Sr. Dept. /Org. Written Warning No. Recorded Warning Suspension Of Increment Suspension of Promotion Reduction of Pay Scale Demotion Transfer Termination Dismissal Subject to Police Regulations Reduction of Police Services Life Police Custody Departmental Procedures State Property Protection Act Total Nay Pyi Taw 3 1 4 14 Council 1 2 Kachin State 1 1 15 Government 2 Kayin State 1 1 39 16 Government 9 9 20 Sagaing 1 2 1 2 1 10 8 9 17 Region 2 15 25 14 3 Government 3 1 Tanintharyi 19 18 Region 2 536 Government Bago Region 19 Government Magway 1 5 3 20 Region 3 10 1 1 41 Government 1 6 Mandalay 21 Region Government Mon State 22 Government Yangon 1 18 23 Region 1 Government 1 Rakhine 5 24 State Government Shan State 25 Government Ayeyarwady 1 10 3 26 Region Government Total 151 117 27 22 16 48 15 27 15 61 3 21 4 AcquiCsitoionnfiosfcpartoiocenedosf fPrormocceoerdruspftrioonmasCthoerrSutaptteioPnroperty 86. Kyats 30.89 million and US$ 4.003 million were seized as the State Property in 2018. Sr. No. Description Confiscated Amount Loss of State-owned money from timber auction of 1 Myanmar Timber Enterprise in Monywa, Sagaing 20 million Kyats Region Loss of State-owned money from land 2 compensation of Myanma Railways project in 10.89 million Kyats Eastern Dagon Tsp., Yangon 44
Sr. No. Description Confiscated Amount Debitted amount to the State Fund Account of 3 training funds of overseas companies on the USD 1,815,642.26 surrender of the blocks after termination of joint venture with Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise Debitted taxes of Petro Vietnam Exploration 4 Production (PVEP) Company jointly ventured with USD 2,187,618.0 Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise 45
Chapter (5) Evaluation on Outcomes of 2018 and Designating Upcoming Actions Chapter (5) Evaluation on the Outcomes of 2018 Action Plan and Formulation of next Action Plan
DeveDloepvemloepnmteonft PofoPlioclyicyaanddLLegeaglaFlrFamraewmoerwk orks 87. By amending the Anti-Corruption Law for the fourth time, the definition of corruption becomes broader; loss and damage of state-owned monies and properties are actionable; enabling to issue orders to private entities for compliance of codes of conduct; enabling to take action on credible information; empowering the Commission to give advice to public organizations and thus legal infrastructure is more strengthened. 88. In pursuing the strategic goals of the Commission, Code of Conduct covering (6) basic principles of the Commission and its staff was developed and disclosed to the public that it increases public understanding and confidence. Prevention and Education 89. Introducing corruption prevention and education programs in basic education primary schools for the knowledge of school children, organizing awareness workshops in Regions/States, issuing notifications for private entities to formulate and comply codes of conduct, broadcasting more edutainment short stories in newspapers and television programs, awareness raising on tender procedures to be followed by government departments/organizations in construction, procurement of goods and services, rental and sales for their cautions and to be free from corruption, enhance knowledge of integrity, ethics, accountability and responsibility among youths, business, private and administration sectors. 90. The Commission has been carrying out corruption prevention, awareness raising and combatting with the aim to effectively protect monies and properties of the State and interests of the citizens. Even in highly transparent EU countries, loss of interests of the State-owned economic corporations and loss of public funds by corruption is observed as still high. In those countries, the amount of government procurement through tendering process is about 20% of total GDP of EU. The scholars estimated that loss of public funds in 2010 due to corruption in tender processes was as high as 13% of total estimated budget. 91. The President's Office issued Directive No. (1/2017) on 10 April 2017 that direct tender procedures to be followed by government departments/organizations in construction, procurement of goods and services, rental and sales. Costs of machineries and office equipment, other expenses and maintenance expenses under current expenditure are transparent and obviously calculable and thus, consequences of corruption are preventable. Because of the huge budget amount, project size and interests are large, tenders for projects and works under capital budget, tenders using foreign funds, tender projects under international investments can have big impact on economic, social and political conditions of the country. The Commission, with the collaboration of internal and external academics has initiated research on loss of state-owned monies and properties by corruption in tender 46
processes, organizes awareness raising trainings and participates in forums for experience and technical exchange. 92. Capital expenditure budget estimates for the Union in 2018-2019 FY is about 6,314 billion kyats, which is 26% of total budget estimates. Analysis of Union budget increasing trend in last 5 years indicates country’s budget deficit is increasing yearly. According to present approved budget estimates in 2018-2019 FY, budget deficit was up to 4,778 billion kyats. The cause of the budget deficit is due to increase in capital expenditure for the projects, therefore, it is important to reduce budge wastage and to execute for the realization of people-centered development outcomes. In light of this, it is observed that for their successful tendering works, government departments/organizations should have fair and right competition practices for cost-effectiveness with good results, capacity for careful analysis and assessment of the tender works, and enhancement of educative trainings for evaluating possible corruption potentials. Investigation to take Action 93. According to the 4th Amendment of the Anti-Corruption Law, the Commission could investigate and prosecute officials, staff, senior-level officials and political post holders. On the other hand, the Commission creates more opportunities for the general public to report acts of corruption, responds its suggestions to the complainants, receives personally for consultation, scrutinizes complaints to handle in time daily, and thus, the Commission is progressively obtaining public interests and confidence which in turn increases the receipt of complaints and information. Local and International Cooperation Internal and International Cooperation 94. Enhancement of international cooperation can be noted in the following Table: Sr. No. Description 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1 Courtesy Calls made 4 6 5 32 62 by organizations 3 9 10 19 23 Attendance of 1 1 - 4 9 2 meetings, workshops, - 1 - 1 2 - - - - 1 trainings abroad - - - - 2 8 17 15 53 93 3 In-country workshops 4 Bilateral MOUs 5 Symposiums 6 Forums Total 47
95. Upon enhancement of cooperation and coordination between the Commission and relevant government departments/organizations, the complaints transferred by the Commission are given more attention. Disciplinary Action Taken on Transferred Complaints Sr. No. Prosecution under Civil Service Myanmar Total Anti-Corruption Law Personnel Law Police Force 2014 Maintenance of 28 2015 6 Discipline Law 24 2016 4 30 2017 12 22 - 55 2018 28 122 46 20 - 16 2 25 2 63 13 Corruption Perception Survey 96. To be able to assess corruption on public service delivery as per activities under Commission's Anti-Corruption Strategy Plan, the Commission contracted with a third party which is Access to Justice Initiative (A2JI) to do survey on corruption unbiasedly and transparently in 4 areas namely - public perception, public opinion, transparency and accountability - in selected places from October to December 2018. 97. Public Opinion Polls: Public opinion on corruption prevention were surveyed by interviewing (100) persons in each State/Region, totally (1330) persons from (13) Regions/States except Chin State. {Annexes (D) to (D-7)} (a) Knowledge of corruption Public understanding on acts of corruption Public perceptions on arising of corruptions Root causes of corruption Government responses against corruption Public perception on corruption and development of the country Public perception on Anti-Corruption Commission (b) Public opinion on government departments/organizations relating to corruption departments/organizations that are prone to corruption most 48
evaluating corruption index by department/organization behaviour amounting to corruption (c) Public opinion on complaints against corruption and potential cooperation Reporting acts of corruption Cooperation for combatting corruption 98. Public Perception: In order to survey public perception on corruption, (100) persons from 5 Regions - Ayeyarwady, Tanintharyi, Yangon, Magway, Sagaing - and Kachin, Kayin and Mon States, (800) persons were interviewed about forms of corruption in public service delivery and root causes. {Annex (D-8) to (D-11)} 99. Transparency: Findings upon interviews based on transparency of departmental procedures in construction, fisheries and forest sectors were conducted with (50) business people from Ayeyarwady, Tanintharyi, Yangon, Magway and Sagaing Regions with the rate of (10) persons from each Region. It was found out that departmental procedures are still complex and have to undergo hierarchical approvals; clear information on technical specifications are necessary in tender documents; independent experts are required in tender evaluation; informing only to the nearest; weak in releasing tender regulations and necessary information; requiring third party monitoring and evaluation; lack of complaint mechanism for corruption; non-compliance of laws and procedures; awarding without competition; supporting the shared tendering among the bidders instead of fair competition; and weakness in transparency leading towards possible conflict of interests. 100. Accountability: The findings of the interviews with (28) responsible personnel from (9) Union Ministries that have the most public service delivery are as follows: (a) Use of official position for personal interest, promotions and transfers of the staff not applying laws and procedures; (b) Weak in support of administrative facilities, corruption due to inadequate wages and salary; (c) Need of corruption-reducing methods such as maintaining education programs and exercising reward & punishment system rather than penalization; (d) Complexity of public services delivery procedures; (e) Weak in implementation of law and procedures enabling internal check and balance in reduction of corruption processes. 101. Though most of the people do not precisely understood corruption, it is obvious that acts of corruption are undesired in the society. They sometimes want to offer bribe for timely delivery of essential public services, many people also fully believed that corruption can be combatted with the strength of the public. That is a great support for the Commission. Corruption can be reduced by having rule of law and accountability, facilitating for complaints of corruption by enhancing effective actions and education activities to deter corruption, maintaining awareness programs and rewarding non-corrupted 49
persons and creating an environment of honouring that spirit, and also appropriate increase in salary can be supportive for corruption combatting. And thus, the findings are relevant to the policies and goals of the Commission. Condition of Corruption Index 102. According to Corruption Perception Index (CPI) released by Transparency International (TI), Myanmar’s annual score and index are as follows. Scoring went down (1) and ranking (2) in 2018. Year Score Rank Number of Countries 2012 15 172 176 2013 21 157 177 2014 21 156 175 2015 22 147 168 2016 28 136 176 2017 30 130 180 2018 29 132 180 Formulation of 2019 Action Plan 103. The Commission will be implementing the following activities in corruption prevention, education and combating: Development of policy framework Endeavor to formulate national anti-corruption strategy. Strengthening legal framework Develop the Whistleblower Protection Law; Enhance law enforcement; Develop new Anti-Corruption Rules. Nationwide prevention of corruption Establish and assign Corruption Prevention Units (CPUs) and collaborate according to Sections 21(c)(3), 44 and 45 of the Anti-Corruption Law; Organize training workshops for the implementation of asset declaration by persons in authority under Chapter (8) of the Anti-Corruption Law, 2013. Nationwide enhancement of integrity and corruption awareness Conduct integrity-enhancement and awareness raising programs on anti- corruption for the inclusion of all stakeholders; Organize seminars to enhance business ethics in States and Regions; 50
Produce short TV dramas, flyers, articles, short stories, cartoons on corruption prevention and education; arrange regular media access to ensure media friendliness; Promote public relations; Promote social accountability by having grievance mechanism by the general public. Institutional capacity development Recruit staff in line with new set-up of the Commission Office; Open branch offices in Yangon and Mandalay Regions. Capacity Building Organize in-country management trainings, refresher trainings and basic trainings for various levels from low level staff to senior-level official; Organize trainings, workshops and symposiums in cooperation with UNODC and UNDP, and under bilateral programmes. International cooperation in corruption prevention and law enforcement Arranging of bilateral MOUs for cooperation in corruption prevention; Hosting bilateral formal working meetings; Preparations for 15th SEA-PAC Principals Meeting in Thailand and 14th SEA- PAC Secretariat Meeting in Singapore; Participate inter-governmental meetings and thematic meetings organized by UNODC; Receive country visit for the 2nd cycle of UNCAC Implementation review mechanism (2016-2020); Consultation on country review report (draft) and coordinate for the release of Country Review Report; Organize in-country trainings and workshops with the technical support of UNODC and UNDP; Arrange official study visits to Asian Countries with the support of UNODC and UNDP; Coordinate with relevant departments for the commemoration of International Anti-Corruption Day in collaboration with UNODC and UNDP, celebrate International Anti-Corruption Day in Myanmar, record-taking and translation. Translation of the Anti-Corruption Law and the Anti-Corruption Rules into English language and publication with the support of UNODC. Monitoring and evaluation Conduct relevant surveys Developing 2020 Action Plan of the Commission Public reporting 51
onclusion Conclusion 104. In fighting against corruption as the national responsibility, the Anti-Corruption Commission is dedicated to carry out the six objectives under the Anti-Corruption Law as our mission as assigned by our citizens. 105. Being an organization responsible to monitor and administer the interests of the citizens in the realization of the objectives, the values and standards such as integrity, independence, accountability, transparency, fairness and inclusiveness together with the rule of law and the prosperity of the general public are placed on top. 106. It is humbly stated that the Commission will work hard with the People together to foster the culture of zero tolerance on corruption across the country. Aung Kyi Chairman Dated: 1 March 2019 52
Appendices Annexes
Annex (A) Notification on Prevention of Corruption Tenders are usually called The President Office for construction, issued tender procedures procurement of goods and in Directive No. (1/2017) services, rental and sales of - To prevent loss of the assets in government State budget departments/organizations. Have you already known To be proper and fair the important facts in the competition tender procedures? - Transparency, accountability, - for not to occur acts of responsibility corruption - for not to monopolize the tender and manipulate the price by either individual or a group To ensure effective and Following Tender efficient construction, Committees shall be procurement of goods and systematically formed: services, rental and sales benefited to the country - Tender Committee and the People - Threshold Price Calculation Committee In order to run the tender - Tender Receiving and process, Scrutinizing Committee -Make sure of whether shall be formed and required fund are secured. allocated their duties as -Prepare and submit a per requirement. procurement plan for approval To declare the tender -Prepare tender documents, winners, firstly tender including contractual shall be opened at the documents designated place and time - Invite tenders and make by designated mean in tender advertisements front of the tenderers. - Scrutiny and evaluate tenders, submit reports with the recommendations for awarding of contract - Prepare and negotiate for contract - Payment scheme including contract management, etc. Tender process shall be systematically handled.
Out of many tenderers who Unsuccessful tenderers passed the prequalification will be formally notified and evaluation of and allowed to take out the proposed technical bid security within (7) specifications, the tenderer days from the date of who submit the lowest notice. financial proposal will be selected and win/lose status All tender processes shall will be determined. be recorded and kept the following records at least To ensure transparency, the (3) years. winning tenderer shall be officially declared at the -The received tender tendering Ministry’s proposals website and awarded the -Tender evaluation report contract. - Minutes of Tender Committee One should clearly - the signed contract understand that loss of - Payment terms and state-owned monies and related information properties due to violation - Acknowledgement of of the President Office’s receipt of payment Directive No. (1/2017) will - Other associated be taken into action under documents, etc. corruption offence. Therefore, precise compliance to tender procedures (1/2017) will not cause to corruption. The Anti-Corruption Commission
AnneAxnn(Be)x (B) Declaration on Anti-Corruption Cooperation
AnneAxn(nCe)x (C) The Republic of the Union of Myanmar The Anti-Corruption Commission The Notification Order No. (14/2018) The 10th Waxing Day of Thadingyut, M.E. 1380 (19 October 2018) Designating basic principles for preparation and practice of principally sound business ethics and appropriate internal control measures related to corruption prevention in private entities The Anti-Corruption Commission hereby issues the Notification according to sub-section 72(b) of the Anti-Corruption Law, 2013. 1. Sub-section 16(q) of the Anti-Corruption Law indicates one of the duties of the Commission as “Issuing an order to any private entities to be developed and applied a work-related code of conduct strongly based on the preventive corruption”. 2. Accordingly, the Commission hereby designate the following principles to be based not only in preparation and practices of principally sound business ethics but also in taking appropriate internal control measures to prevent corruption in private entities: (a) To set up strong and effective policy for the fight against corruption and to get the commitment of highest management on the policy; (b) To effectively assess, identify and evaluate on corruption risk assessment; (c) To take more precise and comprehensive measures in vulnerable and high risk of corruptions; (d) To include not only one’s own business but also all other linking value change processes into the fight against corruption; (e) To keep records and accounts systematically and correctly; (f) To pursue human resources development policy helpful to the fight against corruption; (g) To keep reliable reporting mechanism for enabling to report the doubt of corruption; (h) To keep regular monitoring and evaluation system on activities related to prevention of corruption. Sd./- Aung Kyi Chairman The Anti-Corruption Commission
Annex (D) Public perception on arising of corruption in Myanmar Public understanding on corruption 30% 25.9% 25% 20% 19.1% 15% 15.9% 16.2% 11.1% 10.1% 10% 5% 0.9% 0.9% 0% Misuse of Misuse of Violation of Discrimination Bribery Don’t know Others the State power other Misuse of budget State-owned people’s rights properties AAnpnpeexnd(Dix-1()D-1) Public perception on current corruption situation 40% 22% 22% 38% 13% 35% Can decline Can increase As usual 30% 5% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Don’t know Can’t answer
Annex (D-2) Questioning the root causes of corruptions otheအrs ျခား 1% less in foတrmရaာlးဝsaငl္aလryစaာnႏdငွ e့္ ခnံစtiာtlးeခmြငန့္enညts္းျခငး္ 11% unevenဝiငncေ္ oငmြႏွငe့္ aထndြကo္ေuငtcြ မomမ်ွ တesျခငး္ 8% အစဥ္အလuာsကuaဲသ့ l cုိ႔ uျဖsစtoေ္ mနျခင္း 13% ျပစဒ္ ဏleခ္ sရံ sရcနh္ aအnလceာoးအf pလunာisနhညmeး္ ပnါtးျခငး္ တရားဥပwေeဒakစiးို nမးုိ rမuႈ lအe oားfနlညaw္းျခငး္ 6% 17% 4% looking onlမyမိ fႏိ oွငr ့္ sမeိသlf aာnးစdု အfaကmil်ိဳyးသinာtၾeကreညst့ျ္ ခင္း 13% အဖbြဲ႕အaseစdညo္းnမ်ာinး၏foသrmတatငio္းnအoခf်ကor္အgaလnizကat္မio်ာnးsအရ 12% Lacကk ်ငofဝ့္ တeth္ မicရsိျွ ခင္း Stroေnလg dာeဘsiႀrကe tီးၿoပီးbခe်မri္သchာaလndုိစတိ avအ္ arာicးioႀကusီးျခငး္ 15% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Annex (D-3) Public perception on the state’s actions to corrupted persons 45% 42% 40% 35% 19% 30% 25% 11% 10% 11% 20% 15% effective 6% 1% 10% action no action 5% 0% lack of merely light rare action don’t want others effective action to answer Appendix (D-4) action
Public perception on the complaints Annex (D-4) Description Agreed Not Agreed Neutral Don’t want 3.16 % 18.8% 9.01% to answer No need to report as it is just matter 8.5% of course No need to report 3.96% 16.02% 11.22% 9.79% as it is like a gift. 7.74% 13.32% 9.10% 9.28% No need to report because it will 9.02% 8.05% 12.28% 12.34% not make any difference. 18.81% 3.42% 6.63% 8.53% Many 16.06% 5.20% 8.68% 8.87% complainants 15.96% 5.42% 8.47% 8.84% regret for their complaints. 5.23% 12.27% 13.27% 11.66% People don’t know where to 6.14% 11.37% 11.86% 12.15% report 13.92% 6.12% 9.46% 10.04% Afraid of 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% consequences of complaint. Don’t want to be busy with consequences of complaint. Don’t want to report because I have benefited also. No need to report as it is provided for gratitude. Can’t complaint because it is difficult to prove.
Annex (D-5) Public desire to counter corruption Others 2% 9% I will honor uncorrupted 0% 5% 10% person/group/department by my own way I will comply with departmental procedures 18% I will denounce corrupted person 19% I will conduct awareness raising 20% I will report corruption 21% I will refuse to give bribe 10% 15% 20% 25% AAnpnpeexn(dDix-6()D-6) Confidence on success of public participation in the fight against corruption No aမnေsျwဖဆerိပု ါ 5% Do not knမoသwိပါ 8% Doလnးုံ ဝoမt ယbeံုၾlကievညeပ္ ါ 7% မPယarုတံ tiaဝlကly ္bယelတုံ ievဝeက္ 31% အျပAညbsအ့္ olဝuယteံုၾlကy bညelပ္ ieါတveယ္ 10% 20% 30% 40% 49% 60% 0% 50%
Annex (D-7) Reasons of giving bribes to government departments Sr. No. Description Percentage 19.77% 1 No other ways to accomplish the work 16.41% 12.26% 2 To facilitate the procedures 6.89% 10.44% 3 To avoid punishment and fines 11.45% 9.28% 4 To pay lesser amount than officially prescribed 12.27% amount 1.23% 100.00% 5 To treat me well 6 To favor/ give preference to me 7 I dare not stay away from paying because I am afraid 8 It is usual custom to pay the responsible person 9 Others
Annex (D-8) Questioning public experiences on prevention of corruption Departments that have highest contacts with public စCညity္ပငDသ္ evာeယlopာmေရeးnအt Cဖoြဲ႕/mေကmiာtt္မeတe ီ 8% Land Management andေSျမtaစtာisရtငicး္ sဦးDစeီးဌpာt.န 7% လူ၀င္မႀႈ ကီးIၾကmmပ္ေigရraးႏtiငွ o့္ nျပaညnd္သPူ႕oအpငulအ္ atာioးnဥးီDစeီးဌpာt.န 6% 16% ကRနုoaး္ လd မTr္းပa႕ုိnေsဆpoာrငt ေ္ Aရdးmညiniနႊ s္ၾtကraာtiးoမnဥႈ းီDစeီးဌpာt.န 5% 15% က်နM္းမinာiေsရtrးyႏငွ o့္fအHeာaးကlthစာaးn၀dန္ႀSကpoီးဌrtာsန MiniပsညtryာoေfရEး၀dနuႀ္ ကcatးီ iဌoာnန 6% ႏိုငင္ ံကးူ လကမ္ တွ P္ထasုတspေ္ oပrtးေOရfးfဌicာeန 7% Myanmျမaနrမ္ Pာoႏlုငိicင္ eံရFဲတorပceဖ္ ြဲ႕ 8% General အAdေmထinေြ isထtraအြ tioပု n္ခ်ဳDပe္ေpရaးဥrtီးmစးီ eဌnာtန 10% တရားစီရJငuေ္stရicး/eတ/Cရouားrရt းံု 3% ျပInညteတ္ rnြငa္းlအReခvြနe္မn်ာuးeဥးီDစeးီ ဌpာt.န 2% အေကCuာsကto္ခmြနs္ဦးDစeီးဌpာt.န 3% Ministrလy oွ်ပfစ္ Eစleႏ္ cငွ tr့္ စicြမit္းyအaငn္၀dနEႀ္ ကneီးrဌgာyန 1% Mေဆiniာsကtry္လofပု C္ေoရnး၀sနtr္ႀuကctီးဌioာnန 1% 1% သယဇံ ာMတinႏiွငst့္ rသy ဘof ာN၀aပtuတra၀္ lနRး္ ကeso်ငu္ rcesထanနိ dး္ သEnCိမvo္းေinrရosးnerဥmvီးeaစntီးiဌtoaာnlန 1% ေမLြးiျvမeဴေstရoးcႏkွငa့္ ေnရdလFisပု h္ငeနrး္yဥးီDစeးီ ဌpာt.န 0% သDeစpေ္ tတ. oာfဥFီးoစrီးဌesာtန 1% Deစptကုိ . oပ္ f်ိဴးAေgရrးiဥcuးီ စltးီ uဌrာeန Otအheျခrsား 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
AAnpnpeexn(dDix-9()D-9) Payment of bribes (or) gifts by public upon request of departments လူ၀ငမ္ ႈႀIကmးီmၾကigပraေ္ tရioးႏnွငa့္ nျပdညP္သopူ႕uအlaငtioအ္ nာDး ဥepးီ စt.ီးဌာန 85% 15% တရာJးuစsရီ tငic္ေeရ/Cး/oတurရtားရံုး 77% 23% CitစyညDပ္evငe္သloာpယmeာnေtရCးအomဖြဲ႕m/ေitကteeာမ္ တီ 86% 14% Land Management and Staေtျမisစtiာcရs ငD္းဥepးီ စt.းီ ဌာန 85% 15% 86% 14% ႏငုိ ္ငံကးူ လက္မPတွ as္ထspoတု rt္ေOပfးfေicရeးဌာန 85% 15% MyanmarျမPနo္မliာcႏeငုိ F္ငoရံ rcဲတe ပ္ဖြဲ႕ 92% 8% Roကadနု ္းTလraမnး္ sပpုိ႕ေorဆt Aာငdmေ္ ရinး isညtrနႊat္ၾကionားDမဥႈepီးစt.ီးဌာန 77% 23% Geneအraေl ထAdြေmထinြအistပုraခ္ t်iဳoပnေ္ ရDးဥepီးစt.ီးဌာန Intျပerညnaတ္ l Rြငeး္ အveခnြနu္မe်ာDးဥepးီ စtီး.ဌာန 93% 7% MinistrပyညofာEေdရuး၀caနtႀ္ ကionးီ ဌာန 91% 9% ကMi်နn္းiမstာrေyရoးfႏHွင့္eအaltာhးကanစdားS၀pနoႀ္ ကrtsးီ ဌာန 80% 20% အCေuကstoာကmsခ္ Dြနဥ္epီးစt.းီ ဌာန 80% 20% 70% 30% Ministry oလf Eွ်ပle္စcစtrႏ္ icငွ it့္ yစြမa္းnအdငE္၀nနeႀ္rကgyီးဌာန Dept.စoကို f A္ပg်ဴိ rးiေcရuးltဥuီးစreးီ ဌာန 0% 82% 18% Deသptစ. ေ္ofတFာoဥreီးစstီးဌာန 71% 29% Liေvမeြsးျမtoဴေckရးaႏnငွ d့္ ေFရisလheုပryင္ နDး္ ဥepးီ စt.ီးဌာန Minေisဆtryာကofလ္ Coုပn္ေsရtrး၀uနct္ႀကionးီ ဌာန 78% 22% Ministry of Naturaသl Rယesဇံouာတrceႏsွငa့္ သndဘEnာv၀iပroတnm္၀နen္းကta်lငC္ onsထervနိ aး္ သtioမိnး္ ေရး… 86% 14% Otheအrs ျခား 100% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ေပIးခgဲ့သavညe i။္t မေIပdးiခdဲ့ပnါ’t give it
AApnpneenxdDix-1(D0)-10) Encountering problem for not paying money (or) gift to departments 40% 32% 30% 20% 20% 15% 15% 11% 10% 6% 0% လPုပroင္ cနe္းစduဥrမ္ e်ာsး aလreအုိ loပn္သgeညr t္ထhaကn i္tၾကshနo္႕uၾကldာbသe.ြားသည။္ ကIၽြႏdပု္ id္လnိုအotပg္ေeသt nာe၀cနesေ္ sဆarာyငs္မeကႈ rviုိ cမeရsရ. ွေိ တာပ့ ါ။ မေIခw်မaငsံ bဆadကly္ဆtrခံeaရံ tသedည. ။္ ၿခမိ I္းေwျခasာကthခ္reရံ aသtenညe္။d. လPုပrင္ocနe္းစssဥe္မs်ာaး rပeုိမmုိရoႈပrေ္ eထcoြးသmpြာlးeေxစ.သည။္ မညI d္သidညn’t့အ္ eခnကcouအ္ nခteဲမr်ွ aမnႀကy dဳေံ ifတficြ႕uရlပtyါ။. Annex (D-11) Awareness on where to lodge complaint on corruption Adminisအtrပုat္ခo်ဳrပေ္Oရffးiမceဴွ းရံးု 6% 37% အစိးု ရမNဟoုတn-gေ္ oသveာrnအmဖeြဲ႕nအtaစl ညOrး္ gNanGizOa/tCioSnO 7% 7% (NGO/CSO) Meမdဒီ iယီa ာ 5% 9% အဂTတheိလAုကိ ntiစ္ -Cားoမrႈrတupုကိ tio္ဖn်ကCo္ေmရးmေကissာio္မnရွင္ ျပSညta္နteယ/R္/eတgiုိငoး္nလHlႊတutt္ေaတw ာ္ 4% 1% Police Staရtioဲစnခနး္ 6% အSuဂpတerလိ visိကု in္စgာOးသffiညce့္ပr ုဂoၢဳfလိ C္၏orrအupထtedကP္လerႀူsကonးီ ထံ 13% Otအheျခr ား 5% I donဘ’tယwaက္ ntိမု ွtမoတcoုငိ m္ခp်ငla္ပiါnဘ. ူး။ I don’t knမoသwပိ ါ။ I don’t want to aမnေsျဖwခe်ငr.္ပါ။ 0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Printed by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime‘s Country Office (Myanmar) with the funding support from the Government of Sweden.
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