Engineering Post January 2022

ENGINEERING POST January 2022 Gilgit Baltistan Development Package Engineering Post Report and public sector investments During financial year 2020-21, 20 under command and construct with minimal development infra- power generation projects were 400 KM farm to market roads. The Gilgit-Baltistan province structure; and 4) lacks institu- completed. Through Gilgit Development comprising area of 72496 tional capacity due to its In infrastructure sector, 460 Authority and Skardu Develop- square kilometers and pop- nominally autonomous constitu- kilometers shingle roads were ment Authority, public parks, li- ulation of 1.5 million has the po- tional status. constructed, 240 KM shingle braries ,open spaces and tential for developmental Hydro power generation re- roads were upgraded to metalled recreational centres in both investment in hydel energy, min- mained an integral part of An- roads, 45 bridges of all types and largest urban centres of Gilgit- eral and tourism sectors. nual Development Programme of 8 km of irrigation channels were Baltistan were in the process of However, development of Gilgit-Baltistan and to utilize constructed and 7 water purifica- being constructed and larger por- Gilgiit-Baltistan faces four main this potential, the sector remained tion plants were also I tion of physical work had already challenges: 1)a mountainous ter- major recipient of the allocation installed. been completed. In order to ad- rain,making development activi- during 2020-21 and work on re- Gi;git-Baltistan government dress environmental issues, inte- ties difficult;2) contains gional grid in Gilgit-Baltistan has initiated an economic trans- grated approach for drinking and geographically dispersed popula- was in progress. In addition, proj- formation project costing Rs 17 sewerage system had been tion causing high cost of service ects with installed capacity of billion. The project would bring 50 adopted for all district headquar- delivery;3) lags behind in private 198.6 MW have been completed. thousand acres of additional land ters of the province. 51

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ENGINEERING POST January 2022 Sindh is in process of receiving Rs 65316.421 million loans from foreign sources Engineering Post Report process of receiving loans of Rs 65316.421 ect, Widening/Improvements of Sindh Provin- million from foreign sources for implementa- cial Roads besides other projects in agricul- Provincial Government of Sindh is in the tion of its 27 ongoing development projects in ture, education and health sectors. different sectors during financial year 2021- 22. Foreign sources providing financial assis- tance to the provincial government include IDA, Asian Development Bank, Asian Infra- structure Investment Bank, Korea and France. More than one foreign sources are providing financial assistance for one or more development projects. These foreign sources were estimated to provide financial assistance of Rs 53392.430 million during financial year 2020-21 and ac- tually much lesser total amount of Rs 36089.780 million were received in the revised estimates. Some of the development projects being fi- nancially assisted by these foreign sources in- clude Karachi Bus Rapid Transit Facility, Karachi Sustainable Bus Rapid Transit proj- ect, Sindh Provincial Road Improvement proj- 54

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ENGINEERING POST January 2022 Gawadar Airport approved with 550% rise in cost The new Gawadar international istry of planning, developing and by ECNEC for the CDWP for are fol- Balochistan government will make airportapproved at a new 550 special initiatives briefed the lows: (i) PCAA will first execute the sure that the area around the air- percent higher cost by the fed- ECNEC in this regard. The project scope that is essentially required for port has been secured to fulfill the eral government of Pakistan which was recommended at a total cost of operations of the airport and an requirements of International Civil is Rs. 51.298 billion as compared to Rs 51 billion including the foreign equally balanced scope will be initi- Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the previous cost which was Rs. exchange component of Rs 34 billion. ated after the above works have Pakistan National Airfield Clear- 7.675 billion. The executive commit- The financing of the project will be been completed ;(ii) keeping into ac- ance Policy (NACP) and ;(iii) An en- tee of national economic council took to the tune of Rs16.078 billion from cordance their specific areas of juris- ergy plan will be developed and the decision which also forced the PSDP, Rs 750.00 million from diction, PCAA and Gwadar shared by the PCAA within 3 Pakistan civil aviation authorityto PCAA’s own resources, Rs 643.063 Development Authority, the months. organize an energy plan within million from Omani Grant (already three months. received and spent) and Rs 33.827 Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline ProjectThe project was taken into consid- billion (1.520 billion RMB) from Chi- eration by the CDWP in its meeting nese grant. Pakistan and Russia to sign theheld on September 2021. The min- The recommendations approved draft shareholders agreement Pakistan and Russia have de- ing system, however, Pakistan has cided to sign the draft share- shown interest in using their system holders agreement for the $2.5 which would help the business com- billion Pakistan Stream Gas Pipeline munity. Furthermore during the Project (PSGP). meeting the Russian side has also This was decided during the confirmed its interest in supplying three day meeting of the Russ- and after-sales service of the Russian ian-Pakistani Intergovernmen- civil aircraft to the Pakistan’s state- tal Commission on Trade, Economic, owned and private organisations. It Scientific and Technical Cooperation was also agreed that the draft agree- held in Yekaterinburg. Russia has ment between the two countries on in- also agreed to allow import of grains ternational road transport would be and rice from Pakistan. The project finalized. Russian Energy Minister would be implemented through the Nikolai Shulginov has been quoted Russia-government nominated pri- saying. \"The flagship project is the vate entity and government of Pak- construction of the Pakistan Stream istan-owned public entity. Economic gas pipeline from Karachi to Lahore Affairs Minister Omer Ayub Khan, spanning over 1,100 kilometers with while briefing the National Assembly the throughput capability of up to 16 Standing Committee on Economic Af- bln cubic meters per year, which will fairs Division said that Russia is connect LNG ports in Karachi with in- using its own banking system, while dustrial gas consumers in the coun- Pakistan is using the European bank- try’s north.” 57

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ENGINEERING POST January 2022 Sustainable Attributes of Renewable Energy Engr. Dr. Muhammad Nawaz Iqbal Th e sun based without capacity can solutely quickly and abruptly. seen stock requests. Moreover, u t i - be diminished, yet not dis- The absolute closure of wind the capacity of energy to fill the l i z a - patched, other than when na- turbines is unsurprising deficiency irregularity or for tion of ture gives. Among wind and sun through climate estimating. crises can be important for a m o d e s t oriented, sunlight based has a Solar oriented power is more solid force supply. quantities more factor every day cycle than unsurprising than wind power Assessments of the expense of of discon- twist, however is more unsur- and less factor – while there will wind energy might incorporate t i n u o u s prising in sunshine hours than never be any solar based force appraisals of the outer expenses force has wind. Like sun powered, flowing accessible during the evening, of wind fluctuation, or be re- little im- energy changes among on and and there is a decrease in win- stricted to the expense of cre- pact on off pushes as the day pro- ter, the main obscure factors in ation. All electrical plant has matrix ac- gressed, dissimilar to sun ori- anticipating sun based yield costs that are isolated from the tivities. Utilizing bigger meas- ented there is no discontinuity, every day is overcast cover, ice expense of creation, including, ures of irregular force might tides are accessible consistently and snow. Numerous days for instance, the expense of any require overhauls or even an as a matter of course. Wind-ori- straight in certain areas are fundamental bandwidth or save update of the network founda- ented power is a variable asset, generally cloud free, similarly limit if there should be an occur- tion. The infiltration of irregu- and the measure of power deliv- as numerous days straight in ei- rence of loss of producing limit. lar renewables in most force ered at some random point on ther the equivalent or different Many sorts of age, especially matrices is low: worldwide schedule by a given plant will areas are cloudy – prompting non-renewable energy source power age in 2020 was 7% rely upon wind speeds, air moderately high consistency. determined, will likewise have breeze and 3% solar based. At- thickness, and turbine qualities The utilization of irregular cost externalities like contami- tributes of variable renewables (among different components). sources depends on electric nation, ozone depleting sub- incorporate their unusualness, Assuming breeze speed is too force lattices that are painstak- stance discharge, and changeability, little size, their low, the breeze turbines cannot ingly overseen, for example uti- natural surroundings oblitera- low running expenses and the make power, and in case it is too lizing exceptionally tion which are by and large reality they are obliged to a spe- high the turbines should be dispatchable age that can close not straightforwardly repre- cific area. These give a test to closed down to keep away from itself down at whatever point a sented. network administrators, who harm. A breeze ranch has high discontinuous source begins to Practically, as the force yield should ensure market interest specialized dependability when create power, and to effectively from wind shifts, somewhat are coordinated. Arrangements the breeze blows. That is, the startup without notice when the stacked traditional plants, incorporate energy stockpiling, yield at some random time will alternating source quit produc- which are as of now present to request reaction, accessibility of just differ continuously because ing. The limit of a dependable give reaction and hold, change overcapacity and area coupling. of falling breeze speeds or inexhaustible force supply, can their yield to redress. While low More modest frameworks might storms (the last requiring shut be satisfied by the utilization of infiltrations of irregular force be less open minded to undeni- downs). A run of the mill wind reinforcement or additional might utilize existing degrees of able degrees of entrance. Con- ranch is probably not going to framework and innovation, uti- reaction and turning save, the ventional hydroelectricity, need to close down in under lizing blended renewables to bigger generally varieties at biomass and geothermal are to- thirty minutes at the limit, create power over the irregular higher entrances levels will re- tally dispatchable as each has a while an identical measured normal, which might be utilized quire extra saves or different store of likely energy; wind and force station can bomb ab- to meet ordinary and unfore- method for remuneration.



Pakistan aiming for 60% renewable energy by 2030 With the increasing concerns about of Cli- to slow down and possibly reverse it by decreasing pollution is less than one percent but due to its ge- mate change and its destructive effects all carbon emissions and increasing green initiatives. ological location it is one of the countries most af- over the world a global effort is underway Pakistan is also playing a substantial part in fected by climate change. curbing climate change by controlling carbon emis- sions. The major source of carbon emissions is the burning of fossil fuels for production of energy. Pakistan is planning to shift its energy production to renewable sources to ensure that the planet re- mains protected as well. Senator Faisal Javed, while speaking at the session on COP 26 and the Way Ahead-Role of Parliaments in Climate Politics and Implementa- tion of the Paris Agreement at Sustainable Devel- opment Conference titled: Beyond the Pandemic: Leaving no one behind, organized by Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) said that Pakistan plans to inject 60 percent renewables into energy mix in steps and hopes to achieve this goal by 2030. Professor Siegfried from Germany while speaking at the conference suggested that Pakistan needs to think of a hydrogen source to facilitate their country as well as supply to the other European countries Pakistan is already aggressively encouraging tree plantation all across the country. With plans to plant at least 10 Billion trees out of which 1.5 Billion have already been planted. Although the contribution of Pakistan towards environmental