Engineering Post August 2020

ECNEC green lights $6.8 Bn ML-1 upgradation project Executive Committee of will be able to travel at ways Sheikh Rasheed the National Economic 160Km/h and freight trains Ahmed in a video message Council (ECNEC), after approval of the project under the chairmanship said that railway tracks in ofAdviser to Prime Minister Pakistan would be upgraded on Finance and Revenue Dr for the first time after 1861. Abdul Hafeez Shaikh, has He said that this project approved the project of up would significantly decrease gradation of existing Main- inter-city travelling time line-1 (ML-1) and establish- “Lahore to Karachi 7 hours, ment of dry port near Pindi to Lahore 2.5 hours Havelian. and Lahore to Multan 2 The project has been ap- hours. There would be no proved ata reduced cost of railway crossings” he said. US$6.8 Billion. After upgra- at 120Km/h. Moreover this project would dation the passenger trains Federal Minister for Rail- employ 150,000 people

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Stimulating Construction Industry ABAD and ML&C signed MoU As the construction industry taneous decision. is the only industry that DG ML&C Major General Syed generates jobs in million Hasnat Amir spoke out about the and economy in billions, to fur- active participation and consulta- ther stimulate this industry to its tions of ABAD; “ML&C Karachi great realms, Builder and Devel- Region has honoured to be the oper Association of Pakistan has first to divulge unified building signed a Memorandum of Under- regulations in line with proposals stating with Military Lands and of ABAD and building regula- Cantonments (ML&C) Karachi tions of Sindh Building Control region. Authority (SBCA) and Lahore ABAD chairman Mohsin Development Authority (LDA). Sheikhani and ML&C Karachi After being in one window opera- Region director Adil Rafi Sid- tion, no government department diqui at the Cantonment Board of would threaten builders and de- Clifton’s office signed this spon- velopers”. Work to start on 300MW Balakot HydroPower The KP government will The project would be com- start construction of the pleted within seven years with 300MW Balakot Hy- an estimated cost of USD 722 dropower project, largest hy- million e.g. Rs 87 billion. 80 per- dropower project of the province cent of the total amount e.g. 580 during the current fiscal year. million dollars will be provided Provincial Energy Develop- by the Asian Development Bank ment Organization (PEDO) in its while the provincial government 48th meeting approved the ap- will provide rest of expenditures pointment of consultant for initi- from its own resources. ating practical work on this The project on completion will mega power project. It will be help earn 33 million dollars an- completed with the assistance of nually for the national excheq- Asian Development Bank (ADB). uer. 02

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Steps taken by Federal Government to boost industrialization Engineering Post Report Programme. the Industries and Production Divi- These rapidly developing venture A stimulus package has also been sion. with many infrastructure projects The Federal Government has introduced to support businesses Under China-Pakistan Economic especially under the CPEC will taken various steps for boost- and stimulate the national economy. Corridor (CPEC), project of Allama surely help to boost the automobile ing process of industrializa- The federal government is also Iqbal Industrial Zone Faisalabad sector as well as push up the con- tion in the country ahead of massive providing a series of subsidies and has since been inaugurated. struction related allied industries. attack of COVID-19 pandemic. incentives to the industrial sector. Likewise, Hyundai has also Additionally, Economic Coordina- The federal government has an- These included subsidies to the in- launched a joint venture with tion Committee (ECC) has also ap- nounced a special package for the dustry for electricity and gas, ex- Nishat Group in Faisalabad. China proved Rs 50.7 billion package to construction sector during FY 2020 port development package. and Pakistan under a joint venture provide indirect cash flow support while more are under way. This Public Sector Development Pro- have also launched a locally assem- to the Small and Medium Enter- package included amnesty scheme, gramme (PSDP) release process has bled 800cc passenger vehicle hav- prises (SMEs) through pre-paid tax exemptions and Rs 30 billion also been simplified to fund various ing annual production capacity of electricity bills for May-July FY subsidy for Naya Pakistan Housing uplift projects including those of 15000 units. 2020. 03

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 K-Electric to invest over $2 billion to add 2,100MW Chief Executive Officer of Karachi are facing load shed- 2100MW within the next three be 550 MW by summer 2021, and (CEO) Syed Moonis Abdul- ding. Alvi said that with its ef- years. Moonis said the National by summer 2022, an additional lah Alvi while addressing forts KE has reduced Transmission and Dispatch Com- 800 MW as 400 MW through con- the press conference on ‘power sit- Transmission and Distribution pany (NTDC) will evaluate reha- struction of new 220kV Dhabeji uation of Karachi’ at KE office (T&D) losses from 36 percent to bilitation of Jamshoro-KDA Grid, and 400 MW through 2nd said that power utility is making 19 percent, resulting in load-shed Circuits to provide an additional unit of BQPS-III would be added its all-out efforts to resolve the exemption for 77 percent of 300 MW to KE system before to the system. Similarly, by sum- power woes of Karachi. Karachi including all industrial summer 2021. mer 2023, Moonis said further KE is facing a shortfall of up to zones. With the first unit of Bin Qasim 800 MW will be added through 450 MW during the current peak Moreover KE is planning an Power Station-III (BQPS-III) construction of new 500 kV grid to season due to which the residents ambitious investment plan to add coming online, total addition will evacuate power from K2/K3. 04

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 The worst is over, let’s prepare for the bright future In conversation with Engr. Tahir Sultan, Chairman Pakistan Society of Civil Engineers, Chief Executive Firm Decon International (Pvt) Ltd Keeping alive the tradition of will result in circulation of money development sector which includes He urged the government to estab- bringing authentic and first again,\" he added. construction of roads dams etc. The lish construction banks in the hand views of market ex- People with the experience and government should provide incen- country to support the local con- perts for our readers, Engineering seniority of Engr Tahir Sultan have tives for these projects as well struction companies. Moreover he Post had an exclusive interview the ability to observe many under the construction industry highlighted the fact that State with Engr. Tahir Sultan Chairman things from a different per- for optimal outcome\". Bank of Pakistan does not liberally Society of Civil Engineers and spective. During the course Another important aspect allow the companies to provide Chief Executive of Firm Decon In- of the interview Engr Tahir highlighted by Engr. Tahir guarantees in dollars for bidding in ternational (Pvt) Ltd. Sultan, provided some very Sultan is the inability of international tenders. “This cre- Engr Tahir Sultan shared his in- reasonable suggestions for local companies to partici- ates an unreasonable amount of sights about how the market is cop- the government. He said pate in com- hassle for the companies. If it is al- ing with the economic conditions. \"We have seen that p e t i t i v e lowed many local companies will He said \" It is true things are very the government bidding even be able to bid competitively for in- tough right now but everyone is has provided at- in local ten- ternational tenders as well like very hopeful for a revival of the tractive incen- ders. He said construction projects in Africa,” he market by the start of next year\" tives for the that in addi- added. While commenting on the unpre- housing sector for tion to inter- Giving a message to the fellow dictable situation created by the revival of the est rates being countrymen, suffering the brunt of COVID-19 he said. \"Credit should construction in- e x t r e m e l y the COVID-19 induced economic be given where it’s due. The gov- dustry. Right high, banks crunch, he said \"The times are ernment has done a commendable now only the d e m a n d tough for everyone. Everyone is job of controlling the spread of housing sector such a high struggling and not just locally but COVID-19. I believe they also un- is being consid- amount of on a global scale. If anything, derstand the immediate need for ered under c o l l a t - COVID-19 has humbled us and in- the revival of economic activity in construc- eral for creased the realization that we can- the country. In the past few weeks tion indus- p r o v i - not fight with Force Majeure. But the government has signed multi- try. What sion of one cannot deny the fact that now ple hydropower projects in addition they need b i d it is clear as day that things are to approving the construction for to understand is that although bond/guarantees that the local con- starting to get better. Take 2020 as more than half a dozen motorways housing sector is good but it does struction companies are unable to the year of consolidation and plan- in the country. These projects will not have potential to provide as pay. This results in foreign compa- ning so that you arrive at 2021 have very positive effect on the much revenue and employment op- nies winning the contracts for lu- completely prepared,\" he said opti- economy because initiation of work portunities as the infrastructure crative projects like motorways.\" mistically. 05

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Corona Pandemic – Long way to go Mr. Abdul Hameed Sheikh, CEO, Firetech Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd One of the pleasant made shadow over the coun- of Zaireen’s coming back – Sind Province raised voice all and started taking ac- evening sitting in the try without having a clue from Iran are infected by and issued a warning to get tion. While the Medical front of TV and wait- where to go for protection. A COVID 19 and Government ready to face hard situation Front Force fighting at front ing for News at 9 pm. All of very close friend of and ready to have line against this pandemic a sudden a Breaking News mine called at causalities. At this received infection and first started flashing on the TV 4pm in the after- point the central death of a young Doctor was screen about the Coron- noon and asking Government was Coffined at Peshawar, KPK avirus pandemic broke out for help to find out still testing their Province. That was the time in Wuhan city of China. a source who can muscles and was that discovered to general That moment of time was provide 700 Bed acting at low profile position of our National Pre- totally unfamiliar of this Sets (including with sweet slogans paredness against unknown kind of virus, its effects on foam mattress, and not showing enemy. The horrible news life and degree of danger cover sheet, a pil- any rapid prepared- about acute shortage of and how to deal with it. In low and blanket) ness, while the in- Medical Equipment, Venti- the meantime, main bul- should be deliv- t e r n a t i o n a l l y lators, Diagnostic Test Kits letin started and News ered at an emer- pandemic has ef- etc. and the said depart- Reader was enjoying deliv- gency field fected badly in Eu- ment started giving figures ering the seriousness of pan- hospital built rope, UK & USA. A of available equipment’s, demic attack and was overnight in tents very little vision number of existing beds in reporting the hundreds of for COVID 19 pa- was given by the re- hospitals nation vide ready citizen of Wuhan were ef- tients coming from sponsible people in to take the patients and in fected, many of them were abroad. The mate- key positions but the meantime was trying to in serious condition and rials should be de- the rapid emer- import the required equip- numbers of them died and livered at site gence of infection ment from international hundreds in Que. before 2am same causing serious ill- sources. Soon after the Adviser to night by all ness opened a new The so called team of po- Prime Minister for Health means. This kind Pandora box with in litical adviser was intensify- Issues and other Pakistan of panic start initi- the governing corri- ing their personal views Govt. Officials started talk- ated to protect the dor that was ampli- without consulting medical ing lightly about the seri- people from pan- fying the specialist. In short a basket ousness of COVID 19 and demic. is trying to stop all of them incompetency of Govern- full of different ideologies how to protect the measures However, the time that at border to avoid spread of ment officials. In the mean- was thrown in public with from this pandemic. Since was flying like a Canary disease in country. But all time a strange encounter of no direction, COVID 19 ef- that time till now Govt. of Bird flight, started taking a efforts went in vain and such a department was dis- fected patient were pouring Pakistan is unable to give long breath when local news Zaireen’s managed to escape covered which was out of in to hospitals from all over any firm line of action how start pouring information and pandemic started any vision till time and hi- the directions and political to do, what to do, when to do from Taftan (Pakistan – spreading inside the whole jacked the whole situation pundits were scoring for what. A big cloud of terror Iran) Border that the many country. First of all the CM and giving a shut up call to themselves, every morning 06

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 cytological effects, and unknown it’s not about rich & poor but the While Pakistan Govt. tries to pre- return from liberalism. But rather terror was mounting pressure on type of state and related socio-eco- vent the economic collapse, it’s now a tough strategy needs to adopt to public mental health and generated nomic structure also matters. more dependent on Intl. financial avoid social unrest. As of today the negative impact. Now, the question is how shall assistance than ever. The funding Pakistan’s economy has suffered While the Corona virus pandemic state solve social & economic chal- provided by Intl. Monitory Institu- the worst of its life and Govt. issued is changing our reality from indi- lenges? How prepared is the health tions, the overseas Pakistani com- plans are rather smallest or not vidual daily lives to global order. system? Are we ready for the busi- munity and the local banking sector enough to fulfill the requirement of Majority of countries worldwide are ness crises? How to ease the burden and Intl. organizations will con- society at a fast track life structure. going through unexpected socio-eco- of the unemployed? Political leader tribute to develop the economic Seeing this it’s estimated that the nomic crises while trying to tackle must provide answers to the ques- crumbling situation. Pakistan’s anti current year has to be survived the impact of pandemic. Yet the tions. The time has come for Govt. crises plans has shown smallest under this situation and the plan- virus is not only creating new prob- to retreat from their policies of self- possible response to the immediate ners have to rethink their model of lems, new life orders but is also regulated free markets, Govt. con- impacts of the pandemic, and development implemented and to acerbating existing systematic is- trol for the health care issues and doesn’t provide answers to mid and review for the new strategy to bring sues. privatize social relations. Yet the long terms challenges of the econ- development procedure back on The current situation facing na- crucial question is how the Govt. omy. The large and small medium track. tional level and international stage come back? What kind of order has enterprises has been entered in The industrial sector at every the pandemic has changed the life to be established? While the special such a big financial problem while level has suffered enough irrecover- style and yet more changes to come. advisors to the Govt. are almost they are trying to cover the losses able losses and looking towards Million has been locked down due to failed to handle the situation and occurred to their operation, and lia- empty hands of Govt. to compen- state of emergencies often without start resigning from the positions to bilities should be paid uncondition- sate and show the path of prosper- income and facing hunger chal- cover up their failures and left the ally. The current response is either ity and the way of living in post lenges. Health & economic well- nation in the same situation of dif- little or small to give a full coverage corona era standing in the middle of being have been set on the opposite ficulties from where they started to this pandemic disaster. Rethink- International stage. A country like sides of national dilemma. While entering in the Covid-19 era. Devel- ing the current development model Pakistan which is not a developed the situation in countries of devel- opment solidarity and wealth dis- has not started yet as preventing stream nor under develop being a oped nations might achieved a bal- tribution requires a new concept the worst has become a moto for middle stage economic player have ance between both ends. There is no and to restart the development pro- prevention. The existing order suffered enough process and it will policy declared for the developing cedural issues by Govt. in order to small steps of supporting the poor- take longer time to recover and the countries to tackle this problem. Yet concentrate on daily life of people. est of the country can’t be seen as a nation have a long way to go. Pakistan emerging as Major Player in Artificial Intelligence ProfDr M Iqbal Choudhary, artificial intelligence among the valuable skills in the IT, and in- users. Artificial Intelligence is the coordinator general, COM- youth of Pakistan.The COM- creasing IT exports. During an most promising field in the next STECH, bordered by senior STECH organizing exhibition on event organized at COMSTECH, generation information technology officials from the Ministry of Sci- Artificial Intelligence and IoT he further said that this national that will boost the national econ- ence and Technology and Telecom- Products and Services.Pakistan is exhibition will be a unique plat- omy in several areas, and enhance munication about youth,AI and emerging as a major global partic- form for innovators, technology de- exports to many crinkles.Around IoT for Pakistan will stand-in in- ipant in AI technology by aligning velopers,and service providers, the globe, countries are maneuver- terest in science, technology, inno- with the global future demands, who are keen to share experience ing to take maximum benefit from vation and popularize the field of training its human resource with and professional skills with end the AI. 07

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Wind energy requiring specialized attention in Pakistan According to estimates Pak- generation capacity at that time. or apparatus for research and ments of the wind-energy poten- istan has the potential to According to various studies development in the field of tials for possible wind farm generate 120 GW of en- the minimum forecasted wind-power engineering. Unde- sites. A minimum 1 year period ergy using Wind. Although the amount of power generated pendable grid connection capac- of wind measurements are re- government has set targets for through wind energy by 2030 is ity, poor manufacturing quired including wind speed its Alternative Energy Develop- 50·6 GW which is 42 percent of facilities and transport services preferably recorded at hub ment Board (AEDB) to install the wind power generation po- also lack the required efficiency. height, speed-frequency distri- wind power plants having a tential. Another major issue is the the bution etc ; with the associated combined capacity of 9.7 GW by But still there are no degree lack or absence of reliable wind degree of uncertainty typically 2030; that is 5 percent of the awarding institutes in Pakistan speed data for the country ranging from 5–15% which we total planned national power- with the specialised laboratories which prevents realistic assess- do not have at the moment. 08



ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Delayed payments to the local contractors is paving the way for expensive foreign contractors at SSGC Sui Southern Gas in serious deterioration in knowledge required by the projects but SSGC is still last year and will cost the Company (SSGC) performance. Moreover company. Market experts not clearing dues of the company a penalty of Rs25 has always been in appointments on key posts are of the opinion that contractors even after billion by the regulator. the news for the wrong on the basis of political af- SSGC can only flourish if years have passed. This The company has consis- reasons. The company re- filiations have largely con- the right people are given discouraging behavior can tently failed to reduce the sponsible for the distribu- tributed to the decline in the opportunity to run the potentially push out the levels of UFG which is tion and transmission of the company’s perform- company sincerely. local contractors from the costing the national ex- gas in the southern region ance. According to sources According to sources market altogether leaving chequer billion of rupees of Pakistan has been SSGC is hiring people the accounts of the com- only foreign companies in every year. cursed by poor and politi- from the market who lack pany have not been final- play. Senior experts of the en- cally motivated manage- the required expertise for ized since 2017. The local Then there is the issue gineering community be- ment at the top levels instance expertise related contractors who had of the ever increasing lev- lieve that the woes of causing a number of seri- to gas distribution are not worked on the LNG proj- els of unaccounted-for-gas SSGC can only be reduced ous issues. available in the open mar- ects are still waiting for (UFG). SSGC closed the when the right people are SSGC has been operat- ket, therefore, there is a clearance of dues by the previous fiscal year sitting at the decision ing without a permanent higher probability that the SSGC. No objections have FY2019-2020 18% UFG making positions of the managing director since newly hired people will been raised by SSGC or level, which was two per- company without political 2016 which has resulted lack the qualification and anyone else regarding the centage points higher than inclinations. ECNEC approved 4 projects worth Rs. 289 billion The Executive Committee of the National khyber agency to khyber pass economic corri- the future trade thru gwadar with central Pak- Economic Council (ECNEC) approved 4 dor. Land acquisition for sukkur-hyderabad istan.” projects related to road infrastructure motorway has already been nearly completed While referring to the development in north- development worth Rs. 289 billion. After the at a cost of Rs. 24 billion. Now the ECNEC ap- ern areas he said “Swat motorway extension meeting Federal Minister for Planning, Devel- proval of building motorway thru BOT struc- will run from chakdara thru saidu sharif/min- opment, Reforms and Special Initiatives Asad ture at an estimated cost of Rs. 165 billion (has gora, matta, khawazakhela all the way to Umer took to social media to discuss the re- been) given today.” fatehpur. This will help open up the economic cently approved projects. While talking about the M-8 project recently and tourism potential of this beautiful region. He said ”These (Projects) included sukkur- approved by ECNEC he said “The hoshab- The khyber pass economic corridor project ex- hyderabad motorway, hoshab-awaran-khuzdar awaran segment of M 8 motorway will further tension will link the peshawar-torkham mo- section of M 8, swat expressway chakdara to enhance connectivity of Balochistan, and play torway with N 55 at badabher and further fatehpur section and addition of linkage of an important role in providing connectivity to linking N 5 between chamkani and jhagra.” 10



ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Development in Bio photonics Engr. Muhammad Nawaz Iqbal Bio photonics can likewise be de- the photoelectric impact in the nineteenth, don't while CRTs, plasma screens, and nat- picted as the turn of events and in 1905. Optics devices in- rely upon quantum ural light-emanating diode shows pro- use of optical procedures, espe- corporate the refracting properties of light. Pho- duce their own light, fluid precious cially imaging, to the investigation of focal point, the reflecting tonics ordinarily utilizes stone showcases (LCDs) like TFT organic particles, cells and tissue. One mirror, and different opti- semiconductor-based screens require a backdrop illumina- of the principle advantages of utilizing cal segments and instru- light sources, for exam- tion of either cool cathode fluorescent the optical procedures which make up ments created all through ple, light-discharging lights or, all the more frequently today, bio photonics is that they protect the the fifteenth to nineteenth diodes (LEDs), super lu- LEDs. Ongoing bio photonics research trustworthiness of the natural cells hundreds of years. Key minescent diodes, and has made new applications for clinical being inspected. Photonics is firmly precepts of traditional op- lasers. Other light diagnostics and treatments including identified with optics. Old style optics tics, for example, Huygens sources incorporate sin- liquids, cells, and tissues. These ad- since quite a while ago went before the Principle, created in the gle photon sources, fluo- vances are permitting researchers and revelation that light is quantized, seventeenth century, Maxwell's Equa- rescent lights, cathode beam tubes doctors open doors for unrivaled, non- when Albert Einstein broadly clarified tions and the wave conditions, created (CRTs), and plasma screens. Note that intrusive diagnostics for vascular and 12

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ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Continued from page 12 which decreases work expenses and unfortunate tissue, bringing about less example through acousto-optic modu- preparing time. Besides, these optical time on the surgical table and higher lators (AOM, AOTF) into 1 or up to 8 blood stream, just as instruments for imaging advances can be utilized dur- patient recuperation. \"Utilizing dielec- distinct frequencies. Run of the mill better assessment of skin sores. ing customary surgeries to decide the trophoretic microarray gadgets, providers for this innovation was NKT Notwithstanding new demonstrative limits of injuries to guarantee that the nanoparticles and DNA biomarkers Photonics or Fianium. As of late NKT instruments, the progressions in bio sum of the sick tissue is expelled. This were quickly disconnected and focused Photonics purchased Fianium, re- photonics research have given new is cultivated by uncovering nanoparti- onto explicit tiny areas where they maining the significant provider of the photo thermal, photodynamic, and tis- cles that have been colored with a flu- were effortlessly recognized by epiflu- super continuum innovation available. sue treatments. Among optical proce- orescing substance to the adequate orescent microscopy. Many propelled Cleared sources are intended to per- dures, a developing imaging light photons. Nanoparticles that are applications in bio photonics require sistently change ('clear') transmitted innovation dependent on laser filter- functionalized with fluorescent colors independently selectable light at vari- light recurrence in time. They com- ing, the optical intelligence tomogra- and marker proteins will gather in a ous frequencies. As an outcome a pro- monly persistently hover through a phy or OCT imaging is viewed as a picked tissue type. At the point when gression of new laser advancements pre-characterized scope of frequencies helpful instrument to separate solid the particles are presented to frequen- has been presented, which at present (e.g., 800 +/ - 50 nm). Cleared sources from harmful skin tissue”. The data is cies of light that compare to the fluo- searches for exact wording. The most in the terahertz system have been il- promptly available and disposes of the rescent color, the undesirable tissue normally utilized phrasing are super lustrated. A run of the mill utilization requirement for skin extraction. This sparkles. This takes into account the continuum lasers, which produce no- of cleared sources in bio photonics is likewise wipes out the requirement for going to specialist to rapidly outwardly ticeable light over a wide range at the optical intelligibility tomography the skin tests to be handled in a lab distinguish limits among sound and same time. This light is then sifted for (OCT) imaging. 14

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ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Electric Vehicles Global market data, news and trends under the microscope By Mr. Umair Nabeel, Renewable Energy and Environment Entrepreneur Following on from lowed up with gains Produc- been de- existing production has brought with it. the July 2020 too but sluggish. Nine tion and l i v e r i n g and assembly facilities National governments article, the sec- countries crossed the f i n a n c e their EVs to EVs only, the Asian need to focus on this ond part of this series 100,000 EVs on the are key to Chi- subcontinent, ASEAN industry, it’s a syner- puts the EV industry road benchmark factors, as nese con- and APAC region has gistic win win scenario under the microscope, which is a very prom- with any s u m e r s the potential to be- for all stakeholders. a breakdown of indus- ising number. These industry. a l r e a d y come the biggest EV International financ- try data which would are 100,000 families With the c o u p l e d market, which in turn ing institutions have allow the readers to in nine countries w o r l d ’ s with local serves both our cli- dedicated funds allo- develop a perspective, each. I’ll let the read- leader in O E M ’ s mate change ambi- cated for such initia- an inclusive one. But ers put this into per- EVs , and our tions/targets and act tives which can be before that, let’s begin spective and develop T e s l a household as a catalyst for qual- broadly described as from where we con- various scenarios, ap- h a v i n g a u t o m o - ity jobs creation espe- infrastructure related cluded the last article, plication based completed their Giga biles manufacturers cially given the funding. ADB has re- some fun and interest- around their neigh- factory 3 in China in shifting to China or covid-19 pandemic cently been involved ing news. borhoods. record time and has dedicating one of their and the devastation it in one such project Australia, one of with the Indian gov- the fastest growing ernment which in- countries when it volves a time bound comes to renewable complete road map for energy and mind you, the installation and innovative too. supply of solar and Though not quite in storage systems, EVs the top tier when it and electric charging comes to EVs, it didn’t stations. Moreover, stop a family run pub Germany is leading in countryside Aus- the way in Europe. tralia, who saw the Chancellor Merkel presence of a decent just recently an- number of EVs in nounced additional their neighborhood as government measures an opportunity. Not to incentivize con- just a business oppor- sumers to buy or tunity but one to keep switch to EVs. This the community more was part of the eco- closely knitted to- nomic recovery/stimu- gether and on top of lus package she that, lead the way recently announced on when it comes to inno- account of covid-19, vation. So now they with an estimated have their own EV €2.2bn in subsidies. recharging station, The structure/bench- making use of the mark for this starts off space they had out- with a €6,000 sub- side the pub. It’s pow- sidy/cash incentive for ered by a roof top every EV which costs solar and storage sys- up to €40,000 which a tem. Now local people consumer buys. Fol- and families leave lowed up with contri- their cars plugged in butions from the to the EV charging manufacturer as, this point whilst they dine number could reach and get together at approximately €9,000. their local pub. And A further sales tax re- the pub owners have duction from 19% to found a source of ad- 16% puts the cherry ditional revenue. on the cake. So, where are these Concluding this ar- 7.2 million EVs? One ticle, I’ll share a few does ask themselves interesting facts this question. Citing about EVs, from a “IEA Global EV Out- consumer’s view look 2020” report pub- point: lished recently, a n EVs on one full breakdown of the data charge can travel a shows two particular distance of approxi- EV giants, China and mately 300-330miles, EU (as a bloc com- this of course will bined). China regis- vary slightly from tered another year of country to country biggest leaps in terms based on the terrain of sale, year on year and local conditions. with an accumulated Just like with conven- figure of 3.35 million tional cars. (BEV+PHEV). Then n EVs can power it’s the EU, combined our homes, pilot proj- bloc which registered ects already under- an accumulated fig- way at various islands ure of 1.75 million across the world. Just (BEV+PHEV). The like a typical solar United States fol- and storage system. 16

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ENGINEERING POST August-2020 How Great Companie By Engr. Mohammad Iqbal In the eye of Rosabeth complishing societal pur- great companies do poses and providing not only look after its meaning for those who financial interest. What work in them, which can- they do is: Keep a bal- not be calculated only in ance between financial terms of profits or pay- gains and institutional checks. Their criteria is building, creating an human values instead of alignment instead of extracting more profits. subordinating to finan- The organizational cial interests. There has changes made are used been no utopian condi- as framework to reach tions in any sphere of life decisions. bailed out by the govern- in this world, yet condi- The theory-in-practice ment. Announcement of tions can be produced is that firms have a pur- the acquisition was met where a sense of care pose, as institutions in by a dramatic protest: and happiness can exist. society that contribute to 3500 men from Chohung Rosabeth argues: “In meeting the needs of all Bank, members of a order to carry out its ac- stakeholders through the union that extended into tivities and sustain the goods and services they management, shaved institution, firms require produce, the jobs they their heads and piled the capital, but profit is not create and the quality of hair in front of Shinhan’s an end in itself but work life, how their headquarters in down- rather a means to fur- goods and services im- town Seoul. ther investment in con- pact other aspects or so- Customers are often tinuing returns. This ciety or are used to lost in the turmoil of view of the firm is no provide societal benefits, changes around mergers more idealized than and their financial via- and acquisitions anyway; p r o f i t - m a x i m i z i n g bility to provide returns this widely-reported views”. to investors and capital event was certain to do The leading Compa- for improvements and in- much more damage. nies Create Innovation, novations. Shinhan had to decide Profits, Growth, and So- “In South Korea, after whether to go ahead with cial Good, to derive the Asian financial crisis the acquisition, and propositions about the of the late 1990s, Shin- then, if it did proceed, role of humanistic insti- han Bank set out to ac- how to treat the protes- tutional logic. Institu- quire Chohung Bank, a tors and what to do tional logic holds that much larger and older about Chohung employ- firms are a vehicle for ac- bank that had been 20

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 s think differently – II l Mirza, CEO, Green Leaves ees – whether to retaliate erational information best practices, and ideas against this hostile ac- but would also be explic- were spreading that tion. Shinhan, a rela- itly designed to produce began to make the tively new bank, had social bonding and a feel- branches more similar. been guided by humanis- ing of being “one bank.” Branches of one bank tic values, and those pre- The first retreat involved often displayed a sign for vailed. Shinhan taking 1500 top man- the other bank. Employ- negotiated an agreement agers, the entire top lay- ees were, in essence, self- with the Chohung union ers, to a historic city organizing. By the third that involved deferring where they climbed a year, when formal inte- formal integration for mountain at a famous gration could occur, Shin- three years, providing shrine together and sang han was outperforming equal representation of a company song. Accord- not only the banking in- both Shinhan and ing to a financial logic, dustry in South Korea Chohung managers on a the new Shinhan Finan- but the entire Korean new holding company cial Group was wasting stock market. management committee money and jeopardizing To carry out their ac- and internal committees, shareholder value. Ac- tivities, firms requires and increasing the salary cording to the institu- labor of a knowledgeable of Chohung employees to tional logic Shinhan kind, who are trained, match the higher wages used, these investments committed, and can un- of Shinhan employees. were considered the only derstand what needs to (Shinhan also provided course of action that be done when rules are 3500 caps to cover the would keep the two vague or unspecified. heads of the protestors.) banks running with con- Companies can pass up In short, Shinhan in- tinuity from knowledge- short-term cost-savings creased the cost of the ac- able employees who had in order to motivate per- quisition and appeared ongoing relationships formance, retain and at- to defer returns from it with customers. tract employees and for several years. More- Within 18 months, managers. When part of over, Shinhan decided to Shinhan had retained a coherent strategy, this invest the equivalent of and grown its customer can produce superior fi- tens of millions in U.S. base and neutralized the nancial results in the dollars in a process the protesting union. Al- longer-term”. bank called “emotional though no formal merger The Benefits of Insti- integration” – a series of could occur, Shinhan and tutional Logic retreats and conferences Chohung employees In companies that ad- that would not only were working together here to an institutional spread strategic and op- on task forces discussing logic, executives culti- 21

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 vate relationships with public offi- Companies’ claims that they cials neither as a quid pro quo nor to serve society become credible when push through particular deals. leaders allocate time, talent, and re- Rather, they seek to understand and sources to national or community contribute to the public agenda even projects without seeking immediate as they influence it. For example, returns and when they encourage PepsiCo’s chief global health officer, people from one country to serve an- who came from the World Health other. IBM’s Corporate Service Organization, is planning a cross- Corp, for instance, develops future sector project to reduce childhood leaders by sending diverse teams of obesity. the company’s best talent on month IBM’s CEO, Samuel Palmisano, long projects around the world. The travels around the globe six or attention placed on social needs seven times a year to meet with na- often generates ideas that lead to tional and regional officials, dis- innovations. cussing how IBM can help their For Cemex, operating by institu- countries achieve their goals. This tional logic and considering unmet is not sales or marketing; it’s a high- societal needs produced innovations level conversation to demonstrate such as antibacterial concrete, the company’s commitment to fur- which is particularly important for thering the development of the hospitals and farms; water-resis- countries it operates in. tant concrete, useful in flood-prone Institution building requires the areas; and road surface material de- efforts of many people. The top lead- rived from old tires, desirable in ers are involved in external rela- countries that are building roads tions and involve others and for that rapidly. An idea from Egypt for salt- reward them for building relation- water-resistant concrete, helpful for ships with the nation and commu- harbor and marine applications, be- nity. Although relatively few people came a product launched in the might hold formal responsibility for Philippines. these external interfaces, a great Institution building helps connect many might perform institutional partners across an ecosystem, pro- work by volunteering, attending ducing business model innovation. public meetings, and participating Cemex started Construrama, a dis- in community service. Community tribution program for small hard- building is not a hard sell for people ware stores, in 2001 as a response native to an area or for long-term to competition from Home Depot residents, and Lowe’s, which were then enter- Innovation ing Latin America. Construrama of- Articulating a purpose broader fers the small stores training, than making money can guide support, a strong brand, and easy strategies and actions, open new access to products. sources for innovation, and help In accordance with its values, people express corporate and per- Cemex sought dealers who were sonal values in their everyday work. trusted in their communities, reject- 22

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ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Continued from page 22 Cemex sought dealers who were trusted in their communities, rejecting candidates whose busi- ness tactics didn’t meet the company’s ethics standards; Cemex handles itself the promotion of Construrama brand, but doesn’t charge distribu- tors requiring stores to meet its service stan- dards. Cemex participates in community-building philanthropic endeavors — expanding an orphan- age or improving a school and by the mid-2000s, Construrama had opened enough stores to be- come a large retail chain in Latin America and expanding into other developing countries. Self-Organization Great companies assume they can trust peo- ple and can rely on relationships, not just rules and structures. They are more likely to treat em- ployees as self-¬determining professionals who coordinate and integrate activities by self-orga- nizing and generating new ideas. Institutional logic holds that people are not paycheck-¬hungry shirkers who want to do the bare minimum, nor are they robots that can be ordered to produce high performance. Instead, employees make their own choices about which ideas to surface, how much effort to put into them, and where they might contribute beyond their day jobs. Resource allocation is thus deter- mined not only by formal strategies and budget- ary processes but also by the informal relationships, spontaneous actions, and prefer- ences of people at all levels. Fully understanding a company requires knowledge of its social structure and informal networks, and optimizing performance requires social investments. At Shinhan Bank, the two banks self-¬integrated through social bonds and their head to develop low-cost, high-quality al- malaya team, a global cross-functional group, to relationships well in advance of the three-year ternatives to premium products. They undertook find ways to make Gillette razors affordable and mark when official integration was to take place. this risky initiative on their own and self-orga- desirable to men often bloodied by barbers using The new connections manifested in such actions nized to ensure closer cross-functional teamwork rusty or worn-out blades. as each bank’s voluntarily hanging the other’s and partnerships with customers. They felt that Managers in great companies understand banner in its headquarters. they had an obligation to improve the lives of that formal structures can be too general or too At Procter & Gamble, managers in Brazil consumers who could not afford premium prod- Continued on page 26 turned strategic and organizational traditions on ucts. Similar institutional logic led the P&G Hi- 24



ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Continued from page 24 not go to an IBM office. They work at home or at customer sites, moving between locations and rigid to accommodate multidirectional path- taking vacations at times of their choosing. ways for resource and idea flows. Rigidity stifles IBM’s work-at-home programs, such as the one innovation. Informal, self-organizing, shape- started in Japan in 2001, have caught the atten- changing, and temporary networks are more tion of governments interested in keeping flexible and can make connections between peo- women with technical degrees in the workforce. ple or connect bundles of resources more In some cases, IBM offers allowances to support quickly. infrastructure in the home, which has enabled Employees’ formal roles come to resemble the a Harvard graduate working in India to com- home base from which they are continuously bine project work with child-rearing, for in- mobile as they carry out daily tasks and proj- stance, and a software manager from Egypt to ects, develop work relationships, and partici- move with her husband to Dubai. pate in team or group activities. Matrix Institutional logic assumes that people can be organizations—in which individuals report to trusted to care about the fate of the whole en- two or more bosses depending on the different terprise—not just about their own jobs or pro- dimensions of their tasks—become what I dub motions—and to catalyze improvements and a matrix on steroids. People are accountable innovations without waiting for instructions or along many dimensions simultaneously, attend- sticking to the letter of a job description. Job de- ing to multiple projects and using their net- scriptions nowadays document only part of tions are often the result. Organizations must works to assemble resources for all those what people do; performance reviews and salary encourage the creation of such networks, of projects, often without going through a decision- bands capture only some of the activities course, and facilitate them through communica- ¬making hierarchy. through which people might add the most value tion platforms or meeting spaces, but the net- Although there is a drudgery and confine- for the company. works usually flourish best if they spring from ment component to many jobs—on any given When people self-organize to create networks volunteers who do things that bosses might not day about 40% of IBM employees in the U.S. do to share information, new initiatives or innova- have anticipated. What’s more, these self-orga- nized networks often keep good ideas alive long after an organization would have abandoned them. For example, three PepsiCo managers in Latin America had shared a dream for around a decade of developing new kinds of potatoes that were suitable for southern climates, less starchy, and environmentally sustainable. They felt that the initiative should be based in Peru, the potato’s birthplace. The troika remained in con- tact despite their moving to different locations, and even after years of ho-hum response, they presented their ideas wherever they could. They eventually received a boost when a new Peru- vian potato chip whose creation they champi- oned became a sensation. The chips, which used multicolored potatoes from small farmers in re- mote villages in the Andes, combined nutrition, tastiness, and social contribution. Proof of con- cept turned the dream into reality: In August 2010, CEO Indra Nooyi announced the estab- lishment of a global potato development center in Peru, headed by one of the three champions. Self-organizing communities can be a potent force for change, propelling companies in direc- tions they might not have taken otherwise. Peo- ple with no formal orders serve as explorers and entrepreneurs. For example, had it not been for self-forming networks, IBM might have lagged Continued on page 28 26



ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Continued from page 26 shared ideas in their free time institution building is not the result mitment. through avatars and weekly phone of carrying out specific activities but The great global enterprises are behind or even missed out on two calls, with conference lines some- a coherent, holistic pursuit in which not waiting for grand new theories big business ideas: virtualization times open in the virtual world, too. elements reinforce one another, are or perfect answers. Their leaders al- and green computing. These After a year of informal self-organi- inextricably intertwined, and reflect ready use an institutional or social emerged as among IBM’s top strate- zation, the network found an IBM a logic and leadership style that logic to supplement economic or fi- gic priorities after an Innovation executive sponsor. IBM then desig- permeate the corporation. nancial logic in guiding and growing Jam in July 2006, a web chat span- nated virtualization an emerging Firms presenting themselves as their enterprises. Institutional logic ning several days to which over business opportunity and provided institutions and serving society cannot be captured by cost-benefit 140,000 employees contributed funding for it. My argument has often come under more scrutiny equations or reduced to the lan- ideas. come full circle. A logic that justifies than others do, and they must with- guage of economics, and yet it turns The virtualization initiative came treating employees as self-deter- stand criticism about the gap be- out to be a powerful driver of finan- together outside of formal struc- mining volunteers—in essence, as tween stated aspirations and cial performance. tures and, initially, as a voluntary true professionals who care about performance, financially and so- Leaders in the great companies activity. Some 200 early adopters of high performance because they be- cially. If these companies make can tell a different story about the virtual platforms—such as Linden lieve in the company as institu- money while doing good, they will basis for their decisions. In so doing, Labs’ Second Life and similar plat- tion—makes it important to have a be criticized for manipulation; if they are able to produce new models forms—found each other through motivating purpose and values to they do some good but not enough to for action that can restore confi- the company’s chat rooms and cre- provide coherence and common solve complex problems, they will be dence in business and will change ated an ad hoc group of people who identity. For great global companies, criticized for lack of courage or com- the world in which we live. 28



ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Continue to Constitute a Core Platform for Electric Power and Electrical Industry EP Shanghai 2020 to be scheduled in December at Shanghai “New Infrastructure” has been playing a etc. amid pandemic. The demand and attention of Infrastructure construction to develop next-gener- significant role during the outbreak of new infrastructure construction has soared in- ation information networks, expand 5G applica- COVID-19 since the beginning of this stantly. tions, build electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, year. It serves as a cornerstone of the rapid change China’s Government Work Report at its 2020 promote clean energy vehicles, simulate new con- of lifestyle such as working from home, online edu- Two Sessions Congressional Meeting in May has sumer demands, and assist upgrades in the indus- cation, drone delivery, data tracking, health code made reference to the need for “strengthening new try”. A total of RMB 600 billion of the central government budget will be designated for the “New Infrastructure and New Urbanization Initiatives and Major Projects”. The measure in new infra- structure will focus on seven major sectors - 5G cel- lular networks, ultra-high voltage transmission grids, inter-city high-speed rails, EV charging sta- tions, big data centers, artificial intelligence (AI) and industry internet of things (IoT). These invest- ments help create new business opportunities and drive the economy forward after the lockdown. In response to the country’s initiatives and to seize every business opportunity for the industry, EP Shanghai 2020, jointly organized by China Electricity Council, State Grid Corporation of China and China Southern Power Grids, and co-or- ganized by Adsale Exhibition Services Ltd., will be held from 3-5 December 2020 at Shanghai New In- ternational Expo Centre (Hall N1-N4), PR China under the theme “New Infrastructure, New Tech- nology, New Opportunities”. It is expected the ex- hibition area will be over 55,000sqm and more than 40,000 visitors will visit the show. Positive Recruitment Progress of EP Shanghai 2020 as Epidemic Situation Stabilises in China. Exhibitions in China have rekindled after a few months of effective epidemic containment. China’s foreign trade companies face increasing risks and changelings during the epidemic. Some of them have readjusted their business strategies and stepped up to focus on the domestic market. As the leading electric power and electrical expo, EP Shanghai is always well received by the industry. The exhibitor recruitment progress is going full steam ahead with enthusiastic responses starting from May as work resumption is taking place across China. At present, more than 65% of stands in the Brand Pavilion are reserved, over 400 indus- try-leading brands/enterprises have confirmed their participations, including Schneider, CHINT Electric, CYG, Acrel, Comking, Sojo, Murge, Derui, Hiprecise, Good EP Electrical, Nanyang electric, Dechun Power Electric, etc. In concert with the theme of “New Infrastructure”, “IoT in Electricity / Digital Grid” zone will debut in EP Shanghai 2020. In order to accelerate the combination of online and offline promotions, and to bring more benefits and better business matching to the show’s ex- hibitors and visitors, EP Shanghai 2020 has started a series of new promotional campaigns - webinars that focus on different sectors’ hot topics to main- tain the show visitors loyalty; a new multifunc- tional online exhibition platform with more accurate business matching services for exhibitors and visitors. EP show confirmed to station in Shanghai every year, which is different from the previous on to be held in Beijing and Shanghai rotationally. This year, EP Shanghai will be held from 3-5 December 2020 at Shanghai New International Expo Center (Hall N1-N4), PR China. The show official website is now opened, welcome to browse and pre-register for early-bird privileges. For more information of the fair, please feel free to contact Adsale Exhibition Services Ltd or visit the fair website at www.EPChinaShow.com 30

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ENGINEERING POST August-2020 EnginEEring Mart ENGINEERING POST 32

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 EnginEEring Mart ENGINEERING POST 33

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Three more nuclear power plants under construction in the country Engineering Post Report wali. The site is already home to four operating plants is 1430 MW and about 7,143 million nuclear plants. This unit will be called C-5 and units of electricity was supplied to the national Three more nuclear power plants are it will replicate the design characteristics of grid during July 2019 to end March 2020. under construction in Karachi (Sindh K-2 and K-3. A contract for its construction province) and at Chashma near Mian- has already been signed with China and ex- wali (Punjab province). tensive studies for site evaluation are cur- Two more units with a total output of 2200 rently underway. MW are under construction near Karachi Nu- PAEC has also intensified its activities to clear Power Plant (KANUPP) in Karachi as K- meet the nuclear electricity generation target 2 and K-3. of 8800 MW by the year 2030 set through the First concrete of K-2 was poured on August Federal Government’s Energy Security Plan 20, 2015 and that of K-3 on May 31, 2016. Con- formulated way back in 2005. struction of both these units is in full swing Ample technical and engineering infrastruc- and in the final stages of their completion ture is already in place to support both the ex- with more than half of civil work already in isting and the under construction nuclear place. Functional tests of different modules of power plants. K-2 started in March 2020 as scheduled and PAEC is also planning to develop additional the plant is likely to be connected to the na- sites to house more nuclear power plants in the tional grid by the end of the year 2020. future and probable sites are being identified Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission in the country. These sites are being investi- (PAEC) has also undertaken construction of gated and acquired for development. another nuclear plant at Chashma near Mian- The gross capacity of these five nuclear power 34

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Consultant loungE ENGINEERING POST 35

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Adoption of information and communication technologies Pakistan still needs to push the low ranks Engineering Post Report rising trend in availability of ven- e.g. UAE 25, Malaysia, 27, India livery. In order to address multifar- ture capital is providing a boost in 68, South Africa 60 Turkey 61, ious challenges, intervention The turbulent global economic adoption of technology and innova- Brazil 71, Sri Lanka 84 and through widespread adoption of conditions around the globe tion. Bangladesh 105. technology is a promising ap- are making many countries In this backdrop, according to In spite of having a fairly good proach. As such , Digital Pakistan to re-prioritize their policies the official sources concerned, Pak- skill set of graduates (rank 49) and Initiative launched recently would afresh more aggressively towards istan also needs to improve its a vibrant entrepreneurial culture help in laying a strong foundation technology adoption and innova- productivity growth and conse- (rank 59), Pakistan still needs to in public service delivery. tion for improving productivity quently living standards of its peo- push very strongly on “Adoption of Additionally, Pakistan also needs and living standards of their peo- ple through harnessing ICT” (rank 131 out of 141) through to improve upon its connectivity ple. Information and Communication provision of content on internet in infrastructure, especially broad- New and emerging technologies Technologies (ICT) innovations for local languages and faster mobile band access, as well as make con- such as 5G, Industrial Internet of creation of national wealth. broadband services throughout the certed efforts in talent Things(IIOT) and Artificial Intel- According to the Global Compet- country. adaptability to spur development ligence AI) and Machine Learning itiveness Report 2019, the sources The sources further pointed out of innovative products and services (ML) are at the forefront of this said, Pakistan still ranks very low that challenges of governance using ICTs, thus enabling inclu- new trend commonly known as 4th at 110 even when compared to across various sectors impede de- siveness of all segments of the so- Industrial Revolution (4IR). The emerging and regional economies velopment and public service de- ciety, they added. 36

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Govt to encourage the use of Local Satellites The government is plan- ning to introduce stan- dard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure proper utilization of Pakistani satellites by the local users. This will help to reduce de- pendence on foreign satellites and avoid foreign exchange flows. The ministry of informa- tion technology and telecom has reported to the ECC that national space assets’ utilisa- tion could have generated around $544 million (Rs85 billion) lites and the rest on foreign satel- since 2004 but still has lites. In financial terms, a mini- the potential to gener- mum of $35-40m per year is going ate about $600-700m by out of the country and default of 2030 through effective users of Pakistan satellites has expansion of Paksat slowly piled up to about $22.48m. Satellite services. The All other countries in the region total satellite capacity including India, Bangladesh pro- usage in Pakistan is ap- hibit the use of foreign satellite proximately 2200 MHz systems, thus providing financial out of which 21 per cent protection to their own space pro- is on Pakistani satel- grammes. 37

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Special Economic Zones being established in different parts of the county Engineering Post Report retariat for SEZs and it has so far approved/notified 13 SEZs As many as 13 Special Eco- which are: M3 Industrial City nomic Zones (SEZs) are Faisalabad; Value Addition planned to be established City Faisalabad; Quaid-i-Azam in different parts of the country Apparel Park Sheikhupura ; for accelerating industrial Korangi Creek Industrial progress and development, Park;Bin Qasim SEZ; Khairpur boosting national economy SEZ;Hattar SEZ;Rahim Yar which has been adversely hit by Khan SEZ; Bhalwal Industrial Corona Virus , creating em- Estate; Oil Village SEZ ployment opportunities and Rawalpindi;Rachna Industrial make hopefully substantial con- Park,and; Rashakai SEZ tribution towards elimination of (CPEC). poverty. Fiscal incentives which the Development of Special Eco- federal government has pro- nomic Zones warrant provision vided in the SEZs are one time of basic utilities, liberal incen- custom duties exemption on tives, infrastructure and in- plant and machinery and In- vestor facilitation services, come Tax exemption for 5 years adoption of information and for the developers and one time communication technologies custom duty exemption on plant and modern technologies to en- and machinery and Income Tax hance productivity and reduce exemption for 10 years for cost of doing business for indus- units which have gone into pro- trial and economic development duction by end June 2020 and of the country at large. for 5 years for the units starting Board of Investment as Sec- production thereafter. 38

ENGINEERING POST August-2020 Quaid e Azam business Park to attract investments worth Rs 250 billion After facing many delays on 88 acres (around 5%) and due to COVID-19 Quaid e other commercial areas will be on Azam Business Park was around 10 acres (0.5% of total inaugurated in the 3rd week of land).), July 2020 by Prime Minister Quaid e Azam Business Park Imran Khan. It is located on M-2, has been declared a smart special near Sheikhupura economic zone. The government Sardar Usman Buzdar CM has provided 10 year tax break to Punjab while addressing the cer- the investors. This project, on emony said that a tax relief of 56 completion, will provide employ- billion ru- ment to pees has 250,000 been given skilled and by the PTI unskilled govern- individuals. ment to en- Quaid-e- courage Azam Busi- investors. ness Park, The busi- once com- ness park pleted as is ideally per its en- located. It is a mere 6 KM from visaged master plan and business the nearest railway station, 44 concept, can attract investments KM from the nearest dry port of around Rs 250 billion. (Lahore) and 55 KM from the Experts are of the view that nearest airport (Lahore). A gov- considering the geographic loca- ernment technical and vocational tion, this project can be among training institute exists nearby the top rated business park in Sheikhupura, around 15 Km’s across Punjab. Sheikhupura and away. surrounding areas are already According to the official docu- the hub for industrial settle- ments Industrial Area will take ments which can further add around 1300 acres (70% of land), value an interest for the in- roads and passages will take vestors. Already existing indus- around 411 acres (around 22%), trial activity can help officials to Parks will be spread on around turn this into a successful 48 acres (3% of land), Amenities project. 39

Punjab to produce electricity from human and animal waste T he Punjab Energy Department (PED) produced by Human activities. A recent in the rural areas in line with the vision of is making efforts to generate electric- survey carried out by the Alternative En- the government of increasing the share of ity from organic and inorganic waste ergy Development Board (AEDB), of 12 dif- alternate energy by 5 percent until 2030. ferent landfills has calculated that the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated every day, only from the city of Lahore, can generate up to 2747 GWh elec- tricity annually. The total power genera- tion potential of biogas is 4800-5600 MW. Electricity consumption increased from 76,789 GWh in 2012 to 106,927 GWh in 2018 which resulted in more air pollution in the country. Biomass is considered as an environment-friendly and safe electricity generation source which can significantly reduce pollution and produce clean elec- tricity. Different resources of biomass, in- cluding crop residues and animal dung have the potential to generate bio en- ergy with fewer emissions of greenhouse gases. Currently the highest share of biomass consumption (76 percent) is occupied by the rural household sector of Pakistan which makes up 63 percent of the popula- tion. The government plans to use biomass energy to provide electricity to households