anatomy Reproductions......................2 MP1715 Heart internal structures............................................32 Current educational tools have a number of shortcomings............3 MP1725 Bowel - Portion of Ileum.............................................33 MP1250 Head Neck Shoulder with angiosomes...........................4 MP1730 Bowel - Portion of Jejunum.........................................34 MP1300 Posterior Abdominal wall............................................5 MMP1750 Cubital Fossa..........................................................35 MP1400 Nervous System Dissection (posterior view)...................6 MP1755 Cubital Fossa - muscles, large nerves and the MP1500 Upper Limb..............................................................7 brachial artery.....................................................................36 MP1510 Upper Limb - elbow, forearm and hand...........................8 MP1765 Male left pelvis and proximal thigh...............................37 MP1515 Upper Limb - biceps, bones and ligaments......................9 MP1770 Male Pelvis...............................................................38 MP1520 Upper Limb Ligaments...............................................10 MP1780 Female left pelvis and proximal thigh............................39 MP1521 Right thoracic wall - axilla, and the root of the neck.........11 MP1783 Female right pelvis - superficial and deep structures.........40 MP1523 Shoulder (left) - Superficial muscles and MP1785 Female right pelvis....................................................41 axillary/brachial artery.........................................................12 MP1800 Flexed knee joint......................................................42 MP1525 Shoulder - deep dissection of the left shoulder joint, MP1805 Knee Joint extended..................................................43 musculature, and associated nerves and vessels.........................13 MP1807 Flexed knee joint deep dissection.................................44 MP1527 Shoulder - deep dissection of a right shoulder MP1809 Lower limb – deep dissection.......................................45 girdle, preserving a complete scapula, lateral clavicle, MP1810 Lower limb musculature..............................................46 and proximal humerus...........................................................14 MP1813 Lower Limb - deep dissection of a left pelvis and thigh......47 MP1530 Hand Anatomy..........................................................15 MP1815 Lower Limb superficial veins........................................48 MP1600 Circle of Willis...........................................................16 MP1816 Lower limb – superficial dissection................................49 MP1610 Dural Skull...............................................................17 MP1818 Lower limb - superficial dissection with male left pelvis.....50 MP1620 Temporal Bone Model, Set of 3.....................................18 MP1820 Popliteal Fossa distal thigh and proximal leg..................51 MP1630 Paranasal Sinus model...............................................19 MP1830 Popliteal Fossa.........................................................52 MP1640 Arterial and Venous Circulation....................................20 MP1850 Foot - Parasagittal cross-section..................................53 MP1645 Venous Circulation.....................................................21 MP1900 Foot - Structures of the plantar surface.........................54 MP1650 Arterial Circulation....................................................22 MP1910 Foot - Plantar surface & superficial MP1660 Head and Neck..........................................................23 dissection on the dorsum.......................................................55 MP1665 Deep Face................................................................24 MP1920 Foot - Superficial and deep dissection of the MP1670 Head and visceral column of the neck............................25 distal leg and foot................................................................56 MP1675 Superior Orbit...........................................................26 MP1930 Foot - Superficial and deep structures of MP1680 Lateral Orbit.............................................................27 the leg and foot...................................................................57 MP1685 Medial Orbit.............................................................28 MP1940 Foot - Deep plantar structures.....................................58 MP1690 Bronchial Tree..........................................................29 Coming soon - Further human body replicas in progress...............59 MP1700 Heart......................................................................30 Table of Contents..................................................................6060
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