PRACTICAL GUIDE

PRACTICAL GUIDE

Content Tinkercad Web Browser Application Electric circuit and connection Measurement

Tinkercad Web Browser Application Tinkercad is a free-of-charge, online 3D modeling program that runs in a web browser. Since it became available in 2011 it has become a popular platform for creating models for 3D printing as well as an entry-level introduction to constructive solid geometry in schools. https://www.tinkercad.com

1.Find “Tinkercad” under Autodesk…login as students Application 2. Select “ Circuit” and “Create new Circuit” – name your circuit etc

3. Tinkercad working space layout Rename the design with your design title / your name > double click the area Toolbar To Simulate the design / circuit Working space Panel to select components > drag out the component to working space

4. Create the design / circuit  User can select and drag the component from component’s panel to working space User can enter the value for the component The component can be pulled from the component’s panel.

Before we start to design circuit……. What is breadboard? A breadboard is a solderless construction base used for developing an electronic circuit and wiring for projects. These holes let user easily insert electronic components to prototype an electronic circuit.

Breadboard Configuration For Power Buses / rails strips Supply Terminal strips connection Terminal strips To connect the component For Power Buses / rails strips Supply connection https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2020/01/06/how-to-use-a-breadboard-wiring-circuit-and-arduino-interfacing

Breadboard Wiring Configuration The whole The whole nodes is nodes is electrically connected electrically in a horizontal row connected in a horizontal Nodes is not row electrically connected because in the The whole different row nodes is electrically connected in a vertical row https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2020/01/06/how-to-use-a-breadboard-wiring-circuit-and-arduino-interfacing

Example Breadboard Wiring Configuration

Electric Circuit An electric circuit is a path along which an electric current exists can flow. A simple electrical circuit consists of a power supply, conducting wires and a load. When the connections are made properly, the circuit will “close”, and the current will flow through the circuit and light the lamp. Three types of electric circuits are series, parallel and series-parallel circuits. htt.ps://www.bulbs.com/learning/circuit.aspx

Series Circuit In a series circuit, there is only one path for the electrons to flow

When converting a circuit from a schematic diagram Circuit connection to a breadboard wiring configuration, students should ensure that the components are connected in the Series wiring configuration on breadboard same row of nodes otherwise, it will cause an open circuit. e.g: Label A shows the connection for the R1 and the positive terminal of the supply located at node 6. Label B shows the connection for the R2 and R3 terminal of the supply located at node 10. B C D A AB CD Schematic diagram

Parallel Circuit In a parallel circuit, the different parts of the electric circuit are on several different branches. If there is a break in one branch of the circuit electrons can still flow in other branches

The positive and negative terminals will be connected Circuit connection to each component at the same node. e.g Parallel wiring configuration on breadboard Label A is the connection at the positive terminal with components R1, R2 and R3 on node 6 AB Label B is the connection at the negative terminal with components R1, R2 and R3 on node 10 B A Schematic diagram

Series-Parallel Circuit Combination of series and parallel characteristics

Label A is the connection at the positive terminal with Circuit connection components R1 on node 6 Label B is the connection between components R1, R2 Series - Parallel wiring configuration on breadboard and R3 on node 10 Label C is the connection between components R2, R3 A D and R4 on node 14 B C Label D is the connection at the negative terminal with components R4 on node 18 A B DC Schematic diagram

Measurement Measuring is the act of determining a target's size, length, amount volume, weight, capacity, or other aspects with an instrument marked in standard units. The equipment used for the measurement of electrical elements is a multimeter. The multimeter is divided into 3 types meters that are ohmmeter, voltmeter and ammeter. https://www.sensata.com

Digital vs Analogue multimeter https://overseas.sanwa-meter.co.jp/products

Multimeter as The multimeter has its battery to supply electrical Ohmmeter current through the resistance for measuring the value of the resistance. Hance does not attempt to measure a resistor when the circuit is still connected to the power supply. When the user is using the analogue multimeter, the user must calibrate the ohmmeter before doing any measurements by connecting both end probes and adjusted the knob until the meter reading is zero ohms. The calibration should be carried out every time the user changes the value at the indicating scale. For a digital multimeter, there is no need to do the calibration before measuring the resistance.

Resistance measurement Resistance measurement shall be without Ohmmeter’s position on the breadboard while supply. measuring the resistance. Schematic diagram

Multimeter as Voltage measurement should be voltmeter performed in parallel with the component. This means the voltmeter is placed on the component in parallel.

Voltage drop measurement The voltmeter is placed parallel to the Voltmeter’s position on the breadboard while measuring component the voltage drop. Schematic diagram

Multimeter as Current measurement should be ammeter done in series with the current flow. This means the ammeter is placed in the current path.

The ammeter is placed series to the Current measurement component. Ammeter’s position on the breadboard while measuring the current. Schematic diagram

Method of installing an ammeter in a circuit

Schematic diagram Step 1: Built the circuit Circuit built on breadboard

Step 2: Part of the current path is made an open circuit Open circuit Open circuit Schematic diagram

Step 3: Place the ammeter in the current path that has been made an open circuit. Open circuit Schematic diagram

References: 1. https://www.tinkercad.com retrieved on 01 October 2021 2. https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2020/01/06/how-to-use-a-breadboard-wiring-circuit-and-arduino- interfacing retrieved on 01 October 2021 3. https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/references/how-to-use-a-breadboard retrieved on 01 October 2021 4. https://www.bulbs.com/learning/circuit.aspx retrieved on 02 October 2021 5. https://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/what-is-an-electric-circuit retrieved on 02 October 2021 6. https://www.sensata.com retrieved on 03 October 2021 7. https://overseas.sanwa-meter.co.jp/products retrieved on 03 October 2021