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&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm &efukefbaqG ESifh ocifjrodef; AdkvfatmifBuD;xH oGm;awGYonfqdkjcif;rSm rrSef &efukef pufwifbm 17 jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&m toif; OuúX pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf pufwifbm 14 &ufaeYu qefpufydkif&Sifrsm; twGif; a&;rSL;csKyfa[mif; ocifjroed f; ESifhtwl aygif;wnf&Sd AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;xH oGm;a&muf awGYqkHonf/ xdkodkY awGY&mwGifvnf; AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD; twGuf jzpfonf [laom owif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGu þowif;rSm vkyfBuH a&;om;jcif;om jzpof nf/ rdrdESifh ocifjrodef; rawGUonfrSmvnf; wESpfausmfcefY &SdNyD[k aMu;rkHokdY ajymMum;vdkufonf/ &efukefbaqGu qufvufí rdrdonf tjcm; pma&;q&mrsm;ESihf twl pufwifbm 8 &ufaeYu okH;q,fwGif usif;yaom ]]vlawGonf acG;xufrdkuf\\}} [laom pum;&nfvkyGJodkY tqdkacgif;aqmif tjzpf oGm;a&mufcJhpOfu pum;&nfvkyGJ tNyD; AdkvfatmifBuD; &Sd&m aygif;wnfodkY qufoGm;cJhjcif;om jzpfonf/ vkyfBuH owif;wGif 14 &ufaeYurS ocifjrodef; ESifhtwl AdkvfatmifBuD; twGuf oGm;ovdkvkd jzpfaejcif;rSm ajcxdk;jcif;om jzpfonf/ rdrdonf xkd 14 &ufaeYu jrefrmEdkifiH yef;csDyef;yk aumifpD tzGJUi,frsm; pnf;a0;wGif n 8-em&DcGJ txd pn;f a0; xdkifaecJhonf/ þuJodkY r[kwfrrSef vkyfBuH a&;om;jcif;rSm raumif;? rdrdonf AdkvfcsKyftpdk;& vrf;pOfudk axmufcHovdk tjcm;olrsm;ESifhvnf; ½dk;½dk;om;om; rdwfaqGrysuf aygif;oif; aeolom jzpfonf/ owif;udk vkyfBuHolvdk tpkd;&Xme toD;oD;wGif 0ifvdkuf xGufvdkufjzifh vltxifBuD;atmif [efa&;jyaeol r[kwf? rdrdwdkYonf touft½G,f jrefrmusL;ypf 15

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm BuD;MuNyDjzpfí wa,mufESifh wa,muf *kH;wdkuf raeMubJ wdik f;jynf twGuf udk,fqdkif&m tvkyfvkyfMubdkY aumif;NyD[k ajymMum;vdkuf\\/ cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; .. txufyg ajz&Sif;csufrsm;onf Ak'¨[l;aeYxkwf owif;pmü ygvmjcif; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf Adkvfwaxmifonf rdrd xifa,mifxirf Sm; vkyfcJhonfudk usaemf\\ ajz&Sif;csufrsm;aMumifh? usaemfhudk ,kHxifaMumifxif txifrSm; ap&ef cJ,Of;vmonf jzpf&um; - Mumoyaw;aeYxkwf Adkvfwaxmifürl twifh&JpGmjzifhyif - ]]wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; ESifh twl vIy&f Sm;aeaom vufsmqdk&S,vf pf}} [k cyfajymifajymifbJ pGyfpGJvmygawmhonf/ xdk pGyfpGJcsufygaom aqmif;yg;onf atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\\/ pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif; ,aeYbmawGvkyfaeovJ armifarmifeD - wifjyonf/ jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh vuf0JaoGzDa&; orm;rsm;onf tpGrf;ukef vIyf&Sm;aeMu\\/ xdkenf;wlpGmyif pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;wdkYonfvnf; aqmufwnf&mr& vIyf&Sm;aeonfudk awYG&\\/ jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&\\ t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif;rS cGJxGuíf qdk&S,fvpf xlaxmifa&; twGuf tajccHrsm;udk wckNyD; wck csrSwf vkyfudkifaeonfh vkyfief;wdkif;tm; jrefrmusL;ypf 16

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm zsufqD;ypfae\\/ aemufqkH; ajymifajymifwif;wif;yif wm;qD;vmchJ\\/ wwfEdkifygu {&mr awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qefYusiaf &;BuD; vkyf&efvnf; BudK;yrf;aeMu\\/ xdkodkY t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pDorm; trsdK;om; opmö azmuf jynfwGif; azmufjyefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh &nf½G,fcsufcsif; wlaom vuf0JaoGzDa&; w&m;ao *dkPf;*P orm;rsm;onf awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qefYusiaf &;wGif oGm;a&muf aygif;pnf;rdMuonf/ zqyv OD;AaqG\\ t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD awmif;qdkrIEiS fh tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\\ t&if;&Sif ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD axmufcHrIwdkYonf xif&Sm;aom om\"ursm; jzpf\\/ odkYvdk vufsmorm; OD;AaqGESifh vuf0JpGef; ocifpdk;Bu;D wdkY aygif;pnf; rdMuovdk ,aeY pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG\\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ESifh pma&;q&m atmifvif;\\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSmvnf; yl;aygif;rdMuonf/ &efukefbaqG\\ &mZ0ifrsm;udk jyefajymif; Munfhrnf qdyk gu &efukef baqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD;jzpfcJoh nf/ pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh vnf; vufsmqdk&S,fvpfrsm;udk ausmaxmufaemufcH jyKcJhonf/ tvkyf tauR; jyKcJhonf/ wavmu OD;ausmfNidrf;\\ ZeD; tdrfay:wGif ppfpkHaxmuf rif;vGif jyóemü wnfNrJzqyv ocifcspfarmif wdkYbufrS oufaocHjcif;ESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;udk oGm;a&muf awGYqkHjcif;rsm;u 4if;\\ eef;Zmwd½kyfudk zkH;uG,f r&atmif azmfjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpf\\/ txl;ojzihf &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,vf pf wOD; jzpfchJNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonfjzpfí 4if;\\ t,tl qrsm;onf wm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdkygu wdkif;jynf\\ jrefrmusL;ypf 17

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm uHMur®mudk rawG;&J atmiyf if &Sdawmh\\/ rnfodkYyif jzpfap pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh ,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESihf yl;aygif;í vIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpf\\/ odkYvdk pma&;q&m &efuek fbaqG\\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk jrifawGYod&Sd &NyD;aemuf pma&;q&m atmifvif;\\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk qufvuf Munfh½I&efjzpf\\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf w&m;ao *dkPf;*PEiS fh vuf0JaoGzDa&; t,ltqrsm;\\ rxifr&Sm;aom aemufvdkufwOD; jzpfcJh\\/ xifxif&Sm;&mS ; jzpfoifhygvsuf rxi&f mS ;jcif;rSm ynmwwf vlvwfwef;pm;wdkY\\ tacsmiform; nmOfaMumifh jzpf\\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;\\ &mZ0ifudk wydkif;wp w0ufwysuf avhvmjcif;xuf jynfhjynfhpkHpkH avhvmonfu onfae&mü ydík oifhavsmf\\/ pma&;q&m atmifvi;f onf tvHeD ocifpdk;BuD;\\ oifwef;rS ydYkcscsufrsm;udk pkaygif;í tEyk #davmr tzGifhusrf;jzifh xif&Sm;vmovdk tjcm; wzufrSvnf; *Dw ESifh pmayt& xif&Sm;vmol jzpf\\/ trSefrSm pma&;q&m atmivf i;f onf t&if;&Sif vrf;aMumif; ay:wGif rmhufpf0g'ukd ,m,DudkifpGJí pmaywGif atmifyGJ qifEdkifol jzpf\\/ odkY&mwGif olonf rmhufpf0g' vufeufukd vlwef;pm; atmifyGJ twGuf udkifpGJcJhonf r[kwf½kHomru olYtwGufyifvQif atmifjrifrI &&Sd½kH uav; ,m,D taeESifhom ukdifpGJcJhol jzpf\\/ odkYjzpfí pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf atmifyGJ&onfh aeYESifh rmhufpf0g'udk vufvTwfvdkufonfh aeYrSmyif t&if;&Sif pHepfu olYudk jzLjymcgatmifyif zsufqD; ajcrIef;um tEdkif,lcJhawmh\\/ wu,fawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf xdkaeY xdktcsdefrS pí rmhufpf0g'udk opmö azmufcJhonf[k qdk&rnf jzpf\\/ ontf wdkif;vnf; olY&Jabmfrsm;u olYudk oabmxm;cJh\\/ olYb0wGif vlwef;pm; tbd\"r®m? jrefrmusL;ypf 18

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm wm0ef? &aJ bmf&Jbuf? ygwD ponfwdkY r&SdawmhonfESihf t&if;&Sif pHep\\f om;aumifwaumif taeESifh vGwcf sifoavmuf vGwfcJh\\/ olvGwfcJhykH rsm;rSm rsdK;pkHvSayonf/ vwl e;f pm; tajccHrJh toJuGJ? rsu&f n?f t&uf pmayrsm;udk a&;om;í t&if;&Sifrsm; vufwGif;odkY xdk;tyfvdkufonf/ t&if;&Sifrsm; ay;vmaom aiGpuúLpkwfrsm;jzifh olY ukd,uf sifhw&m;rsm;udk jymcsypfcJh\\/ olY udk,fusifhw&m;udk jymcsypfykHrSm t&ufwrsdK;wnf; r[wk f ao;bJ b,fa&mnma&m? vufa&majca&m? acgif;a&m qdkovdk enf;rsdK; pkHpGmjzifh udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;udk jymcsypf aejcif;jzp\\f / wzef olY touJ G?J rsuf&nf? t&uf pmayrsm;udk xkwfa0olrsm; xHrS wqifh pmzwfol jynfolrsm;xH ay;ydkYvdkufjcif;jzifh olEiS fhtwl pmzwf y&dowf jynfol vlxkBuD; w&yfvkH;udk e,fcsJYpHepf? t&if;&Sif pHepfudk onf;cHcdkif;cJh\\/ awGa0,drf;,dkifatmif jyKvkyfcJh\\/ udk,uf sifhw&m;ESifh vYlodum© rsm;udk olYenf;wl ysufjym;atmif jyKvkyfcJhavonf/ aemufqHk;awmh acG;aoaumif Vif;wqJGovdk o½kyfysuf azmufjyefa&;orm; pma&;q&m atmifvif; &Sd&m t&ufqdkifrsm;ESifh tarSmifcef;rsm;odkY xkwfa0ol t&if; &Sifrsm;onf aiGxkyfrsm;ydkufí vduk fMu\\/ pma&;q&m atmifvif;udk awGY&Sdaom tcg? xkwfa0olrsm;onf rqdkif;rwGyif t&ufbdk;udk4if;? taxGaxG ukefusp&dwfudk4if;? ½HI;aeí a<u;wif aeonfrsm;udk4if;? olYxuif g tvtk ,uf aiGrsm;udk ay;Mu\\/ onfhaemufawmh wquwf nf; rSmyif pma&;q&m atmifvif; xHwiG f toJuGJ? rsuf&nf? t&ufpmayrsm;udk awmif;xkwfMu\\/ &Sif;&Sif;uawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;udk rsm;rsm; azmufjyefcdkif;jcif; jzpf\\/ Mumvmawmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf 'gawGEiS fhbJ aysmfarGYvm\\/ aemufqkH;awmh pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf ½kyf&Sifrif;om; a,mifa,mif jzpfvmonf txd vGwfvmcJh\\/ jrefrmusL;ypf 19

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm þrQ azmujf yefcJhaom atmufajcvGwfcJhaom pma&;q&m atmifvif;onf ,aeY Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;awG ajymaeonf/ wu,fwef; udk,fhudk,fudk,f a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrifí trSefjyifvmaomf BudKqdk &rnfom jzpf\\/ odkYaomf - olonf a0zefa&;ESifh trSm;jrifí trSefjrif vmu Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum; ajymjcif; r[kwfay/ wcsdef wcgu cH,l vmcJh rdaom vuf0J w&m;ao *dkPf;*P0g'udk aus;Zl;jyKí a<u;jyefqyfonfh taeESifh ,aeY awmfvSeaf &; tpdk;&\\ qdk&S,fvpf wnfaqmufa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; &,la&; vkyfief;rsm;udk oG,f0dkufaom enf;rsm;jzifh a'gifh wa'gifhrS zsufqD;aejci;f rQom jzpf\\/ qkdvkdonfrSm Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum; ajym&if;rS olY tiftm;rsm;udk ygvDref 'Drdkua&pD orm;rsm;ESifh wefjyeaf wmfvSefa&; orm;rsm; bufodkY o,f,al ejcif; jzpf\\/ odkYaomf jynfol trsm;pkBuD;u pma&;q&m atmifvif;udk odxm; NyD;rdkY olY Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;udk em;cg; aeMuonf/ aA'g Zmwfum;xJrS vkH;0 ratmifjrifaom toifZmwfvdkuf rif;om; atmifvif;? toJuGJ? rsuf&nf? t&uf pmayrsm;udk a&;om;í pmzwfy&dowf jynfoludk opömazmufcJhaom opömazmuf pma&;q&m atmifvif;? tEky#davmr tzGifhusrf;udk a&;om; xkwfa0cJhNyD; vufawGY vlwef;pm; wdkufyGJrsm;wGif arSmif&dyfcdk ae&pfcJhaom tacsmiform; vlwef;pm; tbd\"r®m opmazmuf pma&;q&m atmifvif; qdkonfudk jynfolu od&SdNyD; jzpfojzifh e,fcsJYaemufvdkuf trsdK;om; opömazmuf? ygvDref 'Drkdua&pD orm;awG\\ qdk&S,fvpfa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; acsrIef;a&;twuG f Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;ukd [efjy½Gwfqdk jyvmaom pma&;q&m atmifvif;\\ [efjy Nidrf;csrf;a&; pum;udk jynfol trsm;pkBuD;u ½G½H Smpufqwk f aeMu\\/ wu,fawmh pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG ESifh atmifvif;wdkY ESpfOD;onf awmfveS fa&; tpdk;&\\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufa&;? qdk&S,fvpf xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk wOD;u nmvufESifh xdk;ESuf jrefrmusL;ypf 20

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm zsufqD;aeNyD;? usefwOD;u b,fvufoD;ESifh ajczsufaejcif; jzpf\\/ vkyfenf; vkyf[ef uGJvGJaeaomfvnf; wdkif;jynfysufa&;? awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& jzKwfcsa&; &nf½G,fcsufrSmrl xyfwlxyfrQyif jzpf\\/ (pmayavmurS pmay opmö azmuf? trsdK;om; opmö azmufrsm;udk armif;xkwfMu/) armifarmifeD cspfaom pmzwfol cifAsm; - Adkvfwaxmifonf þtwdki;f ydkí twifh&Jvm\\/ ydkí yufyuf pufpuf vkyfBuHvm\\/ a&S;uvnf; þodkY wzufom;rsm; epfematmif olwyg;tm; vkyfBuHcsufawGudk awGY&jrif& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\\/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; cH&BuHK& pdwfrcsrf;ajrY jzpf&\\/ þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh rvTJra&SmifomawmhbJ? &efvdkaeaom Adkvfwaxmiftm; þtdwfzGifhay;pmudk yPmr taejzifh oufoufn§mn§m wkHYjyef a&;om;&jcif; jzpfaMumif; cspfaom pmzwfolwdkYtm; - av;pm;pGm yefMum;vsuf ../ &efukefbaqG jrefrmusL;ypf 21

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (1) OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. cifAsm;&JU ,aeY 19.9.63 aeYxkwf owif;pmu usaemfhudk aqmfjyefNyDav ../ uavmifemrnfawG b,fvdkyJ trsdK;rsdK; wyfxm;ayr,fh avoHuawmh cifAsm; avoHygyJ/ awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& wucf gpu 'DavoHeJY xyfwl cifAsm;&JU yGifhyGifhvif;vi;f tcef;u usaemfhudk wcg aqmfbl;w,f r[kwfvm; ../ ]]awmfvSefwJh tpkd;&ukd awmfvSefwJhaeYu rvTJra&Smifom jyKvkyf vdkuf&wJh jypfrI cwfrItwGuf &efuif; &JXmeu wkdifcsufudk vufcHw,f qdkwm rvkyf&bl;? rvkyftyfbl;/ t&if tpdk;& t&Sdeft0g tmPmpufudk vufcHw,f av;pm;w,f qdkwJh oabmbJ ..}} ]]NyD;awmh t&if tpdk;&&UJ tkyfcsKyaf &; Oya'awGudk tukef zsufodrf;w,fvdkY ausnm&r,f/ t&if tpdk;&u jyKvkyfxm;wJh ½Hk;aw?G w&m;pD&ifcsufawG? wckrS vurf cHbl; tm;vkH; zsufodrf;w,f/ vwfwavmtm;jzifh tck vuf&SdwufvmwJh tpdk;&&JU wm0ef xrf;aqmif aeMuwJh vuef uuf dkifawG&JU vufxJrSm? tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmukd ,m,D ay;xm;w,fvdkY ausnm/}} ]]yD;awmhrS t&if tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'awG xJu qdk&S,fvpf vrf;pOf eJY udkunf DwJh Oya'udk wdkifyif aqG;aEG;NyD;/ wckNyD; wck twnfjyK/}} jrefrmusL;ypf 22

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm ]]'dkY qdk&S,fvpf tpdk;& qdk&S,fvpf tkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'eJY tkyfcsKyf r,f/ t&if Oya'awG? pD&ifcsufaw?G pD&ifxkH;awG? vkyf½dk;vkyfpOfawG tm;vkH; pGefYypfw,fvdkY &&J 0J efY0eYf ausnmyD; vkyfyg/}} ]]tJ'D rvkyf,i?f rwdus,if ]tyfeJYxGif;&rnfh udpöukd aygufqdefeJY aygufNyD; xGif;ae&yg vdrfhr,f ..} qdkwJh t\"dyÜm,fbJ/}} 'Dpmudk aMu;rkH owif;pmu &SnfwmeJY jzwfvdkufawmh usaemf vdkcsifwJh t\"dyÜm,f riHkrdawmhbl; ayghAsm ../ tJ'D tcsdefrSm OD;odef;azjrifhu NAHK;ueJ udk,fydkifxm;wJh owif;pm u aeNyD; ../ ]]&efukefbaqGonf ppfwyfrawmf tay:ü tu,fí MoZmtmPm vTrf;rd;k Edkifol wa,muf jzpfcJhvQif wdkif;jynf\\ uMH ur®mukd rawG;&Jatmifyif &Sdawmh\\/}} vdkY cifAsm; a&;cJhbl;w,f/ tckvJ armifarmifeD trnfeJY a&;wJh cifAsm;&JU owif;pm xJu ]]pma&;q&m &efukefbaqG eJY atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm .. ]]txl;ojzifh &efukefbaqGonf *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdef t0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*¾dKvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/ 4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwn;f &Sdaeonfjzpfí 4if;\\ t,tl qrsm;onf wm0ef &Sdolrsm; tay: vTrf;rdk;oufa&muf oGm;onf qdyk gu wdkif;jynf\\ uHMur®mudk rawG;&J atmifyif &Sdawmh\\/}} wJh/ cifAsm;[dkwkH;u a&;cJhwJh aveJY wxyfxaJ yghAsm - tJ'Dawmh cifAsm; udk,fwdkifra&;awmif cifAsm; tmabmfawG trsm;BuD;yg ygw,f/ jrefrmusL;ypf 23

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm r[kwfygbl;vdkY cifAsm;u jiif;vJ cifAsm;[m cifAsm;&JU owif;pmrSm wm0efcHpmwnf; wa,mufqdkawmh oabmwlnDwmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dpmydk'f wckxJrSm OD;odef;azjrifh wu,frodao;wJh taMumif;awG usaemf pum;vHk; wvkH;pD &Sif;jyr,f cifAs/ ]]awmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0grsm;ESifh cifrifrIrsm;udk taMumif; jyKí tcsdKU wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*d¾Kvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf/}} wJh/ OD;odef;azjrifh[m 'aD e&m usaemfuh dk 'DvlvJ igvkyfovdk vkyfae rSmbJ qdkwJh tawG;rsdK;eJY csvdkufw,fvdkY xifwmbJ/ 'Dvdkxif&if rSm;rSmaygh cifAsm/ vlwdkif;[m wa,mufeJY wa,muf wlMuwmrS r[kwfbJ/ usaemfom tJ'vD dk &orQ tcGifhta&;awGudk tukefvkH;,lNyD; bmudk rqdk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrI? vrT ;f rkd;vdkrI pdwrf sdK; &SdcJhr,f qdk&if - ppfwyfxJrSm ae,ifvJ bDtdik fat vufxuf uwnf;u vuf½kH;wyfawG? ajymufusm;wyfawG udkifNyD; NrdKUawG odrf;vmchJwJhvl qdkawmh ck-qdk,if Advk frSL;csKyf ae&mavmuf a&mufaeavmufNyDaygh/ aemufwzufu MunfhtkH;av/ qdk½S,fvpf ygwDudk p wnfaxmif wJh vl av;? ig;? q,fa,muf txJrSm usaemf wa,mufvJ tyg t0ifaygh cifAsm/ uufpfbD vufxufu zqyv xJrSm uGefjrLepfawG qdkif;bkwf wifvdkufMuawmh? qd½k S,fvpf jzpfMu&r,fh vlawG[m? usaemfpkxm;whJ tiftm;ay:rSm rlwnfNyD;? e,ftawmfrsm;rsm;u cifAsm;wdkYxuf tiftm; awmifhwif;wJh qdk½S,fvpfawG NAHK;ueJ ay:vmcJh Muwmaygh/ jrefrmusL;ypf 24

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm vltitf m;om awmifhw,f rxifeJY/ vufeuf titf m;vJ awmifhw,f cifAsmh/ 'gudk taMumif;jyKy;D awmh Adkvcf sKyfatmifqef;u bk&ifcH qma':refprpfeJY pum;ajymwJh tcgrSm ]]qmay:OD;udk jynfxJa&;ay;vkdY b,fjzpfrv/J b,fae&mrSm vufeufawG b,favmuf &Sdw,fqdkwm olrS rodbJeJY/ tJ'gawGudk usLyfrS odwm}} vdkY ajymawmhwmaygh/ tJ'Dwkef;u AdkvfcsKyaf tmiqf ef;&JU ab;rSm vQKd U0Suf vufeufudkif udk,f&HawmfawG xJrSm owådtaumif;qkH;? vuftwnfhqkH; &JjrifhvdkY ac:wJh armif&D qdkwmu usaemf ay;xm;wJhvl/ qdk½S,fvpf ygwDxJrSm usaemfhudk tmPmydkif tzGJYxJ twif;oGif;Muawmh? jiif;r&wmeJY cP vufcHNyD; twif;&atmif xGufcJh&wmaygh cifAsm/ a&SUrSm bmawG jzpfvmEdkifw,f qdkwJh vrf;aMumif;BuD;udk tjzL;om; jrifae&wmbJ/ usaemfom qufvkyf&if usaemfh oli,fcsif; ocifomcifBuD;eJY twl wwef;xJ 0efBuD; jzpfMuwmaygh ../ t'J Dvdk jzLjzL;ajzmifhajzmifh jrifae&yg&ufeJY i,f½G,fpOf tcsdef&SdwkH; rSmawmif tiwftjywfcHNyD; udk,fvkyfcsifwm vkyfvmcJah o;wm? tck BuD;awmifhBuD;rm; tcsdefa&mufrS .. ]]wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*d¾Kvfrsm;ay:wGif rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf .. BudK;yrf;ae&tkH;r,f qdkawmh}} csifhcsdefMunfhaygh cifAs/ tJ wckawmh &Sdav&JU/ wu,f tvkyf vkyfcJhMuvdkY tJ'D txufu azmfjycJhwJh taMumif;awGudk odxm;wJh vlawGu ]]ppfbuf? ajray: ajratmuf EdkifiHa&;buf}} tm;vkH;u usaemfhudk cspfMuw,f? cifMuw,f cifAs/ cGifhvTwfMuw,f cifAs/ jrefrmusL;ypf 25

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm OD;odef;azjrifhudk OD;odef;azjrifh taMumif; od&SdorQ tm;vkH;u 0dkif;rkef;Muovdk .. usaemfhudkvJ usaemfh taMumif; od&SdorQ vtl m;vkH;u 0dkif;cspf Muw,f/ usaemfu pnf;½kH;p&m odrf;oGif;p&m vTrf;rdk;p&m rvdkbl;/ reufjzef qufao;wmaygAh sm ../ jrefrmusL;ypf 26

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (2) OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. tJ'D 19.9.63 aeYxkwf cifAsm; owif;pmxJrSm ygwJh .. ]]&efukefbaqGeYJ atmifvif;}} qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm - ]]4if;onf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf jzpfcJhNyD; ,aeYumvwGif wejf yef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;eJY wxyfwnf; &Sdaeonf jzpfí}} qdkwJh pmydk'fwydk'f ygw,f cifAs .. tJ'D txJrSm .. vufsmqdk&S,fvpf qdkwm&,f? wefjyef awmfvSef a&;orm; qdkwm&,f tcsuf 2 csuf &Sdw,f/ 'Dtcsuf 2 ck teuf ciAf sm;&JU Adkvfwaxmif owi;f pm [m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;jzpfaevdYk wjcm;vlawG&JU vkyf½dk;vkyfpOf twdkif; qdk,ifawmh ]]usaemf[m wefjyef awmfvSefa&;orm; r[kwfygbl;}} qdkwm OD;pm;ay;NyD; &Sif;&rSmaygh ../ bmjyKvdkYvJ qdak wmh EdkifiHa&; taiGYtouf ruif;olwdkif;u cifAsm;&JU ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} udka&m ]]qGJcsowif;pm}} BuD;udk ydkifwJh cifAsm; udka&m tckae tcgrSm tifrwef aMumufae&w,f rIwfvm;/ ]qGJcsowif;pm}} ykdif&SifBuD; jzpfwJh cifAsm;qDudk vma&muf 0yfwGm;NyD; cc,, jyKMu&? awmif;yef wdk;vQdK;Mu&w,f rIwfvm;/ 'gudk EdkifiHa&;orm;? ausmif;om;? owif;pmq&m tm;vkH; vdkvdk u odaeMuwmbJ/ jrefrmusL;ypf 27

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm wcsdKU Edik if Ha&; &yfuGufawGrSm qdk&if? awmwGif;u vmMuwJh awGYqkH aqG;aEG;a&; orm;awGawmif ]]qGJcsowif;pm}}ydkif&SifBuD; OD;odef;azjrifhudk uyfrd,if tckxufxd ydkNyD; tqifajy Edkifawmh rvdkvdk owif;xGuf vmao;w,f rIwfvm; ../ usaemfuawmh 'D owif;rsdK;udk ,kHvJ r,kHbl;/ jzpfEdkifvdrfhr,f vdkYvJ rxifbl;/ usaemfh taeeJY OD;oed f;azjrifhudk jriaf ewmuawmh .. OD;odef;azjrifh[m? rkHa0ay;bdkY vkyfaewJh vlBuD;wa,muf tem; u vmvmorQ wjcm; uav;awGudk rsufESmBuD; oHkoHkrHIrIHeJY a'gowBuD;? wa,mufwnf; 'dkifcH? &efvkyfaewJh uav;i,f wa,mufvdk jzpfaew,f vdkY jrifw,f cifAs/ tJ'D uav;[m vlBuD; vufxJrSm &SdwJh rkefYawG jrifvkdufw,f qdk,ifbJ .. ig &awmhrSmbJ? ig &awmhrSmbJ? ig wa,mufxJ armifydkifpD; &r,f qkdNyD; wjcm;uav;awG vmorQudk twi;f &efvkyf? a'gowBuD;eJY atmf[pfypf ../ ,kwfpGtqkH; rkHYawG bmawG rpm;wwfwJh acG;ydefuav;u olY[mol jzwfoGm;wmawmif vSrf;NyD; &efaxmifypfvdkufwJh uav;i,f vdkbJ/ OD;odef;azjrifhudk usaemfh rsufpdxJrSm tJ'Dtwdkif; jrifae&w,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJ qdkawmh rkHYa0ay;r,fh vlBuD;eJY wlwJh awmfvSefa&; tpdk;&[m OD;odef;azjrifhudk EdkifiHa&; 0g'a&;t& b,fvdkrS t&mroGif;bl;/ pdwful;xJawmif r&nfrSef;bl;/ olY[mol rqv vrf;pOfqdkwhJ rkHYawGudk udkifNyD; xGufvmw,f/ jrefrmusL;ypf 28

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY tdwfzGifhay;pm tJ'gudk O;D odef;azjrifh[m rqv vrf;pOfBuD;udk Munfh MunfhNyD;? 'gawG ig&awmh rmS b?J 'gawG igh[mawG? 'gawGudk ig armifykdif pD;vdkuf awmhr,f qdkwJh pdwfeJY ../ rkHYay;r,fh vlBuD; teD;udk jzwfvmorQ vlawG tm;vkH;ukd qD;qD;NyD; a'gowBuD; &efaxmifw,f ../ aemufqkH; ab;u jzwof Gm;rdwJh acG;ydefuav;eJY wlwJh usaemfh udkawmif qD;NyD; &efaxmif,kH ½dk;½dk; r[kwfbJ ]cJ} eJY aygufw,f ../ OD;odef;azjrifh&UJ qJGcs owif;pmxJrSm rnfodkYyif jzpfap ]]pma&;q&m &efukefbaqGonf? pma&;q&m wOD; taeESifh ,cktcg wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í vIyf&Sm;aeonf[k aumufcsuf cs&rnfom jzpf\\/}} vdkY a&;xm;w,f r[kwfvm; ../ t'J g[m - usaemfvh dk acG;ydefuav;udk ceJ JY aygufvdkufwmaygh cifAs/ 'gavmufawmif aocsmae&if bmvdYk tyifyef; cHyD; owif;pm xJu a&;ae&wmvJ/ wcgwnf; udk,fwdkif zrf;yD; awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& vufxJ tyfay;vdkufygvm;/ tJ .. wckawmh &Sdw,f awmfveS fa&; tpkd;&[m OD;odef;azjrifh rsufESmvkyfwdkif; rsufESmomay;r,fh tpdk;&? trSwfay;r,fh tpdk;&rsdK;awmh r[kwfzl;As/ rdrd oabmtwdkif; rdrud dk,fydkif csifhcsdefNyD;rS vkyfaqmifr,fh tpdk;&/ 'gaMumifhvJ ]cJ} ypfcH&vdkY vefYa[mifvdkufwJh acG;ydefuav;eJY wlwJh usaemf[m qGJcsowif;pmBuD;u ]]wefjyefawmfvSefa&; orm;rsm; ESifh yl;aygif;vIyf&Sm; aew,f/}} qdkwhJ pGyfqGJcsufudk jrefrmusL;ypf 29

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm aemufcsefNyD; ]]&efuek fbaqGonf vufsmqdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhonf/}} qdkwJh pum;udkyJ a&S;OD;pGm &Sif;yg&apawmh/ usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf ygwDudk pNyD; wnfaxmifMuwJhol av;? ig;? q,fa,muf xJrSm wa,muf tygt0if qdkwmvJ rSefygw,f/ t'J Daemufydkif; atmifqef;-tuwf vD pmcsKyftyD; tjyifrSm xGufyD; a&SmifaewJh usaemf[m qdk&S,fvpf uGef>ref; vkyfwJh tcsdefwkH;u .. oifwef; q&mtjzpf tcdkuftwefY 0ifa&muf ulncD Jbh l;wmvJ rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh usaemfhudk usaemf? omref olvkdigvkd rsdK;cspf Arm wa,mufom jzpfw,fvdkY owfrwS fxm; ygw,f/ qdk&S,fvpfvJ r[kwfbl;? uGejf rLepfvJ r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh wckawmh &dS&JU/ usaemfh[m usaemf avhvmcJhwJh pmaytod? usaemfhrSm awG;ac:csifhcsdef Edkifoavmuf OmPfeJY b,fbmom udkrS rudk;uG,fbl;/ yD;awmh wdk;wufwJh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpBf uD; OD;odef;azjrifhvdk uav;awG udkvJ &SifrjyKbl;/ bPrf Sm pkaqmif;xm;wJh aiGr&Sbd l;/ orD; ZeD; awGudkvJ a½TaiG pdefausmuf &wem r0wfap&bl;/ ukefukefajym&,if? wdk;wufwJh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh &JU trd frSmvdk wynfh aqGrsdK; wlrvdYk trnfwyfxm;wJh trd fazmf tdrfap xrif;[if; csufay;&wJhvl? t0wf avQmfzGwfay;&wJh vl rxm;bl; ../ jrefrmusL;ypf 30

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm t'J Dawmh jynfolY qdk&S,fvpf jzpfEdkifwJh t&nftcsif;rsdK; usaemfhrSm &dS[ef rwlygbl;/ usaemfuvJ 'Dvdk jynfolY qdk&S,vf pf rsdK;awmh rjzpfcsifbl;/ reufjzefrS qufao;wmayghAsm ../ jrefrmusL;ypf 31

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (3) OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. wu,fawmh usaemf[m tdyfaewJh acG;waumifygbJ/ tJ'D tdyfaewJh acG;waumifudk OD;odef;azjrifhu pm;rmefckwfNyD; vmvm &efpawmh usaemfu a&;&awmhrSmaygh cifAsm/ vGefcJhwJh aeYuqdk&if usaemf[m OD;odef;azjrihfwdkYvdk jynof lY vuf0Jqdk&S,vf pfBuD; jzpfEkdifwJh t&ntf csif; r&Sd,kHom r[kwfygbl;/ usaemfhudk,f usaemf omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspf wkdif;oljynfom; wOD;rQom rSwf,lygw,f qkdwhJ taMumi;f udk ajymcJhygw,f/ ocifpdk;BuD; uifyGef;wyfay;wJh emrnftwdkif; ajym&r,f qdk&if ]]cspfp&maumif;wJh rsufuef; rsdK;cspfuav;}} aygh cifAs/ usaemf[m ocifpdk;BuD;udk aoewf b,fvdk ypf&w,fqdkwm *syefacwfu pmeJY oifay;cJh bl;w,f cifAs ../ NyD;awmh aoewfukd b,fvdk udkif&w,f? b,fvdk ypf&w,f qdkwm usnfqH rygbJ vufa&mufudkifjyNyD; oifay;cJh bl;w,f cifAs ../ 'gwGifruao;bl;? 0ufbav trsdK;tpm; okH;q,hf&Spf ,rf;tm; &SdwJh ajcmufcsufxGuf aoewfwvuf? tJ'D aoewfrSm tokH;jyKbdkY usnfqHu ajcmuqf ,f ay;cJhbl;w,f cifAs/ NyD;awmh ocifpdk;BuD;aewJh a';'&JNrdKUeJY zsmykHtMum;&Sd *Gav;½Gm&JU ywfywfvnfrSm usqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;wJh udkndK0if; (ac:) udkarmifarmif&JU tudk udkaZmfazwdkYeJY wdkifyifNyD; ta&;ay:vm&if ocifpdk;BuD;udk umuG,f jrefrmusL;ypf 32

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&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm OD;odef;azjrifh[m oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;xrJ Sm wu,fh ta&;yg t&m a&mufwJh ZmwfvdkufBuD; jzpfaeaMumif;udk rsufESm ajymifajymifeJY a&;cJhb;l whJ oufao om\"uawG &Scd Jhbl;w,f rIwfvm;/ 'D pmtkyf xGufvmawmh wu,fh oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;awG tbdkY [m;uGufBuD; wckvdk jzpfcJhMu&w,f qdkwm oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;wdkif; todaygh cifAsm/ yD;awmhvJ O;D ode;f azjrifh[m NAdwdoQ tpdk;& qDrSm rsufESmvdk rsufESm& jzpfatmif yOrö H wyfzGJY&JU acgif;aqmif vkyfay;cJhw,f qdkwm vkHavmufwJh EIdif;,SOfcsufawG &SdcJhbl; ygw,f/ tJ'guawmh OD;odef;azjrif?h ocifodef;az qdkNyD; ocifajrmufatmif odrf0if vmcJhNyD;wJh aemufrS NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opmö awmfcH ynmawmfoif avQmuwf Jh udpöaygh cifAsm .. tJ'Dwkef;u tck toufeJY xif&Sm; &SdaewJh a'gufwmbarmf[m eef;&if;0efBuD;aygh? avQmufykH avQmufenf;uvJ b,fhavmuf aumif;ovJ qdk&if .. ]]cifAsm;wdkY tpdk;& tzGJYudk usKyf rqJbl; axmufcHr,f/ cifAsm; usKyfudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opmö awmfcH ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY a½G;NyD; EdkifiHjcm; vTwaf y;}} wJh .. EdkifiHa&;eJY tcGifhta&;udk? rkHYvJpm;ovdk tvG,fwul oGm;a&muf vJ,l aeMuwmaygh/ tJ'Dwkef;u rGefrGef&nf&nf ajymwwf qdkwwfwJh usaemfwdkY udkBuD;Ekyg? tazmfygao;w,f r[kwfvm; cifAs/ 'gaMumifhvJ a'gufwm OD;barmfeJY ajymMuqdkMu wkef;u tqifajy cJhMuwmaygh/ jrefrmusL;ypf 40

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm tJ'Daemuf ]]'Daumifav; tqiaf jyatmif MunfhvkyfvdkufyguGm? ol NAdwdoQ opmö awmfcH jzpfomG ;&ifvJ tqJNidrf oGm;wmaygh}} vkdY a'gufwm OD;barmfu ynma&; 0efBuD; OD;om,m0wD armifarmifudk ajymNyD;NyDvJ Mum;a&m NynfolYvuf0J qdk&S,fvpBf uD; OD;oed f;azjrifh[m abmif;bD 0wfpHk 0,f0wfNyD; ajczsm; waxmufaxmuf bGwfbdeyfBuD; wa*gufa*guf jzpfvmchJw,f rIwfvm;/ aemuf xkH;pHtwdkif; ynmawmfoif ta½G;cH&r,hf vlawGudk ac:NyD; pmar;yJG ppfMunfhvdkufawmh OD;odef;azjrifhu bdw?f OD;ndKjru xdyf? OD;armifwif qdkwmu tv,f? tJ'Dvdk jzpfcJhMu&w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u OD;om,m0wD armifarmif[m ZGwf rw&m; vkyfay;awmhr,fh qJqrJ Sm EdkifiHa&;orm; jzpfwJh OD;oed f;azjrifhu - ]]cifAsm; ,D;wD;,m;wm; rvkyfeJY? pmar;yGJ ppfcsufawG bmawG rvkdbl;/ usKyfudk ra½G;&if 'ku© jzpfoGm;r,f}} vdkY oGm;Budrf;wJh twGuf - ]]vrf;rSef twdkif;bJ vkyfEdkifr,f}} qdkyD; OD;om,m0wD armifarmifu OD;ndKjrudk ynmawmfoif tjzpf a½G;cs,fvdkuwf ,fvdkY Mum;bl;&w,f cifAs/ 'gawG [kwfw,f r[kwfzl; qdkwm a'gufwm OD;barmfeJY OD;ndKjra&m OD;odef;azjrifh udk,fwdkifa&m odMurSmaygh cifAsm/ tJ OD;odef;azjrifh[m ynmawmfoif tjzpfeJY rdrd ta½G;rcH &awmh bl;vJ oda&m? ta½G;cHNyD; ynmawmfoif oGm;&r,fh OD;ndKjrudk ]]e,fcsJY NAdwdoQ&JU tvdkawmf&d? Armh opömazmuf avmuaf umif}} bmnmeJY tawmfcsnf; yuyf ufpufpuf owif;pm *sme,fawGu a&;vdkufao;w,f rIwfvm;/ jrefrmusL;ypf 41

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm 'Dawmhum OD;odef;azjrifh[m [dkpOftcg ocif b0 uwnf;u EdkifiHa&;udk vufeufwck tjzpf tokH;jyKNyD; NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU opömawmfcH ynmawmfoif tjzpf avQmufcJhb;l ao;,if - ppfajy; tpdk;&&JU vufatmufrSm a&mufae&wJh O;D odef;azjrifh [mvJ EdkifiHa&; tac:ta0: awGeJY zkH;zdNyD;? rsdK;cspf vil ,uf av;awGudk rdrd udk,fusdK;twGuf yOrö H wyfom; tjzpf rodrf;oGif;bl;? rvkyfcdkif;bl;vdkY qkdEdkifrvm; ../ usaemf odwmudk ajym&&if *syef ppf½IH;NyD;p tcsdefu OD;odef;azjrifh[m r[mrdwf NAdwdoQudk x&d if rcsdatmif emcJhw,f/ NAdwdoQ tpdk;&&JU yOrö H owif;pm avewfom; tmabmfawG twdkif; wjym;rS ravQmhbl;/ e,fcsJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufzkdY usaemfwdkYu vkyf,if? b,fawmhrS jyefrvmEdkifwJh *syefawG&JU tvdkusaewJh zufqpfvdkY cifAsm;u pGyfpGJw,f/ &efukefNrdKUu &yfuGufwdkif;rSm vkdufNyD; r[mrdwf t*FvdyfeJY yl;aygif;a&; qdkwJh w&m;yGJawG vkyfcJhw,f ../ usaemf[m OD;oed f;azjrifh&JU tJ'D jynof lY vuf0J qd&k S,fvpf vkyfief;rsdK;awGawmh rvkyfcJhrdwm trSeyf gbJ ../ eufjzefrS qufMuao;wmaygh ../ jrefrmusL;ypf 42

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY twd fzGifhay;pm tdwfzGifhay;pm trSwf (5) vuf0JrlrSef qdk&S,fvpfBuD; OD;odef;azjrifh cifAsm; .. usaemf[m vuf0J vufsm qdk&S,fvpfawG? uGefjrLepfawG r[kwf ygbl;/ trsdK;om;a&;ukd a&SU½IwJh omref olvdkigvdk rsdK;cspfwa,mufom jzpfygw,f qdkwm 0efcHcJh NyD;ygNyD/ tJ'g[m tckrS r[kwfygbl;? a&S;uwnf;u ygbJ cifAs/ 'gudk usaemfh &Jabm&f JbufawG tm;vkH;u oMd uygw,/f usaemf[m tawG;tac: t,tl qa&;eJY ywfoufvdkY uGefjrLepf oabmw&m;udk vufcH BudKufESpfouof l jzpfaMumif; usaemfeJY eD;eD;uyfuyf aygif;bl;olwdkif; .. odbl; Mum;bl; xm;wmeJY rwlatmif wtHhwMo awGYMuwm csnf;bJ cifAs/ 'gayr,fh vkyftm;ay;Edkifonf txd usaemfh ukd,fudk usaemf rpGefYvTwfEdkifvdkY udk,feJY wef½kH uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: t,tl qudk BudKufESpfoufwJh avhvmqJ rsdK;csprf sufuef; tjzpfyJ usaemhfudk,f usaemf owfrSwf xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rsdK;cspfrsufuef; jzpfwJh usaemf[m bmupd ö jzpfjzpf trsdK;om;a&;udk a&SUwef;wifNyD; pOf;pm;vdkY .. jrefrmusL;ypf 43

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk vufcoH nfh wdkifatmif uGefjrLepf bdk;atBuD;rsm; jzpfMuwJh qdkAD,uf½koQ eJY w½kyfeD wkdY&JU tmPmpuf vufatmufudkawmh ra&mufvdkbl; cifAs/ 'D .. qdkAD,uf eJY jynfolYw½kyfeD wkdYudk usaemfh tjrifeJY jrifjy &r,f qdk&if .. uGefjrLepf tawG;tac:udk BudKufwmcsif;? vufcHwmcsif; usaemfwkdYeJY wnf;wl&nfwl &SdMuwJh vlrsdK;? wef;wl&nfwl vufcHMuwJh wdkif;jynf ../ tJ'DvdkbJ oabmxm;w,f/ owl dYk[m usaemfwdkY t&if vufcHcJh& prf;oyfcJhvdkY? usaemfwdkYxuf tawYGtBuHK rsm;csif rsm;rayghAs/ 'D oabmw&m;udk BudKufwm vufcHwmjcif;awmh twlwlavmuf ygb/J b,fvdkrS ydkrxl;jcm; ygbl;vdkY ,kHw,f cifAs/ tJ'Dvdk ,lq ,kHMunfol? uGefjrLepf tawG;tac: udk vufcHNyD; avhvmqJ (avvh mqJ qdkwm t*Fvdyfacwuf e*g;eDwdkufxkwf ocifpdk;BuD; a&;wJh qdk&S,fvpf 0g'eYJ edoQnf; qdkwJh pmtkyfxGufvm uwnf;u tcktcsdef txd avhvmaecJwh m cifAs/ tESpf 20 ausmfygNyD/) t'J Dvdk avhvmaeqJ jzpfwJh ½dk;½dk; Armjynfom; rsdK;cspfwa,muf rQom jzpfw,f qdkwmudk OD;odef;azjrifh tpuwnf;u usaemfhudk odygw,f../ 'gayr,fh OD;odef;azjrifh[m tmPm&&SdcsifwJh EdkifiHa&;rsdK; pdwfr0ifpm; wwfwJh usaemfhvkd vlwa,mufukd rdred JY NydKifbufvdkY xifvmw,f/ rdrdvdkbJ tkyfcsKyfa&; tydkif;rSm wm0ef&Sdol yk*d¾Kvfrsm; tay:rSm rodrom vTrf;rdk;&atmif BudK;yrf;aeolvdkY xifvmw,f/ 'gaMumihfvJ OD;odef;azjrifh&JU qGJcsowif;pmu ]]&efukefbaqG onf? *syefawmfvSefa&; umvrS t&Sdeft0gESifh cifrifrIudk taMumif;jyKí jrefrmusL;ypf 44

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhokdY tdwfzGifhay;pm tcsdKUaom wm0ef&Sd wm0efcH yk*dK¾ vfrsm; tay:wGif? rodrom vrT ;f rdk;rI &atmif BudK;yrf;aeonf}} vdkY a&;vdkufwmaygh/ yD;awmh ]]4if;onf vufsm qdk&S,fvpf wOD; jzpfcJhNyD; wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;rsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; &Sdaeí}} vdkY pGJcsuf wifvdkuf wmbJ/ 'Dae&mrSm OD;odef;azjrifhudk usaemf wck csD;usL;w,f/ OD;odef;azjrifh[m awmf,kHwef,kH ,kwfrm&ufpufwJh vlawGu wdwfwqdwfawmif rvkyf0HhwJh tvkyfrsdK;udk ajymifajymif vkyf&JwJh owåd&Sdw,f/ tckMunfhav? wefjyef awmfvSefa&; orm;awG&JU taygif;ygvdkY pGyfpGJNyD; a*smufcsvdkufcsifawmh vufsm qdk&,S fvpfvdkY pGyfpGJvdkuwf mbJ/ wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m rrd d&JU NydKifbufvdkY txifa&mufaeol usaemfvdk vludk rqdkxm;eJY .. rdrdudk b,fvdkrS rxdcdkuf rapmfum; &efndK§ ; r&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawG udkawmif .. 'Dyk*¾dKvfudk csvdkuf,if ighrsm; awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&u ,kHMunfcsuf trSwfawG wdk;wdk;ay; vdrfhrvm; qdkwJh taeeJY rdrdydkif ]qGJcs owif;pm} uaeNyD; cscs jyaewm[m wdkif;jynfu tod/ wdkif;jynfu tjrif/ txif t&Sm;bJ rIwfvm;/ wu,fawmh OD;odef;azjrifh[m yifudk,f vlawmf ynmwwf wa,muf jzpfygvsufeJY qdk&S,fvpf EdkifiH jzpfvm,if ae&m,lcsif vdak ewJh pdwfawG qla0vTrf;rdk; avmb a'go rapä&pwd fu xdef;csKyf r&Edkif avmufatmif zkH;vTrf;vmawmh .. jrefrmusL;ypf 45

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm ]]awmfvSefa&; tpdk;& qdkwm oli,fESyfpm; r[kwfyguvm;}} vdkYawmif rawG;rdawmhbl;/ rjrifEdkif awmhbl;/ 'DtaMumif;eYJ qufvsuf OD;odef;azjrifhwdkY rodvdkufwJh taMumif;uav; wckudk usaemf a&;jyvdkuftkH;r,f cifAs/ tJ'gu ]]qdk&S,fvpfygw}D } qdkNyD; ay:vm&whJ taMumif;bJ/ &mZ0if rSwfwrf; wckvJ jzpfEdkifwmaygh cifAsm/ ta&;awmfykH tNyD;rSm t*Fvdyf 0ifvmawmh usaemfwdYkuvJ t*Fvdyfudk qufwdkufcsif? uGefjrLepyf gwDu ocifpdk;BuD;uvJ OD;odef; azjrihf&JU aoG;aqmifcsufaMumifh rwdkifcsifbl; jzpfae? ocifoef;xGef;uvJ OD;odef;azjrifhudk axmufcHxm; - t'J Dwkef;u O;D oed f;azjrifheJY ocifpdk;BuD;wdkY t*Fvdyf ppftpdk;&u zGJYay;r,fh tpdk;& tzGYJxJrSm tpdk;& tzGJY0iaf wG tjzpf odyfNyD; ygcsif aeMuawmh (tck OD;odef;azjrifh vkyfaeovdkaygh cifAsm/) NydKifbufjzpfwJh qmay:xGef; wdkYudkvJ wzufucs/ jynfolY ta&;awmfykH ygwDu acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifxm;wJh OD;AaqGBuD; udkvJ NydKifbuf jzpfvmEdkifwJh vl qdkNyD; a½TawmifMum;vrf; xJrSm aewmudk vufn§dK;xdk;jy/ t*Fvyd f tpdk;&qDrSm rsufESm &atmifvJ usaemfwdkYudk vufeufawGeJY wyfawGeJY t*Fvdyfudk wdkufbdkY tqifoifh &SdaeMu ygw,fvdkY tckvdkbJ cyfajymifajymif vufndK§ ;xkd;jy/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfchJvdkY &JabmfawG idkMu rIdifMu? pdwf\"mwfysufMu? aygufuGJMu jzpfukefawmh .. jrefrmusL;ypf 46

&efukefbaqG OD;odef;azjrifhodkY twd fzGifhay;pm AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmifBuD;u ppfwyf tzsufcH&wJh &JabmfawGudk uref;uwef; pkpnf;NyD; jynfoYl&Jabmf wyfzGJY zJGYay;? AdkvfrSL;pdefrSefudk tkyfcsKyfcdkif;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk OuúXwif tJ'Dvkdvyk f/ tJ'D tcsdefrSm tpm;taomufuvJ &Sm;yg;? taeuvJ qi;f &?J wyftzsufcH&vdkY toJaygufaewJh &JabmfawGu .. txl;ojzihf ,dk;',m; jrefrm e,pf yfrSm uG,fvGefoGm;wJh (csdKcif) acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG? tmVm0ubpdk; acgif;aqmifwJh &JabmfawG? t'J D &JabmfawGu tar&duef t*Fvdyf ppfom;awG qDu *spfum;awGvk? vufeufawGvkeJY vkyfvmMu .. 'DtcsdefrSm tck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u 'DaumifawG 'Dvkdxm;vdkYawmh rjzpfzl;qdkNyD; wcsdKUudk NAdwdoQ tpdk;& zGJYpnf;wJh bk&ifr wyfrawmfxJrSm 0if&atmif vkyfay;? usefwJh &JabmfawG twGuf aeYpOf pm;a& &du©mawG &atmif aemufuG,fu wacsmufacsmufeJY &Smay; .. 'DtxJ vufeuf tjynfhtpHkeJY e,tf ESHY usef&pfcJwh Jh jynfolY ta&;awmfykH wyfzGJYudkvJ e,fruRHatmif xdef;odrf;xm;&/ t'J D tcsed frSmbJ wdkif;jynf&JU a&SUa&;udk MunfhNyD; ygwDawG tuGJuGJ tjym;jym; rjzpfbJ ,kHMunfcsuf &Swd ,f qdwk mudk temcH atmifth D;NyD; jyvdkufMuygvdkY toJaygufaewJh jynfolYta&;awmfykH ygwDudk 0dkif;ajzmif;zs/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfMuw,f cifAs/ uGefjrLepfygwD wckxJrSm? uRefawmfwdkY tm;vkH;a&mNyD; 0ifaygif;vdkufbdkY wygwDxJ? wzJGYxJ vkyvf duk fbdkY? wkdif;jynftwGuf usaemfwdkYubJ tavQmhay;Ny;D aygif;ay;bkdY ajymMuwmaygh/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY? AdkvfcsKyfae0if;wdkY? AdkvfrSL;atmifBuD;wdkY wawGygbJ/ jrefrmusL;ypf 47

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