Classroom Research The Effectiveness of Kahoot on Grammar Learning: A Case of Mathayom 3 Students Mr. Jiruntanin Sidangam English Teacher Academic Year: 2021 2nd semester Taweethaphisek Bangkhunthian School Secondary School Office Zone 1
ABSTRACT The main purpose of the study was to compare the achievement of learning by using Kahoot games in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. To this purpose, the students of Mathayom 3 were chosen. They weren’t divided into two group but the students were experimented by using Pre-test and Post-test. So the students did the Pre-test about present perfect tense before to do a treatment first by using Kahoot Games Online after that the students got treatment four times about the use of present perfect tense. It concluded that the structure of present perfect, since/for, never/ever, and question form of present perfect tense. After that the students did the Post-test then the results of Pre-test and Post-test were brought to compare that how were they different. Moreover the students had to write a short story by using the knowledge of past simple tense and present perfect tense for telling that they understood how to use present perfect tense. The researcher suggests other teachers trying to apply the Kahoot Game Online with other skills or subjects.
CONTENTS i Topic research……………………………………………………………….. ii Abstract……………………………………………………………………… Chapter 1 1 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………. 1 -Background of the study………………………………………. 1 -Research questions…………………………………………….. 1 -Objective of the study………………………………………….. 2 -Scope of the study…………………………………………….... 2 -Definition terms………………………………………………... 3 -Significant of the study………………………………………… -Sample group…………………………………………………... 4 4 Chapter 2 4 Literature review………………………………………………………. 5 -Kahoot application…………………………………………….. 5 -Kahoot in the Classroom……………………………………… 6 -What is Kahoot?………………………………………………. 7 -How do we get Kahoot? ……………………………………… -How to use Kahoot? …………………………………………... 8 -How can we use Kahoot in classroom instruction? ………….. 8 9-11 Chapter 3 Methodology………………………………………………………….. 12 -Procedure……………………………………………………… -Data analysis………………………………………………….. 12-13 Chapter 4 14-15 Results and discussion of the study…………………………………… 16 - Results of: Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 1 and (Posttest) SET 1…………………………………… 17 -Results of: Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense 17 (Pretest) SET 2 and (Posttest) SET 2……………………………… 17 -Discussion……………………………………………………… 18 Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommendations of the study……………………… -Conclusion……………………………………………………. -Recommendations……………………………………………. References…………………………………………………………………… Appendix -The test (Pretest and Posttest) -Instructional Medias -Writing Test (Posttest)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the study Last term, the researcher has just taught the students Matthayom 3 in the school since last semester (The first semester of academic year 2021). The researcher has just met many problems in teaching, especially grammar structure. So, the problem is the students who cannot understand the grammar structure Present perfect tense that how to use it when they want to describe or explain the activities or situations those happen before and continue to the present time. Moreover the students cannot change the main verb into Verb 3 (past participle) and they are always going to confuse when they will change the main verb into Verb 2 (past simple). So, the researcher has just created the method by using the grammar structure teaching Present perfect tense by using the Kahoot game to be the tool of this research. Research questions -Will the Kahoot game be able to help the students to use the grammar structure Present perfect tense for improving writing skill or not? -Can the Kahoot game help the students to resolve the problem of using the grammar structure Present perfect tense for improving writing skill into correct form or not? Objective of the study For comparing the achievement of learning by using Kahoot game in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. Scope of the study 1. Sample: The students are Matthayom 3 Room M.3/3 (323) There are 32 students 2. Topics: Present perfect tense structure “S + Have/Has + V3 (Past participle)”. Present perfect tense with “Since” and “For”. Present perfect tense with “Ever” and “Never”. Present perfect tense with “Just”, “Already”, “Yet” and “Question forms”. 3. Independent variable/Intervention and Dependent variable. Independent variable is the Kahoot game to help for improving writing skill of the grammar structure Present perfect tense. Dependent variable is the students can use the knowledge and the understood the grammar structure Present perfect tense in writing to 1
4. Duration: describe, to explain or to tell the activities or situations that have happened before and continue to the present time into correct form. Four times altogether, consist of Pretest and Posttest. Four times in December, 2021. Definitions of terms 1. Kahoot is the software that it uses for teaching and consists of game. In Kahoot has indicators that it can collect the scores of the progress of each student by playing the game through the internet online by the researcher who is the creator the game. When the students want to play the game, so they have to fill out the full name and surname then they have to fill out the numbers that appear on the screen of the researcher who is the creator the game for specifying themselves also. 2. Smart TV is the Smart TV of the school that it can connect with the computer for showing the scores of playing the game online. So it has HDMI cable or Screen Mirroring when we want to connect with Laptop or PC 3. Laptop is a private personal computer. 4. PC is a desktop computer. 5. Internet Wi-Fi is the internet wireless of the school. 6. App Kahoot is the application that it uses for playing Kahoot game online and it consists of the test and the assessment that the researcher has already created on the Kahoot. 7. Mouse Pointer is the slider for sliding and pointing the data, page or frames on Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation on the screen. 8. Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation is the Instructional Medias that it consists of the contents and details: Present perfect tense structure “S + Have/Has + V3 (Past participle)”. Present perfect tense with “Since” and “For”. Present perfect tense with “Ever” and “Never”. Present perfect tense with “Just”, “Already”, “Yet” and “Question form”. Significant of the study Using Kahoot game for comparing the achievement of learning in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. And the students can use the knowledge and the understood the grammar structure Present perfect tense in writing to describe, to explain or to tell the activities or situations that have happened before and continue to the present time into correct form after they have learned. 2
Sample group The students are Matthayom 3. So the researcher has chosen Matthayom 3 Room M.3/3. In this class there are 32 students altogether. The cause and the reason have chosen this class because the students are moderate group, so when the researcher do already the action research. It will be able to see clearly between the different of the tools and the abilities of the students more than others class. 3
CHAPTER 2 Literature review Kahoot application The increasing technology has brought some influences in education especially in language learning. It has shifted the learning process from conventional teaching into contemporary learning. Kahoot is a game-based approach that has been introduced in some areas of life especially in education. It contains questions on specific topics. Once you download the program, the users can create and design their own questions based on their needs and topics. They can set the time, play it to an unlimited number of players, creating a social, fun and game-like learning environment (Endang Susilowati, 2017). Currently, the game-based learning has become more common in education. Most research papers related to this subject show that the game-based learning has a positive effect compared to traditional learning methods. In terms of students' performance, research proved that students who learn using the game-based learning are significantly better than students who learn using traditional methods. This is because, by using the game-based learning, it can promote students' learning. Studies also found that game- based learning can improve their motivation, promotes engagement with learning and provides effective feedback to them. One of the emerging game-based learning platform used in education institutions is Kahoot. It is freely available, a real-time, game-based learning platform that has gained wide acceptance globally with more than 30 million users worldwide. It allows teachers to create game-based quizzes, surveys and a few more things in which the participants compete against each other. Top responders for each question are revealed and the overall winner(s) will be displayed at the end of the Kahoot session. The scoreboard at the end of the game will display the winners. The good thing about Kahoot is, the results including their descriptive analysis data can be exported and saved by the instructors for future reference. (Muhd Al-Aarifin Ismail, Jamilah Al- Muhammady Mohammad, 2017) Kahoot in the Classroom Kahoot is an online game that tests student’s knowledge of course content. The game is free for both teachers and students, and simply requires a multimedia tool to participate (Siegle, 2015). A cellphone, laptop, or Chromebook works for running the Kahoot website. Teachers can create quizzes using multiple choice questions presented in a game-based format to students. The quizzes contain questions that have up to four possible choices, and questions can contain various multimedia contents such as pictures or videos (Siegle, 2015). On top of the number of answer choices, Kahoot also provides teachers with the ability to select the amount of time that the students have to respond to each question (Siegle, 2015). The students join the game via a specific generated game code and are able to create their own nicknames to be displayed on the game screen. If a name is inappropriate for school use the teacher can simply click on the name and the student is kicked out of the game (Siegle, 2015). Furthermore, Kahoot is easy to use in its game-like format and is gaining popularity across the country (Singer, 2016). Singer (2016) reports that of the approximate 55 million elementary and middle school students in the United States, about 20 million of them are using Kahoot to some extent. Kahoot uses educational trends to capitalize on their popularity. These educational trends include 4
gamification and student engagement. The makers of the video game rely on student engagement and interest to keep the popularity of the game spreading (Singer, 2016). 13 One possible drawback of the popularity of Kahoot is the concern that students will begin to get bored of playing the game (Wang, 2015). Wang (2015) looked into the effect of playing Kahoot in class daily and how it may affect the interest of the students, perceived learning, and classroom dynamics. The study was conducted on 126 university students. The researcher conducted and collected data from two cases. The first case used Kahoot once after a 45 minute lecture. The second case used Kahoot after every lecture for an entire semester. The study found that the daily use of the online game had no effect on the classroom dynamics, student engagement, or student motivation. In fact, the study showed that 57% of the 126 students who participated in the study said that they would like to continue to play Kahoot after every lecture and 75% of the students felt that they learned something from playing Kahoot (2015). What is Kahoot? Kahoot is a free game-based learning platform for teachers of awesome, classroom superheroes and all learners. Play, learn, have fun and celebrate together. And it is a tool for using technology to administer quizzes, discussions or surveys. It is a game based classroom response system played by the whole class in real time. Multiple-choice questions are projected on the screen. Students answer the questions with their smart phone, tablet or computer (www.Kahoot.com) January 30, 2018. How do we get Kahoot? Go to www.getkahoot.com Press on the large purple “GET MY FREE ACCOUNT” button. Fill in your role (teacher), your school or university, create a username, supply your email and select a password. 5
How to use Kahoot? You create the quiz, survey or discussion item. After you have created an account, you will see a screen with three icons for a quiz, discussion item or survey. Make your selection and build your game. Questions have a 95-character limit and have up to four answer options. Select the correct answer by pressing the red “Incorrect” button. It will turn green and say “Correct”. Choose a time limit between 5 and 120 seconds. You may embed an image or a YouTube video. Continue to add and edit questions using the toolbar on the bottom of the screen. To complete the quiz, select “Next” and follow the instructions. You may add a cover image and you select whether you want to make your game public or private. You are now ready to launch your game. Your Kahoot games are saved in My Kahoots. You then select the game you want to launch and press the Play button. Students login to the game using their smart phone or computer. Kahoot displays a game pin to join the quiz (see example below). Students enter the game pin on their device and create a username that will display as the game progresses. Students get points for correctness and speed. The correct question and a scoreboard display after each question. 6
You can see the results of your quizzes in the My Kahoot section. Click on the purple cloud next to the game plays. If you allowed students to select a user name, you will want them to share that name with you so you can track the results. How can we use Kahoot in classroom instruction? 1. Create a quiz to reinforce learning outcomes. 2. You can create a game to introduce a topic. It can help you discover what the students already know and where you should focus your instruction. 3. It works best with short, quick response questions. It is a great tool for learning terminology. 4. The frequently asked questions section does address using the game in online instruction. Online students would need to load Kahoot on their machines and use a different device to play the game. 5. Survey the students about something you are discussing in your unit of study. For example, I could display choices a controller is facing that may or may not be ethical. The students would select whether or not they believe the controller made an ethical business decision. We would then discuss the results. 6. Create a quiz to use as a study session for an upcoming exam. 7. You can play the game a second time using a “ghost”. The game plays the same as previously but now the students are playing against their first responses and hoping to improve their score. 7
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Procedures Section Methodology Date Procedures of the study Nov 8, 2021- Process Time Nov 12, 2021 1 Activities/Lesson plans Nov 15-18, 2 3 Find out the topic of the study. 2021 4 Nov 22, 2021- Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 Draft the Pre-test and Post-test. Nov 23, 2021 51 Nov 24, 2021- Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 Checker and reviewer the Pre-test and Post- Nov 26, 2021 62 Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 test by three professional teachers. 73 Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 Upload the Pre-test and Post-test Dec 8, 2021 84 Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 into Kahoot online. 9 Sec. 5 11:55-12:50 Dec 15, 2021 10 Do Pre-test SET 1 and Pre-test SET 2 11 on Kahoot Online. Dec 22, 2021 Teaching Present perfect tense structure Dec 29, 2021 “S + Have/Has + V3 (Past participle)”. Jan 5, 2022 Teaching Present perfect tense with Jan 12, 2022 “Since” and “For”. Jan 13, 2022 Teaching Present perfect tense with “Ever” and “Never”. Teaching Present perfect tense with “Just”, “Already”, “Yet” and “Question forms”. Do Post-test SET 1 and Post-test SET 2 on Kahoot Online. Do the writing test (Post-test). Data analysis. Results and discussion. Conclusion and recommendations. 1. Find out the topic of the study. The researcher has just taught the students Mathayom 3 in the school since last semester (The first semester of academic year 2021). The researcher has just met many problems in teaching, especially grammar structure. So, the problem is the students who cannot understand the grammar structure Present perfect tense that how to use it when they want to describe or explain the activities or situations those happen before and continue to the present time. Moreover the students cannot change the main verb into Verb 3 (past participle) and they are always going to confuse when they will change the main verb into Verb 2 (past simple). So, the researcher has just created the method by using the grammar structure teaching Present perfect tense by using the Kahoot game to be the tool of this research. 2. Draft the Pre-test and Post-test. The test are adapted from www.azargrammar.com Fundamental of English Grammar Present perfect tense by Betty Azar and Stacy Hagen, www.eclecticenglish.com Present Perfect Created by: Nikita Kovalyov Updated: April 2004, and www.Anglo-Link.com. 8
3. Upload the Pre-test and Post-test into Kahoot online. After the tests are checked and reviewed by three professional teachers. The researcher brings the tests are checked and reviewed upload into Kahoot online for preparing them before the researcher will give the students to do Pre-test and Post-test on Kahoot exercise online. 4. The students M.3/3 do the Kahoot exercise online Pre-test SET 1 and Pre-test SET 2 Before the researcher will teach the use of Present perfect tense. The research gives the students to do the Kahoot exercise online Pre-test SET 1 and Pre-test SET 2 first. 5. Teaching the use of Present perfect tense four times. After the researcher has already gave the students to do the Kahoot exercise online Pre-test SET 1 and Pre-test SET 2. The research will teach the use of Present perfect tense four times. 5.1 Lesson 1: Present perfect tense structure “S + Have/Has + V3 (Past participle)”. 5.2 Lesson 2: Present perfect tense with “Since” and “For”. 5.3 Lesson 3: Present perfect tense with “Ever” and “Never”. 5.4 Lesson 4: Present perfect tense with “Just”, “Already”, “Yet”, and “Question forms”. 6. The students M.3/2 do the Kahoot exercise online Post-test SET 1 and Post-test SET 2. After the researcher has already taught. Next step, the researcher gives the students to do the Kahoot exercise online Post-test SET 1 and Post-test SET 2. 7. The students M.3/3 do the writing test (Post-test) by using Present perfect tense. Present perfect tense structure “S + Have/Has + V3 (Past participle)”. Present perfect tense with “Since” and “For”. Present perfect tense with “Ever” and “Never”. Present perfect tense with “Just”, “Already”, “Yet” and “Question forms”. For sure that the students can use or understood the use of Present perfect tense. The researcher gives the students to do writing test (Post-test) after the students to do the Kahoot exercise online Post-test SET 1 and Post-test SET 2 because for checking that the students can describe or explain the activities or situations those happen before and continue to the present time correctly or not. Data analysis Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 1 Played on 8 Dec 2021 Hosted by JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played with 30 players Played 20 of 20 questions 9
Overall Performance 62.68% Total correct answers (%) 37.32% Total incorrect answers (%) Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 1 Played on 5 Jan 2022 Hosted by JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played with 30 players Played 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance 69.25% Total correct answers (%) 30.75% Total incorrect answers (%) From the table of the result Pretest SET 1, the total correct answers (%) are 62.68% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 37.32%. And the table of the result Posttest SET 1, the total correct answers (%) are 69.25% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 30.75%. First, they showed the total correct answers (%) are 62.68% of Pre-learning and the total correct answers (%) are 69.25% of Post-leaning, so it showed that they are improved because the scores are increase. Second, they showed the total incorrect answers (%) are 37.32% of Pre-learning and the total incorrect answers (%) are 30.75% of Post-leaning so it showed that they are improved because the scores are decrease. Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 2 Played on 8 Dec 2021 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 28 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance 10
Total correct answers (%) 50.81% Total incorrect answers (%) 49.19% Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 2 Played on 5 Jan 2022 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 28 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance 56.12% Total correct answers (%) 43.87% Total incorrect answers (%) From the table of the result Pretest SET 2, the total correct answers (%) are 50.81% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 49.19%. And the table of the result Posttest SET 2, the total correct answers (%) are 56.12% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 43.87%. First, they showed the total correct answers (%) are 50.81% of Pre- learning and the total correct answers (%) are 56.12% of Post-leaning, so it showed that they are improved because the scores are increase. Second, they showed the total incorrect answers (%) are 49.19% of Pre-learning and the total incorrect answers (%) are 43.87%. of Post-leaning so it showed that they are improved because the scores are decrease. 11
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSION OF THE STUDY Results of: Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 1 and Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 1 Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 1 Played on 8 Dec 2021 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 30 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance Total correct answers (%) 62.68% 37.32% Total incorrect answers 9759.32 points (%) Average score (points) Feedback How fun was it? (out of 5) 4.00 out of 5 Did you learn something? 86.96% Yes 13.04% No Do you recommend it? 86.96% Yes 13.04% No How do you feel? ◉ 80.00% ◉ 11.43% ◉ 8.57% Positive Neutral Negative Switch tabs/pages to view other result breakdown 12
Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 1 Played on 5 Jan 2022 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 28 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance Total correct answers (%) 69.25% 30.75% Total incorrect answers 12530.95 points (%) Average score (points) Feedback How fun was it? (out of 5) 4.61 out of 5 Did you learn something? 95.83% Yes 4.17% No Do you recommend it? 95.83% Yes 4.17% No How do you feel? ◉ 79.49% ◉ 20.51% ◉ 0.00% Positive Neutral Negative Switch tabs/pages to view other result breakdown These are the results of Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 1 and Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 1. They showed the scores of Pretest SET 1 and Posttest SET 1. So the Pretest SET 1and Posttest SET 1 have 20 questions with multiple choices. From the table of the result Pretest SET 1, the total correct answers (%) are 62.68% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 37.32%. And the table of the result Posttest SET 1, the total correct answers (%) are 69.25% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 30.75%. 13
Results of: Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 2 and Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 2 Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 2 Played on 8 Dec 2021 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 30 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance Total correct answers (%) 50.81% Total incorrect answers 49.19% (%) 7533.24 points Average score (points) Feedback 4.17 out of 5 11.11% No 88.89% Yes How fun was it? (out of 5) Did you learn something? Do you recommend it? 88.89% Yes 11.11% No How do you feel? ◉ 80.00% ◉ 16.67% ◉ 3.33.% Positive Neutral Negative Switch tabs/pages to view other result breakdown 14
Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 2 Played on 5 Jan 2022 Hosted by Played with JIRUNTANIN SIDANGAM Played 28 players 20 of 20 questions Overall Performance Total correct answers (%) 56.12% 43.87% Total incorrect answers 10016.83 points (%) Average score (points) Feedback How fun was it? (out of 5) 4.36 out of 5 Did you learn something? 100.00% Yes 0.00% No Do you recommend it? 95.45% Yes 4.55% No How do you feel? ◉ 70.27% ◉ 24.32% ◉ 5.41% Positive Neutral Negative Switch tabs/pages to view other result breakdown These are the results of Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pretest) SET 2 and Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Posttest) SET 2. They showed the scores of Pretest SET 2 and Posttest SET 2. So the Pretest SET 2 and Posttest SET 2 have 20 questions with multiple choices. From the table of the result Pretest SET 2, the total correct answers (%) are 50.81% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 49.19%. And the table of the result Posttest SET 2, the total correct answers (%) are 56.12% and the total incorrect answers (%) are 43.87%. 15
Discussion The results from the study showed that the use Kahoot game in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning for comparing the achievement of learning had a positive effect. The outcomes are increase. From the table of the result Pretest SET 1 and Posttest SET1. First, they showed the total correct answers (%) are 62.68% of Pre-learning and the total correct answers (%) are 69.25% of Post-leaning, so it showed that they are improved because the scores are increase. Second, they showed the total incorrect answers (%) are 37.32% of Pre-learning and the total incorrect answers (%) are 30.75% of Post-leaning so it showed that they are improved because the scores are decrease. From the table of the result Pretest SET 2 and Posttest SET 2. First, they showed the total correct answers (%) are 50.81% of Pre-learning and the total correct answers (%) are 56.12% of Post-leaning, so it showed that they are improved because the scores are increase. Second, they showed the total incorrect answers (%) are 49.19% of Pre- learning and the total incorrect answers (%) are 43.87%. of Post-leaning so it showed that they are improved because the scores are decrease. There are several factors that contributed to the significant results. One of the possible explanations for the result is that the students enjoy the class room activities. After the Kahoot game has already done, the students were active to learn the lessons better and they can use the knowledge or understood that they have learned to describe, explain the situations those happened in the past and they continue to the present time in writing better. The second factor is that the students not only did indeed review the grammar learning, besides the Kahoot game helped the researcher to prepare the students for teaching others lessons. Because the Kahoot game concentrated the students to focus on every lessons or contents. 16
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY Conclusion Findings from this study indicated that using Kahoot game in teaching Present perfect tense for comparing the achievement of learning for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. The results of Pretest and Posttest show the different and increasing of the scores. Therefore, the Kahoot game can improve the writing skill by it can review the use of present perfect tense before the students to write sentences or short story about the situations that have happened in the past and continue to the present time. Recommendations It may be thought that the use of language games is the best way of teaching and even though the results are highly satisfying, there are still many questions unanswered. Searching for the answers to them could be the focus of further research. Some problems and problematic issues that need to be measured, answered and solved are, for example: 1. At what point, after numerous games, would the students become bored and disinterested? 2. Will the students still be engaged after years of being exposed to various gamified systems? Or will their interest wane? 3. How long-lasting are the results and how effective is this type of learning? 4. How dangerous and monotonous can it be to enhance motivation only through a system of points and rewards? 5. How effective can this method of gaining knowledge and improving skills be in the long run? 6. Will schools demand that teachers prepare more and more gamified courses to attract more and more students? 7. Will schools still need face-to-face teaching in the cost-cutting model of managing education? 8. How much will teachers resist to this model of learning? 9. What kind of game content can be game-proof? The list of possible questions will probably increase as gamification becomes more popular and widespread. So far, my research has been concentrated more on the positive aspects rather than the negative. 17
REFERENCES Kahoot. http:/blog.getkahoot.com/post/58906886260/what-is-a-kahoot. Wright, Andre. , Betteridge, David & Buckby, Michael. 1984. Games for Language Learning. Cambridge University Press. www.teflgames.com/why.html. Richard, G & Rogers, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Longman. Betty Azar & Stacy Hagen co-author of the Azar-Hagen Grammar Series 1941, 1956. Fundamental of English Grammar / Betty Schrampfer Azar. 3rd ed. http://www.azargrammar.com/materials/feg/FEG03_PowerPoint.html http://www.azargrammar.com/materials/feg/FEG_TchrCreated.html Su, C., & Cheng, C. (2015). A mobile gamification learning system for improving the learning motivation and achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 268-286. Singer, N. (2016, April 16). Kahoot App Brings Urgency of a Quiz Show to the Classroom. New York Times. Siegle, D. (2015). Technology: Learning can be fun and games. Gifted Child Today, 38(3), 192. Noemi, P., & Maximo, S. H. (2014). Educational games for learning. Universal Journal Of Educational Research, 2(3), 230-238. Johns, K. (2015). Engaging and Assessing Students with Technology: A Review of Kahoot!. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 81(4), 89. Huang, S. (2015; 2014). Mixed-method research on learning vocabulary through technology reveals vocabulary growth in second-grade students. Reading Psychology, 36(1), 1-30. doi: 10.1080/02702711.2013.808723 Hung, H., & Yuen, S. C. (2010). Educational use of social networking technology in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(6), 703-714. Dellos, R. (2015). Kahoot! A digital game resource for learning. Instructional Technology, 49. Muhd Al-Aarifin Ismail, Jamilah Al-Muhammady Mohammad (2017). Kahoot: A Promising Tool for Formative Assessment in Medical Education Kahoot, Formative assessment, Assessment, Game-based learning, Medical education Ewa Zarzycka-Piskorz (2014). KAHOOT IT OR NOT? CAN GAMES BE MOTIVATING IN LEARNING GRAMMAR? Teaching English with Technology, 16(3), 17-36, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1135685.pdf 18
APPENDIX
THE TEST (PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST)
Kahoot Exercise Online Pretest-Posttest Present perfect tense. Complete the sentences into correct form. 1. We_____________ in class since ten o’clock this morning. [A] has been [B] have been [C] have be 2. I_____________Ben for ten years. I met him ten years ago. I still know him today. We are friends. [A] has known [B] have knew [C] have known 3. We_____________ at MBP school for three years. We have studied since 2015. [A] has study [B] have studied [C] have studies 4. A: Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? B: I_____________it. I finished my work two hours ago. [A] have just finish [B] have already finish [C] have already finished 5. I was in Europe last year. I _____________to Europe several times. [A] have been [B] has been [C] have be 6. A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’ve finished? B: Thanks I_____________it since a couple of months ago. [A] has already read(V2) [B] have already read(V3) [C] have already read(V1) 7. Jimmy_____________here for two years. He moved in two years ago. [A] has lived [B] have lived [C] has live 8. Pongpavee_____________English since he was a child. [A] has studied [B] has study [C] have studied 9. The teacher _____________English since last semester. [A] has taught [B] has teached [C] have taught 10. I_____________my breakfast since at six o’clock in the morning. [A] have had [B] have have [C] has have 1. [B] have been ANSWERS: 3. [B] have studied 4. [C] have already finished 2. [C] have known 6. [B] have already read(V3) 7. [A] has lived 5. [A] have been 9. [A] has taught 10. [A] have had 8. [A] has studied
For / since with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 1. They have swum____________one hour. [A] since [B] for 2. She has been successful_____________she was young. [A] since [B] for 3. I have been in New York_____________14 years. [A] since [B] for 4. He has taught us the English lesson_____________35 minutes. [A] since [B] for 5. She has changed her work____________many years. [A] since [B] for 6. He has been a singer____________1999. [A] since [B] for 7. They have been married____________1965. [A] since [B] for 8. I have worked here_____________3 months. [A] since [B] for 9. It has been a nice town____________I was university student. [A] since [B] for 10. I have played football___________11:30 a.m. [A] since [B] for ANSWERS: 1. [A] since 2. [B] for 3. [A] since 4. [B] for 5. [B] for 6. [A] since 7. [A] since 8. [A] since 9. [B] for 10. [A] since
EVER and NEVER with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 1. Have you_____________lobster? [A] never eat [B] ever eaten [C] ever ate 2. I have_____________to France. [A] ever were [B] never been [C] not never been 3. I think, I have_____________really_____________you. [A] never/known [B] ever/knew [C] never/know 4. That’s the smallest car I have_____________. [A] ever droven [B] ever driven [C] ever drove 5. Has Ann ever been in China? No, she hasn’t. she_____________in China. [A] never been [B] no never been [C] ever been 6. She is probably the most fascinating woman I have_____________. [A] ever meet [B] ever met [C] never see 7. A: How long have you_____________there? B: For ten years. [A] ever life [B] ever lived [C] live 8. Have your children_____________pizza or spaghetti? [A] ever has [B] ever had [C] never have 9. Have you ever gone to abroad when you were a child? No, I have_____________to abroad when you were a child. [A] never went [B] never gone [C] never go 10. Have you ever known Barak Obama before? No, I have_____________him before. [A] never known [B] ever known [C] ever knew ANSWERS: (1) [B] ever eaten (2) [B] never been (3) [A] never known (4) [B] ever driven (5) [A] never been (6) [C] ever met(V3) (7) [B] ever lived (8) [B] ever had (9) [B] never gone (10) [A] never known
Yet, already, since, for with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 1) Wait a moment please! I have not finished the last exercise______ [A] yet [B] already [C] since 2) I have_______seen this movie twice. [A] already [ B] yet [C] since 3) We have not seen each other_______Saturday. [A] for [B] already [C] since 4) Jack and Pauline have been married_______three years. [A] for [B] to [C] since 5) Haven't you done your Christmas shopping______? [A] to [B] yet [C] already 6) Stephen has worked here_______last May. [A] for [B] from [C] since 7) Put your money away. I have_______paid the bill. [A] not yet [B] yet [C] already 8) I have lived in the same house________I was born. [A] for [B] since [C] yet 9) I have not cooked supper______because I thought you were going to be late. [A] already [B] yet [C] for 10) Do not say anything to Mary. I have not told anyone________. [A] since [B] already [C] yet ANSWERS: 1) [A] yet 2) [A] already 3) [C] since 4) [A] for 5) [B] yet 6) [C] since 7) [C] already 8) [B] since 9) [B] yet 10) [C] yet
Taweethaphisek Bangkhunthian School Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) Second semester Year of education 2021 Class: Matthayom 3 Room 323 (M.3/3) Action Research: Topic comparing the achievement of learning by using Kahoot game in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Explanations: Form of the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test). The Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) has 40 items altogether. 1. The Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) tests the abilities of using Present perfect tense. 2. Period of time (Minutes/Second): 20 minutes/ 1,200 seconds. Method of answering the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test): Choose the only one correct answer by touching a symbol that appears on the screen of the devices (smart phones/computers/tablets) of the students. Criteria of the scores: Top scores are 40 points. An item is 1 score. Procedure of the examination: 1. The students have to type full name and surname before testing the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) 2. When the students are ready. Then the teacher pushes the button on the screen to start to play the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test). Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) Present perfect tense. Complete the sentences into correct form. 1. We_____________ in class since ten o’clock this morning. [A] has been [B] have been [C] have be 2. I_____________Ben for ten years. I met him ten years ago. I still know him today. We are friends. [A] has known [B] have knew [C] have known 3. We_____________ at MBP school for three years. We have studied since 2015. [A] has study [B] have studied [C] have studies
4. A: Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? B: I_____________it. I finished my work two hours ago. [A] have just finish [B] have already finish [C] have already finished 5. I was in Europe last year. I _____________to Europe several times. [A] have been [B] has been [C] have be 6. A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’ve finished? B: Thanks I_____________it since a couple of months ago. [A] has already read(V2) [B] have already read(V3)[C] have already read(V1) 7. Jimmy_____________here for two years. He moved in two years ago. [A] has lived [B] have lived [C] has live 8. Pongpavee_____________English since he was a child. [A] has studied [B] has study [C] have studied 9. The teacher _____________English since last semester. [A] has taught [B] has teached [C] have taught 10. I_____________my breakfast since at six o’clock in the morning. [A] have had [B] have have [C] has have For / since with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 11. They have swum____________one hour. [A] since [B] for 12. She has been successful_____________she was young. [A] since [B] for 13. I have been in New York_____________14 years. [A] since [B] for 14. He has taught us the English lesson_____________35 minutes. [A] since [B] for 15. She has changed her work____________many years. [A] since [B] for 16. He has been a singer____________1999. [A] since [B] for 17. They have been married____________1965. [A] since [B] for 18. I have worked here_____________3 months. [A] since [B] for 19. It has been a nice town____________I was a university student. [A] since [B] for 20. I have played football___________11:30 a.m. [A] since [B] for
EVER and NEVER with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 21. Have you_____________lobster? [A] never eat [B] ever eaten [C] ever ate 22. I have_____________to France. [A] ever were [B] never been [C] not never been 23. I think, I have_____________really_____________you. [A] never/known [B] ever/knew [C] never/know 24. That’s the smallest car I have_____________. [A] ever droven [B] ever driven [C] ever drove 25. A: Has Ann ever been in China? B: No, she hasn’t. she_____________in China. [A] never been [B] no never been [C] ever been 26. She is probably the most fascinating woman I have_____________. [A] ever meet [B] ever met [C] never see 27. A: How long have you_____________there? B: For ten years. [A] ever life [B] ever lived [C] live 28. Have your children_____________pizza or spaghetti? [A] ever has [B] ever had [C] never have 29. A: Have you ever gone to abroad when you were a child? B: No, I have_____________to abroad when you were a child. [A] never went [B] never gone [C] never go 30. A: Have you ever known Barak Obama before? B: No, I have_____________him before. [A] never known [B] ever known [C] ever knew Yet, already, since, for with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 31. Wait a moment please! I have not finished the last exercise______ [A] yet [B] already [C] since 32. I have_______seen this movie twice. [A] already [B] yet [C] since 33. We have not seen each other_______Saturday. [A] for [B] already [C] since 34. Jack and Pauline have been married_______three years. [A] for [B] to [C] since 35. Haven't you done your Christmas shopping______? [A] to [B] yet [C] already 36. Stephen has worked here_______last May. [A] for [B] from [C] since 37. Put your money away. I have_______paid the bill. [A] not yet [B] yet [C] already 38. I have lived in the same house________I was born. [A] for [B] since [C] yet
39. I have not cooked supper______because I thought you were going to be late. [A] already [B] yet [C] for 40. Do not say anything to Mary. I have not told anyone________. [A] since [B] already [C] yet ANSWER KEYS Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Pre-test) 1. [B] have been 21. [B] ever eaten 2. [C] have known 22. [B] never been 3. [B] have studied 23. [A] never known 4. [C] have already finished 24. [B] ever driven 5. [A] have been 25. [A] never been 6. [B] have already read(V3) 26. [B] ever met 7. [A] has lived 27. [B] ever lived 8. [A] has studied 28. [B] ever had 9. [A] has taught 29. [B] never gone 10. [A] have had 30. [A] never known 11. [B] for 31. [A] yet 12. [A] since 32. [A] already 13. [B] for 33. [C] since 14. [B] for 34. [A] for 15. [B] for 35. [B] yet 16. [A] since 36. [C] since 17. [A] since 37. [C] already 18. [A] since 38. [B] since 19. [A] since 39. [B] yet 20. [A] since 40. [C] yet
Taweethaphisek Bangkhunthian School Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test) Second semester Year of education 2021 Class: Matthayom 3 Room 323 (M.3/3) Action Research: Topic comparing the achievement of learning by using Kahoot game in teaching Present perfect tense for improving writing skill in English subject Pre-learning and Post-learning. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Explanations: Form of the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test). The Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test) has 40 items altogether. 1. The Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test) tests the abilities of using Present perfect tense. 2. Period of time (Minutes/Second): 20 minutes/ 1,200 seconds. Method of answering the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test): Choose the only one correct answer by touching a symbol that appears on the screen of the devices (smart phones/computers/tablets) of the students. Criteria of the scores: Top scores are 40 points. An item is 1 score. Procedure of the examination: 1. The students have to type full name and surname before testing the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test) 2. When the students are ready. Then the teacher pushes the button on the screen to start to play the Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test). 3. Writing test (Post-test). Write a short story by using the knowledge of present perKfeachtotoetnEsxeearcnisde pOansltinseimPrpelseenttenpesref.e(ctStternuscet(uProes,t-stiensct)e/for, Preevseenr/tnpeevrfeerc,tqteunesset.iConomfpolremte/tjuhests/eanltreenacdesy/inyteot)correct form. 1. I_____________my breakfast since at six o’clock in the morning. [A] have had [B] have have [C] has have 2. The teacher _____________English since last semester. [A] has taught [B] has teached [C] have taught 3. Pongpavee_____________English since he was a child. [A] has studied [B] has study [C] have studied 4. Jimmy_____________here for two years. He moved in two years ago. [A] has lived [B] have lived [C] has live
5. A: This is a good book. Would you like to read it when I’ve finished? B: Thanks I_____________it since a couple of months ago. [A] has already read(V2) [B] have already read(V3) [C] have already read(V1) 6. I was in Europe last year. I _____________to Europe several times. [A] have been [B] has been [C] have be 7. A: Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed? B: I_____________it. I finished my work two hours ago. [A] have just finish [B] have already finish [C] have already finished 8. We_____________ at MBP school for three years. We have studied since 2015. [A] has study [B] have studied [C] have studies 9. I_____________Ben for ten years. I met him ten years ago. I still know him today. We are friends. [A] has known [B] have knew [C] have known 10. We_____________ in class since ten o’clock this morning. [A] has been [B] have been [C] have be For / since with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 11. I have played football___________11:30 a.m. [A] since [B] for 12. Luise has been a nice town____________I was a university student. [A] since [B] for 13. I have worked here_____________3 months. [A] since [B] for 14. They have been married____________1965. [A] since [B] for 15. He has been a singer____________1999. [A] since [B] for 16. She has changed her work____________many years. [A] since [B] for 17. He has taught us the English lesson_____________35 minutes. [A] since [B] for 18. I have been in New York_____________14 years. [A] since [B] for 19. She has been successful_____________she was young. [A] since [B] for 20. They have swum____________one hour. [A] since [B] for EVER and NEVER with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 21. A: Have you ever known Barak Obama before? B: No, I have_____________him before. [A] never known [B] ever known [C] ever knew 22. A: Have you ever gone to abroad when you were a child? B: No, I have_____________to abroad when you were a child.
[A] never went [B] never gone [C] never go 23. Have your children_____________pizza or spaghetti? [A] ever has [B] ever had [C] never have 24. A: How long have you_____________there? B: For ten years. [A] ever life [B] ever lived [C] live 25. She is probably the most fascinating woman I have_____________. [A] ever meet [B] ever met [C] never see 26. A: Has Ann ever been in China? B: No, she hasn’t. she_____________in China. [A] never been [B] no never been [C] ever been 27. That’s the smallest car I have_____________. [A] ever droven [B] ever driven [C] ever drove 28. I think, I have_____________really_____________you. [A] never/known [B] ever/knew [C] never/know 29. I have_____________to France. [A] ever were [B] never been [C] not never been 30. Have you_____________lobster? [A] never eat [B] ever eaten [C] ever ate Yet, already, since, for with present perfect tense. Choose the right word. 31. Do not say anything to Mary. I have not told anyone________. [A] since [B] already [C] yet 32. I have not cooked supper______because I thought you were going to be late. [A] already [B] yet [C] for 33. I have lived in the same house________I was born. [A] for [B] since [C] yet 34. Put your money away. I have_______paid the bill. [A] not yet [B] yet [C] already 35. Stephen has worked here_______last May. [A] for [B] from [C] since 36. Haven't you done your Christmas shopping______? [A] to [B] yet [C] already 37. Jack and Pauline have been married_______three years. [A] for [B] to [C] since 38. We have not seen each other_______Saturday. [A] for [B] already [C] since 39. I have_______seen this movie twice. [A] already [B] yet [C] since 40. Wait a moment please! I have not finished the last exercise______. [A] yet [B] already [C] since
ANSWER KEYS Kahoot Exercise Online Present perfect tense (Post-test) 1. [A] have had 21. [A] never known 2. [A] has taught 22. [B] never gone 3. [A] has studied 23. [B] ever had 4. [A] has lived 24. [B] ever lived 5. [B] have already read(V3) 25. [B] ever met 6. [A] have been 26. [A] never been 7. [C] have already finished 27. [B] ever driven 8. [B] have studied 28. [A] never known 9. [C] have known 29. [B] never been 10. [B] have been 30. [B] ever eaten 11. [A] since 31. [C] yet 12. [A] since 32. [B] yet 13. [B] for 33. [B] since 14. [A] since 34. [C] already 15. [A] since 35. [C] since 16. [B] for 36. [B] yet 17. [B] for 37. [A] for 18. [B] for 38. [C] since 19. [A] since 39. [A] already 20. [B] for 40. [A] yet
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIAS
Model sentences 1. You (have/ watch). You’ve watched. 2. Pailin (have/ eat). Pailin’s eaten. 3. I (have) already (finish) my work. I’ve already finished my work.
4. I (have/ know) Ben for five years. I’ve known Ben for five years. 5. We (have/ be) in class since ten o'clock this morning. We've been in class since ten o'clock this morning.
Subject + Have/ Has + V3(past participle).
Present perfect tense with SINCE AND FOR I have been here since 6:00 A.M.
Present perfect tense with SINCE (a) I have worked here since noon. since Wednesday. since April. since 2006. since May 9, 2007. since yesterday. since last week. Since Specific point in time
Present perfect tense with SINCE (b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007. CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007. present perfect + since (c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007. present progressive NOT used
Present perfect tense with SINCE (b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007. CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007. present perfect + since (d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007. simple present NOT used
Present perfect tense with SINCE (b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007. CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007. present perfect + since (e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007. INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007. simple past NOT used
Present perfect tense with SINCE MAIN CLAUSE SINCE-CLAUSE (present perfect) (simple past) (f) I have known her since I was fifteen. (g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer. Since time clause
Present perfect tense with FOR (h) I have worked here for fifty minutes. for five hours. for ten days. for about six weeks. for almost two months. for many years. for a long time. For length of time
Present perfect tense with FOR (i) I have worked here for twelve years. I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it. present perfect + for + length of time past present (j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now. simple past past present
Present perfect tense with SINCE Since Specific point in time Present perfect tense with FOR For length of time
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