Mandible
Nasal bone The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, \"the bridge\" of the nose. Each has two surfaces and four borders.
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Rib cage The human rib cage, also known as the thoracic cage, is a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic (chest) cavity and supports the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It, along with the skin and associated fascia and muscles, makes up the thoracic wall, and provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen, and back
The vertebral coloum support the head and the trunk. In the adult the coloum has 24 vertebratae , one sacrum made of five fused bones and one coccyx made of four or five fused bones . The curvatures of the coloum provide support and balance to the body the vertebral coloum is part of the axial skelton The vertebral coloum has seven cervical vertebratae 12 thorasic vertebre and 5 lumbar vertebrae
Name Of Individual Vertebrates There are a total of 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column, if assuming 4 coccygeal vertebrae. Cervical: 7 vertebrae (C1–C7) C1 is known as \"atlas\" and supports the head, C2 is known as \"axis\" Possesses bifid spinous processes, which is absent in C1 and C7 Small-bodied Thoracic: 12 vertebrae (T1–T12) Distinguished by the presence of costal facets for the articulation of the heads of ribs Body is intermediate in size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae Lumbar: 5 vertebrae (L1–L5) Has a large body. Does not have costal facets nor transverse process Sacral: 5 (fused) vertebrae (S1–S5) Coccygeal: 4 (3–5) (fused) vertebrae (Tailbone)
STERNUM • The sternum is a flat, dagger shaped bone located in the middle of the chest. Along with the ribs, the sternum forms the rib cage that protects the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from damage.
Sternum The manubrim The body The xiphoid
The sternum serves an important function in the body. The ribs are connected to it by the costal cartilage. Without the sternum, there would be a hole in the bone structure in the middle of the chest, right above the heart and lungs. The sternum protects this vital area and completes the circle of the rib cage.
Sternum The manubrim: The body: The xiphoid also called the also called the \"blade\" or process, also called the \"handle\", is located at the \"gladiolus\", is located \"tip\", is located on the the top of the sternum in the middle of the bottom of the sternum. It and moves slightly. It sternum and connects is often cartilaginous is connected to the the third to seventh ribs (cartilage), but first two ribs. directly and the eighth does become bony in through tenth ribs later years. indirectly.
RIBS • Ribs are attached in the front to the sternum by means of costal cartilage • Due to their elasticity they allow movement when inhaling and exhaling. • The 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs are called false ribs , and join with the costal cartilages of the ribs above. • The 11th and 12th ribs are known as floating ribs, as they do not have any anterior connection to the sternum. • The spaces between the ribs are known as intercostal spaces; they contain the intercostal muscles, nerves, and arteries. • The upper seven are true ribs
The human rib parts: • * The head is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column. * The Costo-vertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae. * The neck is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head. * The tubercle is an eminence on the posterior surface. * The angle is a bending part. * The Costal groove is a groove between the ridge of the internal surface of the rib and the inferior border
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
LIMBS A limb is a jointed or prehensile appendage of the human or other animal body. Most animals use limbs for locomotion, such as walking, running, or climbing. Some animals cause their front limbs to carry &manipulate object. In human body, the upper & lower limbs are commonly called the arms & the leg. Human legs & feet are specialized for two-legged locomotion, most other mammals walk & run on all for limbs. Each limbs is made up of 30 bones. They are bones of hand &legs
CARPAL BONES (WRIST) The eight carpal bones are collectively known as the carpus, or wrist. There are eight wrist bones The Scaphoid &Lunate articulate with the Radius, to form the wrist joint
METACARPALES (Palm Bones) The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of finger) distally and the carpus which form the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consist of metacarpal bones
PHALANGES In anatomy, phalanx bones are those that form the fingers & toes . In primates such as humans & monkeys , the thumb & big toe have two phalanges , while the other fingers &toes consist of three . Phalanges are classified as long bones .
FEMUR The femur, or thigh bone is the most proximal bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals , birds , many reptiles such as lizards & amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with four legs such as dogs & horses , the femur is found only in the rear legs
Tibia
Fibula
TARSAL (ANGLE BONES) The tatus bone or ankle bone is connected superiorly to the two bones of the lower leg , the two bones of the lower leg ,the tibia &fibula ,to form the ankle joint ;inferiorly to the calcaneus or heel bone together, the talus & calcaneus's form the hind foot The five irregular bones of the midfoot the cuboids ,navicular, and three cuneiform bones from the arches of the foot which serves as a shock absorber. The midfoot is connected to the hind and forefoot by muscles and the plantar fascia
METATARSUS The metatarsus bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal and phalanges of the toes
PETELLA The patella, also known as the kneecap is a thick circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femus and covers and protects the knee joint .It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body .
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