Green Science 9 Final PDF (2076)

Key Concepts 1. The days and nights occurs due to the rotation of the earth, whereas change in seasons occurs due to the revolution of the earth. 2. One light year is defined as the distance travelled by light in one year in vacuum. 3. The average distance between the sun and the earth is called astronomical unit. Its value is 1.5 × 1011m, i.e 1 Astronomical unit = 1.5 × 1011m. 4. Parsec is the unit of measuring the distance between celestial bodies. It is greater than light year. 1 parsec = 3.26 light years. 5. The family of the sun which consists of eight planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, etc is called solar system. 6. The earth revolves around the sun in its own elliptical orbit. It takes 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds to complete one revolution around the sun. This revolution of the earth is called annual or orbital motion. 7. The phases of the moon refers to the different sizes of the lighted part of the moon. 8. The time period between a no moon or new moon and full moon is called bright half. It is the period of 15 days. The bright part of the moon increases gradually in bright half. Similarly, the time period between a full moon and new moon is called dark half. It is also a period of 15 days. The moon wanes during this period. 9. The moon is the natural satellite of the earth. It revolves around the earth in its elliptical orbit. 10. The moon completes its one revolution around the earth in 27 1 days. This time 3 period is called sidereal month. Similarly, the time period between two full moons 1 or two new moons is 29 2 days. This period is called synodic month. 11. The completely dark inner portion of the shadow that does not receive light at all is called umbra. Similarly, the outer lighter portion of shadow that receives some light from the source is called penumbra. 12. An eclipse is the phenomenon of casting shadow on the earth or on the moon in course of the revolution of the earth and the moon in their orbits. 13. When the sun, the earth and the moon come to lie, in a straight line with the earth is in between, the earth casts shadow on the moon causing the lunar eclipse. 14. At every full moon day there is no lunar eclipse since the moon does not lie at Rahu and Ketu and the sun, the earth and the moon do not come to lie in a straight line at every full moon day. GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9 401

15. Solar eclipse is the condition of casting shadow on the earth by the moon. When the sun, the earth and the moon come to lie in a straight line in the course of revolution with the moon in the middle, the moon casts its shadow on the earth. This condition is called solar eclipse. 16. In total solar eclipse, the sun appears as a black circular disk with ring of light. Sequential General Exercise 1 1. Choose the best answer the given alternatives. a. How many planets and satellites in the solar system? 8 planets and 183 satellites 9 planets and 173 satellites 8 planets and 173 satellites 9 planets and 178 satellites b. What is the distance between the sun and the earth? 1.5 × 7km 1.5 × 106 km 1.5 × 108km 1.5 × 109km c. What is the speed of the light in vacuum? 3 × 107m/s 3 × 106m/s 3 × 108m/s 3 × 1010/ms d. What is the time period between a new moon and a full moon called? Dark half Bright half Sidereal month Synodic month e. What is the condition of solar eclipse? The earth lies between the sun and the moon The moon lies between the sun and the earth. The sun casts shadow on the earth. The earth casts its shadow on the moon. 402 GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9

2. Answer the following questions. a. What is universe? What does it consist of ? b. Describe the units related to astronomical distance briefly. c. Define solar system. Explain the positions of the sun, the earth and the moon in the solar system. d. Explain the motions of the earth briefly. e. What does the phases of moon mean? How is different phases of moon possible? f. Define umbra and penumbra with a well labeled diagram. g. What is an eclipse? Mention the causes of eclipse. h. Define lunar eclipse and solar eclipse with their conditions. 3. Differentiate between a. Bright half and dark half b. New moon and full moon c. Diurnal motion and annual motion d. Total eclipse and partial eclipse e. Total solar eclipse and annular solar eclipse f. Synodic month and sidereal month 4. Give reason: a. The earth sometimes comes near the sun and sometimes goes far from it. b. Synodic month is longer than sidereal month. c. Lunar eclipse does not occur on every full moon night. d. Solar eclipse does not occur on every new moon day. e. It is harmful to view solar eclipse with naked eyes. Project work Draw neat and labeled diagrams of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse in a chart paper and present it in your classroom by describing the phenomena of occurring eclipse. GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9 403

Grid-based Exercise 2 Group ‘A’ (Knowledge Type Questions) (1 Mark Each) 1. What is the universe? Write. 2. What is the distance between the earth and the sun? 3. What is milky way galaxy? 4. Define solar system. 5. Define one solar day. 6. Write any two characteristics of planets. 7. What do you mean by rotation and revolution of the earth? 8. What do you mean by umbra and penumbra? 9. Define synodic month. 10. What is lunar eclipse? 11. What is sidereal month? 12. In which days of the year are the days and nights equal in all the parts of the earth? Write. 13. Write down the location of the Milky Way and the sun in our galaxy For Group ’B’ (Understanding Type Questions) (2 Marks Each) 14. Living beings can survive on the earth but cannot survive on the mercury. Give reason. 15. In which condition does lunar eclipse occur? The moon takes some time to become bright after the eclipse, why? 16. Solar eclipse and lunar eclipse cannot be observed at the same time from all the parts of the earth. Why? 17. Why is the duration of lunar eclipse more than that of the solar eclipse? Give reason. 18. Why is the distance between the earth and the moon not the same throughout the year? Give reason. 19. Write any two reasons for the existence of living beings on the earth. 20. What type of eclipse would be seen when observed from the moon during lunar eclipse? Give reason. 21. Draw a neat and labelled figure sowing solar eclipse. 22. Why is solar eclipse important for scientists? Moon appears dim just before the eclipse. What is the reason behind it? 23. What is the reason for changing seasons on the earth? 404 GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9

24. Write any two differences between bright half and dark half 25. Write any two differences between lunar eclipse and solar eclipse. For Group ‘D’ (Higher Abilities Type Questions) (4 Marks Each) 26. Draw a neat and labelled figure showing lunar eclipse and explain how does it occur. 27. Write any two differences between sidereal month and synodic month. What effect would occur in the solar and lunar eclipse if the axis of the earth and that of the moon lie in the same plane? Write. 28. Name the type of the eclipse shown in the figure. Also describe the occurrence of such a type of eclipse in brief. 29. Define solar eclipse and how does it occur? Describe with a labelled figure. 30. Explain the phases of the moon with a neat and labelled figure. GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9 405

Secondary Examination/Specification Grid (Theory) Compulsory Science Grade: 9 F.M.: 75 Time: 2 hour 15 minutes Subject Unit K U A HA Total Remarks Area weighting Measurement Force Machine Physics Energy, Work and Power 5×1 4×2 2×3 1×4 23 Light Sound Current Electricity and Magnetism Classification of Elements Chemical Reaction Solubility Some Gases 4×1 4×2 2×3 1×4 22 Chemistry Metals Carbon and its Compounds Water Chemical Fertilizers Used in Agriculture Classification of Plants and Animals Adaptation of Organisms Biology System 5×1 4×2 2×3 1×4 23 Sense Organs Evolution Nature and Environment Geology Natural Hazard 1×1 1×2 – 1×4 7 and Greenhouse Astronomy The Earth in the Universe 15 13 6 4 38 15 26 18 16 75 Total number of questions Total weighting 406 GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9

Model Question Compulsory Science Grade: 9 F.M.: 75 Time: 2 hour 15 minutes Group A 15×1=15 1. How is 'one second' time defined in SI system? 2. What do you mean by inertia of rest? 3. State the law of moment. 4. What is chemical energy? 5. What is an electric load? 6. What is chemical reaction? 7. What is oxyhydrogen flame? 8. Define allotropes and allotropism. 9. What are phosphorus fertilizers? 10. What are autotrophic and heterotrophic plants? 11. What are bacteria? Name the scientist who discovered bacteria. 12. Write down the major function of synovial fluid. 13. What is cochlea? Write down its function. 14. What type of organisms are called heterotrophs? 15. What is sidereal month? Group B 13×2=26 16. It is impossible to get a perfect machine in practice. Give reason. 17. The apparent depth of water in a pond appears less than the real depth. Give reason with figure. 18. Sound absorbing materials are kept in the walls of cinema hall. Why? 19. Germanium and silicon are called semiconductors. Why? 20. Why is Mg++ called a basic radical? Given reason. 21. Nickel powder is used while preparing hydrogen gas in industries. Give reason. 22. Diamond cannot conduct electricity but graphite can. Why? 23. Write any two differences between hard water and soft water. 24. Sea horse is kept in class pisces. Why? 25. Body structure and colour of animals help them in adaptation. Justify this statement with an example. 26. Canine teeth of human beings are called vestigial organs and Archaeopteryx is called a bridge animal, why? 27. Leech and mosquito are called parasites. Give reason. Group C 6×3=18 28. How is the angle of dip at a certain place measured? Dip needle Describe in brief. Which region in the earth will the dip Horizontal line needle set itself as show in the given figure? Write with reason. Land GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9 407

29. What happens to the kinetic energy when the velocity of a moving body is doubled? Explain. 30. What are sub-atomic particles? Study the given table and answer the following questions: Elements Electronic configuration A 2, 6 B 2, 8, 6 C 2, 8, 18, 6 a. What is the valency of element 'C' and why? b. Name the compound formed by the combination of A and B and write down the type of the bond formed between them. 31. Write down two uses of each of the given gases. a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen 32. Write any three criticism's of Darwin's theory. 33. What is the relationship between plants and animals in an ecosystem? Explain. Group D 4×4=16 34. Answer the following questions on the basis of given ray diagram. 1+1+1+1 a. Name the rays A and B. b. Which ray has more speed (A or B) in the glass medium? c. Which phenomenon is shown in the given diagram. Light d. Ray B is bending more than the ray A. What is the Prism A reason behind it? B 35. Describe in brief the role of sodium and potassium ions in the bodies of living beings. Complete the given ionic equations. NaCl .......... + Cl– CuSO4 Cu++ + .......... 36. What are shown in the given figure? What is their importance to support the theory of organic evolution? Explain. 37. How does climate change occur due to increase in release of greenhouse gases? Write in brief. 408 GREEN Science (Geology and Astronomy) Book-9