["\u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m th\u1eddi Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 t\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed9 nung ch\u01b0a cao l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i, b\u00ecnh, v\u00f2, v\u1ea1i, m\u00e2m b\u1ed3ng, c\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n cao, b\u00e1t \u0111\u0129a... Ki\u1ec3u hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea1ch ch\u00ecm c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng hoa v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5m th\u01b0a xen gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef S ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. 49","S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean tuy l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf G\u00f2 B\u00f4ng (x\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Tam N\u00f4ng, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd) cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng thau (g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc). Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng x\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean* v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. *\t C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh theo d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n nay, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 2010 n\u0103m. X\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean 50","Do nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng... ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha thay v\u00ec theo d\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. 51","C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, ti\u1ebfp sau Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu, c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng ba ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo t\u00ean di ch\u1ec9 g\u00f2 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu (th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Y\u00ean L\u1ea1c, huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean L\u1ea1c, t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac), nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng trung du v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00ecu, gi\u00e1o, dao phang, dao kh\u1eafc, chu\u00f4i dao, \u0111\u1ee5c, d\u0169a, m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn, m\u0169i t\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e2u, kim, d\u00e2y... c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u0169a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. 52","\u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu kh\u00e1c Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, th\u00e0nh g\u1ed1m d\u00e0y, mi\u1ec7ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng, v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng hoa v\u0103n song song, h\u1eb9p, h\u00ecnh khu\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng trang tr\u00ed \u1edf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng g\u1ed1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. 53","\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n. 54","S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim: t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thi\u1ebfc, ch\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thau. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hay v\u0169 kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng thau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e2u, m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn. 55","C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 s\u0103n b\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 tr\u1eafm v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng, dao, b\u00faa chi\u1ebfn... \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00fa l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 voi, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 r\u1eebng, l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng... H\u1ea1t th\u00f3c c\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea7ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i di t\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa). 56","Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ef7* II, \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a G\u00f2 Mun (l\u1ea5y t\u00ean theo di ch\u1ec9 G\u00f2 Mun \u1edf huy\u1ec7n L\u00e2m Thao t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed3ng thau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n. *\t M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. 57","Hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng thau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n G\u00f2 Mun \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ecfi cung n\u1ecf ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. 58","V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n n\u1eb1m b\u00ean b\u1edd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 (Thanh H\u00f3a) \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean - \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu - G\u00f2 Mun \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ven c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed3i, ch\u00e2n n\u00fai. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ngo\u00e0i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. 59","\u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa, hoa v\u0103n trang tr\u00ed tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y, thu\u1ed5ng, r\u00ecu, cu\u1ed1c, mai... \u0110\u1ed3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u1ea1o, d\u00f9i, \u0111\u0169a, dao kh\u1eafc, r\u00ecu, kim, gi\u1ea5y... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng*, th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, h\u1ed9i l\u00e0ng, ma chay, chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn... K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. *\t Xem ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00eda sau. HI\u1ec6N V\u1eacT THU\u1ed8C V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u0110\u00d4NG S\u01a0N 1.2. L\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng 3. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. 4. Tr\u1ed1ng Minh kh\u00ed (lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf ch\u00f4n theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft). 60","Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng, ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1edf mang di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00faa n\u1ebfp, l\u00faa t\u1ebb, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e0, b\u1ea7u, b\u00ed, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i: na, tr\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ay gai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111an l\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ta c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i gia s\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3, g\u00e0, heo, tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2... Ri\u00eang tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. 61","5. Dao g\u0103m c\u00f3 c\u00e1n h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi 6. Dao g\u0103m c\u00f3 c\u00e1n c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh 7. Dao g\u0103m 8. L\u01b0\u1ee1i ki\u1ebfm 62","HI\u1ec6N V\u1eacT THU\u1ed8C V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u0110\u00d4NG S\u01a0N Mi\u1ebfng che ng\u1ef1c 1. M\u0169i lao 2. M\u0169i t\u00ean 3. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac 4. M\u0169i gi\u00e1o 1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng 2. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. R\u00ecu chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00ecu l\u01b0\u1ee1i x\u00e9o (h\u00ecnh dao x\u00e9n, h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh b\u00faa, h\u00ecnh b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n...), r\u00ecu l\u01b0\u1ee1i x\u00f2e c\u00e2n, r\u00ecu h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, r\u00ecu h\u00ecnh dao phang. Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh b\u00fap \u0111a, h\u00ecnh l\u00e1 m\u00eda, h\u00ecnh thoi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 \u1edf hai b\u00ean s\u1ed1ng, h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfm... M\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00e1nh \u00e9n, h\u00ecnh lao c\u00f3 h\u1ecdng hay c\u00f3 chu\u00f4i, lo\u1ea1i ba c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 chu\u00f4i d\u00e0i. Dao g\u0103m c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh l\u00e1 tre \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1c b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hay chu\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m che ng\u1ef1c vu\u00f4ng hay ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i... 63","HI\u1ec6N V\u1eacT THU\u1ed8C V\u0102N H\u00d3A \u0110\u00d4NG S\u01a0N 1. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00fa 2. C\u00e1n dao g\u0103m 3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f5ng nhau C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00fa nh\u01b0 c\u00f3c, h\u1ed5, chim, g\u00e0, ch\u00f3, voi... C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng tay, nh\u1eabn, hoa tai, \u0111ai l\u01b0ng, bao tay, bao ch\u00e2n... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ec7t, ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ed9c, ngh\u1ec1 da, ngh\u1ec1 s\u01a1n, ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 trai \u1ed1c... \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n. 64","Do \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a trang, \u0111ua thuy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e2m tr\u00e2u, t\u1ee5c gi\u00e3 c\u1ed1i, d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9t t\u1ebf sinh, th\u1edd r\u1ed3ng r\u1eafn... nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed3ng chi\u00eang, s\u00eanh, ph\u00e1ch, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, b\u1ea7u kh\u00e8n... 65","N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt s\u1eaft nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1c, mai, b\u00faa, ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ee5c, dao... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi: Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh do vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. 66","67","Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 50 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1eeb L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. 68","C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i, T\u00e0y, N\u00f9ng... c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc da s\u00e1ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng, t\u00f3c \u0111en, th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i th\u1ea5p, nam kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1,60m v\u00e0 n\u1eef 1,50m. \u0110\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn, m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb9t. 69","C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 B\u2019ru, V\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u, Chu Ru, BaNa, S\u00ea\u0110\u0103ng, \u00ca\u0110\u00ea, Giarai, M'n\u00f4ng, Xti\u00eang, C\u01a1Ho... tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Indonedien. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1edbc, da ng\u0103m \u0111en, t\u00f3c u\u1ed1n l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, m\u00f4i d\u00e0y, h\u00e0m tr\u00ean v\u1ea9u, m\u0169i r\u1ed9ng, s\u1ed1ng m\u0169i g\u1eaby. 70","C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Nam Trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nam b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Ch\u0103m, Kh\u01a1Me... c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c trung b\u00ecnh, da ng\u0103m, t\u00f3c xo\u0103n \u0111en... 71","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, Trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh h\u01a1i th\u1ea5p b\u00e9, nam cao trung b\u00ecnh 1,60m; n\u1eef cao trung b\u00ecnh 1,50m; t\u00f3c \u0111en v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng, da s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam da c\u00e0ng s\u1eabm h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn, m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb9t l\u1eafm. 72","C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i anh em m\u00e0 ra. D\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao hay \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n hay h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda B\u1eafc hay t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1eafn b\u00f3, s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh b\u00ean nhau trong l\u00f2ng T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e2n y\u00eau. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. 73","","75","","B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ed2 C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ecaA \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u00d3 TR\u1ed0NG \u0110\u1ed2NG \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Paris n\u0103m 1889. H\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m \u0111i qua, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01b0u t\u1eadp tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 140 chi\u1ebfc. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1eeb S\u01a1n La, Lai Ch\u00e2u, Cao B\u1eb1ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n... \u0111\u1ebfn Thanh H\u00f3a, Ngh\u1ec7 An, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u... v\u00e0o t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o xa x\u00f4i Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Indonesia, Th\u00e1i Lan, Malaysia... Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I*. *\t T\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 I, II l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n I, l\u1ea7n II... \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. 77","Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0, s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ed3ng thau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng thau v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta - Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 \u1edf th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a \u1ea5y. 78","Hoa v\u0103n tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t, tang v\u00e0 th\u00e2n tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. M\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 thu nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m tr\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh. \u1ede c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1, Mi\u1ebfu M\u00f4n, S\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0... l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao 14 c\u00e1nh. \u1ede c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng Khai H\u00f3a, B\u1ea3n Th\u00f4m l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao 16 c\u00e1nh. Ng\u00f4i sao 12 c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng L\u00e0ng V\u1ea1c I, ng\u00f4i sao 10 c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng L\u00e0ng V\u1ea1c II, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00fa, B\u00ecnh Ph\u00fa... v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao 8 c\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3ng X\u01b0\u01a1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Kh\u00ea... Chung quanh ng\u00f4i sao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u0103ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh theo ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Ng\u00f4i sao ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. 79","Chim bay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chim tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 18 con v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 4 con. 16 con chim bay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1..., 6 con bay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i..., 4 con bay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng N\u00fai G\u00f4i, Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 II... M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 - m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u201cCon R\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e1u Ti\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0110\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u01b0\u1eddng. 80","H\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u01a1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I g\u1ed3m hai nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m 10 con ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhau. H\u00ecnh b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed3i Ro, L\u00e0ng V\u1ea1c I, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhau \u1edf hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tang tr\u1ed1ng. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 4 con. Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fa Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110a B\u00fat, Th\u00f4n M\u1ed1ng... H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh xen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con chim \u0111ang bay, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. 81","Ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y binh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 qua nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 d\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung, m\u0169i v\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i r\u1eafn cong l\u00ean, ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc theo h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u chim. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 l\u00f4ng chim c\u1ea7m d\u00f9i g\u00f5 tr\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee7y binh \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ea7n c\u1ea7m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o, r\u00ecu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y binh \u0111\u00e1nh xa c\u1ea7m cung. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed3i Ro, h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cong nh\u1eb9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n \u0111ang thong th\u1ea3 ch\u1ea3i d\u1ea7m, v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. 82","Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eebng t\u1ed1p v\u0169 c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 4, 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 v\u1ea1t d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 l\u00f4ng chim, tay c\u1ea7m kh\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m r\u00ecu chi\u1ebfn, gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay tay x\u00f2e ra, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba m\u00faa, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i qua tr\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb tr\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb kh\u00e8n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed5ng cho nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng. T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00faa th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n. 83","M\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1i cong v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n m\u00e1i tr\u00f2n. H\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1i tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eafn ph\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1i cong, c\u00f3 hai m\u00e1i cong l\u00ean nh\u01b0 hai m\u0169i m\u1ed9t con thuy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3c nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh hai con chim. \u1ede gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea1ch ngang nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e8o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng - s\u1eaft. V\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, Thi\u1ec7u D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng M\u00e3. 84","Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n cho ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. Chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u00f4ng v\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh, l\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i chim, d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng xung quanh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u0169 c\u00f4ng. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng lau cao h\u01a1n l\u00f4ng chim. V\u00e1y cho\u00e0ng d\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u00f4ng chim. D\u00f9 l\u00f4ng v\u0169, b\u00f4ng lau trong nh\u1eefng trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng l\u00f4ng ng\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef5 Ch\u00e2u, b\u00f4ng lao l\u00e0m \u00e1o cho Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00f3ng... ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng v\u0169 l\u00e0m \u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e0y \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 85","Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c c\u1eaft x\u00f5a ngang vai cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1eabn nam gi\u1edbi. Ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ecdc L\u0169 I, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed3i Ro (H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh) ho\u1eb7c t\u00fam sau \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3 d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i V\u0169 (Nam H\u00e0). C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u trang ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 duy th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t d\u1ecdc hai b\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9. 86","Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng tam gi\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef S xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111u\u00f4i nhau trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u hoa v\u0103n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean - s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thau. C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. 87","Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c kh\u00ed thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 g\u00f5, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u mong m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3 h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00e8, \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m, ma chay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc tr\u1ed1ng da. 88","Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u00f9y t\u00e1ng. V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, trong nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0ng V\u1ea1c (Ngh\u1ec7 An), Vi\u1ec7t Kh\u00ea (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng) cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00f4n theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o, lao, r\u00ecu \u0111\u1ed3ng... 89","Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng, kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1eadt m\u1eabu. V\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p ong, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u1edbi hai m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u1eaft tr\u1ed1ng ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nhau c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft t\u00edch tr\u00ean tang tr\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed1t cho v\u1eadt m\u1eabu ch\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n. Khu\u00f4n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 (\u0111\u1eadu r\u00f3t) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1ed1ng. H\u1ee3p kim s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng - ch\u00ec - thi\u1ebfc v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 12000C. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. 90","Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb 2.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft, trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trang tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Thanh H\u00f3a... m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0: Paris, London, Th\u00e1i Lan, Indonesia... \u00c2m vang gi\u00f2n gi\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m T\u1ea7n, H\u00e1n, Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng, M\u00e3n Thanh... c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t vang v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao qu\u00ed trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t. 91","92","S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 PH\u00c2N K\u1ef2 THEO KH\u1ea2O C\u1ed4 H\u1eccC \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM 93","S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 THUY\u1ebeT TI\u1ebeN H\u00d3A 94","TH\u01af M\u1ee4C THAM KH\u1ea2O I. PH\u1ea6N NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u1ed4 VI\u1ec6T NAM -\u2002 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, Phan Huy L\u00ea, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ninh - Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1983. -\u2002 C\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n, Di\u1ec7p \u0110\u00ecnh Hoa, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1978. -\u2002 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp IV, Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1974. -\u2002 C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Quy\u1ec1n, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1983. -\u2002 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, Imprimer, V\u0129nh Th\u00e0nh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1928. II. PH\u1ea6N TR\u1ed0NG \u0110\u1ed2NG VI\u1ec6T NAM -\u2002 T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 13\/1974, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1974. -\u2002 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n drums, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1990. 95","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM B\u1eb0NG TRANH T\u1eacP 1 NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u1ed4 VI\u1ec6T NAM Tr\u1ea7n B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean \u0110inh V\u0103n Li\u00ean - B\u00f9i Ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n _____________________ Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: NGUY\u1ec4N MINH NH\u1ef0T Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung: NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1ebe TRU\u1eacT Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: LI\u00caN H\u01af\u01a0NG - C\u00daC H\u01af\u01a0NG Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n: T\u00da UY\u00caN B\u00eca: BI\u00caN TH\u00d9Y S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: \u0110\u00ccNH QU\u00c2N Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: V\u1ea0N H\u1ea0NH _____________________ NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng 7, Qu\u1eadn 3, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (08) 39316289 - 39316211 - 39317849 - 38465596 Fax: (08) 38437450 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nxbtre.com.vn CHI NH\u00c1NH NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba T\u1ea0I H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: S\u1ed1 21, d\u00e3y A11, khu \u0110\u1ea7m Tr\u1ea5u, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, Qu\u1eadn Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (04) 37734544 Fax: (04) 35123395 E-mail: [email protected]","",""]
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