Electrical India_July 2015

Solar PowerSolar Power GenerationOnly Eternal Energy Source On The EarthIndia is endowed with abundantsolar energy, which is capable ofproducing 5,000 trillion Kilowattsof clean energy. If this energy isharnessed efficiently, it caneasily reduce our energy deficitscenario – and that too with nocarbon emission...India is a tropical country, where sunshine is Mission was launched under the brand name original source of all energy. We will pool our available for longer hours per day and in 'Solar India.' scientific, technical and managerial talents, great intensity. Solar energy, therefore, has with sufficient financial resources, to developgreat potential as a future source of energy. It Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission solar energy as a source of abundant energyalso has the advantage of permitting the is a major initiative of the Government of to power our economy and to transform thedecentralised distribution of energy, thereby India with active participation from states to lives of our people. Our success in thisempowering people at the grassroots level. promote ecologically sustainable growth endeavour will change the face of India. It while addressing IndiaÊs energy security would also enable India to help change the India is endowed with abundant solar challenge. It plays a major role in IndiaÊs destinies of people around the world.‰energy, which is capable of producing 5,000 contribution to fight against the issues oftrillion Kilowatts of clean energy. The country climate change, which is a big concern In the last three years the cost ofis blessed with around 300 sunny days in a across the globe. generation from solar has drastically comeyear and solar isolation of 4 to 7 kWh per day. down and MNRE anticipates solar powerIf this energy is harnessed efficiently, it can Launching IndiaÊs National Action Plan achieving grid parity by 2017-18 and parityeasily reduce our energy deficit scenario on Climate Change on June 30, 2008, the with coal-based thermal power by 2020, butand that too with no carbon emission. then Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan this recognises that cost trajectory will depend Singh stated, „Our Vision it to make IndiaÊs upon the scale of global deployment and Many states in India have already economic development energy-efficient. Over technology development and transfer. Thererecognised and indentified solar energy a period of time, we must pioneer a graduated are a number of off-grid solar applicationspotential. Others are lined up to meet their shift from economic activity based on fossil particularly for meeting rural energy needs,growing energy needs with clean and fuels to one based on non-fossil fuels and which are already cost-effective and provideseverlasting solar energy. In near future solar from reliance on non-renewable and depleting for their rapid expansion.energy will have a huge role to play in sources of energy to renewable sources of • Scalability: India is endowed with vastmeeting IndiaÊs energy demand. Based on energy. In this strategy, the sun occupiesthis vision Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar centre-stage, as it should, being literally the solar energy potential. About 5,000 trillion52 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA

Solar Power kWh per year energy is incident over Television Table Fan IndiaÊs land area with most parts receiving 4 to 7 kWh per sq. m. per day. Hence, both Washing Machine Cealing Fan technology routes for conversion of solar Refrigerator radiation into heat and electricity, namely, Iron solar thermal and solar photovoltaic, can Submersible Pump Solar Cooker effectively be harnessed providing huge Bulb Mobile scalability for solar in India Solar home...• Environmental impact: Solar energy is of their needs by renewable energy. On top of environmentally friendly as it has zero technology like LiFePO4 or Capacitor it, groups having surplus funds can avail emissions while generating electricity batteries shall play the major role, wherein depreciation benefit of 80% on Green- or heat abundant solar-energy shall be stored for Technology Investment, recovering their cost• Security of source: From energy security efficient, interruptable energy supply. Most of in 2 years and having their own power- perspective, solar is the most secure of all the daily cooking needs shall be taken care of generation units of 25 years life. sources, since it is abundantly available. by latest battery-powered cooking, eliminating Theoretically, a small fraction of the total cooking-gas & conventional fuel. A typical 1 MW good-quality power incident solar energy (if captured generation plant needs approx. 5 to 6 acres effectively) can meet the entire countryÊs All petrol/ diesel pumps shall be converted of land for solar-panels and shall cost approx. power requirements. It is also clear that to solar-charging stations, fuelling latest ` 6 to 7 Corers. The breakeven point is given the large proportion of poor and battery operated efficient transport vehicles, guaranteed for 5 to 6 years. Approx. 18 lacks energy un-served population in the like scooters, motorcycles, cars etc. units are produced per year by 1MW solar- country, every effort needs to be made to Renewable-energy shall be the base of future plant. Rest calculation shall reduce power- exploit the relatively abundant sources of rural village. Conventionally manufactured needs still further. energy available to the country. electricity shall be fed only to urban areas andSolar-based electric power generation: industries, reducing transmission-loss and Thus, we can be one of the future great-• Off-Grid Solar Power for Rural India leakages. This shall make India a better place powers in the world if we properly harness• On-Grid Solar Power for Urban India to live in. the solar energy incident on our land.Off-grid solar power generation: 75% of On-grid / Grid-tied solar power generationIndians stay in rural areas, is an old saying. for urban India: Cost of solar-panels is the Bandal S DOff-grid solar-power generation in rural India lowest today and on the contrary electrical E&T/C Graduate Engineershall definitely strengthen our economic tariff has shot up due to reasons well known COEP, Punehealth of grass root-level people. The poorest to all of us. This has helped in achieving solar-of poor, can have light in his/her hut in less power generation projects to reach breakeventhan ` 1000. Only 100 Watts of Roof-top Solar point at 5 to 6 years. Very soon Renewablein rural/ village house is enough to provide Energy Certificate (REC) shall be mandatoryround the clock power for all the needs to all business houses, wherein 2% of theirincluding LED-bulbs, small DC TV, Mobile energy requirement has to be produced bycharger & cooking at a very economical tag of renewable energy. Hence, major industrial` 24,000/- only (one time expenditure) Solar- houses have to start generating minimum 2%panel life is typically 25 years. In addition tothis Solar-Powered agricultural pumps can beprovided up to 10Hp through soft bank-loansby respective state government. Theeconomically healthy rural India shall fulfillsuperpower dream of India.A vision 2020 / future solar rural India By 2020 conventional electrical lines shallbe out of site. All rural houses shall bepowered by off-grid solar panels for their totaldomestic lighting needs including lighting, TV,fridge, water-pumps etc. Latest batteryELECTRICAL INDIA JULY 2015 53

AwardsUCLA professor receives 2015 Pan Wen Yuan Outstanding Research Award Dr. Kang L. Wang is a Professor Kang L. Wang, from the Award aims to commemorate outstanding visionary, and is one Electrical Engineering Department of local and foreign researchers of Chinese of the leaders in UCLA, has been presented the 2015 Pan descent who have not only made nanoelectronics in the Wen Yuan Outstanding Research Award. theoretical innovations, experimental world. His leadership Dr. WangÊs broad spectrum of technique developments, production and fundamental contributions in semiconductor materials process enhancement or instrument contributions in and devices has had an enormous impact production with international standards,semiconductor/nanoelectronics in the semiconductor industry. but also led large-scale or integrativeresearch have profoundly impacted both projects with excellent performance in theacademia and industry... His contributions extended to new areas of electronics, information directions of nanoarchitectures for technology (IT), telecommunication and information processing. The Pan Wen many others. Yuan Foundation Outstanding ResearchInventor of Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) honoured again Dr. Baliga is famous Electrical engineer Jay Baliga, Director LED. The award comes with a cash prize for his invention of of NC StateÊs Power Semiconductor of 33 million rubles, equivalent to about the Insulated-Gate Research Center, is renowned for his $645,000. The IGBT is used in every Bipolar Transistor or invention of the Insulated-Gate Bipolar sector of the economy to improve the IGBT, a power Transistor or IGBT, a power semiconductor quality of life for billions of people around semiconductor device device primarily used as an electronic the world. The improved efficiency gained primarily used as an switch in modern appliances, from electric by using the IGBT has resulted in savingelectronic switch in modern cars to air conditioners. over 1 trillion gallons of gasoline andappliances⁄ reducing electrical energy consumption by Baliga, lauded by Scientific American more than 50,000 terra-watt-hours as one of the heroes of the semiconductor (equivalent to not having to build 600 one- revolution, has scored another scientific gigawatt coal-fired power plants). This has honour. He shares the honour with Shuji saved consumers $15 trillion, while Nakamura, a professor of UC Santa reducing carbon dioxide emission by more Barbara who won the Nobel Prize in than 75 trillion pounds. physics last year for inventing the blueElectric Power Research Institute’s scientist receives recognition Wilmshurst oversees Neil Wilmshurst, Chief Nuclear Officer operation of nuclear plants around the more than $170 at The Electric Power Research world. Notable accomplishments under his million in annual Institute (USA), has recently received an leadership include: collaborative Energy Leadership Award at the Energy • Growing international funding of EPRI research for the Inc. Summit (held in Charlotte, North benefit of the public, Carolina) for his significant contributions nuclear research to 45% today from targeting the safe, to the Carolinas' growing energy sector. 20% five years agoreliable, cost-effective operation of The summit focusing on industry trends • Increasing participation in EPRIÊsnuclear plants around the world⁄ and business opportunities was sponsored nuclear research programmes to 75% by Charlotte Business Journal and E4 of the worldÊs nuclear reactors. Carolinas. Wilmshurst oversees more than Participants include all the U.S. utilities $170 million in annual collaborative and nuclear plant owners and operators research for the benefit of the public, from Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, targeting the safe, reliable, cost-effective Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Hungary, Spain etc.54 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Standardisation Trends In The Standards For Dry Type TransformersWith the increasing use of Dry type transformers, it is important for the utilities and the regulators to have norms for losses for Dry type transformers as we have norms for oil immersed transformers in form of star labelling programme...56 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA

StandardisationToday the urban metropolitan cities, With increasing use of Dry type transformers, it is important for the industries, power plants, high utilities and the regulators to have norms for losses for them... population density areas with skyscrapers, malls, and airports, metro rails The most common technologies prevalent India. This standard is derived from the IEChave become a necessity. The spiral growth in the dry type transformer space are Open 726 1982, subsequently the ICE was calledin the civic, business and industrial ventilated Dry type and Cast Resin the IEC 60076-11 the 60076 series.development has forced the system designers technologies, while driving the specificationsto look for safe and reliable solutions. for Dry type transformers all concerns are The second most important aspect for related to the fire safety, environmental and the use of Dry type transformers is the The public utilities have a big challenge climatic conditions. energy efficiency. With the increasing use ofto cater to the exponentially growing demand Dry type transformers it is equally important If we see the newspaper headlines for the utilities and the regulators to have and simultaneously maintaining the related to the oil immersed distribution norms for losses for Dry type transformersdistribution system healthy and reduce the transformers, we often find pictures of the as we have norms for oil immersedoutage of the transformers. recent fire on 25th August 2014 in the transformers in form of star labelling program. narrow by lanes of Chandani Chawk in Delhi. The utilities with high population densities Shown below: Standards bodies provide an importantlike CESC Kolkata; BEST Mumbai and platform for the cumulative experience of theReliance Mumbai, Orissa and Assam have The impact of the incident was: 25 shops users and manufacturers, and leading in theconverted their distribution transformers from were destroyed and put to flames although education and introduction of practices foroil to dry depending on the safety and no human causality was reported. Some the improvement on the quality, reliability andmaintenance needs, as these utilities have incidents turn very severe, and cause safety of products and services.identified that working with the traditional oil incidents like UPHAR CINEMA where 59immersed distribution transformers may not people lost their lives as an oil immersed The standards document developed arehelp them solve the concerns around safety transformers caught fire in the basement. thus ÂlivingÊ documents and are constantlyand reliability. Considering the changing evolving as the society demands change.trends and the growth in the Dry type The Indian Electricity Rules 1956 weretransformer markets, the need of the hour is amended on 25th Nov 2000, and mandated To address the changing needs of theto establish the right kind of standards that the use of Dry type transformers in all indoor country and increasing demand for the Drydefine the safety and reliability of these applications. However, the rule says 'Dry type transformers, BIS (Bureau of Indiantransformers. type' but it is now the responsibility of the Standards) is looking to revise the ISWhat is the present state of the utilities? standards to define 'HOW FIRE SAFE?' 11171:1985 as per IEC standards 60076-11. How do the standards stand today? The utilities in the country face difficult The IS 11171:1985 is the presentchallenges on safety of oil immersed standard for the Dry type transformers in IS11171:1985 titled ÂDry-type transformerÊtransformers, almost all the cities in the is the primary reference and applicationcountry are old and congested where we standard for Dry type transformers in India.can find oil filled transformers in very closevicinity to the houses buildings etc. The IS11171:1985 is primarily based on IECexamples are the narrow by-lanes of cities 726 (1982) ÂDry type power transformersÊlike Delhi, Jaipur, Gwalior and Indore. issued by the International Electro-technical Commission. With the increase in population leading tothe increase in load, the transformers in IEC 726 (1982) has been replaced bythese locations inside the crowded cities IEC60076-11 (2004-05) with the same title,have become susceptible to fire hazards and now forms a part of the IEC60076 series(with oil immersed transformers). of standards on power transformers. India is a vast country and have a variety Based on the experiences and issues ofof climatic conditions ranging from extreme users and manufacturers, there are somehot nearing 50 Dec C in the hot deserts of major additions in the IEC60076-11 standardThar to a vast coast line with a high humid focusing on improving the dry type transformerenvironment and also high mountain ranges reliability and safety.having sub-zero temperatures in places likeKargil. We need transformers that can work in What are the major differences in the IECall environments, pollution levels, and provide 60076-11 and the present Dry type standardsutmost safety to the establishments and IS 11171:1985? Learning from the cumulativepeople around them. experience of the users and manufacturers, the new draft document for IS 11171 (subject to revision) includes some additional tests toELECTRICAL INDIA JULY 2015 57

Standardisationdefine the fire safety standard of the transformer, the climatic Fire behaviour classificationconditions standard for the transformer and the environmentalstandard for a dry type transformer. We will now have a closer look at Intentthe new draft standards and what it would mean to the transformer Defining the risks of fire on the dry type transformers. Expectedmanufacturers users and the specifies.Additions proposed in the IS 11171 draft safety performance of the dry type transformer in terms of flammability, opaque smoke and toxic substances emitted. Three distinct additions in the IS 11171 standards draft are:• Environmental classification Two operation conditions for consideration:• Fire behaviour classification • No fire risk to consider(class F0)• Climatic classification. • Fire hazard (class F1) Rationale These three classifications are added because of concernsexpressed by users including: Though the transformer may not be the cause of fire, but under• How does the Dry type transformer product perform under high an external fire, there should be minimal contribution of thermal energy, emission of opaque smoke and toxic gases. humidity or pollution? Test measurements• How safe is Dry type transformer under fire? • Temperature variation over time (heat contribution by object) • Optical transmission of light (smoke opacity) The classifications intend to offer more clarity on the performance • Gases emitted (toxicity)of the Dry type transformers under different operation conditions. The test conducted for the fire behaviour is a destructive one. TheEnvironmental classification coil is placed in the chamber and put to fire to see the behaviour of the coil under fire.Intent Defining the environmental conditions in which the Dry type PIC showing the fire behaviour F1 class: the transformer coil is placed in the test setup...transformers can operate reliably in terms of humidity, condensation,pollution and ambient temperature. Brief test description Three operation conditions for considerations Test facilities• No condensation and pollution (class E0) • Dimensions and construction of fire chamber• Occasional condensation and limited pollution (class E1) • Monitoring devices (temperature, optical, gas detection)• Frequent condensation and heavy pollution (class E2) Ignition sourceRationale Ethyl alcohol placed directly below 40mm away from the test The insulation system resistance level to moisture and pollution object and fire to last for approximately 20 minvaries with the insulation material used and processes applied. The Heat sourceclassifications are based on the different pollution conditions impactingthe transformer, the worst condition are described E 2 as under. Heating panel 800mm (h) by 500mm (w) with expectedBrief test description (most severe condition) temperature of 750degC for 40 min• Transformer is placed in test chamber with A. Humidity greater than 93% B. Atomised water conductivity 0.5-1.5 S/m period of 6 hrs• Within 5 min after removing from the test chamber, the transformer is injected with 1.1 times rated voltage for 15 minPIC showing the environmental test E2 on a Dry transformer in the Climatic classificationtest chamber... Intent Defining the temperature in which the dry type transformers can58 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



StandardisationPIC showing the coil of an OVDT operate reliably in. Two operation Transformer returned to normal ambient for 12 hrs and subjectedtransformer after the test... conditions for consideration to separate source and induced voltage test. • Ambient Temperature of -5 deg C (Class C1) What makes Dry type transformers safer and reliable? • Ambient Temperature of -25 deg C(Class C2). Nomex paper Rationale For the new trends on the standards, Nomex paper will provide The difference in the thermal superior performances. It provides a unique combination of properties expansion between the solid found in no other insulating materials. insulation and conductor may • Long term stability for continuous exposure to 220 Deg C induce mechanical stresses • Will not melt, flow or support combustion below 250 Dec C (thermal shock) causing the • Strong resistance to acids and alkalis insulation system to fail. • Compatible with all varnishes, resins, adhesives, and fluorocarbons Test description (most severe • Stable properties over a wide range of temperature and moisture condition) conditions Transformer is placed in test • Inherently flame retardant; self-extinguishing chamber controlled at -25degC for 12 hrs. Current at two times Nomex is a class C insulation material, which performs at 220 Deg the rated current is injected into C. The insulation used on the conductors for Relitran co-branded the transformer until rated transformers is 2Mil Nomex paper and all other solid insulation temperature of the transformer material used for manufacturing of these transformers is class H. is reached. When the fire behaviour test is performed on dry type transformers (IEC 60076-11) using Nomex has a better Optical Transmission Factor (OTF) during burning. The graph below indicates OTF (Visibility) of about 60% to 75% for a time period ranging from 5 minutes to 45 minutes (Max standard temperature range) of burning. The graph below translates into better visibility as the smoke is not dense or black. In case of fire, people do not die of fire but the damage is due to the suffocation in toxic smoke. The injuries to people trapped in the fire are due to stampede because of poor visibility. A typical setup for the Fire behavior test as described in the IEC Fire test behaviour according to IEC60076-11 temperature rise and 60076-11... Optical Transmission Factor [OTF]...60 JULY 2015 The graph in the fig. below compares the flame resistance behaviour of Nomex with other materials used in the dry type transformers, It is found that the Limiting Oxygen Index of Nomex is very high, which means that it requires more oxygen to burn and when this insulation is burnt, it does not support combustion so it does not spread fire. ELECTRICAL INDIA







Standardisation Highest Temperature = Average Winding Rise (K) + Max. Ambient + Hot Spot AllowanceLimiting oxygen index vs temperature... ConclusionEnvironmental and climatic conditions performance of Every B class city in India has a part called the old city where theNomex based OVDT transformers population density is very high. The government needs to think of redefining the need for installation of dry type transformers in the VDT Transformers are well protected from invasion of water high distribution utilities not only in the indoor application but also inquality vacuum impregnation technology using the most modern outdoors where the population density is very high, especially in theseequipment. Nomex is not adversely affected by water, even if it does old city areas.become exposed to 95% RH• It retains 80% of dielectric strength The OVDT Nomex based designs are safer, reliable and help in• It retains low dielectric constant and dissipation factor reducing the environmental foot print. With the increasing load• It retains superior volume resistivity. demand and the load density of individual household, these transformers with inherent overload capacities are the best option for The VPI (Vacuum Pressure Impregnated) Varnishes used with UL the builders, utilities and the industry.approval for usage at 180 deg C and higher for continuous operationin the hottest areas. Nomex insulation is fully coated with varnish The OVDT transformers made out of Nomex insulation will tend tomakes the encapsulation of the transformer. resist to the fire as the material does not support fire, and in unfortunate case of fire these transformers will help save the humanTemperature limits for various insulations classes lives and reduce the loss due to fire. The inherent properties of the insulating material used and the VPI technology make the transformers The insulation system of transformers represent the highest resistant to environmental effects. The higher temperature endurance of the Nomex helps the OVDT transformers bear short-term overloadRelative Dielectric Dissipation Volume without damage to the insulation. Factor ResistivityHumidity (%) Constant (60 Hz) (ohm- cm) Sailesh Purohit Field technical and Application Development Scientist (60 Hz) 0.006 1016 South Asia Energy Solutions, DuPont Protection TechnologyDry 2.5 0.006 1016 Thomas Lim50 2.7 0.011 1014 App Research Manager, Transformer Insulation DuPont Co Pte Ltd95 3.2temperature the electrical winding can accept while operating at thehighest load condition (Hot Spot) and should have insulating materialswhich at least match this rating.Insulation Temp Temp Ambient Hot spot Hottest Class Temp. Allowance Temp.Class Rise 130 40 10 130 155 40 15 155Class B 80 185 40 20 185 Radosław Szewczyk 220 40 30 220Class F 100 Application Development Leader – Transformers, EMEA; DuPont Protection TechnologiesClass H 125 Nomex Energy SolutionsClass C 15064 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Energy ConservationImprovingEnergyEfficiencyWater Flow Measurement in Progress Console of Ultrasonic Fluid...Motorized fluid handling machinery such as air compressors and pumps consume nearly 40 to 60% electricpower used by the industry. A large number of such systems installed in our process and power plants, eitheroperate under degraded efficiency conditions due to service induced deterioration of the equipment – or operatefar from the optimal operating point on the characteristic curve due to over design or mismatch with the demandor process requirements…Energy conservation is an optimal augmentations to the installed power cycle cost is the initial cost, about 8 to10% is operational practice, which improves generation capacity of the Nation! Energy spent on repairs and maintenance and the the efficiency of the equipment Audit is the basic tool of energy conservation, balance 90% is the energy cost for drivingassociated with both supply side and demand and is defined as a systematic exercise to the system.side i.e., at the user end. Since the industries identify the practices & processes thataccount for a greater share of power consume a significant amount of energy, Consequently, a huge potential exists forconsumption, energy conservation estimate the efficiency in each of these energy savings related to air compressorsprogrammes will benefit them by reducing practices & processes and based on these and pumping systems. Systematic surveystheir Specific Power Consumption and estimates devise methods of improving conducted by the energy management groupmaking them more competitive in the market. efficiency and curbing loss of energy. at ERDA indicate a savings potential ofÂNegawattÊ (a negative ÂMegawattÊ), a term nearly 25% of the present day energycoined by the renowned energy analyst Motorized equipment such as air consumption. This translates into theAmory Lovins, highlights the fact that a compressors and pumps are the workhorses equivalent saving of nearly 178 MWNegawatt produced by reducing energy need of power & process plants. Nearly 60% of (approximately ` 6 million). In the presentsaves more than a Megawatt generated. total power consumption in the process paper, we present five singular case studiesEnergy audits lead to the generation of industry happens to be related to pumping pertaining to audit of air compressors andÂNEGAWATTSÊ and thus result in virtual systems. Typically, for such motorized pumping systems, where significant energy process equipment, about 2% of total life savings were realised.66 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA

Energy ConservationAir Compressors Flow Measuring Unit... Ultrasonic Probles Installed on Piping for Velocity Measurement... During audit of compressors, the current At 50% load = 84.8 kW to 85% loading even if driven equipment isdrawn by motor, pressure reducing valve operating at full rated condition. Followingopening position, discharge and user end At No load = 27.0 kW case studies present energy conservationpressure, controlling mechanism and load - opportunites for pumps with motor operatingunload time can give ideas for energy savings. Power Saving Potential = 27.0 kW at full load condition.Compressor motorÊs loading depends onpressure developed and flow delivered. Proper Energy Saved/Year = 1,06,920 kWh Case Study 2 (Thermal Power Plant)mechanism for controlling the output ofcompressor always gives efficient operation. Motor of Cooling Water Pump of ratingPressure drop across valves, more unloading 1550 kW in Thermal power plant wastime than the loading time, motor over loading, operating at almost full load conditionunder utilisation of design capacity etc., are while the pump was operating at lowerindicators of energy loss. loading condition. Hence the pump was taken under maintenance and overhauling (Considering 12 hrs/day & 330 Days/Year was done.Case Study 1 (Nuclear Power Plant) No load operation) Specifically, bearings were checked and repaired. Complete overhauling work of Two Generating Units have three Air Amount Saved/[email protected]/kWh = Rs. replacement of stainless steel liner, muffCompressors for each Unit to supply coupling of runner shaft and shaft sleevecompressed air for Instrument Air, Service 2.13 Lakhs were undertaken. Maintenance of the aboveAir and Mask Air requirements. Two Air pump improved its performance. EnergyCompressors for each Unit are kept in Investment Required = Nil saving calculations are presented below:operation to meet the air requirement. Load-unload time duration data for each compressor Pumpsis given below: During audit of pumps, the current drawnAir Load Time Unload Time by motor, throttling of discharge, recirculationCompressor (min:sec) (min:sec) and user end valves, discharge pressure and(Unit-1) 1 1:58 1:30 controlling mechanism can give an idea for(Unit-1) 2 1:57 1:30 energy savings. One major reason observed(Unit-2) 1 1:23 2:05 for decrease in efficiency of motor driven(Unit-2) 2 1:25 2:25 auxiliaries is the deviations in the operating conditions from design parameters. Normally at design stage, selection of motors is done such that they operate at 80It can be seen that compressors are Parameters Before Improvement After Improvementremaining in unloading condition for around Voltage (kV) 6.78 6.7550% time, which indicates that air requirement Load current (A) 166 146is much lower than the present capacity of Power factor 0.80 0.82compressors. Hence, the energy savings Input power (kW) 1558 1400solution found is to open the interconnection Load (%) 94 85valve between two units, and feed the Flow (m3/hr) 15,100 15,680complete requirement of both generatingunits with only three compressors instead Suction/ Discharge pressure (kg/cm2,g) -0.6/1.8 -0.6/1.8of running all four compressors so that Calculated overall pumping efficiency (%) 63.7 73.2reliability of air supply will be maintained and Assumed motor efficiency (%) 94 94energy can also be saved. Calculated pumping efficiency (%) 67.7 77.9After switching off one compressor, load Improvement in efficiency (%) 10.2on other compressors will get somewhatincreased. At least No load power consumption Power saved (kW) 158of one compressor is clearly saved on a Units saved/year (For 24 hrs/day, 220 days/annum) 8,34,240conservative basis. Energy saving potential is Amount saved/year @ ` 2.0/kWh (Lakh) 16.7computed below: Investment required (` Lakh) 8.48Motor Rating = 140 kWAverage Power Consumption: Payback period (months) 6.0ELECTRICAL INDIA JULY 2015 67

Energy Conservation Actual power consumption of pump operating system to make zero pressure = 107 kW drop across FCV. Difference in power (107MW 84MW) Keeping the FCV fully open, flow was = 23.0 kW controlled by adjusting the scoop position (scoop control). The scoop position was Units saved per year = 1,82,160 kWh reduced from 79 to 72% keeping the FCV (For 24 hrs/day and 330 days/year fully open (DP across FCV zero). Efficiency operation) was observed to increase from 61.8% to Amount Saved/[email protected]/kWh 66.5%. Details are presented below: = Rs. 3.64 Lakhs Parameters Before Improvement After Improvement Voltage (kV) 6.66 6.65 Load current (A) 276 244 Power factor 0.94 0.93 Input power (kW) 2,993 2,613 Load (%) 81 70 Flow (T/hr) 360 335Preparation in Progress for Water Flow Rate Suction/ Discharge pressure (kg/cm2, g) 7.0/170 7.1/170Measurement... Scoop position (%) 79% 72%Case Study 3 (Hydro Power Plant) Feed water density (kg/m3) 0.909 0.90 Cooling water pumps are provided forgenerator cooling in Hydro power plant. Calculated head 1793 1810Design capacity of the pumps is given below: Feed water flow (TPH) 360 335 Pump output (kW) 1,758 1,6511 Motor Rating 150 kW Input power to the motor (kW) 2,993 2,6132 Rated Head 60 m3 Rated Flow 600 m3/hr Calculated overall pumping efficiency (%) 58.7 63.2 Assumed motor efficiency (%) 95 95 Measurements were taken as mentioned Calculated pumping efficiency (%) 61.8 66.5below: Improvement in efficiency (%) 4.71 Motors Input Power 107 kW Power saved (kW) 3802 Measured Flow 360 m3/hr Units saved/year (24 hrs/day and 220 days/year) 20,06,4003 Measured Head 68 m Amount saved/year @ ` 2.0/kWh (` Lakh) 40.124 Computed Pump Efficiency 62.3% Investment required NilValves were throttled at user end and Investment Required = 4.0 Lakhs Case Study 5 (Fertilizer Plant) Payback period = 13.1 monthsflow was found 40% lower than the design Boiler house of a fertilizer plant has 12 bowl mills. Depending on requirements, 9 orcapacity. Hence, it was clear that pumps were 10 mills are kept in operation. The plant has two crushers and normally one is kept inof oversized design. Therefore, it was Case Study 4 (Thermal Power Plant) operation. Parameters measured for crushers are tabulated below:recommended to replace the existing pumps Two Boiler Feed Pumps rated 3500 kW each are kept in operation to meet feedwith lower sized pumps as per the actual water requirement of 210 MW thermal power plant. The boiler drum level isrequirement having specification given below: controlled by controlling feed water flow by maintaining Differential Pressure acrossFlow : 360 m3/hr Feed Control Valve (FCV) and scoop control is being done by maintaining fixedHead : 60 m differential pressure of 5 to 7 kg/cm2 across Drive Motor SEC Feed Control Valve. After analysing the Rating (kW) (kWh/T)Pump Efficiency : 70% system, initiative was taken to change the Crusher-1 225 1.0 Crusher-2 225 0.26Motor Rating : 110 kWEnergy Efficiency calculations are givenbelow:Power consumption for new pump Power consumption and coal crushed by each crusher were measured to evaluate the= 84.0 kW68 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Energy Conservationspecific power consumption. Observation made are: Conclusions• Specific energy consumption of Crusher-2 was found very low The audit of five process flow equipment, presented in this paper, have resulted in identification of saving potential of nearly 3450 MWh• Huge amount of coal rejection observed at mill end. per year at a cumulative investment of only about 30 lakhs.Hence, the whole system was analysed to identify the problem. In other words, the specific Âper unitÊ cost for saving electrical energy is only about Rs. 0.85 per unit against per unit electricity priceLarger size coal at mill inlet was observed. This suggested non- of nearly Rs. 5. This study thus clearly highlights the significant electrical energy savings potential existing in the country for motorizedoptimal functioning of the coal crusher and/or damage to its outlet fluid handling equipment such as pumps and air compressors.screen. Hence, checking of Crusher-2 and its outlet screen was Dr G S Grewalsuggested. Damage was found on the outlet screen, as a consequence Deputy Director & Head (Mechanical & Insulating Materialsof which large sized lumps of coal were being passed through to the Division), Electrical Research & Development Association,coal mill instead of being recirculated back into the crusher. Repairs Vadodarato the outlet screen were suggested. Further, the practice of checking Bhavesh Vasiyanicoal fineness at outlet of both the crushers before supplying into mills BE (Electrical) and M.Tech. (Energy Management), Electrical Researchwas suggested. This exercise will reduce the power consumption by & Development Association, Vadodaramills, reduce mill rejection and also mills will require less maintenance.Considering at least 5% reduction in power consumption of mills,the energy saving potential is computed below:Average power consumption of mill = 169 kWPower saving potential @ 5% = 8.45 kWPower saving potential for 9 mills = 76.0 kWUnits saved = 2,09,760 kWh(24 hrs/day, 115 days/year crusher-2 operation)Saving potential @Rs.3.00/kWh = Rs. 6.29 LakhApprox. investment required = Rs. 2.00 LakhPay back period = 3.8 months70 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



ProtectionDiscrete Wavelet Transform Based DifferentialProtection for Power TransformersTransformers are a critical and expensive equipment in the power system network. They function as a node toconnect two different voltage levels. Hence, the availability of their service is vital in maintaining the continuouspower supply to consumers. Since many decades, differential protection provides the best overall protection for apower transformer to protect against faults...In this article a wavelet transform based currents and distinguish from other type of these objectives, an efficient fault detection differential protection scheme for three faults such as internal and external short method will help the electric utilities enhance phase power transformers has been circuit faults. the availability of generation and T&D.presented. The proposed technique useswavelet transforms for characterization of The functioning of power transformer is Differential Protectiondifferent transients, which will aid in the crucial to maintain uninterrupted supply to thedevelopment of a novel differential protection consumers. Hence proper detection of fault Traditionally, differential protection forscheme for power transformers. helps in isolation of the defective transformer, power transformers has been used for and thereby avoiding unnecessary outages decades. The principle of differential protection The results of wavelet based differential and instability of the power system and scheme is one simple technique. Theprotection reveal for identification of inrush ensures good power quality. To accomplish differential relay compares the primary current72 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA

Protectionand secondary current of power transformer, selected such that mother wavelets form an Wavelet technique, a time-scale domainthe differential current due to disbalance found orthonormal basis. The orthonormal basis approach is applied to detect the magnetizingin primary and secondary currents will actuate satisfies if a0 = 2 and b0 =1. inrush and short circuit faults by comparingthe relay to trip the breaker, thereby isolate the The implementation of the DWT with a filter with normal operation of power transformer.faulty system. The schematic diagram of bank is effective for analysing the information of The signal obtained from the CTs of powerdifferential protection for power transformer is the signals. The DWT is computed by analysing transformer is passed through a low pass andshown in Fig. 1. the signal at different frequency bands with a high pass filter to obtain approximate different resolutions by coefficients and detail coefficients respectively. decomposing the The structure of the proposed DWT based signal into coarse differential protection scheme used for approxi- mation and detecting faults and classifying different detailed information. transients is shown in Fig. 2. The fault detection Using this technique is summarised as below step by step any wavelet such as • Step 1: Obtain the primary current and Haar, Daubechies, secondary current signals from the Symlets Coiflets and terminals of Current Transformers (CTs) Bior 4.4 etc., can be • Step 2: Apply DWT for the current signalsFig. 1: Connection diagram of differential protection for power transformer... implemented. obtained in step 1 and calculation of The selection of differential currentDiscrete Wavelet transform (DWT) mother wavelet is an important role as it • Step 3: Identify the fault throughThe Wavelet Transform has been introduced enhances the performance of fault detection interpretation of detailed waveletin place of Fourier analysis and received scheme, and the process leads to an accurate coefficients of differential currentconsiderable interest in fields such as acoustics, fault classification thereby protecting • Step 4: Distinguish between a magnetisingvoice communications and seismic etc. and transformer from faults. In order to select the current, internal short circuit current,this technique is a powerful mathematical tool most capable mother wavelet, different mother external short circuit current and normalfor signal analysis and can be used for wide wavelets such as Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, operation current.range of applications such as signal processing, Coiflets and Bior 4.4 waveletdata compression, speech recognition, wave have been considered andpropagation and pattern recognition. In recent compared. Bior 4.4 is simplystudy, wavelet transform has been implemented chosen since it gives a morefor fault detection in power system equipment accurate result in detecting lowthat use wavelet transforms and this technique amplitude, short duration, fastis efficient in fault detection of power system decaying transients and minimumcomponents. Wavelet transform has a special error during the magnetizingfeature, which translates the time-amplitude inrush condition.representation of a signal to time-frequencyrepresentation that is encapsulated as a set of Proposed diff.protectionwavelet coefficients. The wavelet transforms scheme using DWTcan be analysed using Continuous Wavelet The DWT technique hasTransforms (CWT) and Discrete Wavelet been proposed for differentialTransforms (DWT). protection of power transformers.In this article a discrete wavelet transform The wavelet decompositionis used for fault detection because of technique analyses the transientimproved resolution, less computational time signal which characterises the Fig. 2: Structure of proposed differential protection scheme...and memory required to calculate the wavelet condition of the component. Thecoefficients. The DWT is defined as follows: primary current and secondary currents of Simulation, Results and Discussions/DWT (f,m,n) = 1 3 - na0m b0) /a0m] (2) power transformer A power system network, with a three a0m are measured phase transformer and a load, is shown in f (k) W [(k through Current Figure 3. is simulated using MATLAB/ k=-3 where a0 and b0 are fixed constants with Transformers (CTs) are used for signal SIMULINK software. Table 1 presents thea0 > 1, b0 > 1 and m, n are positive integer analysis such as normal operation, parameters associated with the powervariables. The values of a0 and b0 are magnetising inrush and short circuit faults. transformer.ELECTRICAL INDIA JULY 2015 73

Protection entire in rush transient period whereas in DWT localsation can be observed in 600th sample which corresponds to 0.12 sec, which is the time of enerziation of power transformer. The currentFig. 3: Single line diagram for the simulation model... signal obtained from the CTs Fig. 4(d): DWT of normal current at secondary side... of power transformer andThe power transformer is simulated forvarious types of transients. The primary andsecondary currents are measured and thediscrete wavelet analysis is performed onsignals obtained. The simulation is carried outfor 0.2 sec and the data is captured for10-cycles. Fig. 4 (e): DWT of differential normal current... The output currents from both Fig. 5(c): DWT of inrush current at primary side...S.No. Parameter Rated Value primary and secondary side CTs are1 Rated Power 250MVA analysed for comparison with other2 Primary Voltage 735KV conditions like internal and external3 Secondary Voltage 315KV faults in the system. During normal4 Rated Frequency 50Hz operation, there is no malfunctioning of the transformer and hence the wavelet5 Magnetization Resistance (Rm) 500pu decomposed output signal is a straight Fig. 5(d): DWT of inrush current at secondary6 Magnetization Reactance (Lm) 500pu line. The current signal obtained from side...Table 1: Transformer Parameters... the CTs of power transformer and DWT analysis for normal operating conditionNormal Operation are as shown in Fig. 4 (a) to 4 (e).Fig. 4(a): Normal current entering at primary side... Magnetising Inrush Fig. 5(e): DWT of differential inrush currents... When a power transformer is energised, it DWT analysis for magnetising inrush condition generates inrush current, the magnitude of are as shown in Fig 5 (a) to 5 (e). The DWT this current will be 1 to 2 % of rated current. coefficients are lower compared to other This type of transient may cause unnecessary transients such as magnetising inrush current tripping of transformer. In time domain signal and external fault which enables the restrain analysis, it can be observed spikes during the relay to operate.Fig. 4(b): Normal current leaving the secondary Fig. 5(a): Inrush current entering at primary side... Internal Faultside... Fig. 5(b): Inrush current leaving the secondary Short circuits in transformers results inFig. 4(c): DWT of normal current at primary side ... side... currents of high magnitude. The detection of short circuit fault is essential and requires fast action by protective relay to de-energize transformer, otherwise this leads to extreme mechanical stress of core and coil assembly. The simulation was carried out for 0.2 sec. The short circuit fault is set to occur at instants 0.12 sec and cleared at 0.14 sec that is the total fault time is 0.02 sec. The peak primary current is measured for an internal short circuit74 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Protectionfault is 1000 A. The spikes can be observed at External Fault signal obtained from the CTs of powerthe short circuit time and there is a differential transformer and DWT analysis for externalcurrent and DWT coefficients are high External faults are system faults that fault are as shown in Fig 7 (a) to 7 (e). Thecompared to other transients such as occur outside the transformer differential DWT coefficients are lower compared tomagnetising inrush current and external fault, protection zone. The external fault event also internal fault, hence DWT based relaywhich enable the relay to operate. The current appears to be localised and DWT coefficients performs correctly and remains stable as thesignal obtained from the CTs of power at fault time are higher than their values conventional scheme does.transformer and DWT analysis for internal fault beyond or before this time. The fault existenceare as shown in Fig. 6 (a) to 6 (e). timing is 0.12 sec to 0.14 sec. The fault Conclusions selected for analysis is LL-G fault. The currentFig. 6(a): Internal fault current entering at This article presented a new schemeprimary side... Fig. 7(a): External fault current entering at based on discrete wavelet transform primary side... differential protection of power transformer.Fig. 6(b): Internal fault current leaving the The wavelet decomposition breaks up signalsecondary side... Fig. 7(b): External fault current leaving the into both time and frequency, allowing for a secondary side... complete and efficient description of signal. This information is very important in detecting the fault. It is observed from the coefficients that fault is seen to be localised. The wavelet transform is applied to normal operation, magnetising inrush currents, internal fault condition and external fault condition. It is also concluded from the obtained results that this technique is better in characterisation and discrimination of faults. Application of wavelet transforms for differential protection scheme of transformer protection enhances the drawbacks arising in conventional differential protection method as fault localisation and characterisation is very precise.Fig. 6(c): DWT of Internal fault current at Fig. 7(c): DWT of external fault current atPrimary side... Primary side... Narri Yadaiah Professor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering & Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering, Kukatpally (Autonomous) HyderabadFig. 6(d): DWT of Internal fault current at Fig. 7(d): DWT of external fault current atsecondary side... secondary side...Fig. 6(e): DWT of differential internal fault Fig. 7(e): DWT of differential external fault Nagireddy Ravi Assistant Divisional Engineer,current... current... Telangana State Power Generation Corporation Ltd, Telangana76 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Event Report 7th ELASIA Concluded Forging Technology PartnershipsThe exhibition focused on bringing awareness on latest developments in power generation, distribution and utilisation and technological developments in the electrical industry...T his time ELASIA 2015 essayed a unique „Think about The exhibition was inaugurated by VIDYA THAKUR, Hon. Minister Electricity Think about Future‰ value proposition during the for Consumer Grievances, Govt. of Maharashtra in the presence of a course of the 4-day event followed by 1-day technical host of sponsors and EMA representatives from Maharashtra. It wasconference on the subject „Empowering IndiaÊs Energy Innovation held on an area of 82,000 Sq. Ft., and hosted 270 stalls. With aroundand Investments.‰ 13500 visitors, the exhibition is expected to guarantee INR 220 crores worth of business. It received a good support through The event, 7th ELASIA 2015 Exhibition, organised by Triune partnership from different firms, namely: Co-partner ABB India Ltd.,Exhibitors Pvt. Ltd., a well known organiser of exhibitions, was held Associate Partners Eaton Power Quality Pvt. Ltd. / Mitsubishiat Bombay Exhibition Centre (BEC) in Mumbai from 29th May to 1st Electric India Pvt. Ltd. / Exide Industries Ltd. / IIGM Pvt. Ltd. EAEJune 2015. Elektrik / Greaves Cotton Ltd. The four-day expo turned out to be one of the IndiaÊs largest ELASIA-2015 was also supported by NSIC (National Small Industries Corporation), COSMA (Control Switchgear andV Thakur and others during inauguration of ELASIA 2015... Manufacturing Association), EMA (Electrical Merchant Association of Maharashtra) & Poona Electric & Electronics Association Pune. The exhibition focused on bringing awareness on latest developments in power generation, distribution and utilisation and technological development in the electrical industry to the doorstep of the practicing technocrats as well as the common man. ELASIA-2015 provided opportunities for visitors to forge technology partnerships, close business deals and assess vendorsÊ capabilities. ELASIA-2015 concluded on a positive note with the valedictory and award distribution function on 1st June 2015. The award winners were: Best stall: M/s. ABB India Ltd., 2nd Best stall: M/s. IIGM Pvt. Ltd. EAE- Elektrik, 3rd Best stall: M/s. SocomecElectrical India's stall in the event Visitors are collecting information at Curious visitors are gathering – ready for the show... Electrical India’s stall… ideas through interaction...gathering of professionals from the fields of power transmission & Innovative Power Solutions, Consolation (1) Kohler Indiadistribution, electricity and lighting. Corporation Pvt. Ltd., (2) HPL Electric & Power Pvt. Ltd.78 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Event ReportCWST-Expo 2015 Built An Organised Avenue For StakeholdersThe 13th edition of TRAFOSEM-2015 conference, organised jointly by ITMA and CPRI in association with BRANDSCOPE EXHIBITIONS, was held along with the show…Between fourth to sixth June 2015, Hall 2 of Bombay Exhibition audience, it provided sophisticated- technical information on the and Convention Centre buzzed with the latest innovation, products and services that the exhibitors had to offer. The expo is technology and novelty as the first edition of Coil Winding, one of its kinds and remains unparalleled. The exhibition served asStamping & Transformer Manufacturing Exhibition was concluded a platform and an important gateway to the companies to access thethere amidst great fervour and aplomb. Indian market. Entrance to the venue of CWST 2015... Inauguration of the 13th edition of TRAFOSEM-2015... The event consisted of three days of exhibition and one-dayconference. The synchronous events ensured effective cross- CWST-Expo was aimed specifically at Coil Winding Machines,pollination of ideas owing to the mutual synergies. Coils, Carbon Brushes, Winding Wires, Tapes and Electrical It had more than 50 exhibitors and a remarkably more than 1900 Insulation, Software Testing, Magnetic Core, Commutators, Testingquality visitors from across the globe. The CWST-Expo2015 was Equipments,Power Transformers, Distribution Transformers, Autoexceptional, since it offered an organised avenue for all the industry Transformers, Furnace Transformers and allied products. Thestakeholders to come together for networking, business expansion show focused towards a quality audience, which included peopleand idea exchanges. from Electrical industry, Consumer electronics manufacturers, It also provided a niche platform to learn and gain knowledge Industrial and Infrastructure sector, Lighting industry, Motorabout the industry for the naïve audience. For the advanced manufacturers, Industrial automation, Trade associations, State power distribution companies, Government officials from Power A view of Electrical India's stall in CWST 2015... Industry and many more. The 13th edition of TRAFOSEM-2015 conference, organised jointly by ITMA & CPRI and in association with BRANDSCOPE EXHIBITIONS, was held alongside with the show on June 05, 2015 in Hall-2C. The conference was inaugurated by PiyushGoyal- HonÊble Minister of State with Independent Charge for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. The theme of the conference ÂModernisation of Global Transformer Technology For Use in Indian Power Scenario,Ê provided an appropriate platform for the Transformer Manufacturers to interact directly with the government officials and to solve their long awaited issues. The synergy between the Exhibition and the Conference ensured perfect platform for all connected with the subject of power.80 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA







Statistics $// ,1',$ ,167$//(' &$3$&,7< ,1 0: 2) 32:(5 67$7,216 (As on 31.05.2015) (UTILITIES) Ownership/ Modewise breakup SectorRegion Thermal Nuclear Hydro RES * Grand Total Gas Diesel (MNRE) Coal Total 7052.55 26020.81 2313.00 651.06 21331.80 State 15438.00 2879.20 0.00 18317.20 0.00 8066.23 6505.80 24030.79 108.00 0.00 12513.00 0.00 17431.78 71383.40Northern Region Private 12405.00 5480.50 0.00 30165.51 Central 12000.50 2344.06 0.00 14344.56 1620.00 447.00 7156.86 50629.85 1520.00 311.19 18631.60 Sub Total 39843.50 5331.26 0.00 45174.76 1620.00 7447.50 12483.85 99426.96 11398.03 26972.20 State 21380.00 2993.82 0.00 24373.82 0.00 0.00 24016.21 4388.00 0.00 37699.00 0.00 0.00 12795.04 14069.58Western Region Private 33311.00 0.00 65057.99 Central 11738.01 3533.59 0.00 15271.60 1840.00 11398.03 473.45 10534.03 3168.92 14643.75 8849.65 Sub Total 66429.01 10915.41 0.00 77344.42 1840.00 99.00 13936.69 845.20 0.00 33320.37 State 14182.50 555.70 362.52 15100.72 0.00 4113.12 15117.20 1176.95 382.00Southern Region Private 4770.00 4047.50 554.96 9372.46 0.00 0.00 225.11 33.63 Central 11390.00 860.00 209.27 2052.50 359.58 0.00 11749.58 2320.00 1242.00 3263.08 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 30342.50 4962.78 917.48 36222.76 2320.00 0.00 434.38 45.30 0.00 253.25 5.85 State 7040.00 100.00 0.00 7140.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27482.00 9.13 51.15Eastern Region Private 8541.38 0.00 0.00 8541.38 0.00 2859.00 0.00 94914.80 Central 13001.49 90.00 0.00 13091.49 0.00 11291.43 262.38 104866.99 41632.43 5.25 72721.16 Sub Total 28582.87 190.00 0.00 28772.87 0.00 5.85 272502.95 0.00 State 60.00 445.70 36.00 541.70 0.00 11.10 24.50 0.00 24.50 0.00 1919.31North Eastern Private 0.00 33857.65 0.00Region Central 0.00 1192.50 0.00 1192.50 0.00 35776.96 Sub Total 60.00 1662.70 36.00 1758.70 0.00 State 0.00 0.00 40.05 40.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Islands Private 0.00 Central 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total 0.00 0.00 40.05 40.05 0.00 State 58100.50 6974.42 438.57 65513.49 0.00ALL INDIA Private 59027.38 8568.00 554.96 68150.34 0.00 Central 48130.00 7519.73 0.00 55649.73 5780.00 Total 165257.88 23062.15 993.53 189313.56 5780.00Figures at decimal may not tally due to rounding offAbbreviation:- SHP=Small Hydro Project (” 25 MW), BP=Biomass Power, U&I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power, RES=Renewable Energy SourcesNote : - 1.RES include SHP, BP, U&I, Solar and Wind Energy. Installed capacity in respect of RES (MNER) as on 31.03.2015 (As per latest information available with MNRE) *Break up of RES all India as on 31.03.2015 is given below (in MW) : Small Wind Power BM Power/Cogen. Bio-Power Solar Power Total Hydro Power Waste to Energy Capacity 4055.36 23444.00 4418.55 115.08 3743.97 35776.96Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt. Of India Now SUBSCRIBE/RENEW Online Just Log on: www.electricalindia.in84 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA







Product AvenueFLIR Systems offers flexible coil clamp metersFLIR Systems has obstacles to achieve the readings in poorly lit locations and in deep, rolled out CM55/57 most accurate measurements crowded cabinets.Flexible Clamp Meters and readings, adding up toand the TA72/74 3000A AC current for multiple „FLIRÊs new flexible clamp meters wereUniversal Flex Current conductor measurements. designed to add safety and convenience toProbe Accessories Both products are available electrical inspections, making it easier to takedesigned for electrical in 10‰ flexible coil lengths for measurements around multiple conductors,applications. Made with easy maneuverability and crowded panels, tight switch gears, large busnarrow, flexible coil compact convenience, or 18‰ bars, and wire bundles,‰ said Rickard Lindvall,clamps, these new flexible coil lengths for larger Vice Presidentand General Manager of FLIRÊstools allow electricians and multiple conductor Instruments segment. „Those who already ownto take accurate measurements in tight, measurements, double-wrap requirements, a clamp meter but want the same flexibility ofawkward spots that are difficult to access with and deeper access. the CM55 or CM57 can pair most DMMs anda traditional hard-jaw clamp meters. Portable, lightweight, and ruggedly built clamp meters with a TA72 or TA74 probe to withstand a 3 metre drop, the CM55/57 accessory for easy inspection & navigation.‰ The CM55/57 Flexible Clamp Metres and and TA72/74 also provide bright, dual LEDTA72/74 Universal Flex Current Probe work lights for illumination when taking Website:Accessories can easily snake around www.flir.com.hk/flexigus presents new ideas in energy supplyIn machinery and equipment construction, upper and lower shell, which when clipped trouble-free maintenance and inspection of as well as in medical and automotive together is completely enclosed. Due to the cables is possible. igus also provides anindustries, corrugated hoses are an integral simple and reusable opening mechanism, a additional tool with which the hose can bepart of the energy supply system. Cologne- opened and closed quickly.based igus GmbH presents an entirely newidea: the e-skin. This easy-to-open hose can By virtue of the construction method andbe self-supporting contrast to comparable the high flexibility, the e-skin can be used in aproducts, and can even be used in the clean variety of industries - from machine tools androom for short unsupported lengths. Existing medical technology through to sophisticatedcorrugated hose systems can obtain a more electronics manufacturing.defined movement with the new snap-one-shell. The e-skin is a hose consisting of an Website: www.igus.inISA offers test systems ISA presents a smart, new and breakthrough • Variable output frequency: 15 to 500 Hz technologically advanced test system STS 5000, • Power dissipation factor test with the optional especially designed to test all current, voltage and power transformers. STS 5000 becomes an excellent module TD 5000 (voltage up to 12 kV) and accurate Capacitance/Tan Delta measurement • 2000 V AC high-pot test test set with TD 5000 module. STS 5000 & TD 5000 • Large graphic display is the best tool for commissioning and maintaining • Advanced Test & Data Management Software for activities in MV and HV substations. Main features of STS 5000 & TD 5000 test set control, results storage and analysis • Fully automatic • USB interface and Ethernet interface for PC • Primary injection testing capabilities: up to 800 connection or up to 3000 A, with the optional module BUX • Compact and lightweight 3000 Website: www.isatest.com88 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Product AvenueNeptune offers intelligent PFC systemsPower Factor so that to comprehensively understand Correction or harmonics, voltage flicker, Voltage fluctuation (Sags & Spikes), power factor issues duringReactive Power various load cycles of plant / office and their impact. Based on these inputs, theCompenation forms a company offers Intelligent PFC Systems with appropriate Detuning / Tuning Reactorssmall but very switched through Contactors or Real Time Thyristor-based switching. Possibility ofimportant part of Hybrid System is also worked out, which is combination of Contactor based and RealElectrical scheme of Time TSM based. Balanced or Unbalanced (Phase to Phase) Compensation Systemsany Electrical are offered as per type of loads.network, which source Addition to PFC if harmonic mitigation is required combination of P.F. Correction plusits supply from Banks at load sides or mains. Thus, the Power Active Filter is offered again in hybrid model. Factor shall be improved, but depending on The systems are intelligent with GSM modem,electrical utility the type and characteristics of load of the data logging and various communication system, if it is not designed properly, it can options for reporting and analysis.c o m p a n y. I t s Thyristor Switched Real interact with network to generate resonance condition and other negative impacts. Website:inadequacy in any Time PFC System with Therefore, it is imperative to follow certain www.neptuneindia.com guidelines for design of Power Factorform can result in Detuned or Tuned Correction System to prevent resonance Harmonic Reactor condition in order to avoid operationalpower losses, voltage problems and damage to capacitors.drop, increase in peak demand, unutilized Neptune offers high quality Power Quality Studies for short durations, 24 hours to manytransformer and cable capacity. Moreover, days by high end waveform and PQ recorderswith most of the electricity companies billingin KVAH units, there are direct losses interms of higher units if power factor ofinstallation is maintained below unity.Most common methods of improvingpower factor is to install Power CapacitorAFL offers Al Coil Bracket AFL has introduced easy to assemble and ships in a box single fusion splices. Easy to maintain and an aluminium coil preventing damage to the unit. Furthermore, re-enter, the enclosure is light-weight and bracket for splice the bracket now includes banding slots added mounts to many types of structures. The enclosures including its to the vertical body extrusion portion of the SB01 enclosure can store up to 25 feet of Opti-Guard and SB01 unit for more versatility in the attachment buffer tubes with 144 fibre splice capacity. products. The aluminium schemes to the structures. The aluminium Manufactured of iron and steel, this enclosure coil bracket is much coil bracket supports AFLÊs SB01 and Opti- is weather and bullet-resistant. lighter, making it easier Guard splice enclosures and stores extra to ship and install. The lengths of ADSS or OPGW. The Opti-Guard Website:new bracket consists of three-pieces. It is splice enclosure accommodates up to 504 www.AFLglobal.comCBS Arcsafe rolls out a new HPC switchCBS ArcSafe, a allows technicians to existing electrical equipment. It is compatible manufacturer of remote remotely charge, close, and/ with all styles of General Electric Type HPCs.racking and switching or trip the switches from a Typical applications of these switches includesolutions for low- and safe distance while remaining main service, feeder and branch circuitmedium-voltage switchgear, stationed outside the arc- disconnects, as well as both transformer andintroduces its remote switch flash boundary. large motor disconnects.actuator for General ElectricType HPC (High Pressure Contact) Switches. Installation and operation Website:The new CBS ArcSafe RSA-73A actuator of the CBS ArcSafe RSA-73A is quick, simple, www.CBSArcSafe.com and does not require any modifications to the90 JULY 2015 ELECTRICAL INDIA



Index to Advertisers Company Name Page No.Companies covered in this issue Allied power Solutions 86 Apar Industries Ltd 45Company Name Page No. Automation 2015 82 Cargill India Pvt Ltd. 49ABB India....................................................................................................... 78 Central Power Research Institute 79Eaton Power Quality........................................................................................ 78 Chuan Shun Electric Company (India)Pvt. Ltd. 70Mitsubishi Electric India.................................................................................. 78 Danish Ltd 85Exide Industries.............................................................................................. 78 E I Dupont India Pvt Ltd 33EAE Elektrik.................................................................................................... 78 Electrical Research & Development Association 23Greaves Cotton...............................................................................................78 Electromech 63Socomec Innovative Power Solutions..............................................................78 Epcos India Pvt Ltd 69Kohler India Corporation................................................................................. 78 Finolex Cables Ltd 19HPL Electric & Power......................................................................................78 FLIR Systems India Pvt Ltd 5Michigan Manufacturing International..............................................................22 Goliya Instruments Pvt Ltd 91FLIR Systems................................................................................................. 88 Gupta Power Infrastructure Ltd 13igus GmbH..................................................................................................... 88 Havells India Ltd 21Neptune India................................................................................................. 90 Igus India Pvt Ltd 89ISA Advance Instruments (I)........................................................................... 88 ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd 51AFL................................................................................................................ 90 Itest Solutions Pvt Ltd 55CBS ArcSafe.................................................................................................. 90 Jindal Electric & Machinery Corp 91Juwi India Renewable Energies................................................................. 10, 20 Larsen & Toubro Ltd IFCWindStream Energy Technologies................................................................... 12 M&I Material India Pvt Ltd 25Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Construction.............................................................. 14 Madhura International 81Waaree Energies.............................................................................................16 Meccalte India Pvt Ltd 77Inter tek........................................................................................................... 14 Megger Ltd 15, 94Tata Power......................................................................................................16 MPP Technologies Pvt Ltd 62Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)......................................................... 16 Mersen India Pvt Ltd 7Yingli Green Energy Americas......................................................................... 18 Mysore Thermo Electric Pvt Ltd 71Orascom Construction (OC)............................................................................20 Neptune India Ltd 75Siemens AG................................................................................................... 20 Newtech Electricals 91JA Solar Holdings Co..................................................................................... 20 Next Gen Equipment Pvt Ltd 17Royal Electricals............................................................................................. 46 Nuernberg Messe India Pvt Ltd - ACREX 2016 41 OMICRON Energy Solutions Pvt Ltd 29 Progressive Engineers 37 Ravin Cables Ltd 9 Riello PCI India Pvt Ltd 11 SCOPE T&M Pvt Ltd 93 Shirdi Sai Electricals Ltd 81 Suresh Enterprises 92 Synthesis Winding Technologies Pvt Ltd 87 The Motwane Mfg Co Pvt Ltd BC TTP Technologies Pvt Ltd 61 Titan Company Ltd 83 Veto Switchgear & Cables Pvt Ltd 59 Vikarsh Stampings India Pvt Ltd IBC Yokogawa India Ltd 65