We Read All The ‘Future Of Work’ Articles So You Don’t Have To–Here’s What You Need To Know To Prepare For The Post-Pandemic Future forbes.com/sites/amberjohnson-jimludema/2020/11/08/we-read-all-the-future-of-work-articles-so-you-dont-have- toheres-what-you-need-to-know-to-prepare-for-the-post-pandemic-future November 8, 2020 A post-pandemic world won't make work less complex. We looked at over 40 forecasts for the future to ... [+] getty Around May, we noticed a trend: the rise of the “future of work” articles. Published by consulting firms, professional associations, and business influencers, these articles and reports asked, “What will work be like when Covid-19 is over?” It’s a good question, one we’re all asking. The articles and reports kept coming over the summer and into the fall. In total, we read over 40 of them published by leading organizations including McKinsey, the World Economic Forum, and the Society for Human Resource Management. Some were brief. Some were full reports with survey data. Congizant’s, which took a future-looking-back perspective, was the most creative. 1/5
We found a significant amount of overlap in most of the content, and a few ideas that are original and deserve more consideration. Below, we summarize the findings. Together, these ideas can help your team prepare for an uncertain future, pushing us closer to an answer of what work will look like in the future. The future of work after Covid-19 Where we work will change Surveys done since the start of the pandemic show that 75% of remote workers want their employer to provide flexibility of work location after the pandemic ends. The future of work articles reflect this reality, with almost all assuming that where we work and what our offices look like will change. BCG offers several models for what flexibility companies might offer, including three hybrid models that give workers time at home with frequent or occasional trips to the office for collaborative work or meetings. This will require thinking about work’s physical location differently. Cushman & Wakefield imagines a total workplace ecosystem that evolves for convenience, functionality, and wellbeing. Others prioritize workflow, or see offices as the place where “bursty” collaboration can occur. All this implies that most of our teams will be at least somewhat virtual. For more on creating high-performing, high-engagement virtual teams, we recommend this eBook, which compiles evidence-based research into effective virtual teams. With work-from-home becoming the new norm for many people, what we want out of our homes may also change. Cognizant imagines home offices rising in importance for real estate listings. 2/5
Digital security becomes more complex as teams disperse to more locations. getty Post-Covid, Safety and security will rise in importance When we are at the office, our physical space will have to change. Because we don’t expect the risk of the coronavirus, or future pandemics, to be fully eliminated, cleaning and sanitization will increase in importance. A fellow Forbes author outlines simple changes that can be expected, like requiring temperature checks and masks, and eliminating food buffets and salad bars. Workstations may be spaced further apart, communal work areas reduced, and more touch-free or contactless amenities provided, says Training Industry. Those steps may protect team members from passing infections, but other forms of safety and security will also be increasingly important. Many businesses lacked adequate business continuity and disaster readiness plans when lockdown orders were put into place. In the future, businesses will have to develop more robust plans for unprecedented circumstances. Additionally, more employees logging in from more locations will increase cyber-security risks, requiring more attention to prevent challenges. Business processes will have to adapt Previously, people hired to work remotely often still participated in hiring, onboarding, and training through in-person events. In the future, this may not be possible or desirable. 3/5
A fully remote hiring process offers one clear benefit: recruitment can be expanded, possibly enabling the hiring of a more diverse workforce, since location won’t limit employment. Once hired, onboarding and training will have to be simpler in the future, say some sources. “Video coffee,” online mentoring, and other one-on-one meetings will create important interpersonal connections. As the nature and tasks of work change, reskilling will become an important priority. Additionally, leaders will have to ask how to help keep human connection a priority in an increasingly digital workplace. Others anticipate an increase in contingent or “gig” workers, requiring organizations to consider what policies they need to create mutually-beneficial relationships with these individuals. How well organizations adapt their business processes will shape their future reputations, which will influence their ability to hire strong candidates in the future. Accenture found that 45% of employees rate their employers’ response to the pandemic as neutral or negative, warning that these employers risk reputational damage. New jobs and job functions will appear post-pandemic “COVID-19 put the spotlight on the CHRO and the HR organization, just as the 2008–2009 recession did for the CFO and finance function,” says Deloitte, an expansion of responsibilities they expect to continue. Adaptation will also create new employment opportunities including new roles, like Chief Remote Work Officer. Gartner’s future of work article provides additional insights into new jobs, functions, and HR-perspectives that will rise in relevance in the coming years. As a caution, The Economist points out that just as the rise of the gig economy prompted new legal questions, so will the rise of work-from-home. So what does all this mean? As one article we reviewed quipped, the future of work has arrived sooner than anticipated. What does it mean for business leaders struggling to keep up with the rapid transitions? After reading over 40 future of work articles, here is our conclusion: while each business and industry will have to figure out the specifics for themselves, there is no doubt that the future of work will be more virtual, flexible, and concerned with safety; employers will need to develop new strategies for keeping people connected, healthy, and engaged; and members of the workforce will need to be ready to reskill, strengthen their relational networks, and remain fluent with evolving technology. We offer tips for how to launch your own “future of work” taskforce in our next column and draw insights from futurist Bob Johansen and complexity scholar Mary Uhl-Bien. In the meantime, tell us how you’re preparing for the future; tag us on Twitter @ValuesDriven. 4/5
Jim Ludema and Amber Johnson We work at the Center for Values-Driven Leadership, at Benedictine University, where we study and consult with performance-focused, values-driven companies to understand … Reprints & Permissions 5/5
Great Presentations: Tips From Great Presenters forbes.com/sites/kenkrogue/2013/05/16/great-presentations-a-checklist-from-great-presenters May 16, 2013 This article is more than 7 years old. I worked at Franklin Quest for four years right before they merged with Stephen R. Covey’s organization and became FranklinCovey. For a while we were not only the biggest Time Management Company, but the largest training company in the world. We would put on 300 or more seminars a month. Hyrum Smith, the Chairman of the Board, and an incredible presenter himself, pulled in and often partnered with the world’s best trainers like Stephen R. Covey, Denis Waitley, Ken Blanchard, Joel Weldon, and many more. Some, like Joel Weldon (we called him the trainer’s trainer), would give special seminars just for us. He would teach us his craft. I took copious notes. I would buy all of their tapes, but especially his. My colleague, Chris Jorgensen, shared a book with me called Slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations, by Nancy Duarte. It finally made me willing to use PowerPoint. Many of these points are Nancy’s, and Joel’s. Get Nancy’s book and find a way to listen to Joel Weldon. And watch TED for really great presentations. Consider this a pre-flight checklist for delivering world-class presentations: 1- Am I passionate about my message? Joel Weldon tells the story of rising up through Toastmasters and the single most important rule of a great presentation is to speak about what you love and know well. Les Brown is probably the most passionate presenter I have ever heard. He tells the story of how he became a disc jockey. He says you must be hungry: One of the most motivating presentations I've experienced in my entire life. 1/14
Les Brown, \"Mamie Brown's Baby Boy\" shares his signature statements often and may be one of the most... [+] 2- Could I speak without notes? One way to measure how prepared and passionate you are is whether you need any notes. A true master taps into the spirit in the room and adapts the message to the specific needs of the audience. They can't do this if they are bound in notes. 3- Do I have something really important to say? Does what you say matter? Enough said. 4- Do I need to use PowerPoint or can I go live? I don’t like PowerPoint but I use it when I have to. I love a whiteboard and markers. A PowerPoint is linear, static. You can’t anticipate a perfect presentation in advance. But a great slide deck is possible and sometimes necessary. Salman Khan, a graduate of MIT and Harvard Business School, and the founder of Khan Academy, perhaps the most exciting new development in online education, uses a dynamic tablet and just draws as he talks. At last count, he has done over 3000 online tutorials for kids and adults alike to learn at their own pace, and have fun doing it. 5- Do they focus on my slides or me? Too often we have so much content on the slide the audience doesn’t focus on the presenter. This is a bad thing. Do I want them to experience, watch, listen, or just read? Steve Jobs made absolutely sure that everyone in the room (and often around the world) was focused on him. 6- Can they see what I’m showing? This is the single rule that kills most presentations, especially in large rooms. Nancy calls it the 30-point rule. Are the words on your slides big enough to be seen from the back of the room? Nancy Duarte - Author of Slide:ology: 2/14
The Art and Science of Great Presentations So basic... don't forget the basics. 30-point fonts are where you begin. Find the size of the room and the size of the screen in advance. Don't rely on old, worn out hotel projectors. Test them. 7- Can I say it with fewer words? – “If all you want to do is create a file of facts and figures, then cancel the meeting and send in a report.” Seth Godin – Really Bad PowerPoint. Nancy says if there are 75 words on your slide, put it in a document and hand it out. If there are 50 words, it’s really just a teleprompter. Few or no words… perfect. Try and distill it down to one word. A Mnemonic. Think of your slide as a billboard on the freeway… 7 words at 65 miles per hour is about all. Mark Twain is credited with the quote (though probably penned in French by Blaise Pascal) “If I had more time I would write a shorter letter.” 8- Are my slides well designed… or just decorated? Just because there are lots of really cool special effects, clip art, stock photos, and things you can do, doesn’t mean you should. Less is more. Blow away the chaff. 9- Do I pay attention to the housekeeping issues? These little things make all the difference. Inspect the room. Is it clean? Is there clutter? Are there distractions? Joel Weldon would even tape the door latch open because it made a bothersome noise if people came in late or left early and distracted others. Wow… really? They don't call him \"America's Most Prepared Speaker\" for nothing. Thanks Joel. Joel Weldon - \"America's Most Prepared 3/14
Speaker\" pays attention to every little detail for flawless... [+] 10- Do I control the environment? If I have my choice, I set the room up with doors at the back, so people coming in don’t distract. I check air conditioning controls, sound systems, open windows. Plan for distractions… they will happen. 11- Am I hiding behind the podium? Don’t. 12- Have I tested my audio and video? Do. 13- What if my slide animations fail? Fancy animations are often better handled in multiple slides… if at all. Test it on the mac, on Chrome, on Firefox, on a PC. 14- What do I do if the power fails? This happened to me. Halfway through a half-hour keynote, my laptop battery died…. Completely died. I thought I was toast. That is the real test. No time to bring up something else. You had better be ready to continue. I jumped down in the audience and just turned up the energy and winged it. So ask yourself…. Are you plugged in? Do you have a backup thumb drive or even an entire laptop? 15- Death by logo. Every CEO (my business partner included) thinks that you have to have your logo prominently displayed on every single slide, sometimes more than once. (If the boss persists, make it unobtrusive.) But really, people aren’t dumb, if you have a logo on the front slide and the last one, they will know it is from your company. 16- Death by bullets… Bullets are well named. They kill presenters. Remember: \"Gun’s don’t kill… bullets kill.\" 17- Death by acronyms. The main method that doctors, lawyers, dentists, and developers use to ensure their job security is to develop a language that only they understand. They abbreviate everything. CRM. SaaS. T1. Don’t use them with normal, real people. If you do, translate the first time. Explain that CRM means Customer Relationship Management. Have someone call you out if you shoot an acronym across their bow. 18- Death by Umms and Ahhs. This one is really hard. Don't fill sentences with umm or ahh. It sounds like you don't know what to say and you are making it up as you go. Listen to yourself. Anything you say over and over is the equivalent to an Umm or an Ahhh. Have a friend hold up a finger every time you say one or the other or your favorite repetitive equivalent. Painful. But do it. 4/14
19- Have I set expectations? Start with an agenda, including when you will be done. Give them a reason to stay. It’s old, overused, cliche, but still relevant. “Tell them what you are about to tell them, tell them, and tell them what you told them.” 20- Don’t make your host look bad! The worst sign of a rookie presenter is the one who gets up there and starts their talk by saying, “Well… I was just called last night and assigned this topic that I don’t know much about…” Don’t do that… ever! 21- Am I selling or teaching? You violate the trust of your audience if you try and sell to them. There is nothing worse than a thinly veiled sales pitch when they truly need to learn something. Don’t do it. The only exception is the Timeshare Condo pitch. But you go into that knowing it is a sales pitch. The $150 gift certificate to Nordstrom’s or the free night at the Marriot gets you past that. I often get criticized because people actually say I don’t sell enough on stage. I look at our company’s growth and success and I ask… Really? Here’s my rule, don’t sell on stage, ever! If they are interested, they will find you and wait for you off stage. Michael J Fox playing 'Jonny B. Goode' by Chuck Berry in Back to the Future - He was so intense and... [+] 22- Am I trying to say too much? Wow, I just blew this one recently. A friend in the audience reminded me of the scene in one of the Back from the Future shows where \"Marty McFly\" (Michael J. Fox) drives a Delorean time machine 30 years into the past and is given the opportunity to play a guitar on stage at the high school prom. He decides to give them a sneak peak of Chuck Berry’s ‘Johnny B. Goode’ and gets going so fast and furious he’s done before he realizes nobody is with him, and their jaws are hanging open. That's what I did. I was going so fast in my own world of research I woke up 30 5/14
minutes later on stage thinking I did a great thing. With some of the worst reviews I've ever had: \"Great research but hard to remember,\" \"Needs more time,\" \"Not enough stories.\" Great feedback... Note to self… don’t do that. When in doubt... cut it out. Have I said too litte? Your audience, like Wendy's, may ask, \"Where's the Beef?\" 23- Have I said too little? Then there are some companies who let a committee get ahold of the presentation and send it out to a design firm with a dozen revisions and it comes back with no substance at all. That’s worse. I think a committee has only ever done one great thing... That was the movie Toy Story. But, for the most part, they get lost in the thick of thin things. People ask, \"Where's the beef?\" 24- Have I prepared enough? A long time ago I decided I would spend more time preparing myself rather than preparing a presentation. Refer back to rules 1 and 2. If you live and breathe your content day in and day out, you’ll do great. 25- Do I know my audience? My favorite question is: “What would I do if I were you?” How would I apply what I know with what my audience needs. Is my audience mostly employees, managers, Vice Presidents, CEOs, owners? What do they care about? What is their stress? What are their dreams? What are their headaches and hassles? 26- Will my stories be remembered? Facts, logic and research speaks to the mind, stories speak to the heart. Seth Godin (again) recommends you find remarkable stories. He breaks the word into sections ‘remark’+‘able’. Will people make remarks about your presentation? Are they 'able' to remember your stories so they can 'remark' them to others? Stories become legends when they are remarkable. 6/14
Brian Regan - one of America's premier comedians, brings a presentation to life with stories. - From... [+] If you want to hear remarkable (and funny) stories, listen to Brian Regan. One of my favorite is his story of going to the emergency room. He can take an everyday story and make it so you will never forget it. He may be the best comic on the planet, and he’s suitable for the kids (He and Bill Cosby, not many of those left...) UPDATE: (Dang, now Cos isn't suitable either. Don't give in Brian!) 27- Have I backed up my arguments with research? If you can’t prove it… don’t say it. Your research or better yet, somebody else’s... who is credible. Did I say to use research that is credible? 28- Am I rounding my numbers? You are far more credible if you quote the exact number in the research… to the decimal point. If you round the number, you don’t seem to know the number… or you’re making it up. 29- Have I checked all my facts? I once told a story that later turned out to be a rumor… Note to self… don’t do it. A friend called me out on it. I was grateful and learned a very hard lesson. 30- Have I given proper credit? My favorite thing to do is to promote other people. Call out the people who came up with the ideas you are using. Oh, and the Golden Rule still works. But the Platinum Rule is better... 31- Do I speak to the whole person? We are told in the scriptures we have four aspects: heart, might, mind, and strength. My mentor, Chauncey Riddle, taught me that heart is what we desire, might is our power or influence or our result, mind is our understanding, and strength is our body and its capacity to act. He shared that the proper order to engage all four aspects of a human being is mind, heart, strength, and might. Or understanding, desire, action, and result. So ask these four questions: 7/14
32- What do I want them to think? Start your presentation by engaging their mind. Define the terms. Socrates said, “The beginning of wisdom is a definition of terms.\" Facts build knowledge, application of facts builds wisdom. Questions get them thinking. Thinking comes before feeling. Feeling comes before action. Action comes before results. 33- What do I want them to feel? The source of energy that causes action is desire, or motivation. This comes from the heart. Stories and experience play to the heart. How do you teach something the mind does not understand? How do you teach virtue, or courage, or honor, or integrity in a classroom? You don’t. They don't come from mathematical equations. You model them yourself, by your example, and by proxy with stories of greatness. Take them face to face with greatness through a story. 34- What do I want them to do? The greatest presentations end with a call to action. We have lately been using a cool webinar tool called ON24 that lets people act several times along the way by downloading content any time during the presentation, while they are thinking about it, or feeling it. Strength is the body, the body has capacity to act… to do something. 35- What should their result be if they act on my words? Tell stories of the results other people have gained by thinking, feeling, and doing the very things you are asking your audience to think, feel, and do. Answer the question of relevance, “So what?” What does this mean to me? What is my result? Oliver Demille - Author of 'LeaderShift' and bestseller 'A Thomas Jefferson Education', teaches to... [+] 36- What can they take away? Software developers ask a great question, “What is the deliverable?” What do they get to take back to their business and apply that very day? 8/14
Takeaways are both content and great ideas. My friend Oliver DeMille (who has inspired much of everything I do) taught me to read and mark down my epiphanies…. Those “aha” moments that change something inside. Those are the best takeaways. 37- Do I start with high energy? I like to start with a question or a really great story. Jokes are ok, but too easy. Move, but never pace. 38- Do I maintain high energy? Get someone in the audience to tell you if you are dropping the energy. Appoint a yawn monitor to scan the audience and have everyone stand up and stretch if you start to see yawns. Then it’s their fault, not yours. If you start to lag, change your position, raise your voice level… stand up… ask a question… share a story. One of the greatest things I ever learned while presenting is that I control my own energy level… and hence the energy of the entire audience. The best energy in a group setting is called by Dr. Covey synergy: that synchronization that sometimes occurs where every person is attuned and resonating to the same thought, emotion, or spirit. It’s real. You know it when you feel it. Like a tuning fork, it gives off its own sound and energy from each member of the audience. It's cumulative. It's additive. Some even know where it comes from. 39- Do I know how to take back my energy? Once I was knocking doors selling David Early tire coupons. They were $39 and you got three free oil changes, and lots of discounts. Great deal. I knocked on the door of a big huge guy with a Harley in the front yard who proceeded to yell at me and scare me to death. Immediately a woman came up behind him, put her hand on his shoulder, and said, \"Don't mind him, he's just had a bad day.\" I asked with a grin, \"How did I do?\" He smiled sheepishly and said, \"You know, you did great. Good luck!\" I felt great. I took back my energy with my question. 9/14
From then on I realized I could never let anyone steal my energy away. I could give it, but I won't let them take it. And if they try, I take it back. After that, I try and end every speech, keynote, or presentation with, \"How did I do?\" 40- Do I have a signature? Besides ending with \"How did I do?\" I answer a phone and ask, \"How the heck are you?\" And the person at the other end knows it's me. They also know I'm from Utah. :) The Late Paul Harvey had a several signature statements in his presentation like, \"This is Paul... [+] Paul Harvey would always end a story with, \"And now for the rest of the story.\" He would end his radio show, \"Gooood day!\" Les Brown would end everything he did in front of an audience with I'm \"Mrs. Mamie Brown's baby boy!\" 42- Do I end on schedule? Build up to your finish. End on a crescendo. Start well, maintain, and end well. Save your impact for last. 43- Am I ready for questions? Brush up on the topic and the space. Review the numbers in the research… to the decimal point. Know the stories. If you don’t know something, or can’t quote it exactly, just admit it. It’s ok to paraphrase if you tell the audience you are doing so, and point them to a source. 44- Can I record my presentation? It’s a lot better than trying to recreate it later. And in today's world of YouTube, Slideshare, iTunes, eBooks, Twitter, Google+, and Blogs, it’s an amazing way to repurpose your valuable content in many other valuable media and channels. Often I'll have someone pull out their iPhone, after all, it's HD! 10/14
Denis Waitley, one of the greatest presenters in America, made a point to respond to those in his... [+] 45- Follow up with the people in your audience who reach out. I listened to a cassette tape set by Denis Waitley once while I was at the Naval Academy. He told stories of Wilma Rudolph and the interrogation tactics during the Korean war. He was a graduate of Annapolis. I hung on every word he said. I was young and idealistic, and decided to write him a letter. I found out his address and wrote. I unburdened my soul, I shared my dreams. I told him I was a kid from Utah, just having left the Academy on a 2 year sabbatical. I remember believing he would respond, he seemed like that kind of person. He did. He wrote me a 4 page letter. He talked about Spencer W. Kimball, a man very important to him, and to me. I still have the letter. That was 27 years ago. Years later I met him at Franklin and he remembered my letter. That is the single reason why I respond to every comment on Forbes.com, every letter someone sends me. He was my Michael Jordan. My Jimmer. The best. Thanks Denis. James D. Murphy, author of Flawless 11/14
Execution and Founder of Afterburner seminars teaches presenters... [+] 46- Have I scheduled a debrief? Again, Chris Jorgenson turned me on to “Flawless Execution” by James D. Murphy or “Murph” as he is known at Afterburner, Inc. He teaches the time-tested techniques of America’s fighter pilots to help entrepreneurs and businesses perform at their peak. The trick? Brief the team before the mission. Perform the mission. Then debrief afterwards. (On no! Did I really use bullets?) American pilots have their names and ranks on Velcro patches. When they go in to the debrief room with higher and lower ranking officers, they leave names and ranks on a table at the door so they can say anything that needs to be said… to improve. They are the best in the world for this reason and many others. When I was a Scoutmaster, we used a methodology called \"shadow leadership.\" We would teach the boys what they needed to do to prepare for an activity, hold the activity, then sit around afterwards with the leadership and discuss what we did well and how we could improve. I learned that I had to let them do it if they were ever to learn and improve what they did. The best learning experience I ever remember came on one campout to 1st Hemagogue, above Alpine City. We had trained the Quartermaster, walked him through what we needed to take for dinner and breakfast. The boys wanted oatmeal. But the Quartermaster forgot the bowls. 10 boys ate oatmeal with their hands. The 2 hour debrief was one of the most interesting learning experiences they (or I) ever had. 47- Do I review this 'Tips from Great Presenters' before presenting? This is the most important, or this list is useless. Have I forgot anything? 12/14
Please add to these tips and ideas. I'll respond and add them to the list. -Ken As promised: 48- Check consistency and spelling - As a frequent creator of powerpoint presentations, you always want to check for consistency! Make sure if you have a fact or figure on one slide, that it matches up with the content on later slides as well. Always check for errors and typos as well. Nothing makes you look more unprofessional than a spelling error, and they really distract the audience from your message. (From Megan Strong) 49- Don't over prepare - (from Trish Bertuzzi) I over prepared. I rehearsed. I did not lead with my passion and personality. Now, I am not saying not to rehearse or prepare but at some point, if you love to speak, you can do too much. And that is what I did. Note to self: you can still know your material and be authentic. It is your voice they came to hear not the “perfect presentation”. 50- Some notes are good, have a high level concept summary - (from Cheryl Conner) - even if you are prepared enough to speak without notes (as you should be), having just the very highest bullet points written down can be good. Otherwise, your passion and preparation on the topic could fill the time (and your focus) to the point that you end up forgetting to cover one or more of your most critical points. (the voice of experience here…) 51- Don't put light color text on a dark background on your slides - At least if you want your content to be read. You lose 30% of readability when you do this. Even worse is white text on a light blue background. Beware of creative designers who love to make things look good at the cost of function. (I'm sitting in a presentation right now in Washington DC and can't read the slides! Ken) 52- Don't use ALL CAPS IN YOUR SLIDE COPY - Only use all caps in headlines and occasionally for emphasis. USING ALL CAPS IS LIKE YELLING AT SOMEONE FOR EMPHASIS! People aren't used to reading all capital fonts and you lose readability. Author: Ken Krogue Summary of Ken Krogue’s Forbes articles 13/14
Ken Krogue I focus on using the Internet, Inside Sales, Lead Generation, Gamification, and Social Media to grow businesses. I'm also an American who cares enough to speak up and a… Reprints & Permissions 14/14
31 Twitter Tips: How To Use Twitter Tools And Twitter Best Practices For Business forbes.com/sites/kenkrogue/2013/08/30/31-twitter-tips-how-to-use-twitter-tools-and-twitter-best-practices-for-business August 30, 2013 This article is more than 7 years old. For years I have wondered what the value of Twitter is for sales and business. Everyone knows the indisputable value of LinkedIn for B2B sales, marketing, B2B prospecting, and entrepreneurs in general. But Twitter is finally gaining traction in B2B. This article shares some of the latest Twitter strategies, tactics, tools, and best practices. Darren Rowse of ProBlogger has a really cool ebook called 31 Days to Build a Better Blog. It it gives you 1 thing to do per day on your blog for an entire month. It is for those who never quite get around to it because they are so busy. Think of this article as \"31 Days to Using Twitter to Build Your Business.\" GETTING STARTED 1. Decide your purpose. Why are you using Twitter? Some Twitter users utilize the social media site to build their company brand or generate leads. There are bloggers who use the platform to share ideas and articles and to see what others are writing about. Some people check Twitter for news, while others want to see what celebrities or friends are up to. Defining your purpose will help you decide who to follow and what kind of information to share. 2. Focus on your passion. There are millions of Twitter users tweeting thousands of pieces of information every second. It is easy to get overwhelmed by and lost in the noise. Rather than trying to soak it all in and repurpose everything, focus on your passion. Don’t be a jack of all Twitter subjects and a master of none. Tweets surrounding your passion are going to be stronger. Plus, you will attract users who have similar interests. If you don’t focus, you will attract meaningless followers, if any at all. 3. Define your brand. Once you have zeroed in on your purpose and passion, decide how you want the Twitter world to view you. 1/9
Do you want to specialize in one subject to attract a targeted audience? Or do you want to be more general, tweeting about numerous topics? Do you want your tweets to be funny and casual or very professional? Is your goal to be a thought leader or celebrity? This will give you direction on who to follow and what to tweet. 4. Determine your strategy. Is your strategy to communicate? If your goal is to influence, promote or sell, your strategy should be communication based. You are going to want to attract attention. To attract attention, you are going to need to tweet, direct message, engage with other users and focus on getting information out in the Twitter world. Is it to listen? If you are using Twitter to keep up on news, learn, provide customer service or perform market analysis, your strategy should be to listen. You are going to want to decide who will provide the content you’re interested in and follow them. You will also want to learn how to utilize filtering tools, including hashtags and Twitter lists. 5. Learn how to use Twitter. Reading this article and articles like it is a good first step. However, to really learn how to utilize Twitter, you’re going to need to get your hands a little dirty and roll up your sleeves. 1. Go to Twitter.com, and create a free account. 2. Learn Twitter terminology. When you post something, it’s a tweet. When you repost something from another user, it’s a retweet or RT. Trending topics, or TT, are topics discussed by many users at a given time. You can Favorite a tweet by clicking on the star. That is a great way to recognize someone for sharing your content. 3. Explore. See who is on Twitter and what people are tweeting. 4. Engage. Follow the guidelines in this article and become an active user. 6. Grab your name, brand or persona. (@KenKrogue) When you are signing up, you will need to decide your Twitter name, which is how people will tag you in tweets and ultimately how you will be known on Twitter. Mine is my name, @KenKrogue. If you can't get your own name, add your passion or function like @KenKrogueSells or something. My company address is @InsideSales. Choose something that fits you or your business. 7. Take a good picture. Use a close-up headshot of yourself or a logo of your business. This image will show up on your profile page and next to any comment you make on Twitter. You want people to recognize you. Make sure the image is clear and well-lit, with your face in the center. (Or you can be off-center, like me, if you are a little different.) You want to avoid having other objects beside you in the picture. 2/9
If you are using a logo, try not to make it too wordy, or it will not be readable at the small image size. Your image can be formatted as a jpg, gif or PNG. The size limit for upload is 700KB. Twitter reformats the image for the profile picture and the smaller image that goes next to comments. Changing Your Profile Image. To change your profile image, click on the gear icon located at the top of the page, and select “edit profile.” Next to “Photo” select “Upload photo” from the drop down. Upload your photo from your computer. WATCH: How To Land A Job Using Social Media How To Land A Job Using Social Media WATCH 2:30 8. Find your keywords. Use the Google Keyword Tool (now Keyword Planner as of Aug 26) to find the keywords that make up your industry or market. Remember to divert a river, don’t dig a well. In other words, tap into existing traffic rather than generating it from scratch. It is better to know about keywords than even about hashtags, because a hashtag is a keyword or a “theme” that can help amplify your exposure. 9. Research and identify your #hashtags. Hashtags are a tool to make words more searchable. To create a hashtag, place # before a word. Hashtags allow Twitter users to tap into a Twitter-wide conversation. Discover the trending conversations, and decide which ones you want to be included in. This will also help you connect with users who have similar interests. Use a maximum of two hashtags per tweet. Hashtags are a useful way to get your tweet out to people who are actually interested in its main subject, but too many hashtags in a single post can be overwhelming. #Hashtags can be a #useful #tool, but this is #toomany in a #single #tweet. #annoying #overwhelming Five Tools to Help Research Hashtags: 3/9
1. Twitter Toolbar: You can search terms, keywords and people by entering them into the toolbar at the top of the page on Twitter. For example, if you are in sales, try searching #sales and related keywords you have identified using the Google Keyword Tool. If you want to see tweets surrounding a certain topic enter that term into the search bar, and it will bring you to all related tweets. For example, if you wanted to see tweets related to the Inside Sales Virtual Summit, enter #SalesSummit into the search bar, and all tweets tagged #SalesSummit will show up. 2. Hashtags.org: Hashtags.org provides research to help businesses improve social networking strategies. 3. Topsy 4. Twitter Reach 5. Social Mention (3-5 are social analytics tools that can provide analysis of your tweets and hashtags.) 10. Wordsmith your profile with keywords for search and fun facts for people. Once you have decided why you are using Twitter, what your target audience is and gone through the initial setup, now you want to show up in search. Include keywords in your Twitter profile. 11. Publish your Twitter ID in your other media. I post my Twitter ID (@KenKrogue) in my email signature, at the bottom of articles I write and anywhere else I think applicable. This lets people know I’m on Twitter and helps them find me. A great way to grow your following is to start with people you know and connect with them in various ways. BUILD YOUR NETWORK 12. Check out Twitter Tools like Insightpool or Tweepi to target who to follow or who you want to follow you. The best way to build your network is to target your content specifically to those who would be interested in following you and make it really interesting and valuable. Insightpool or Tweetpi are perfect tools for this. Check out How to Build a Targeted Twitter Tribe of 100,000 on Jeff Bullas’ blog. Two other useful tools are Twitonomy, which provides analytics, and Twtrland, which offers up social intelligence. 13. The follow-first rule: I follow you then (hopefully) you follow me. This is by far the most common way to get followers. Twitter puts limits on how many users you can follow. Here are the guidelines: “Every account can follow 2,000 users total. Once you’ve followed 2,000 users, there are limits to the number of additional users you can follow. This number is different for each account and is based on your ratio of followers to following; this ratio is not published.” 14. The favorites-follower rule: I click ‘favorite’ on your Tweet, then you follow me. This method helps you gain targeting following by first finding Tweets that match your interests and targeted keywords. Then you click ‘favorite’ and often they reciprocate. This takes more 4/9
time, but gives you a much higher quality and engaged following. 15. The offer-follower rule: You follow me, I give you something: information, ebook, etc. Make sure to give away something that your target audience will value. Make it easy for people to claim their reward. 16. The fan-follower rule: You follow a celebrity, they tweet you about them. You follow a celebrity types to keep up on their tweets. Twitter helped this process a lot by featuring the Twitter address of famous people in the Twitter registration process. 17. Choose your lists: Twitter lists allow you to listen to relevant conversations, identify influencers and filter out the noise so you can focus on the people and topics you care about. 18. Two ears and one mouth rule: Listen (and research first) before you speak. It is much better to listen about twice as much as you tweet if you want a strong following that is engaged and targeted to your purpose and passion. 19. Listen with Topsy. Topsy.com is a Twitter search engine that let’s you see if anyone listens or cares. Let’s you see the latest Twitter results in the past hour, day, week, 20 days, month or all time -- with a cool trending graph. Also, be on the the lookout for a great social media tool called TinyTorch. This premier tool enables you to easily find relevant social content in your industry. 20. Use Tweetdeck or HootSuite to listen to the conversation about you, your company, or your industry. Serious listeners step up to Radian6, what is now the saleforce marketing cloud. START COMMUNICATING 21. Create and tweet great original content that fits your purpose. Create content that is informative and entertaining. Write about industry news, especially if you’re in a position to break the news. Stay on top of trends and provide commentary that adds context. If somebody releases groundbreaking research in your industry, write about this research. But don’t just regurgitate it. Use your own expertise to explain why this research is important. Show others in your industry how they can apply it to their work. Use a combination of short-form content, like tweets, and long-form content, like blog posts, to establish yourself as a thought leader. 22. Summarize and curate great content that fits your purpose. Share facts, insights and statistics in 140 characters or less. Try to keep your tweets to about 100 characters to leave room for links and hashtags and to increase the likelihood that somebody will retweet your content. Use your Twitter lists to curate relevant content. Set up keyword searches to track content by keywords. 5/9
23. Spend your time on really great headlines with keywords. Your headlines have the greatest impact on how many people share and read your content. Here are some proven headline formulas: Lists: Headlines with numbers in them consistently perform well. Example: 7 Undeniable Reasons People LOVE List Posts. How to: “How to” titles promise a benefit to your readers. Example: How to Use Sales Data to Increase Sales Productivity. Target a Shark: Refer to a shark, which can be an important company or person in your industry. This allows you to feed off the shark’s popularity to call attention to your content. Example: What Steve Jobs Can Teach You About Startup Success. Include Keywords: If you want to be known for sales motivation, make sure to include that keyword phrase in your headlines. Example: 6 Insanely Useful Sales Motivation Secrets. 24. Keep tweeting -- Resend tweets with different angles. Some social media experts (Guy Kawasaki for example) recommend that you send the same tweet four times to cover all four U.S. time zones. If you want to mix things up, here are some different angles you can take: Use statistics to show significance: 90% of your sales come from 10% of your list Address tweets to the individual by including the word “you”: Why You Should Focus on 10% of Your Prospect List 25. Alternate tweets by time of day and day of week. Social media scientist Dan Zarrella says that the best time to tweet if you want to be retweeted is on Friday at 4 p.m. EST. That’s based on aggregate data he has analyzed for millions of retweets. The engagement levels on your Twitter account may vary based on your industry and other factors. Use the Buffer App Tool (one of my favorites) to schedule your tweets. Test different days and times. Monitor engagement by using Buffer’s Analytics tab. Identify patterns among your Twitter followers. Schedule your tweets for your optimal days and times. >Don’t overlook weekends. Some Twitter users see higher engagement over the weekend. But the only way to know is to test and monitor your results. 26. Bridge Twitter with other media. Create a dynamic experience for your Twitter audience by including different types of media, such as images and videos. Here are some tools you can use: 6/9
Twitpic: Go to Twitpic.com, create an account, upload photos and easily share them on Twitter. Yfrog: Yfrog is another popular photo-sharing service. YouTube videos: Simply paste a YouTube video URL into a tweet. Your followers will be able to view the video right in their Twitter stream by clicking on the “View Media” link that appears in your tweet. AudioBoo: Use AudioBoo to share audio files. Once you have an account, sharing an AudioBoo link is super intuitive. Twitter is a very passive media, but great to build awareness and start conversations. I recommend bridging to more assertive media like email, Chatter, LinkedIn, phone conversations, and live meetings. Live meetings are the most assertive, and work great at common events like Trade Shows, etc. Use Twitter to bridge to more assertive media as soon as you can. 27. Retweet great content. When you see something worth sharing in your stream, retweet it. This means that you are sharing somebody else’s Twitter content with your own followers. My tweeting guru friend @GabeVillamizar shares some great tips on retweeting. Retweeting somebody else’s content accomplishes two things: 1. It helps you make friends with other influencers on Twitter. 2. It shows your followers that you’re an active member of your online community. Retweeting is simple. Here’s how: Click the Retweet button on any tweet. This will publish the original tweet in your followers’ streams. The tweet will appear exactly as it did when it was first tweeted, meaning it will appear to come from the person who originally tweeted it. A message will appear at the bottom of the tweet telling people that you retweeted it. Retweet the old-fashioned way. When viewing a tweet, click Reply. Copy and paste the original message into your tweet box. Place the letters RT in front of the original tweeter’s Twitter handle, or @ sign. Click Tweet. The post will be published in your followers’ streams as if it came from you. Many users prefer this method of retweeting because it’s better for building your own brand. 28. Send direct tweets as a great form of communication. Direct tweets are one-to- one messages as opposed to one-to-many. So, these tweets are more personal by nature. Use direct tweets to build strong relationships and to communicate important messages. There are two types of direct tweets: 7/9
At-replies: Send an at-reply to another Twitter user by hitting the Reply button on any tweet. Type your message into the box that pops up and click Tweet. Your at-reply will show up in this person’s Interactions stream, which means it is more likely to be seen than a regular tweet. Just remember, your at-reply will also be visible to the public as part of your general Twitter stream. Direct messages: If you don’t want anybody but the intended recipient to see your tweet, use a direct message. Click on the gray gear icon at the top of your Twitter profile. Select Direct Messages and create a new message. Once you submit it, it will appear in the recipient’s inbox. 29. Use great #hashtags. Hashtags categorize your tweets, which makes it easier for others interested in your topic to find them. Turn the keywords you want to be known for into your hashtags. Create a hashtag by placing the # symbol in front of your keywords. For example, #insidesales, #sales and #salesdata are popular hashtags in the sales space. Remember the rule though: divert a river, don't dig a well. Find existing hashtags with lots of traffic by searching for them using the Search Bar at the top of your profile. View a list of related tweets by clicking on a hashtag inside a tweet. Make a hashtag for every event and presentation you do. #salessummit was our hashtag for our big Virtual Sales Summit. It already had lots of existing traffic (divert a river.) Put your hashtag right at the bottom of every slide in your PowerPoint to make it easy for people to see it and tweet while you are presenting. Share your Twitter content with your audience on other networks by re-posting your tweets on Facebook and LinkedIn, when appropriate. You also can embed a tweet into your blog or website. Click on the date in the upper-right-hand corner of a tweet. Then click More and select Embed Tweet. Copy the code and add it to your blog or website. SEE IF IT’S WORKING 31. Check where you stand on social media tools, like Klout.com, Peerindex.com, Kred.com, Wefollow.com. Your influence on social media matters. The higher your score is, the more influential and relevant you are to others in the social media realm. One of the most popular tools is Klout. Quickly set up an account on Klout to see your score from 1 to 100. Use these Twitter tips to help you build your business. NOTE: I've been asked a lot to receive more details on how to do these 31 Twitter tips. If you practice by following me @KenKrogue and sending me a Tweet, I'll respond and copy you with a link with a more complete version of this article to help you do each of the 31 tips. Good luck! - Ken 8/9
Ken Krogue I focus on using the Internet, Inside Sales, Lead Generation, Gamification, and Social Media to grow businesses. I'm also an American who cares enough to speak up and a… Reprints & Permissions 9/9
Best Stories Of The Decade: “The Rags-To-Riches Tale Of How Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook’s New $19 Billion Baby” forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/12/23/exclusive-the-rags-to-riches-tale-of-how-jan-koum-built-whatsapp-into- facebooks-new-19-billion-baby December 23, 2019 Robert Gallagher Editors' Pick|Dec 23, 2019,06:00am EST|5,409 views As this decade ends, we’re republishing our best work from the past 10 years, a journey that reflects Forbes’ two-fold mission: chronicle entrepreneurial capitalism—shining a light on the disruptors changing the world forever—and call out the rogues abusing the system. After Jan Koum, a Ukrainian immigrant who came to America with his mother, agreed to sell WhatsApp to Facebook for $19 billion, he took the contract to the welfare office where he once collected food stamps, signed it on the door—and “WhatsApp’d” the picture to Forbes. Koum almost never talks publicly. Parmy Olson spent 18 months getting him to share his story with our readers. It’s arguably the greatest rags-to-riches saga in American history, told with verve and color within hours of the deal’s announcement. — Randall Lane, Chief Content Officer Originally published Feb. 19, 2014 1/9
Jan Koum picked a meaningful spot to sign the $19 billion deal to sell his company WhatsApp to Facebook earlier today. Koum, cofounder Brian Acton and venture capitalist Jim Goetz of Sequoia drove a few blocks from WhatsApp’s discreet headquarters in Mountain View to a disused white building across the railroad tracks, the former North County Social Services office where Koum, 37, once stood in line to collect food stamps. That’s where the three of them inked the agreement to sell their messaging phenom –which brought in a miniscule $20 million in revenue last year — to the world’s largest social network. Koum, who Forbes believes owns 45% of WhatsApp and thus is suddenly worth $6.8 billion (net of taxes) — was born and raised in a small village outside of Kiev, Ukraine, the only child of a housewife and a construction manager who built hospitals and schools. His house had no hot water, and his parents rarely talked on the phone in case it was tapped by the state. It sounds bad, but Koum still pines for the rural life he once lived, and it’s one of the main reasons he’s so vehemently against the hurly-burly of advertising. At 16, Koum and his mother immigrated to Mountain View, a result of the troubling political and anti-Semitic environment, and got a small two-bedroom apartment though government assistance. His dad never made it over. Koum’s mother had stuffed their suitcases with pens and a stack of 20 Soviet-issued notebooks to avoid paying for school supplies in the U.S. She took up babysitting and Koum swept the floor of a grocery store to help make ends meet. When his mother was diagnosed with cancer, they lived off her disability allowance. Koum spoke English well enough but disliked the casual, flighty nature of American high-school friendships; in Ukraine you went through ten years with the same, small group of friends at school. “In Russia you really learn about a person.” Koum was a troublemaker at school but by 18 had also taught himself computer networking by purchasing manuals from a used book store and returning them when he was done. He joined a hacker group called w00w00 on the Efnet internet relay chat network, squirreled into the servers of Silicon Graphics and chatted with Napster co-founder Sean Fanning. He enrolled at San Jose State University and moonlighted at Ernst & Young as a security tester. In 1997, he found himself sitting across a desk from Acton, Yahoo employee 44, to inspect the company’s advertising system. “You could tell he was a bit different,” recalls Acton. “He was very no-nonsense, like ‘What are your policies here; What are you doing here?’” Other Ernst & Young people were using “touchy-feely” tactics like gifting bottles of wine. “Whatever,\" says Acton. \"Let’s cut to the chase.” It turned out Koum liked Acton’s no-nonsense style too: “Neither of us has an ability to bullshit,” says Koum. Six months later Koum interviewed at Yahoo and got a job as an infrastructure engineer. He was still at San Jose State University when two weeks into his job at Yahoo, one of the company’s servers broke. Yahoo cofounder David Filo called his mobile for help. “I’m in class,” Koum answered discreetly. “What the fuck are you doing in class?” Filo said. “Get your ass into the office.” Filo had a small team of server engineers and needed all the help he could get. “I hated school anyway,” Koum says. He dropped out. 2/9
When Koum’s mother died of cancer in 2000 the young Ukrainian was suddenly alone; his father had died in 1997. He credits Acton with reaching out and offering support. “He would invite me to his house,” Koum remembers. The two went skiing and played soccer and ultimate Frisbee. 3/9
Forbes 2014 Gabriela Hasbun Forbes 4/9
Over the next nine years the pair also watched Yahoo go through multiple ups and downs. Acton invested in the dotcom boom, and lost millions in the 2000 bust. For all of his distaste for advertising now he was also deep in it back then, getting pulled in to help launch Yahoo’s important and much-delayed advertising platform Project Panama in 2006. “Dealing with ads is depressing,” he says now. “You don’t make anyone’s life better by making advertisements work better.” He was emotionally drained. “I could see it on him in the hallways,” says Koum, who wasn’t enjoying things either. In his LinkedIn profile, Koum unenthusiastically describes his last three years at Yahoo with the words, “Did some work.” In September 2007 Koum and Acton finally left Yahoo and took a year to decompress, traveling around South America and playing ultimate frisbee. Both applied, and failed, to work at Facebook. \"We're part of the Facebook reject club,\" Acton says. Koum was eating into his $400,000 in savings from Yahoo, and drifting. Then in January 2009, he bought an iPhone and realized that the seven-month old App Store was about to spawn a whole new industry of apps. He visited the home of Alex Fishman, a Russian friend who would invite the local Russian community to his place in West San Jose for weekly pizza and movie nights. Up to 40 people sometimes showed up. The two of them stood for hours talking about Koum’s idea for an app over tea at Fishman’s kitchen counter. “Jan was showing me his address book,” recalls Fishman. “His thinking was it would be really cool to have statuses next to individual names of the people.” The statuses would show if you were on a call, your battery was low, or you were at the gym. Koum could do the backend, but he needed an iPhone developer, so Fishman introduced Koum to Igor Solomennikov, a developer in Russia that he’d found on RentACoder.com. Koum almost immediately chose the name WhatsApp because it sounded like “what’s up,” and a week later on his birthday, Feb. 24, 2009, he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California. “He’s very thorough,” says Fishman. The app hadn’t even been written yet. Koum spent days creating the backend code to synch his app with any phone number in the world, poring over a Wikipedia entry that listed international dialing prefixes — he would spend many infuriating months updating it for the hundreds of regional nuances. Early WhatsApp kept crashing or getting stuck, and when Fishman installed it on his phone, only a handful of the hundreds numbers on his address book - mostly local Russian friends - had also downloaded it. Over ribs at Tony Roma’s in San Jose, Fishman went over the problems and Koum took notes in one of the Soviet-era notebooks he'd brought over years before and saved for important projects. The following month after a game of ultimate frisbee with Acton, Koum grudgingly admitted he should probably fold up and start looking for a job. Acton balked. “You’d be an idiot to quit now,” he said. “Give it a few more months.” 5/9
Help came from Apple when it launched push notifications in June 2009, letting developers ping users when they weren’t using an app. Jan updated WhatsApp so that each time you changed your status — “Can’t talk, I’m at the gym” — it would ping everyone in your network. Fishman’s Russian friends started using it to ping each other with jokey custom statuses like, “I woke up late,” or “I’m on my way.” “At some point it sort of became instant messaging,” says Fishman. “We started using it as ‘Hey how are you?’ And then someone would reply.” Jan watched the changing statuses on a Mac Mini at his town house in Santa Clara, and realized he’d inadvertently created a messaging service. “Being able to reach somebody half way across the world instantly, on a device that is always with you, was powerful,” says Koum. The only other free texting service around at the time was BlackBerry’s BBM, but that only worked among BlackBerries. There was Google’s G-Talk and Skype, but WhatsApp was unique in that the login was your own phone number. Koum released WhatsApp 2.0 with a messaging component and watched his active users suddenly swell to 250,000. He went to see Acton, who was still unemployed and dabbling in another startup idea that wasn’t going anywhere. The two sat at Acton’s kitchen table and started sending messages to each other on WhatsApp, already with the famous double check mark that showed another phone had received a message. Acton realized he was looking at a potentially richer SMS experience – and more effective than the so-called MMS messages for sending photos and other media that often didn’t work. “You had the whole open-ended bounty of the Internet to work with,” he says. He and Koum worked out of the Red Rock Cafe, a watering hole for startup founders on the corner of California and Bryant in Mountain View; the entire second floor is still full of people with laptops perched on wobbly tables, silently writing code. The two were often up there, Acton scribbling notes and Koum typing. In October Acton got five ex-Yahoo friends to invest $250,000 in seed funding, and as a result was granted cofounder status and a stake. He officially joined on Nov. 1. (The two founders still have a combined stake in excess of 60% — a large number for a tech startup — and Koum is thought to have the larger share because he implemented the original idea nine months before Acton came on board. Early employees are said to have comparatively large equity shares of close to 1%. Koum won’t comment on the matter.) The pair were getting flooded with emails from iPhone users, excited by the prospect of international free texting and desperate to “WhatsApp” their friends on Nokias and BlackBerries. With Android just a blip on the radar, Koum hired an old friend who lived in LA, Chris Peiffer to make the BlackBerry version of WhatsApp. “I was skeptical,” Peiffer remembers. “People have SMS, right?” Koum explained that people’s texts were actually 6/9
metered in different countries. “It stinks,” he told him. “It’s a dead technology like a fax machine left over from the seventies, sitting there as a cash cow for carriers.” Peiffer looked at the eye-popping user growth and joined. Through their Yahoo network they found a startup subleasing some cubicles on a converted warehouse on Evelyn Ave. The whole other half of the building was occupied by Evernote, who would eventually kick them out to take up the whole building. They wore blankets for warmth and worked off cheap Ikea tables. Even then there was no WhatsApp sign for the office. “Their directions were ‘Find the Evernote building. Go round the back. Find an unmarked door. Knock,’” says Michael Donohue, one of WhatsApp’s first BlackBerry engineers recalling his first interview. With Koum and Acton working for free for the first few years, their biggest early cost was sending verification texts to users. Koum and Acton were using cutthroat SMS brokers like Click-A-Tell, who'd send an SMS to the U.S. for 2 cents, but to the Middle East for 65 cents. Today SMS verification runs the company about $500,000 a month. The costs weren’t so steep back then, but high enough to drain Koum’s bank account. Fortunately WhatsApp was gradually bringing in revenue, roughly $5,000 a month by early 2010 and enough to cover the costs then. The founders occasionally switched the app from \"free\" to \"paid\" so they wouldn't grow too fast. In Dec. 2009 they updated WhatsApp for the iPhone to send photos, and were shocked to see user growth increasing even when it had the $1 price tag. “You know, I think we can actually stay paid,” Acton told Koum. By early 2011 WhatsApp was squarely in the top 20 of all apps in the U.S. App Store. During a dim sum lunch with staff, someone asked Koum why he wasn't crowing to the press about it. “Marketing and press kicks up dust,” Koum replied. “It gets in your eye, and then you’re not focusing on the product.” Venture capitalists didn’t need the press to tell them WhatsApp was going viral. Koum and Acton were batting away all requests to talk. Acton saw VC funding as a bailout. But Sequoia partner Jim Goetz was persistent, spending eight months working his contacts to get either founder to engage. He’d met with a dozen other companies in the messaging space like Pinger, Tango and Baluga, but it was clear WhatsApp was the leader, and to Goetz’s surprise the startup was already paying corporate income taxes: “The only time I’ve seen that in my venture career.” He eventually sat down with Koum and Acton at the Red Rock Cafe, answered a “barrage” of their questions and promised not to push advertising models on them but act as a strategic advisor. They eventually agreed to take $8 million from Sequoia on top of their $250,000 seed funding. Two years later in Feb. 2013, when WhatsApp’s user base had swelled to about 200 million active users and its staff to 50, Acton and Koum agreed it was time to raise some more money. “For insurance,” says Acton, who recalled that his mother, who ran her own freight forwarding businesses, used to lose sleep over making payroll. “You never want to be a position where you can’t make payroll.” They decided to hold a second funding round, in 7/9
secret. Sequoia would invest another $50 million, valuing WhatsApp at $1.5 billion. At the time Acton took a screenshot of WhatsApp’s bank balance and sent it to Goetz. It read $8.257 million, still in excess of all the money they’d received years before. Now with an even bigger number in his bank account, Acton went to a local landlord, interested in leasing a new three-story building around the corner. The landlord didn’t know who WhatsApp was, but the money talked. The new building is now under construction, and WhatsApp will move in this summer as its staff doubles to 100. In early February 2014, Koum zooms past the new building in his Porsche on the way to a boxing class that he often misses, and is now late for. Will he finally put up a “WhatsApp” sign? “I can’t see a reason for there being a sign. It’s an ego boost,” he scoffs. “We all know where we work.” Later he pulls up to nondescript block building in San Jose, grabs a gym bag and walks into a dimly lit gym for a private lesson with a diminutive, gum-chewing coach standing next to a boom box blasting rap music. “He likes Kanye,” the coach says smiling. He holds two mitts up high as Koum throws slow but powerful punches. Every few minutes Koum sits down for a break, slipping the gloves off and checking for messages from Acton about WhatsApp’s servers. Koum’s boxing style is very focused, the coach says. He doesn’t want to get into kickboxing like most other students, but just get the punching right. You could say the same for a certain messaging service that wants to be as straightforward as possible. It’s true, Koum says, ruddy faced as he puts on his socks and shoes. “I want to do one thing, and do it well.” Ryan Mac and Kerry Dolan contributed reporting for this story. Follow me on Twitter. Send me a secure tip. 8/9
Parmy Olson I cover developments in AI, robotics, chatbots, digital assistants and emerging tech in Europe. I've spent close to a decade profiling the hackers and dreamers who are … Reprints & Permissions 9/9
Best Stories Of The Decade: “The Rags-To-Riches Tale Of How Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook’s New $19 Billion Baby” forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/12/23/exclusive-the-rags-to-riches-tale-of-how-jan-koum-built-whatsapp-into- facebooks-new-19-billion-baby December 23, 2019 Robert Gallagher Editors' Pick|Dec 23, 2019,06:00am EST|5,409 views As this decade ends, we’re republishing our best work from the past 10 years, a journey that reflects Forbes’ two-fold mission: chronicle entrepreneurial capitalism—shining a light on the disruptors changing the world forever—and call out the rogues abusing the system. After Jan Koum, a Ukrainian immigrant who came to America with his mother, agreed to sell WhatsApp to Facebook for $19 billion, he took the contract to the welfare office where he once collected food stamps, signed it on the door—and “WhatsApp’d” the picture to Forbes. Koum almost never talks publicly. Parmy Olson spent 18 months getting him to share his story with our readers. It’s arguably the greatest rags-to-riches saga in American history, told with verve and color within hours of the deal’s announcement. — Randall Lane, Chief Content Officer Originally published Feb. 19, 2014 1/9
Jan Koum picked a meaningful spot to sign the $19 billion deal to sell his company WhatsApp to Facebook earlier today. Koum, cofounder Brian Acton and venture capitalist Jim Goetz of Sequoia drove a few blocks from WhatsApp’s discreet headquarters in Mountain View to a disused white building across the railroad tracks, the former North County Social Services office where Koum, 37, once stood in line to collect food stamps. That’s where the three of them inked the agreement to sell their messaging phenom –which brought in a miniscule $20 million in revenue last year — to the world’s largest social network. Koum, who Forbes believes owns 45% of WhatsApp and thus is suddenly worth $6.8 billion (net of taxes) — was born and raised in a small village outside of Kiev, Ukraine, the only child of a housewife and a construction manager who built hospitals and schools. His house had no hot water, and his parents rarely talked on the phone in case it was tapped by the state. It sounds bad, but Koum still pines for the rural life he once lived, and it’s one of the main reasons he’s so vehemently against the hurly-burly of advertising. At 16, Koum and his mother immigrated to Mountain View, a result of the troubling political and anti-Semitic environment, and got a small two-bedroom apartment though government assistance. His dad never made it over. Koum’s mother had stuffed their suitcases with pens and a stack of 20 Soviet-issued notebooks to avoid paying for school supplies in the U.S. She took up babysitting and Koum swept the floor of a grocery store to help make ends meet. When his mother was diagnosed with cancer, they lived off her disability allowance. Koum spoke English well enough but disliked the casual, flighty nature of American high-school friendships; in Ukraine you went through ten years with the same, small group of friends at school. “In Russia you really learn about a person.” Koum was a troublemaker at school but by 18 had also taught himself computer networking by purchasing manuals from a used book store and returning them when he was done. He joined a hacker group called w00w00 on the Efnet internet relay chat network, squirreled into the servers of Silicon Graphics and chatted with Napster co-founder Sean Fanning. He enrolled at San Jose State University and moonlighted at Ernst & Young as a security tester. In 1997, he found himself sitting across a desk from Acton, Yahoo employee 44, to inspect the company’s advertising system. “You could tell he was a bit different,” recalls Acton. “He was very no-nonsense, like ‘What are your policies here; What are you doing here?’” Other Ernst & Young people were using “touchy-feely” tactics like gifting bottles of wine. “Whatever,\" says Acton. \"Let’s cut to the chase.” It turned out Koum liked Acton’s no-nonsense style too: “Neither of us has an ability to bullshit,” says Koum. Six months later Koum interviewed at Yahoo and got a job as an infrastructure engineer. He was still at San Jose State University when two weeks into his job at Yahoo, one of the company’s servers broke. Yahoo cofounder David Filo called his mobile for help. “I’m in class,” Koum answered discreetly. “What the fuck are you doing in class?” Filo said. “Get your ass into the office.” Filo had a small team of server engineers and needed all the help he could get. “I hated school anyway,” Koum says. He dropped out. 2/9
When Koum’s mother died of cancer in 2000 the young Ukrainian was suddenly alone; his father had died in 1997. He credits Acton with reaching out and offering support. “He would invite me to his house,” Koum remembers. The two went skiing and played soccer and ultimate Frisbee. 3/9
Forbes 2014 Gabriela Hasbun Forbes 4/9
Over the next nine years the pair also watched Yahoo go through multiple ups and downs. Acton invested in the dotcom boom, and lost millions in the 2000 bust. For all of his distaste for advertising now he was also deep in it back then, getting pulled in to help launch Yahoo’s important and much-delayed advertising platform Project Panama in 2006. “Dealing with ads is depressing,” he says now. “You don’t make anyone’s life better by making advertisements work better.” He was emotionally drained. “I could see it on him in the hallways,” says Koum, who wasn’t enjoying things either. In his LinkedIn profile, Koum unenthusiastically describes his last three years at Yahoo with the words, “Did some work.” In September 2007 Koum and Acton finally left Yahoo and took a year to decompress, traveling around South America and playing ultimate frisbee. Both applied, and failed, to work at Facebook. \"We're part of the Facebook reject club,\" Acton says. Koum was eating into his $400,000 in savings from Yahoo, and drifting. Then in January 2009, he bought an iPhone and realized that the seven-month old App Store was about to spawn a whole new industry of apps. He visited the home of Alex Fishman, a Russian friend who would invite the local Russian community to his place in West San Jose for weekly pizza and movie nights. Up to 40 people sometimes showed up. The two of them stood for hours talking about Koum’s idea for an app over tea at Fishman’s kitchen counter. “Jan was showing me his address book,” recalls Fishman. “His thinking was it would be really cool to have statuses next to individual names of the people.” The statuses would show if you were on a call, your battery was low, or you were at the gym. Koum could do the backend, but he needed an iPhone developer, so Fishman introduced Koum to Igor Solomennikov, a developer in Russia that he’d found on RentACoder.com. Koum almost immediately chose the name WhatsApp because it sounded like “what’s up,” and a week later on his birthday, Feb. 24, 2009, he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California. “He’s very thorough,” says Fishman. The app hadn’t even been written yet. Koum spent days creating the backend code to synch his app with any phone number in the world, poring over a Wikipedia entry that listed international dialing prefixes — he would spend many infuriating months updating it for the hundreds of regional nuances. Early WhatsApp kept crashing or getting stuck, and when Fishman installed it on his phone, only a handful of the hundreds numbers on his address book - mostly local Russian friends - had also downloaded it. Over ribs at Tony Roma’s in San Jose, Fishman went over the problems and Koum took notes in one of the Soviet-era notebooks he'd brought over years before and saved for important projects. The following month after a game of ultimate frisbee with Acton, Koum grudgingly admitted he should probably fold up and start looking for a job. Acton balked. “You’d be an idiot to quit now,” he said. “Give it a few more months.” 5/9
Help came from Apple when it launched push notifications in June 2009, letting developers ping users when they weren’t using an app. Jan updated WhatsApp so that each time you changed your status — “Can’t talk, I’m at the gym” — it would ping everyone in your network. Fishman’s Russian friends started using it to ping each other with jokey custom statuses like, “I woke up late,” or “I’m on my way.” “At some point it sort of became instant messaging,” says Fishman. “We started using it as ‘Hey how are you?’ And then someone would reply.” Jan watched the changing statuses on a Mac Mini at his town house in Santa Clara, and realized he’d inadvertently created a messaging service. “Being able to reach somebody half way across the world instantly, on a device that is always with you, was powerful,” says Koum. The only other free texting service around at the time was BlackBerry’s BBM, but that only worked among BlackBerries. There was Google’s G-Talk and Skype, but WhatsApp was unique in that the login was your own phone number. Koum released WhatsApp 2.0 with a messaging component and watched his active users suddenly swell to 250,000. He went to see Acton, who was still unemployed and dabbling in another startup idea that wasn’t going anywhere. The two sat at Acton’s kitchen table and started sending messages to each other on WhatsApp, already with the famous double check mark that showed another phone had received a message. Acton realized he was looking at a potentially richer SMS experience – and more effective than the so-called MMS messages for sending photos and other media that often didn’t work. “You had the whole open-ended bounty of the Internet to work with,” he says. He and Koum worked out of the Red Rock Cafe, a watering hole for startup founders on the corner of California and Bryant in Mountain View; the entire second floor is still full of people with laptops perched on wobbly tables, silently writing code. The two were often up there, Acton scribbling notes and Koum typing. In October Acton got five ex-Yahoo friends to invest $250,000 in seed funding, and as a result was granted cofounder status and a stake. He officially joined on Nov. 1. (The two founders still have a combined stake in excess of 60% — a large number for a tech startup — and Koum is thought to have the larger share because he implemented the original idea nine months before Acton came on board. Early employees are said to have comparatively large equity shares of close to 1%. Koum won’t comment on the matter.) The pair were getting flooded with emails from iPhone users, excited by the prospect of international free texting and desperate to “WhatsApp” their friends on Nokias and BlackBerries. With Android just a blip on the radar, Koum hired an old friend who lived in LA, Chris Peiffer to make the BlackBerry version of WhatsApp. “I was skeptical,” Peiffer remembers. “People have SMS, right?” Koum explained that people’s texts were actually 6/9
metered in different countries. “It stinks,” he told him. “It’s a dead technology like a fax machine left over from the seventies, sitting there as a cash cow for carriers.” Peiffer looked at the eye-popping user growth and joined. Through their Yahoo network they found a startup subleasing some cubicles on a converted warehouse on Evelyn Ave. The whole other half of the building was occupied by Evernote, who would eventually kick them out to take up the whole building. They wore blankets for warmth and worked off cheap Ikea tables. Even then there was no WhatsApp sign for the office. “Their directions were ‘Find the Evernote building. Go round the back. Find an unmarked door. Knock,’” says Michael Donohue, one of WhatsApp’s first BlackBerry engineers recalling his first interview. With Koum and Acton working for free for the first few years, their biggest early cost was sending verification texts to users. Koum and Acton were using cutthroat SMS brokers like Click-A-Tell, who'd send an SMS to the U.S. for 2 cents, but to the Middle East for 65 cents. Today SMS verification runs the company about $500,000 a month. The costs weren’t so steep back then, but high enough to drain Koum’s bank account. Fortunately WhatsApp was gradually bringing in revenue, roughly $5,000 a month by early 2010 and enough to cover the costs then. The founders occasionally switched the app from \"free\" to \"paid\" so they wouldn't grow too fast. In Dec. 2009 they updated WhatsApp for the iPhone to send photos, and were shocked to see user growth increasing even when it had the $1 price tag. “You know, I think we can actually stay paid,” Acton told Koum. By early 2011 WhatsApp was squarely in the top 20 of all apps in the U.S. App Store. During a dim sum lunch with staff, someone asked Koum why he wasn't crowing to the press about it. “Marketing and press kicks up dust,” Koum replied. “It gets in your eye, and then you’re not focusing on the product.” Venture capitalists didn’t need the press to tell them WhatsApp was going viral. Koum and Acton were batting away all requests to talk. Acton saw VC funding as a bailout. But Sequoia partner Jim Goetz was persistent, spending eight months working his contacts to get either founder to engage. He’d met with a dozen other companies in the messaging space like Pinger, Tango and Baluga, but it was clear WhatsApp was the leader, and to Goetz’s surprise the startup was already paying corporate income taxes: “The only time I’ve seen that in my venture career.” He eventually sat down with Koum and Acton at the Red Rock Cafe, answered a “barrage” of their questions and promised not to push advertising models on them but act as a strategic advisor. They eventually agreed to take $8 million from Sequoia on top of their $250,000 seed funding. Two years later in Feb. 2013, when WhatsApp’s user base had swelled to about 200 million active users and its staff to 50, Acton and Koum agreed it was time to raise some more money. “For insurance,” says Acton, who recalled that his mother, who ran her own freight forwarding businesses, used to lose sleep over making payroll. “You never want to be a position where you can’t make payroll.” They decided to hold a second funding round, in 7/9
secret. Sequoia would invest another $50 million, valuing WhatsApp at $1.5 billion. At the time Acton took a screenshot of WhatsApp’s bank balance and sent it to Goetz. It read $8.257 million, still in excess of all the money they’d received years before. Now with an even bigger number in his bank account, Acton went to a local landlord, interested in leasing a new three-story building around the corner. The landlord didn’t know who WhatsApp was, but the money talked. The new building is now under construction, and WhatsApp will move in this summer as its staff doubles to 100. In early February 2014, Koum zooms past the new building in his Porsche on the way to a boxing class that he often misses, and is now late for. Will he finally put up a “WhatsApp” sign? “I can’t see a reason for there being a sign. It’s an ego boost,” he scoffs. “We all know where we work.” Later he pulls up to nondescript block building in San Jose, grabs a gym bag and walks into a dimly lit gym for a private lesson with a diminutive, gum-chewing coach standing next to a boom box blasting rap music. “He likes Kanye,” the coach says smiling. He holds two mitts up high as Koum throws slow but powerful punches. Every few minutes Koum sits down for a break, slipping the gloves off and checking for messages from Acton about WhatsApp’s servers. Koum’s boxing style is very focused, the coach says. He doesn’t want to get into kickboxing like most other students, but just get the punching right. You could say the same for a certain messaging service that wants to be as straightforward as possible. It’s true, Koum says, ruddy faced as he puts on his socks and shoes. “I want to do one thing, and do it well.” Ryan Mac and Kerry Dolan contributed reporting for this story. Follow me on Twitter. Send me a secure tip. 8/9
Parmy Olson I cover developments in AI, robotics, chatbots, digital assistants and emerging tech in Europe. I've spent close to a decade profiling the hackers and dreamers who are … Reprints & Permissions 9/9
Best Stories Of The Decade: “Guns, Girls And Sex Tapes: The Unhinged, Hedonistic Saga Of Billionaire Stewart Rahr, ‘Number One King Of All Fun’” forbes.com/sites/forbesdigitalcovers/2019/12/23/guns-girls-and-sex-tapes-the-unhinged-hedonistic-saga-of-billionaire- stewart-rahr-number-one-king-of-all-fun December 23, 2019 Jonathan Kozowyk Editors' Pick|Dec 23, 2019,06:00am EST|15,923 views Steven BertoniForbes Staff Forbes Digital Covers Contributor Group Business Forbes VP & Senior Editor: Forbes CEO Network, Tech, Investing As this decade ends, we’re republishing our best work from the past 10 years, a journey that reflects Forbes’ two-fold mission: chronicle entrepreneurial capitalism—shining a light on the disruptors changing the world forever—and call out the rogues abusing the system. It’s not the most urgent story we ran this decade. But this profile of Stewart “Stewie Rah Rah” Rahr is surely our most entertaining and one of the most telling, a cautionary tale of what happens when someone comes into unlimited money, with little moral compass to go with it. It’s a party that turns into a train wreck—complete with guns, sex tapes and a cameo from Donald Trump. 1/11
— Randall Lane, Chief Content Officer By Steven Bertoni and Caleb Melby | Originally published Sept. 17, 2013 At 9:15 on a Wednesday night Stewart Rahr struts into Catch, a thumping restaurant in New York's Meatpacking District, with a lithe Taiwanese party promoter on one arm, an aspiring Brazilian actress on the other and his bodyguard, Big Tommy, trailing behind. Rahr wears his thinning hair greased back from his tangerine-tan forehead, a wide-open black button-down hanging untucked over his tight jeans. His custom, highlighter-yellow Swatch (with his face on the watch face) matches his \"I Love Ibiza\" phone case, both consistent with his bright trademark sunglasses. He's promptly seated—for about 30 seconds. Soon Rahr, who is 67 years old and refers to himself in the third person as \"Rah Rah,\" begins pinballing among tables, a 50-cent Black & Mild cigar wedged in his mouth, pointing finger pistols at rapper/producer Doug E. Fresh and R&B singer Maxwell as he shakes his hips and grunts \"Hey-hey-hey!\" It's his latest tagline, one borrowed from Robin Thicke's \"Blurred Lines,\" this summer's ubiquitous hit song made infamous for its music video featuring three aging pop stars surrounded by naked nymphets. Rah Rah's own nymphets sulk at his table, thumbing iPhones, as he bounces over to the eight models seated nearby and informs them that he's single. Hey-hey-hey . Introduced to another young woman, he breaks the ice thusly: \"Where do you work? Over the desk? Under the desk? Everyone has a position.\" Since selling his New York-based drug distribution company, Kinray, to Cardinal Health CAH +0% for $1.3 billion in 2010, the Big Apple has been seeing a lot less of Stewart Rahr. Rah Rah, however, has been pretty unavoidable. Everyone has a friend who seems tons 2/11
of fun to hang out with for a night but proves so exhausting you would rather not see him for a few months. Stewart Rahr is that guy. Times a billion. Rahr keeps an ever-growing list of celebrities, journalists, politicians and fellow billionaires up to speed on his adventures through massive e-mail blasts, often signed \"Stewie Rah Rah Number One King of All Fun.\" Mark Cuban tells FORBES these e-mails are probably the best he's ever seen. The notes almost always come with attachments. See photos of Rahr mugging with Michael Milken, Leonardo DiCaprio, Paris Hilton. See a clip of his private concert by opera star Andrea Bocelli. See him accept an award for his $10 million gift to the Make-A- Wish Foundation. Check out these gorgeous young women in bikinis, cocktail dresses and sometimes nothing at all. In late July Rahr sent an e-mail with the subject line \"So r u going w me to Capri, Italy, n Ibiza,\" which contained a picture of two naked women with the words \"Love life, have fun, Rah Rah,\" along with an abstract likeness of Rahr painted across their bare bottoms. The 400 or so people on Rahr's blind-copied e-mail list (he conspicuously cc's the names, and e-mails, of the more famous, from Jay Leno to Oprah Winfrey, rotating the visible celebrities as a farmer does fields) have become used to such antics. Those not on Rahr's e-mail list also get to live voyeuristically. He's become a staple for the gossip pages, particularly the New York Post's Page Six. In November he was banned from the midtown outlet of Robert De Niro's celebrity sushi joint, Nobu. Ten days later he was taken into custody for allegedly pulling a gun on an elevator operator. And most notoriously, this June it was revealed that he had been sending friends copies of a sex tape involving three women that he filmed in the back of a limousine. \"It was in France; I was single,\" shrugs Rahr. \"I turned around, and the girls were, 'hey-hey- hey, ho-ho-ho,' it's a party.\" All this action dovetails, coincidentally or not, with a $250 million divorce settlement made in May with his wife of 43 years, Carol. Rahr says there's no connection to the uptick in his antics and that he and his ex still have lunch once a week. \"My divorce with Carol was phenomenal,\" says Rahr. \"I love that girl.\" Love is the key word in Rah Rah's vernacular. He intermittently uses \"love life\" and \"love & have fun fun!\" as mottos on almost every communication he sends. He expresses love of friends and family. A love of people, as evidenced by the philanthropic honors he's keen to share. That's what makes the story of Stewart Rahr more than just a tale of Caligulan excess, an ongoing episode of HBO's Entourage (which Rahr scored a walk-on role in, naturally, courtesy of cocreator Mark Wahlberg), except with a lot more years and zeroes. Rahr showers people with what he considers love. The question remains whether he is getting any return on that investment. 3/11
PAST THE HALLWAY with Picasso, Miro and Koons on the high floor of the Trump Park Avenue apartment building, you'll find a sparse, cream-colored room with knockout Manhattan-skyline views that Rahr implies gets a lot of visitors. He calls it the \"panty dropper.\" You can learn a lot about someone by looking around his bedroom. Above his king bed's leather headboard Rahr shows off his most recent art acquisition, a painting depicting a reclined nude woman, those signature yellow sunglasses in hand, \"Rah Rah Forever Young!\" scrawled across her yellow skin, Basquiat-style. His two nightstands, meanwhile, display Rahr's evolution. The one on the left is all Rah Rah, chock-full of framed photos showing him with various members of the A-list (Scarlett Johansson, DiCaprio, Bill Clinton), the drawers below stuffed with copies of Page Six. While he doesn't call the right nightstand Rosebud, he may as well: It's filled with old photos of his parents as well as the grin-and-grab photo that started it all—a young Rahr, perhaps 6 or 7, on vacation at Disneyland, holding hands, at his father's insistence, with Walt Disney himself. Stewart Rahr grew up in Far Rockaway, Queens, the second of two sons. Rahr says his father, Joseph, was rarely home, a workaholic, managing both a small family pharmacy and intermittently trying to get into the distribution game. Rahr describes his mother, Gertrude, as a dominating homemaker who kept quieter Pops \"under her thumb.\" Stewart Rahr with celebrities, including Leonardo DiCaprio. Jonathan-Kozowyk As a kid, Rahr says, he was stricken with polio. He remembers the pervasive loneliness of lying on the floor of his family's living room, trapped in leg braces, while listening to his friends play stickball on the street. By high school, though, Rahr had toughened up. He was a baseball player and top scorer for the varsity basketball team—a fact he proves by producing the official scorekeeper's book. His yearbook has him listed as \"King Rahr\" and \"Most likely to bully teachers.\" After NYU as an undergrad, he attended law school, which he hated. When his father announced plans to sell Kinray in 1969, Rahr dropped out and persuaded his father to let him run the company. \"I wasn't born into the lucky sperm bank like a lot of these other people 4/11
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