ใบงานชีววิทยา เทอม 2

ใบงานที่ 4.1 เรอื่ ง การถา่ ยทอดลักษณะถว่ั ลนั เตาของเมนเดล คาชแี้ จง : จงทำนำยกำรถำ่ ยทอดลกั ษณะของถ่ัวลนั เตำต่อไปนี้ 1. กำรผสมพันธุ์ถ่ัวลันเตำเมล็ดสีเหลือง กับถั่วลันเตำเมล็ดสีเขียวที่เป็นพันธุ์แท้ทั้งคู่ รุ่น F1 และ F2 จะมี ลกั ษณะจีโนไทปแ์ ละฟโี นไทปอ์ ย่ำงไร ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ถ้ำนำรุ่น F1 ท่ีเกิดจำกกำรผสมพันธุ์ถ่ัวลันเตำฝักสีเขียวกับฝักสีเหลืองท่ีเป็นพันธ์ุแท้ทั้งคู่ มำผสมกับ ถ่วั ลันเตำฝกั สีเหลือง ลูกที่เกดิ มำจะมีจีโนไทป์และฟโี นไทป์อย่ำงไร ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 4.2 เรอ่ื ง กฎการแยกของเมนเดล คาช้ีแจง : ตอบคำถำมเก่ียวกบั กฏกำรแยก กำหนดให้กระต่ำยขนสนี ำ้ ตำลเปน็ ลกั ษณะเด่น (B) และขนสีขำวเป็นลักษณะด้อย (b) ลกู ทเ่ี กิดจำกกำรผสม พันธ์ุระหว่ำงกระต่ำยขนสีน้ำตำลกับขนสีขำว ได้ลูกกระต่ำยขนสีน้ำตำลและสีขำว อัตรำส่วน 1:1 จงตอบ คำถำมตอ่ ไปน้ี 1. จงหำจโี นไทป์ของพ่อ แม่ และลูกทไ่ี ดจ้ ำกกำรผสมพนั ธ์ุ ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ถำ้ นำรุน่ F1 ผสมพันธุ์กนั จงหำจโี นไทป์รุน่ และอตั รำสว่ นของลักษณะเดน่ ต่อลกั ษณะด้อย ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3. ถ้ำนำรนุ่ F1 ที่มขี นสนี ำ้ ตำลผสมพนั ธกุ์ บั กระต่ำยขนสีนำ้ ตำลจะได้ลูกขนสอี ะไร อตั รำสว่ นเท่ำใด ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 4.3 เรอื่ ง กฎการรวมกล่มุ อย่างอสิ ระของเมนเดล คาช้ีแจง : ตอบคำถำมเก่ยี วกบั กฏกำรรวมกลุ่มอยำ่ งอสิ ระของเมนเดล กำหนกให้ สุนัขขนสดี ำ เปน็ ลกั ษณะเด่น แทนด้วย B สนุ ัขขนสขี ำว เปน็ ลกั ษณดอ้ ย แทนด้วย b สุนัขขนยำว เปน็ ลักษณะเด่น แทนดว้ ย L สุนัขขนส้นั เป็นลกั ษณะเด่น แทนด้วย l ในกำรผสมพนั ธุส์ ุนขั ขนยำวสีดำท่ีเป็นพนั ธุแ์ ท้ และสนุ ขั ขนส้ันสขี ำว จงตอบคำถำมตอ่ ไปนี้ 1. จงหำจีโนไทปแ์ ละฟีโนไทปต์ ำ่ ง ๆ ในรนุ่ F1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2. หำกนำลูกรนุ่ F1 ผสมกนั เอง จงหำจีโนไทป์และฟีโนไทปข์ องร่นุ F2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3. หำกนำลูกผสมรนุ่ F1 มำผสมพันธ์ุกบั สุนัขขนสน้ั สีดำท่เี ป็นพันธุแ์ ท้ จะไดจ้ ีโนไทปแ์ ละฟีโนไทปอ์ ย่ำงไร ......................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................ .........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 4.4 เรอื่ ง การถา่ ยทอดลกั ษณะของเส้นผม คาชี้แจง : ทำนำยโอกำสลักษณะเส้นผมของลกู จำกลกั ษณะเสน้ ผมของพ่อและแม่ที่แตกตำ่ งกัน 1. พ่อผมตรงกับแม่ผมหยิก .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2. พอ่ ผมหยักศกกับแม่ผมหยกิ .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .. 3. พอ่ ผมหยกั ศกกบั แม่ผมหยกั ศก .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... ..

ใบงานท่ี 4.5 เรือ่ ง ถา่ ยทอดลักษณะทางพนั ธุกรรมแบบมลั ตเิ พลิ แอลลีล คาชแ้ี จง : ทำนำยโอกำสหม่เู ลอื ดของลูกจำกหมู่เลือดของพอ่ และแม่ 1. พ่อมเี ลือดหมู่ A แบบฮอมอไซกสั กบั แมม่ ีเลือดหมู่ B แบบเฮเทอโรไซกัส .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... . 2. พอ่ มเี ลอื ดหมู่ B แบบฮอมอไซกัส กับแมม่ ีเลือดหมู่ O .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3. พ่อมีเลือดหมู่ B แบบเฮเทอโรไซกัส กบั แมม่ เี ลือดหมู่ AB .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 4.6 เรอื่ ง การถา่ ยทอดลักษณะทางพันธุกรรมท่ีควบคมุ โดยยีนบนโครโมโซมเพศ คาชแี้ จง : ทำนำยโอกำสเกิดโรคทำงพันุกรรมของรนุ่ ลูกตอ่ ไปน้ี 1. พ่อเปน็ โรคฮีโมฟิเลยี แมป่ กตแิ ต่เปน็ พำหะของโรคฮีโมฟิเลีย .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2. พอ่ มีภำวะพรอ่ งเอนไซม์ G-6-PD แมป่ กติ .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 5.1 เรื่อง การคน้ พบสารพนั ธกุ รรม คาช้แี จง : อธบิ ำยกำรค้นพบสำรพนั ธุกรรมของนกั วทิ ยำศำสตรต์ อ่ ไปน้ี ข้อ นักวิทยาศาสตร์ การค้นพบสารพนั ธุกรรม 1. โยฮนั น์ ฟรดี ริช มเิ ชอร์ ........................................................................................................................ 2. โรเบิร์ต ฟอยลแ์ กน ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ 3. เฟรเดอรกิ กรฟิ ฟทิ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 4. ออสวอลด์ ที แอเวอรี ....................................................................................................................... และคณะ ........................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 5.2 เรอ่ื ง โครงสรา้ งและองคป์ ระกอบทางเคมขี องดเี อ็นเอ คาชแี้ จง : ตอบคำถำมเกี่ยวกับโครงสร้ำงและองค์ประกอบทำงเคมีของดีเอ็นเอให้ถูกต้อง 1. จงระบุโครงสร้ำงและลักษณะของโครงสรำ้ งทก่ี ำหนดให้ 1 หมำยเลข 1 คือ ........................................................................... ลกั ษณะ ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... . หมำยเลข 2 คือ ........................................................................... ลกั ษณะ ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... . หมำยเลข 3 คือ ........................................................................... 2 3 ลักษณะ ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... 2. จงอธิบำยลกั ษณะของโครงสร้ำง DNA ทก่ี ำหน.ดให้ ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 5.3 เรือ่ ง การสงั เคราะห์ DNA คาชแ้ี จง : ตอบคำถำมเกีย่ วกบั กำรสังเครำะห์ DNA ต่อไปน้ี 1. กำรสงั เครำะห์ DNA สำยใหม่ 2 สำย จำก DNA แม่แบบเดียวกัน มลี กั ษณะแตกตำ่ งกันอย่ำงไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. . DNA พอลเิ มอเรส 2. จำกภำพที่กำหนดให้ นักเรียนคิดว่ำ DNA สำยใดเป็น สำยนำ และสำยใดเปน็ สำยตำม เพรำะเหตใุ ด .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................................................................... 3. ดเี อน็ เอแม่แบบสำยหน่ึง มีลำดับเบส ดังนี้ 5’ ACGGTGTTCAAATGCCAAAGTTTACCTGGTACCACTTT 3’ 3.1 ลำดับเบสของ DNA ทมี่ กี ำรเข้ำคูก่ ับดเี อน็ เอแม่แบบสำยนี้ มลี ำดับเบสอย่ำงไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3.2 ลำดบั เบสของ DNA ท่มี ีกำรเขำ้ คกู่ ับดเี อน็ เอแมแ่ บบอีกสำยหนงึ่ ทีเ่ ป็นโมเลกุลเดยี วกนั มีลำดับเบสอย่ำงไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 5.4 เรอ่ื ง การสงั เคราะห์ mRNA จาก DNA คาชี้แจง : ตอบคำถำมเกีย่ วกับกำรสงั เครำะห์ mRNA จำก DNA ต่อไปน้ี 1. กำรสงั เครำะห์ mRNA จำก DNA แมแ่ บบ มีกระบวนกำรอยำ่ งไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. กำรสงั เครำะห์ mRNA แตกต่ำงจำกกำรสังเครำะห์ DNA อยำ่ งไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3. จงหำลำดบั เบสของ mRNA จำก DNA แม่แบบ ที่กำหนดให้ 3.1 5’ ACGGTGTTCAAATGCCAAAGTTTACCTGGTACCACTTT 3’ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3.2 5’ CGAGGCTAGGTTCACAATTGATCCCTTAGTGACCTAAG 3’ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4. จงหำลำดับเบสของ DNA แมแ่ บบ จำก mRNA ทก่ี ำหนดให้ 4.1 5’ GCCGUAUUGCCAAUUGGCAGGCCUUAACCGCAUUGC 3’ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4.2 5’ UGCUUGCACGUUGGCCACAUUGCUUAAAGGCCAACC 3’ ..............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 5.5 เรื่อง การสังเคราะห์พอลิเพปไทด์ คาช้แี จง : ตอบคำถำมเก่ยี วกับกำรสงั เครำะห์พอลเิ พปไทด์ตอ่ ไปนี้ 1. กำรสงั เครำะหพ์ อลเิ พปไทด์มกี ระบวนกำรอย่ำงไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. กำหนดให้ DNA แมแ่ บบ มีลำดับเบส ดังตอ่ ไปน้ี 3’ ATCCGCTGGCAATGCCCATGGTTGCCGTTAGCATGGCAACTACGGCATTGGTTGCAACCTTGT 5’ จงตอบคำถำมตอ่ ไปนี้ 2.1 ลำดับโคดอนของ mRNA มลี ำดับอยำ่ งไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.2 ลำดับแอนติโคดอนของ mRNA มีลำดบั อยำ่ งไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2.3 พอลิเพปไทดส์ ำยนม้ี ีกรดอะมโิ นกตี่ ัว และมลี ำดับกรดอะมิโนอยำ่ งไร .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 5.6 เร่ือง การกลายระดบั ยีนจากการแทน่ ทคี่ ู่เบส คาช้ีแจง : ตอบคำถำมเกีย่ วกับกำรกลำยจำกกำรแทนทคี่ เู่ บส กำหนดให้ DNA ปกติ มีลำดบั เบส ดงั นี้ 5’ GTAGGTTGCCGTCAATGGCTAAGGTTTCTCAGTCCATTGGAACCTTAACTTGCA 3’ จงตอบคำถำมตอ่ ไปนี้ 1. หำกเบส G ในตำแหนง่ ท่ี 17 ถกู แทนที่ด้วยเบส A จดั เปน็ กำรกลำยรปู แบบใด และมีกำรเปลี่ยนแปลงของ กรดอะมิโนในสำยพอลเิ พปไทดอ์ ย่ำงไร (ไมค่ ำนงึ ถึงรหัสเริ่มตน้ ) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. หำกเบส C ในตำแหนง่ ท่ี 30 ถกู แทนทด่ี ว้ ยเบส T จดั เปน็ กำรกลำยรปู แบบใด และมกี ำรเปล่ียนแปลงของ กรดอะมิโนในสำยพอลเิ พปไทด์อย่ำงไร (ไมค่ ำนึงถงึ รหัสเร่มิ ตน้ ) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3. หำกเบส G ในตำแหน่งท่ี 40 ถูกแทนทดี่ ว้ ยเบส A จดั เปน็ กำรกลำยรูปแบบใด และมกี ำรเปลี่ยนแปลงของ กรดอะมโิ นในสำยพอลิเพปไทดอ์ ย่ำงไร (ไม่คำนึงถงึ รหสั เริม่ ต้น) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 5.7 เรอื่ ง การกลายระดบั ยีนจากจากการเพม่ิ ขึน้ หรือขาดหายของนิวคลโี อไทด์ คาชแ้ี จง : ตอบคำถำมเกยี่ วกบั กำรกลำยจำกกำรเพิม่ ขึน้ หรือขำดหำยของนวิ คลโี อไทด์ กำหนดให้ DNA ปกติ มลี ำดับเบส ดงั น้ี 3’ GTAGGTTGCCGTCAATGGCTAAGGTTTCTCAGTCCATTGGTTCCTTAACTT 5’ จงตอบคำถำมต่อไปน้ี 1. หำกมีกำรเพ่ิมขึ้นของเบส C ระหว่ำงนิวคลีโอไทด์ตำแหน่งท่ี 5 และ 6 (จำกด้ำน 3’ ของสำย DNA ปกติ) จะมกี ำรเปล่ยี นแปลงของกรดอะมิโนในสำยพอลเิ พปไทดอ์ ย่ำงไร (ไมค่ ำนึงถงึ รหสั เร่ิมต้น) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. หำกมีกำรเพิ่มข้ึนของเบส G ระหว่ำงนิวคลีโอไทด์ตำแหน่งที่ 24 (จำกด้ำน 3’ ของสำย DNA ปกติ) จะมี กำรเปลยี่ นแปลงของกรดอะมโิ นในสำยพอลเิ พปไทด์อยำ่ งไร (ไม่คำนงึ ถึงรหสั เรมิ่ ตน้ ) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3. หำกมีกำรเพ่ิมข้ึนของเบส A ระหว่ำงนิวคลีโอไทด์ตำแหน่งที่ 11 และ 12 (จำกด้ำน 3’ ของสำย DNA ปกติ) และกำรลดลงของเบส C ในวคลีโอไทด์ตำแหน่งท่ี 28 (จำกด้ำน 3’ ของสำย DNA ปกติ)จะมีกำร เปล่ยี นแปลงของกรดอะมโิ นในสำยพอลิเพปไทดอ์ ย่ำงไร (ไมค่ ำนงึ ถงึ รหัสเริม่ ตน้ ) ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 6.1 เร่ือง การโคลนยนี คาชแ้ี จง : อธบิ ำยหลกั กำร ขน้ั ตอน และข้อด/ี ข้อเสยี ของกำรในกำรโคลนยีนตอ่ ไปน้ี 1. กำรโคลนยีนโดยอำศยั พลำสมิดของแบคทเี รยี หลกั กำร ............................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ขั้นตอน ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ข้อดี/ข้อเสีย ......................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. กำรโคลนยีนเทคนิคพอลเิ มอเรสเชนรแี อกชนั หลักกำร ............................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ขนั้ ตอน ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ขอ้ ดี/ขอ้ เสีย ......................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 6.2 เรอ่ื ง การสร้างสิ่งมีชีวติ ดัดแปรพันธุกรรม คาชี้แจง : อธิบำยหลักกำร และขั้นตอนกำรสรำ้ งสิ่งมีชวี ิตดัดแปรพนั ธกุ รรม 1. กำรสรำ้ งพชื ดัดแปรพนั ธุกรรม หลกั กำร ............................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ขน้ั ตอน ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. กำรสร้ำงสตั ว์ดดั แปรพันธุกรรม หลักกำร ............................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ขน้ั ตอน ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 6.3 เรอ่ื ง การประยุกตใ์ ช้ประโยชน์จากเทคโนโลยีทางดเี อน็ เอ คาชีแ้ จง : อธิบำยกำรประยกุ ตใ์ ช้ประโยชนจ์ ำกเทคโนโลยีทำงดเี อ็นเอดำ้ นต่ำง ๆ ต่อไปน้ี 1. เชิงกำรแพทย์และเภสชั กรรม ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2. เชิงนิติวิทยำศำสตร์ ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3. เชิงกำรเกษตร ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4. เชิงส่งิ แวดล้อม ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5. เชิงอุตสำหกรรม ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานท่ี 7.1 เรอื่ ง ความใกล้ชดิ ทางวิวฒั นาการของส่ิงมชี วี ติ คาชแ้ี จง : อธิบำยควำมสมั พันธ์ของสิ่งมชี ีวติ ต่อไปน้จี ำกกำรใช้หลกั ฐำนดำ้ นต่ำง ๆ ต่อไปน้ี 1. จำกโครงที่กำหนดใหต้ อ่ ไปนี้ แขนคน ปกี แมลงปอ ครบี หนำ้ ของวำฬ ปีกคำ้ งคำว ขำแมว ปีกผเี สอ้ื ครีบหลังปลำ ปีกนกเพนกวิน ขำกบ ครีบของฉลำม จงระบุวำ่ โครงสรำ้ งในข้อใดจัดวำ่ มีววิ ฒั นำกำรมำจำกบรรพบุรษุ เดยี วกนั ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. จำกขอ้ มลู กำรศกึ ษำกรดอะมิโนในไซโทโครมซขี องสงิ่ มชี วี ิตตำ่ ง ๆ เปรยี บเทยี บกับของมนษุ ย์ จงเรียงลำดบั ควำมใกลช้ ิดทำงสำยวิวัฒนำกำรของสิ่งมีชีวิตต่ำง ๆ กับมนษุ ย์ สิ่งมีชวี ิต จานวนกรดอะมโิ นท่ีแตกต่างจากมนษุ ย์ หมู 11 19 สิงโตทะเล 23 วำฬ 22 จิงโจ้ 123 23 ทำกทะเล 1 ช้ำง 20 15 ชิมแปนซี โลมำ ตัวนำก

ใบงานที่ 7.2 เร่ือง ววิ ฒั นาการของมนษุ ย์ คาช้แี จง : เรยี งลำดบั กำรเกิดววิ ัฒนำกำรของมนษุ ย์จำกขอ้ มูลทก่ี ำหนดให้ พรอ้ มอธบิ ำยลักษณะสำคญั ของมนษุ ย์ ตำ่ ง ๆ H. erectus H. sapiens neanderthalensis H. habilis Cro-Magnon man A. afarensis ลำดับท่ี 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... ลักษณะสำคัญ.................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ลำดับท่ี 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... ลักษณะสำคญั .................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ลำดับที่ 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... ลักษณะสำคัญ.................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ลำดับที่ 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... ลักษณะสำคัญ.................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ลำดับท่ี 5 ......................................................................................................................................................... ลักษณะสำคญั .................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ใบ..ง..า...น...ท...่ี .7.............................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 7.3 เร่ือง แนวคิดเก่ยี วกับววิ ัฒนาการของสิง่ มีชวี ติ คาชแ้ี จง : ระบุชอ่ื นกั วทิ ยำศำสตร์ท่ีเสนอแนวคิดเกย่ี วกับวิวฒั นำกำรของส่งิ มชี ีวติ ตอ่ ไปนี้ใหถ้ ูกตอ้ ง ข้อ แนวคดิ เก่ยี วกบั วิวฒั นาการ นกั วิทยาศาสตร์ผูเ้ สนอแนวคดิ 1 กำรเปล่ียนแปลงโครงสร้ำงของสิ่งมีชีวิตท่ีเกิดข้ึน จำกกำรใช้และไม่ใช้ จะยังคงอยู่ภำยในช่ัวรุ่นน้ัน ................................................................................ และสำมำรถถ่ำยทอดไปยังรุน่ ลกู หลำนต่อไปได้ 2 ส่งิ มชี ีวติ แต่ละตวั จะมีควำมสำมำรถในกำรอยู่รอด และถ่ำยทอดลักษณะต่ำง ๆ เหล่ำนั้นไปยัง ................................................................................ สิ่งมีชีวติ รนุ่ ลกู หลำนได้แตกต่ำงกนั 3 กำรอยู่รอดของสมำชิกในส่ิงแวดล้อมเป็นผลมำ จำกลกั ษณะทำงพันธุกรรมที่แตกต่ำงกนั สง่ิ มชี ีวิต ................................................................................ ท่ีมลี ักษณะเหมำะสมกับส่ิงแวดลอ้ มจะมีโอกำสอยู่ รอดและใหก้ ำเนิดลูกหลำนได้มำกกว่ำสงิ่ มีชีวิตท่ีมี ลกั ษณะไม่เหมำะสมกบั สิ่งแวดล้อม 4 อวัยวะส่วนใดของส่ิงมีชีวิตท่ีมีกำรใช้งำนมำกใน กำรดำรงชีวิตจะมีขนำดใหญแ่ ละแข็งแรงข้ึน ส่วน ................................................................................ อ วั ย ว ะ ใ ด ข อ ง สิ่ ง มี ชี วิ ต ท่ี ไ ม่ ค่ อ ย ไ ด้ ใ ช้ ง ำ น จ ะ อ่อนแอลง และเสื่อมลงไปในที่สดุ 5 ส่ิงมีชีวิตจะมีกำรปรับตัวเชิงวิวัฒนำกำรให้ สำมำรถดำรงชีวิตอยู่ในสิ่งแวดล้อมต่ำง ๆ ทำให้ ................................................................................ เกิดควำมแตกต่ำงไปจำกสปีชีส์เดิมมำกขึ้นจนเกิด เปน็ สปีชสี ์ใหมใ่ นทส่ี ุด

ใบงานที่ 7.4 เร่อื ง การหาความถข่ี องแอลลีลในประชากร คาช้ีแจง : คำนวณหำควำมถี่ของแอลลีลในประชำกรตอ่ ไปน้ี 1. ในประชำกรดอกไม้ชนิดหนึ่ง 2,000 ต้น ประกอบด้วยดอกไม้สีแดง (RR) 1,340 ต้น ดอกไม้สีชมพู (Rr) 420 ต้น และดอกไม้สีขำว (rr) 240 ต้น จงคำนวณหำควำมถ่ขี องแอลลีล R และ r ในประชำกรดอกไม้ ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. จำกกำรสำรวจประชำกรกลุม่ หนึ่งจำนวน 3428 คน พบวำ่ มหี มู่เลือด ประกอบด้วยหมเู่ ลือด M 1,452 คน หม่เู ลอื ด MN 728 คน และหมู่เลือด N 1,248 คน จงคำนวณหำควำมถ่ีของแอลลีล M และ N ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................

ใบงานที่ 7.5 เร่อื ง กฎของฮารด์ ี-ไวน์เบิรก์ คาชี้แจง : ใชก้ ฏของฮำร์ดี-ไวนเ์ บิรก์ ตอบคำถำมต่อไปน้ี 1. ผีเสื้อกลำงคืนสำยพันธุ์หนึ่ง มีแอลลีล A ควบคุมลักษณะตัวสีดำ และแอลลีล a ควบคุมลักษณะตัวสีเทำ ในกำรสำรวจผีเสอ้ื กลำงคนื สำยพันธนุ์ ี้ พบประชำกรผีเสอ้ื สดี ำ 960 ตัว และประชำกรผีเสอ้ื สีเทำ 40 ตวั หำก ประชำกรน้ีอยู่ในภำวะสมดลุ ฮำรด์ ี-ไวน์เบริ ก์ จำนวนผีเสือ้ กลำงคนื สีดำทเี่ ปน็ เฮเทอโรไซกัสมจี ำนวนก่ตี ัว ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ประชำกรหน่ึงมีควำมถขี่ องแอลลีล R และ r ในปรมิ ำณรอ้ ยละ 65 และ 35 ตำมลำดบั ถ้ำประชำกรนี้อยู่ ในภำวะสมดุลฮำร์ดี-ไวน์เบิร์ก รุ่นลกู จะประกอบดว้ ยจโี นไทป์ใดบำ้ ง และในอัตรำส่วนเทำ่ ใด ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................................