Origin of Brahui Presentation

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SCOPE OF PRESENTATIONIntroductionLanguagesBrahui LanguageTheories About Origin Of Brahui LanguageBrahui is Turko-Aryan Or Turrani Language BrahuisBelong To Clans Of Balochs.Views Of Professor Nadir Qambrani. 3

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION 4• Theories About Dravadian Origin Of Brahvi.• Research Of Dr. Amenio.• Similarities between Brahui and Dravidian Languages.• Opinion Of Noor Muhammad Perwana.• Views Of Great Linguists.• Research Of Denys Bray.• Tours Of North India By Dr Abdul Razzaq Sabir.• Views Of Professor Javed Akhthar.• Writings/Inscription recovered from Moen Jo Darro.• Wikipedia• Conclusion• Thanks.

Introduction. When human beings were created on this planet,languages were also created for communicating eachother for fulfillment of their necessities and desiresHuman is a Social animal, therefore he can not live aloneor in isolation. Existence of society invented different languagesin different areas. Words and sentences were framed and languagesbecame an important tool of human communication,realization of their dreams, celebrations of cultural eventsfor performance of their religious rituals 5

LANGUAGES. 7000 Languages are being spoken in the World. Hundreds of Languages have been Perished due to linguistic reasons. UNESCO has conducted Survey about 3000 dying languages and 230 languages will diminish at the end of twenty first Century. 27 Pakistani regional languages are included in the same list, Unfortunately Brahui has been included in the row of 27 those dying Pakistani Languages. 6

BRAHUI LANGUAGE Brahui is one of the oldest languages of the Indian sub- continent. Brahui speaking people are found in Balochistan, Sindh, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Iran. The 2013 edition of Ethnologue reports that there are some 4.2 million speakers; 4 million live in Pakistan, mainly in the province of Balochistan. It is isolated from the nearest Dravidian-speaking neighbor population of South India by a distance of more than 1,500 kilometers (930 mi). 7

BRAHVI LANGUAGE. Kalat and Mastung districts of Balochistan are predominantly Brahui-speaking. Brahui is the only Dravidian language which has not been written in a Brahmi-based script in the recent past; It is written in the Arabic script. Roman-based orthography named Brolikva which is short form of Brahui Roman Likvar has been developed by the Brahui Language Board of the University of Balochistan in Quetta. Adopted by Talár. 8

THEORIES ABOUT ORIGIN OF BRAHVI LANGUAGE:1. Brahui is Turko-Aryan Or Turrani Language.2. Theories About Dravadian Origin Of Brahvi. 9

BRAHUI IS TURKO-ARYAN OR TURRANI LANGUAGE. Meer Gul Khan Naseer, Agha Naseer Khan Ahmedzi, Haqil Khan Mengal, Saleh Muhammad Lehri and Meer Khuda Baksh Marri have taken ideas from the books of some Arab geographers, Historians and tourists and claim that Brahui belongs to a Turko Aryan(Turrani) language family and Satheen, Babli and maid are also members of same family. 10

BRAHUI IS TURKO-ARYAN OR TURRANI LANGUAGE Reason for considering brahui as Aryan language is that it contains words of Persian, Balochi, Pushtho, Sindhi, Urdu and Siraiki languages. This idea seems unreal and based on unsold grounds. The reasons for unreality of this theory are that the Syntax, sound moods, prepositions and alphabetical special items are altogether different among Brahui, Balochi, Pashto, Sindhi & Siraiki Languages. 11

BRAHUI IS TURKO-ARYAN OR TURRANI LANGUAGE Sir Dennis Bray (I.C.S) who served as civil servant in Balochistan had submitted some theories about the origin of brahvi language. One of the said theories was that when Greeks occupied the Khurasan and Balochistan, the brahui speaking people were living in the valley of Hilmand and brahuis were calling the same valley as “Baroyana” and same name was changed and transformed as „Brahui or Brohi‟. 12

BRAHUIS BELONG TO CLANS OF HUNDRED BALOCHS. Mir Gul Khan Naseer and Malik Saleh Muhammad Lehri are of the view that Brahvis belong to a clan of those Balochs who migrated earlier than other Hundred Baloch clans. They were settled near the mountainous range of „Al- Burz‟ accordingly „Al-Burz‟ was renamed as “Burz Kohi” and with span of time same mountainous range was called “Brahui or Brohi”. 13

VIEWS OF PROFESSOR NADIR QAMBRANI.• Professor Nadir Qambrani in an essay has written that some materials have been explored from Nadali and Baram (Afghanistan) which include coins and images of gods of mountains which are inscribed on the same .• words were written around those idols in “Khuroshthi Script”• “Maha Rajasa, Raja Raja sa, Dawapothrasa Kajola, Kafuzasa”• If we change these words into brahvi definitely a brahvi speaking people understand these words. 14

THEORIES ABOUT DRAVADIAN ORIGIN OF BRAHUI. Sir John Marshall,M.B Aimenio,Asko Parpola, T Bro, G.R Hunter, Buship Coldwell, MS Andronof, Dennis Brray, Ornist Middki, GR Girirson, Mark Kunnire, G.U Pope, Arnist Trump, Dr Ghulam Ali Allana, Ainu l haq Fareed Koti, Dr Abul Alees Siddiqi, Muhammad Hassan Danni, Anwar Roman, Dr Inamul Haq Kosar, Kamil ul Qadri, Dr Abdul Rehman Brahui, Noor Muhammad Perwana, Dr Abdul Razzaq Sabir, Professor Javeed Akhtar, Nazeer Ahmed Shakir Brahui are of the opinion that Brahui is a Dravidian Language. 15

RESEARCH OF DR. AMENIO. MB Amenio in his book Dravadian Etomological Dictionary has mentioned that there are 250 words which are common in brahui and other Dravidian languages 16

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BRAHUI DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES. The Researchers of Brahui Language have disclosed that the Syntax(Serf O Nahoo) of Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have similarities. Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have Same Special Alphabetical items i-e Ta,Noon, Daal, Meem, Laam. Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have Same Sound moods e, ne, na, nuna. numa. kuna. aa, a, na ouna, ourkay. Oudhay. Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have Same Use of Preposition ( Herf Jar) in sentence o,a,on 17

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BRAHUI DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES.• Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have Words starting from S are active like scholar, school, student.• Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have same Principles of changing from singular to plural. From dhoo(Hand)…dhook(Hands) use of k.• Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have same Words of att (From).• Dravadian as well as Brahui Language have same Words of Dhair (Who) 18

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN BRAHUI DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES Dravadian as well as Brahvi Language have same Use of RRa in feminine heerr, mussirr, bulghurr, mulghurr. 10, Dravadian as well as Brahvi Language have about same type of words for Parts of body of human beings and animals. 11, Dravadian as well as Brahvi Language have words with Similar structure for relations. 19

OPINION OF NOOR MUHAMMAD PERWANA. Father of Brahui Language Late Noor Muhammad Perwana has submitted his opinion in his essay “Brahui culture” whether Brahvi speaking people belong to Dravadian race or not but it is certain that they belong to different races than Baloch and Pashtun. In another para he says that Brahui language may belong to Dravadian languages but some Brahuis also speak Balochi. He has concluded that Brahvis have a compound civilization. 20

VIEWS OF GREAT LINGUISTS.• Dr. Trump, Dir Dennis Bray, Coldwell, and Kami-ul- Qadri are of the opinion that there are similarities among brahvi and Indian languages of Tilgo, Milyalam, Tamil, Gota Malyalam. English scholars support this idea on grounds that composition of words of Dravadian and brahvi language have similarities• Professor Trotman has written in his Book Dravadian Kinship that about two lac Brahui living in areas of Pakistan i-e Kalat, Kairpur, Hyderabad districts are settled in the center of Turko-Iranian languages, although Brahui have similarities with Dravadian languages settled thousands of miles away from Brahui speaking areas. 21

RESEARCH OF DENYS BRAY. Sir Denys Bray who served in Sub Continent from 1898 to 1930 as I.C.S Officer and posted in 1904 on different administrative positions of Kalat State as well as British Balochistan. He has thoroughly discussed the origin of brahui language in his book (the brahui language) chapter one page numbers (08 to 19). Sir Denys bray has highlighted following resemblances between brauhi and Dravidian languages. 22

RESEARCH OF DENYS BRAY The argument of kinship rests on a surer foundation than a casual analogy of structure, the grammatical relations of the noun in brahui are shown, as in Dravidian, by means of suffixes, and most, if not all, of the suffixes, whether expressive of case relations are of plural number, are traceable to the same source as Dravidian. Even more direct is the evidence of the pronoun, that faithful repository of the secret of a languages; origin. Of the personal pronouns, the pronoun of the second person in both numbers is in essentials the same as in Dravidian, and the first person, Dravidian relationship is discernible in the pronoun of the first person of the ravages wrought by phonetic decay. As in Dravidian, the ordinals in Brahui are formed from thecardinals by means of suffixes. 23

RESEARCH OF DENYS BRAY The most striking example of the relationship of Brahui and Dravidian case suffixes is to be found in the conjunctive. There can be but one verdict on this evidence. This verdictis not that caldwell, who summoned up his final positionsin the words “the brahui language considered as a wholeseems to be derived from the same source as the Punjabiand sindhi, but it evidently contains a Dravidian element”,but the converse, first suggested by lassen in the early daysof the study of the language reasserted by Trumpp quarterof a century above. The brahui language is sprung from thesame source as the Dravidian language; it has freelyabsorbed alien vocabulary of Persian, balochi, Sindh andother neighboring languages, but inspite of their inroads itsgrammatical system has preserved sturdy existence 24

TOURS OF NORTH INDIA BY DR ABDUL RAZZAQ SABIR. Dr. Abdul Razaq Sabir in his book Daravistan has minutely discussed the relation of Brahui with south indian Dravidian languages after his tour of South Indian Dravidian populated cities. Dr Abdul Razzaq Sabir says when we check the structure and roots of Brahui Words ,it is clearly a Dravadian Language. According to researches and facts of linguists Brahui has been proved as Dravadian Language. If someone does not agree with said theory then he has to present logics,proofs,evidences otherwise he has to accept the theory that Brahui is a Dravadian Language. 25

TOURS OF NORTH INDIA BYDR ABDUL RAZZAQ SABIR. He further says that about 160 million people speakDravidian language in the world and 10% of Dravidianspeaking population are multi lingual i.e speak more thanone language. Dravidian languages were declared as onelanguage family in 1816 for the first time.Brahui languageis being spoken not only in Balochistan but also in upperSindh, provinces of hilmand and namroz in Afghanistanand Irani Balochistan. Four larger Dravidian familylanguages are being spoken in the province of tamil nado(india) and sri lanka as well. Linguists have concluded thatthere are 26 Dravidian languages and only brahui is awayfor not less than 800 miles from its sister Dravidianlanguages 26

TOURS OF NORTH INDIA BYDR ABDUL RAZZAQ SABIR. He further says that according to information available in the different quarters of Dravidian north indian areas that Brahui is the oldest Dravidian language, the other Dravidian languages are godaba or ollari, gondi, kannada, kodagu, kalami, konda, kota, koya, kui, kurur, kuwim malyalum, malto, monad, naiki, parji, pengu, tamil, toda, tulau 27

TOURS OF NORTH INDIA BYDR ABDUL RAZZAQ SABIR. That many similarities were discussed between Dr. Abdul Razaq sabir and Professor Panikera as under: um (also), is used in brahui and indian Dravidian languages for the same purpose i.e also. o a in Dravidian and brahui language o is used in same sense for calling persons. aino (Brahui) ano, (Tamil) today (English) Parri(Brahui) Porri (Tamil) Stock (English) Kunnay(Brahui) Hunnay(Tamil) My (English) Ne(Brahui) Ne (Tamil) You (English) Khun(Brahui) Kun (Tamil) Eye (English) Tuff(Brahui) Thup (Tamil) Spit (English) 28

TOURS OF NORTH INDIA BYDR ABDUL RAZZAQ SABIR.• Tugh(Brahui) Tunk(Tamil) Dream/sleeping(English)• Pollo(Brahui) Polla(Tamil) Empty/Weightless(English)• Khurkao(Brahui) Kurkum(Tamil) Snores(English)• Pagga (Brahui) Pukum(Tamil) Tomorrow(English)• Dithar(Brahui) Neeher(Tamil) Blood.(English)• Mar(Brahui) Magun(Tamil) Son (English)• Malling(Brahui) Mallar(Tamil) To Open(English)• Mur Mutting(Brahui) Murr Murro (Tamil) Murmur(English).• Poh Manning(Brahui) Pori(Tamil) To understand(English)• Mail(Brahvi) May(Tamil) Fighting /battle(English)• Mukhing(Brahui) Makil (Tamil) Laughing(English)• xvi) Panning(Brahui) Parrahi(Tamil) To Say(English)• Array (Brahui) Arra(Malyalum) O Man(English)• Darray (Brahui) Arrwa(Malyalum) Here(English)• Baa(Brahui) Wuh(Malyalum) Come(English) 29

VIEWS OF PROFESSOR JAVED AKHTHAR.• Professor Javed Akhthar states in his book “Brahvi Zuban Ke Haqeeqath” that theCivilization of Moen Jo Darro which was comprising not only areas of Sind but alsowhole of Sub Continent, some areas of Balochistan were located on west bank ofRiver Indus. When Aryans appeared in this area the Dravadians were living in thisregion and their language was also Dravadian. Attempts have been made to read andunderstand the writings /Inscriptions on Coins recovered from Harrapa, Moen JoDarro, Chaoon Jo Darro and other places but results are unsatisfactory. Dr AskoparPolla, Samyo Parpolla and their assistants belonging to Denmark have tried theirbest to read these inscriptions although they have not succeeded but reached at aconclusion that this language is mother of all the Dravadian Languages calledPROTO DRAVADIAN and Brahvi is also like a language derived from Proto Dravadian Language.• 30

WRITINGS/INSCRIPTION RECOVERED FROM MOEN JO DARRO. Sindhi Linguists have claimed that one inscriptions found on remnants of Moen Jo Darro is the first poem of Sindhi Language while the composition, root and structure of words and sentences do not support their theory. The Poem (Arra Barra Kunkarra, Karrakari Mandharra) has similarities and meaningful words in Brahui Language, A Brahui Speaking person may easly understand the meanings of these words while sindhi speaking person can not understand it and their claims only on the bases of hypotheses not facts. Now I would like to translate these words into Brahui Language as under: (Arra Barra Kunkarra, Karrakari Mandharra): recoverd version Arra(Array/ oh man) Barra(Barrak/Come),Kunkarra(Kunkay/towards me), KarraKarri (KarraKarra/Slowly) Mundharra (Mundarri/ used in Brahui folk poetry as beloved person or who is smart and beautiful girl/lady/female). 31

WIKIPEDIA The Dravidian languages are a language family spokenmainly in southern India and parts of eastern and centralIndia as well as in northeastern SriLanka,Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and overseas in other countriessuch as Malaysia and Singapore. The Dravidian languageswith the most speakers are Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam,and Kannada. There are also small groups of Dravidian-speaking scheduled tribes, who live beyond the mainstreamcommunities, such as the Kurukh andGond tribes. It is oftenspeculated that Dravidian languages are native toIndia. Epigraphically the Dravidian languages have beenattested since the 2nd century BCE. Only two Dravidianlanguages are exclusively spoken outsideIndia, Brahui inPakistan and Dhangar, a dialect of Kurukh,in Nepal. 32

WIKIPEDIA Dravidian place-names along the northwest coast, in Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, and to a lesser extent in Sindh, as well as Dravidian grammatical influence such as clusivity in the Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Marwari, and to a lesser extent Sindhi languages, suggest that Dravidian languages were once spoken more widely across the Indian subcontinent 33

WIKIPEDIA There is no consensus as to whether Brahui is a relatively recentlanguage introduced into Balochistan or remnant of an olderwidespread Dravidian language family. Some scholars see it as arecent migrant language to its present region. They postulate, thatBrahui could only have migrated to Balochistan from centralIndia after 1000 CE. The absence of any older Iranian (Avestan)loanwords in Brahui supports this hypothesis. The main Iraniancontributor to Brahui vocabulary, Balochi, is a NorthwesternIranian language, and moved to the area from the west onlyaround 1000 CE. One scholar places the migration аs late as the13th or 14th century. However, a few scholars have hypothesizedthat Brahui is a remnant of a formerly widespread Dravidianlanguage family that is believed to have been reduced or replacedduring the influx of Iranian/Indo-Aryan languages upon theirarrival in South Asia. 34

WIKIPEDIA LANGUAGE CHART. 35

CONCLUSION. Although Sir Denys Bray, Dr. Abdul Rehman Brahui, Dr. Abdul Razzaq Sabir, Dr Javed Akhtar and Dr Nazeer Ahmed Shaker support the ideas that brahui is a Dravadian language and there is no doubt in this theory but I would like to present the conclusion about origin and developing of Brahui Language as under: 36

CONCLUSION.• According to historians, Brahui and Balochi belong to same race. Balochi speaking people entered Mekran while Brahui speaking people entered from Chagi ,defeated the Dravadian rulers of Kalat and entered into matrimonial relationship with the Dravadian people of Kalat. Accordingly Dravadian and Balochi languages were mixed up and a new language of “Brahui” was born due to same relationship. 37

CONCLUSION.• Brahui and Balochi Speaking people belonging to same race have distinct languages. People belonging to Brahui tribes speak different languages in different areas of Balochistan,i-e Muhammad Hassani, Sasoli, Mullazi, Sumalani and Mengals of Kharan, Washuk and Mekran Speak Balochi while same tribes living in the areas of Nushki, Besima, Neemurgh, kalat and Surab Speak Brahui. 38

CONCLUSION.Factual position is evidence of the fact that Brahui wasborn from mixture of Balochi, Persian and DravadianLanguages about one thousand years ago and Dravadianbeing language of newborn children of newly migratedpeople replaced majority words of prevous language ofBalochs of Kalat and Chagi on the same principles ofchange of dialects after every forty kilometers and due topresence of distinct civilized Dravadians in kalat. 39

REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY:1. Brahvi aur Urdu ka taqabulli Muttaliha by Dr Abdul Rehman Brahvi.2. The Brahvi Language by Sir Denys Bray3. Hand Book of Brahvi Language By Allah Baksh.4. Brahvi Na Hindi O Sanskurath Thun Sanghati By Professor Aziz Mengal.5. Elum Ikhbar Mastung.6. Koch o Baloch By Meer Gul Khan Naseer.7. Darawisthan By Dr Abdul Razzaq Sabir.8. Quetta sa Kanya Kumarri Tuk By Dr.Abdul Razzaq Sabir & translated by Neelum Moomal.9. Sindhi Adab Je Mukhtasar Tarikh By Dr Nabi Baksh Baloch.10. en.Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Brahui_Language 40

THANK YOU 41