A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia Volume 2

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 123Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper11. Universiti Borneo Marine 1995 Borneo Marine Research • Aquaculture and marine Malaysia Research Institute (BMRI), science Sabah Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan • UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Marine biodiversity Sabah. • Coastal oceanography Marine aquaculture, Tel:+6088-320121 • Marine biotechnology Fax:+6088-320261 • [email protected] www.ums.edu.my/ipmb12 Universiti Water 2010 Head of Unit • Environmental Malaysia Research Unit Sabah Water Research Unit • Managerial School of Science and • Economic and social Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Tel: (+088) 320000 ext. 5864/5148/5061 Fax: (+6088) 320174 http://www.ums.edu.my/wru13. Universiti Institute of 2001 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu • Physical & geological Malaysia Oceanography oceanography Terengganu and 21030 Kuala Terengganu Environment • Biological oceanography & Terengganu, MALAYSIA biodiversity Tel: +609-6683195 • Geochemistry & marine Fax: +609-6692166 pollution http://inos.umt.edu.my/ • Satellite oceanography & marin informatics

124 A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper14. Universiti Institut 1979 Institut Akuakultur Tropika • Economics & post-harvest Malaysia Akuakultur (AKUATROP) technology Terengganu Tropika (AKUATROP) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu • Aquatic animal health 21030 Kuala Terengganu • Fish nutrition Terengganu, MALAYSIA • Breeding technology Tel : +609-6683502 (Director • Aquaculture biotechnology Office) • Aquaculture engineering Fax : +609-6683390 Email : [email protected]. Universiti Institut 2004 http://akuatrop.umt.edu.my • Marine biotechnology Malaysia Bioteknologi Director Terengganu Marin Institut Bioteknologi Marin • Genomic, agriculture, and neutraceutical/pharmaceutical Universiti Malaysia Terengganu • Biotechnology 21030 Kuala Terengganu Terengganu, Malaysia. Tel. : +609-6683104/3661 Fax. : +609-668310516. Universiti East Coast 2013 http://imb.umt.edu.my/ • Quality Engineering and Sultan Zainal Environmental Pengarah Modelling Abidin Research Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Institute Gong Badak Campus, 21300 • Forensic science environment (ESERI) Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu • Risk assessment and Darul Iman, MALAYSIA Tel : +609-668 8888 environmental health Fax : +609-666 2566 | • Environment and resources Email : [email protected] • Smart forensic laboratory http://www.unisza.edu.my/eseri/

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 125Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper17. UNITEN Centre for - Head of Center Sustainable Technology and Centre for Sustainable • Sustainable Urban Drainage Environment Technology and Environment Systems (SUDS) UNITEN Putrajaya Campus: • Urban water system Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 • Rain water harvesting, Kajang, Selangor. • Eco-hydrology Tel: 603-8921 2020, • River rehabilitation Fax: 603-8928 7166.18. UNITEN Centre for 2008 http://www.uniten.edu.my • Stormwater Storm Water Centre for Storm Water and • Flood hydrology and Geohazard Geohazard Management • Geohazard Management • Water quality UNITEN Putrajaya Campus: Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor. Tel: 603-8921 2020, • Environment Fax: 603-8928 7166. • Hydropower19. Universiti Centre for 2001 http://www.uniten.edu.my/ • Aquatic biologyTunku Abdul Biodiversity Dept. of Biological ScienceRahman Research Faculty of Science(UTAR) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Malaysia Tel: 605-468 8888 ext. 4501 Fax: 605-466 1676 E-mail: [email protected]

126 A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper20. Universiti Centre for 2001 Centre for Environment and • Water & wastewater treatment Tunku Abdul Environment Green Technology Rahman and Green (UTAR) Technology T +605-466 2323 ext.: 4496 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan University, Bandar Barat 31900 Kampar, Perak Malaysia Email: [email protected]

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 127Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper TABLE 7.3 GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE WATER R&D INSTITUTIONSNo. Research Year Contact Research Focus Area Centre Established • Water Resources • River1. National 1990 Director General • Coastal Hydraulic • Geohydrology Research NAHRIM • Water Quality Institute • Water and Environment Malaysia Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai (NAHRIM) Management 43300, Seri Kembangan • Water Quality • Forest hydrology Selangor, Malaysia • Water Resources Management & http://www.nahrim.gov.my/ Development2. FRIM (Forest 1929 Director General FRIM • Hydrology Research Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), • New Drainage Manual (MASMA) Institute 52109 Kepong, Malaysia) Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia T : 603-627970003. Humid 1999 F : 603 62731314 Tropic http://www.frim.gov.my/ Centre Director HTC Kuala Lumpur Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia No. 2 Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta. 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +603 2095 8700 Fax: +603 2095 3366 Website: www.htckl.org.my

128 A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper4. Fisheries 1949 Director • Sustainable Aquaculture Research Fisheries Research Institute Technology Institute 11960 BatuMaung Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA Tel: + 604 626 3925/26; Fax: +604 626 22105. Nuclear 1972 http://www.fri.gov.my • Water and Natural Resources Malaysia Director Management Bahagian Teknologi Sisa & Alam Sekitar • Marine Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) Bangi 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. T 03-89112000 F 03-892538276. Indah Water 1994 http://www.nuclearmalaysia.gov.my/ • Sewerage Management Research Konsortium Chief Executive Officer and Development Sewage Treatment Plants7. Syarikat Air 1999 Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd • Treatment Process Performance Johor Level 1-4 Block J, Pusat Bandar Damansara, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA Tel: +603 2780 1100 Fax: +603 2780 1101 http://www.iwk.com.my/ • Water Supply Management Chief Executive Officer SAJ Holdings Sdn. Bhd. • Wastewater management Jalan Garuda P.O. Box 262, Larkin, Johor Bahru Tel: 07-224 4040 Fax: 07-223 4060 http://www.saj.com.my/

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 129Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper8. SYABAS 1996 Chief Executive Officer • Water Supply Headquarters Jalan Pantai Baharu 59990 Kuala Lumpur 1-800-88-5252 http://www.syabas.com.my/

130 A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paper MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT NAHRIM BOARD DG of NAHRIM PUBLIC PRIVATE OTHERUNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITIES INSTITUTIONS UM, USM, UKM, UPM, UNITEN, UTP, UTAR FRIM, HTC KL, IWK, UTM, UMS, UNIMAS, SYABAS, SAJ, FRI, JMG, UMT, UNISZA NUCLEAR MALAYSIAFigure 7.2. Proposed Water Research Consortium to be headed by NAHRIM.

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 131Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position PaperChapter 8Conclusions andRecommendationThe Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) had 4. Reviewing water-related policies, rules,awarded a project titled “Study on the Current regulations, and laws passed by Federal andStatus and Needs Assessment of Water Resources State Governments to management preciousResearch in Malaysia” to the researchers of Institut resources and put it into most useful purposesPengurusan Alam Sekitar dan Sumber Air (IPASA), with higher efficiencies.; andUniversitiTeknologi Malaysia. The project objectiveswere three-fold: (1) to compile a complete inventory of 5. Some other water-related issues were alsopast and ongoing research on water and water-related covered but in a fragmented way as full record oftopics, duly classified under distinct categories for the issues were not available in literature. Theseease of reference; (2) to assess Water R&D research issues include: groundwater policies, rainwaterneeds until the year 2020 of different ministries, harvesting scope and opportunities in Malaysia;departments, agencies, companies and public and wastewater State of art techniques tools andprivate NGO sectors; and (3) to review the overall methods, etc.governance of R&D on water for greater effectivenessand efficiency including the need for the creation of Based on the above categories/classifications,centres of excellence in existing institutions or forming the study conclusions are also prepared separately.new ones to undertake specialized and integrated There is a growing trend and perception that peopleresearch on specific thematic areas. The project usually looking for conclusions of any study in thumps-team divided the project objectives into these main up and thumps-down fashion. However, in some typescategories to achieve the given targets: of study (e.g. water resources management studies)1. Desktop study to review funding and investment in it is not always possible to answer any problems in ‘true’ or ‘wrong’. Instead, the answer or solution may Water R&D mostly by MOSTI and MOHE; lies between ‘true’ and ‘wrong’ and the solution of a2. Publications on Water R&D by different institutions particular water problem may change temporally and spatially. Today’s ‘true’ may be tomorrow’s ‘wrong’ and and departments; vice versa. For example, a higher amount of annual3. Establishing priority listing of Water R&D from the rainfall in Sabah could not and should not be projected to Peninsular Malaysia as it is not economically extensive consultations of stakeholders and water feasible to use rainfall of Sabah to meet the drinking experts; water of Johor Bahru. Thus, the project team realises

132 A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paperand concludes that existence of water resources Over the past ten years, Malaysia has spentin Eastern Malaysia and Western Malaysia may be between 0.5 and 1.07% of its GDP for Researchassessed separately and different policies should be and development (R&D). This is still relatively lowspecifically designed for separate regions. compared to the developed nations. Water R&D share in total annual GDP investment is very small The project team listed different Water R&D compared to energy and other sectors. Waterfields successfully and these listings are divided R&D field is diverse and precise estimation of totalinto different five categories of Water R&D: water investment in this field is difficult. However, it canresources and watershed management; water supply be generally ascertained that the government’sand demand; irrigation and drainage; sanitation, expenditure on the Water R&D may be much lesswastewater treatment & environmental issues; and than 0.5% of the country’s annual GDP. The projectwater and climate change. Priority listings of sub- team suggests that government investment in Waterfields of each main Water R&D categories are given R&D should increase to explore new techniquesin the text of the report. In addition, the Water R&D and tools for capturing surface runoff, transportingcategories fixed in this project are closely associated and managing fresh water resources, and disposingto the key core areas of national water resources off wastewater to safe locations without adverselypolicy (NWRP) (2012). The key core areas of NWRP affecting the country’s population and environment.are: water resources security, water resources The effects of climate change are still need to besustainability, and partnership (governance aspects). assessed within the country to estimate preciseHowever, the project team has established priority amount of fresh water available in the country andlisting of more than 95 sub-fields of Water R&D. same can be projected by using different climaticdifferent listings can be viewed in the text of the report. models for the next few decades. The precise amountWe conclude that the majority of stakeholders and of available water is necessary for long-term planningwater experts prefer ‘water resources and watershed in the country as most development activities directlymanagement’ and emphasise that this field of or indirectly depend on the reliable supply of freshresearch may be given more priority in fund allocation water.by the Federal and State Governments. The funding information for this study was The report has presented brief introduction of provided by Malaysian Science and Technologyvarious policies including: rainwater harvesting, green Information Centre (MASTIC) and Ministry oftechnology, urbanisation policy, environmental policies, Education (MOE). The awarded grants weregroundwater policies, national water resource policy, categorised according to research theme categoriesnational forest policy, land-use policy, wastewater (biodiversity, climate change, drainage, energy,management policy, etc. However, comprehensive pollution, water management and others), geologicalreview of these policies was out of the project scope. classification of the water (coast, island, lake, rain, river, waste and undefined) and the type of research Yet, stakeholder engagement in devising water- (science, technology and social). The analysis ofrelated policies in Malaysia is not encouraging except the MOSTI grants data revealed that Researchin limited involvement of farmers in some irrigation Universities (RUs) received 56% of the researchschemes in the country. However, their engagement projects awarded in last decade (from 2001 to 2011),in decision making process is still required to build with a total of 139 research projects. We also foundconfidence between the water operators and users. that the highest number of research grants related toThis type of cooperation will ultimately improve water research was awarded in the 9th Malaysia Planefficiency of water application and reduce non-revenue (2006-2010) by MOHE (159 projects) and MOSTI (88water (NRW) in the country. projects). The strength of any higher education institute could possibly be judged from the number of

A Study on the Current Status and Needs Assessment of 133Water Resources Research in Malaysia - Position Paperpublications which are being published by its limitations are as follows:researchers. In this study, a bibliometric analysis on • The study findings are based on the availablepast water research in Malaysia was conducted usingthe data mined from Web of Science (WOS) and literature and its findings could not be interpretedSCOPUS. We performed basic statistical aspects of as whole depiction of water resources issues inthe bibliometric analysis, such as citations distribution, Malaysia.publications growth, authors’ and institutions’ • The study findings are mainly focussed to thenetworks. The results are summarised in graphical accessible databases to the project team thatvisualisations to portray the complex bibliographic have been used for mining data for the project. Werelationships, trends and patterns. The following strongly believe that a bigger range of databaseskeywords related to water were used in data mining could be available with higher scope and broadfrom WOS and SCOPUS databases: Eutrophication, covering in future. So, the findings of study mayStormwater, Hydrology, Reservoir, Well (thermal/ be not complete if the same objectives are beingspring), River, Sea, Offshore, Water and health achieved by using new tools and techniques inissue, Water pollution, Water analysis, Water issue, future.Wetlands, Flood, Groundwater, Lake, Pond, Rainfall, • Prioritisation of Water R&D fields is based on theCoast, Estuary, Wastewater, Water conservation, responses of limited number of stakeholders andWater quality, Water Resources, Water supply, and water experts. Higher number of responses andWater. In short, a total of 2516 publications were expert opinions may slightly change the listing ofidentified: 489 from WOS, and 2027 from SCOPUS. Water R&D in future.The publication period is from the year 1964 to 2012.The report presents a number of publications perinstitution and analysis of popular authors in differentspecific Water R&D fields. The concept of Integrated Water Resources • We should also not overlook the growing trendManagement (IWRM) in Malaysia is still in its early of publications in Water R&D in future as numberstages, and mostly in theory. Thus, it is proposed that of research universities (RUs) in Malaysia mayIWRM should be brought out from books into practice increase in future. This will then create moreto achieve sustainability, effectiveness, and efficiency opportunities for water researchers to do researchof the country’s water resources. in different Water R&D fields and publish their work. The second Science and Technology Policy(S&T Policy) does not specifically cover Water • The project findings are heavily dependent onR&D - an important field on which the country’s the extensive knowledge and expertise of thedevelopment is mostly dependent. Thus, the project project team members. In future, if a project teamteam recommends that the new S&T Policy should consists of a diverse range of water experts iscover Water R&D as an important field in science and engaged in a similar type of project may come uptechnology development in the country. The necessary with slightly different listing of Water R&D.arrangements for the inclusion of Water R&D shouldbe made with the consultation of legal departments • The project team also emphasised that the reportwho are mostly dealing with all laws and regulations is snapshot in time, and thus, proposed that therelated to water resources and its associated fields. listing of Water R&D in the future be updated in a span of 5 years as few Water R&D fields are We emphasise that the study findings have some emerging very fast than what was previouslylimitations, hence, these should be taken into account thought or deduced.while interpreting and employing the study findings insolving any real world water-related problems. These

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