Universities and protection of education sector. The fact that majority of the population of University students are of majority age (18 Years) thus have right to join any political party of their choice should be should be subject to such laws. The freedom to profess ones political ideology in practice should be enjoyed exclusively outside the compounds of the universities/Institutions. Existence of political party branches in or near the higher learning institutions is a green light for the political undertakings to take place in the vicinity of the Universities/Institutions. Thirdly; In order to make sure that the laws and regulations governing political activities in the higher learning institutions are effectively complied with, there should be detachment of the Institutional administration from whatever political alignment it is associated with. This should include oath to be taken by whoever is appointed to acquire any position in a higher learning institution on not taking part or leading in a manner that protect or profess the interests of a certain party. This will enable the administrating officers to perform their duties without fear of being indebted to certain persons or party whose influence has enabled him or her to acquire that position and thus being compelled to work protecting the interest of such party or person. Fourthly; Political parties should understand that Universities and other related institutions are meant to provide professional skills advancement among the students; they are not political forum or platform for advertising and professing their ideologies thus they should completely refrain from interfering with the undertakings of the universities/Institutional affairs and student organizations. Instead, they should resort 38
to alternative available and lawful means to acquire members outside the vicinity of the educational institutions. Fifth; Prior education on the laws applicable in the vicinity of the universities and related institutions should be mandatory to the students especially first years at the time of admission. This will acquaint them with what should be done and what should not be done while at the University campuses where laws related to party undertakings in the universities should be included extensively. Sixthly: Since Higher learning institutions are not established for political purposes and political undertakings do not form part of these institutions, they should be run free from political influence and alignments which might lead operation of political activities and hence create party blocks in these institutions. This should be observed from the administration, policy making authorities, disciplinary boards, colleges as well as in student organizations. 39
BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Allan M. Hoffman & Randal W. Summers (2000) Managing Colleges and Universities: Issues for Leadership. Bergin & Garvey. U.S.A Bruce L. R. Smith et al (2008) Closed Mind: Politics and Ideology in American Universities. Brookings Institution Press. Washington D.C David Campbell (1999) Promoting Participation: Law or Politics?. Cavendish Publishing Limited. London Erlich, H. (1989) The students and University in 20th Century Egyptian politics. Frank Cass & CO. LTD. Great Britain John Brademas (1987) The politics of Education: Conflict and Consensus on Capitol Hill. University of Oklahoma. Norman Thierry M. Luescher et al (2016) Student Politics in Africa: Representation and activism. African Minds. Cape Town- South Africa Kothari, C.R. (2004) Research methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Age international (p) Ltd, publishers, India Majamba H.I., (2009) Fundamentals of legal Research: A student's companion, Faculty of Law, University of Dar Es Salaam. Reports and Policies United states of America special report on Education and Conflict in Cote d‟Ivoire.(2008) TANZANIAS‟ NATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY, 1999 40
Articles and other Publications Junaidi Awang Besar et al (2015) Managing Political Behavior of University Students: Mediterranean Journal of Social science. Vol 16 No. 453 Mahinyila, Deogratias C. “Legal Challenges Facing University Students‟ Organizations in Decision making and Implementation in Tanzania”. LL.B Dissertation, University of Dar es salaam-Dar es salaam, 2019 Sjur Bergan (2007) Student participation in higher education governance. University of Bologna Evangelos Kyzirakos (2013) Law as Politics: An examination of the interdependence between law and politics in the German Federal Republic. Working paper series on the legal regulation of political parties, No. 38 41
ANNEXURE 1 A. Introduction i. My name is DANIEL, GODFREY a fourth-year student at the University of Dar es salaam School of Law. I am conducting a research on the topic “LEGAL REGULATION OF STUDENTS‟ INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS IN THE HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS an overview of the laws/regulations governing students participation and involvement in party politics while at the Univeristy campuses‟‟ as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) of the university of Dar es Salaam. This research is purely for academic purpose. ii. Kindly find time to fill this questionnaire. Feel free to omit any question that you think is offensive. iii. Personal Contact (Optional) Name …………………………………………………………………………………………… Contacts……………………………………………. E-mail……………………………………….. University/Institution……………………………………………………………………….(Mandatory) College………………………………………………………….. 42
B. Questions (i). Are you aware of the existence of any laws and regulations regulating political affairs in the Universities?. YES/NO …………………… (ii). If the answer to (i) above is YES, are such laws/regulations effective?. YES/NO………. (iii). Have you taken part in the University politics?. YES/NO………….. (iv). How do you explain/perceive politics at the University …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (v). Are you aware of the freedom of association under the Constitution of The United Republic of Tanzania?. YES/NO………….. (vi). In relation to the politics in the Universities, Do you think the freedom of association has impacts in the University affairs?. YES/NO………… (vii). If yes, What could such impacts be? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….. (viii). Is there any connection between political parties i.e CCM, CHADEMA and the students organization at this University/Institution?. YES/NO……………. 43
If yes, what reasons makes you think there is such a connection between the two? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………. (ix). What do you think could be the impacts of the party politics in the Universities? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………. (x). What is your personal opinion on university politics and parties politics? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….. Thank you Very much for your cooperation. 44
Researcher; Daniel, Godfrey Phone No; 0759945246 0674209042 E-Mail; [email protected] 45
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