برج بابل (2)

✓ Student achievement Rama AL-zoubi ✓ Under the supervision of Dr Zaher AL-shenti ✓ ID Number 20203022 Picture no.1- Babel Tower from Athanasius Kircher 1

• Babylon: It is an Iraqi city that was the capital of the Babylonians during the rule of Hammurabi, when they ruled the provinces of Mesopotamia. • It dates back to more than four thousand years • It was the cradle of civilizations, as it left its mark to this day with its engineering, glory and even its laws, and its stories still boggle minds to this day. • The name Babylon comes from the Acadian language, which means \"the gate of God\" • And it has several names in more than one old language. • In Greek: Βαβυλών • In Latin: Babylon • In Aramic: ‫ܵܒ ܹܒܠ أو ܳܒ ݂ܶܒܠ‬ • In Hebrew: ‫ָּב ֶבל‬ Babylon was considered one of the mythical cities that brought together all the races of the earth, including humans and Demons. 2

It was a city of magic and myths, as it was distinguished by many buildings that have puzzled many archaeologists and engineers until now, such as the Lion of Babylon and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Picture No.2: Babylon in ancient times. Picture No 3: A pictorial drawing of Babylon. 3

But one of the most legendary buildings that caused a lot of controversy and inquiries about it is the \"Tower of Babel\" or what is called in some books the Tower of God. One of his names is the house of foundations of heaven and earth. What is the tower of Babel? Where is it located? Is it real or is it just a myth set for other purposes? Is it related to one of the religions? What is the link between it and the Jewish religion? Who is the traveler who saw it? What is its description? The Babel Tower is a building believed to have been built in the city of Babylon in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). The description of the tower was circulated by merchants and travelers who moved between continents at that time, as it was said that it was a group of ziggurats that were built at a high height to touch the sky, and they claimed that Its summit will lead them to Heaven, as the sign caused a fierce debate between the heavenly religions that I mentioned in its holy books. The city of Babylon was mentioned in the divine books in several places, including the Torah and the Holy Qur’an, and the focus was on 4

mentioning the Tower of Babel in several places of Genesis. As it was mentioned in the Torah that the tower was attributed to the sons of the prophet Noah, so after the end of the flood they left the ship and settled in the city of Babylon and began building the Tower of Babel in the Shinar Plain with the aim of bringing them together in one place of the earth so that they would not be scattered on the face of the earth. The intention was to make the whole world one kingdom, its capital, this place that they chose in the land of Shinar, and it was called Babylon. At the time of building the tower, the dominant ruler was Al-Nimrod (the grandson of Noah), and he was the one who ordered its construction. ‫❖(وليقيموا لأنفسهم اسما ومجدا دلالة على كبريائهم‬ ]4:11 ‫وتشامخ نفوسهم )[سفر التكوين‬ ‫❖ (وكانت الارض كلها لسانا واحدا لغة واحدة‬ ‫*وحدث في ارتحالهم شرقا انهم وجدوا بقعة في‬ ‫ارض شنعار وسكنوا هناك*وقال بعضهم لبعض‬ ‫(هلم نصنع لبنا ونشويه شيا) فكان لهم اللبن مكان‬ ‫الحجر وكان لهم الحمر مكان الطين)[سفر التكوين في‬ ]11 ‫الاصحاح‬ 5

To complete their words, the Lord refused to build the tower because he rescued Noah so that his people would disperse and populate the land, and not to gather together. ‫(هو ذا شعب واحد ولسان واحد لجميعهم وهذا‬: ‫قال الرب‬ ‫ابتداؤهم بالعمل والآن لا يمتنع عليهم كل ما ينوون ان يفعلوه‬ ‫* هلم ننزل ونبلبل هناك لسانهم حتى لا يسمع بعضهم لسان‬ ] 11 ‫بعض) [سفر التكوين الاصحاح‬ Picture No 4: People of Babylon during religious rituals But it became clear that what was mentioned in the Torah of confusing people’s age was a 6

Jewish fabrication to harm the reputation of Babylon. The Tower of Babel was mentioned in some clay tablets, as there was a difference between archaeologists about the time of the appearance of the tower, so there was no evidence in the cuneiform writings that the tower existed during the time of King Hammurabi (1792 BC - 1750 BC) All the temples in Babylon were mentioned in his law without mentioning the tower However, there are cuneiform texts of the kings of the modern Babylonian period that clearly mentioned the tower and that it has a history much older than theirs. There are two cuneiform texts mentioning the reconstruction of the first tower of the Babylonian king Nabopolassar (625 BC - 605 BC) in which he mentioned: ‫\"امرني الرب مردوخ بشأن برج بابل المدرج الذي كان قبل‬ ‫زماني قد أصابه البلى والخراب أن أوطد اسمه في حضن‬ \"‫العالم السفلي واجعل قمته في السماء‬ The king fixed the dimensions of the tower and his actual participation in the construction. 7

He carried over his head the stone and dirt while he was in his royal dress and placed gold, silver and precious stones on the foundation of the tower. The second cuneiform text came to the Babylonian king NuchadNasr II (604 BC - 562 BC), the son of King Nabopolassar, who completed the construction of the tower by providing huge numbers of workers from his subjects and foreign workers and providing a huge amount of building materials. : ‫\" كل الشعوب من امم عديدة احبرتها على العمل في تشييد‬ ‫البرج (أي – تمن – آن – كي ) وأقمت المسكن العالي لربي‬ \"‫مردوخ على قمته‬ However, neither of them mentioned the dimensions of the tower in the cuneiform texts. After periods of archaeological excavations, the prospectors found a tablet from the Seleucid era (the third century BC) at the time of King Seleucus II (discovered in 1913 AD) in which the Babylonian writer (Atu - Bell - Shono) year (229 BC) described the Tower of Babel explaining it. After periods of archaeological excavations, the prospectors found a tablet from the Seleucid era (the third century BC) at the time 8

of King Seleucus II (discovered in 1913 AD) in which the Babylonian writer (Atu - Bell - Shono) year (229 BC) described the Tower of Babel explaining it. Description of the tower: ✓The Tower of Babel consists of six floors, as mentioned in the stone slab, built over a mastaba or a square base with a side length of 91.55 m (295 feet). This terrace has four doors on the sides, and it is said that there are six doors. These doors lead to different temples, such as the Gate of the Sun. , The Great Gate, the Great Gate, the Statues Gate, the Battle Gate, and the Gate View of the Tower, and this terrace is surmounted by a huge building. ✓The first layer of the tower is the largest of the layers, and then it is topped by the second layer, which is sloping and tilted in its construction, then comes the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth layers, all of them equal in height, but they differ in size, until they form a spiral and amphitheater tower, and on the top of the tower is the supreme temple of the 9

god Murdoch, and there are no statues of him. ✓The measurements of the Tower of Babel, adopted by the scholar Taha Baqer, and which were mentioned in the Seleucid Tablet: Length (feet) Width (feet) Height (feet) The first layer 295 295 108 The second layer 256 256 59 Third class 197 197 19.75 Fourth class 167.5 167.5 19.75 Fifth layer 138 138 19.75 Sixth layer 108.5 108.5 19.75 7th class 79 79 49 10

Picture No 5: Layers of the Tower of Babel. Drawing by Lucas van Falkenbruch 1594, Louvre ✓One of the travelers described the Tower of Babel in his book, saying: In the History of Herodotus (8) (Book One), paragraph 181, when he visited the city of Babylon in (460 BC), the following came: \"In the sacred neighborhood of God Baal (9), which is a square courtyard, each side is 800 meters long (2880 feet), with solid bronze doors, and in the center of that courtyard is a solid building tower, above which a second tower was erected, and on this a third tower and so on to the tower The eighth is higher .And the climb to the top was from the outside by means of a ladder that revolved around all the towers .When a person reaches the halfway point on his 11

ascent, he finds a place to sit for the purpose of rest .On the upper level, there is a spacious temple, inside which was placed a great bed, exquisitely decorated and luxuriously decorated, and next to it was a gold table .There is no statue in this temple, just as no one occupies the room during the night except a woman who the priests of this temple say about her: God has chosen her for himself among the women of the country, and that God sometimes comes to the temple and sleeps on the bed.\" Picture No 6 . ✓In the center of the niche for the larger structure, a huge tower, long and wide, with a base of 92 meters, was built. Another tower rises above this tower, and another tower rises on the latter again until the number reaches eight towers. The stairway that reaches it from the outside has been built in a spiral shape surrounding all the towers In its center, we find a station and 12

benches for rest for those who rise to rest in order to rest. ✓Among the most important information related to the design of the Tower of Babel mentioned in the Torah are: 1.The Tower of Babel was in the form of a pyramid that was listed 2.The base of the tower was square. 3.The top of the tower was a temple. The belief was that the tower was rotating , meaning that spiral, but the Russian satellites, after accidentally photographing the supposed location, found it square Babel Tower by the Jews: According to the beliefs of the Jews, the Tower of Babel is a structure that was built in the land of Babylon (Shinar region), in Mesopotamia, and the story of its construction was mentioned in the Book of Genesis in the Torah, where it was mentioned that the Babylonians wanted to have a known reputation By building a 13

strong city and a tower, they claimed that its summit would connect them to paradise, but according to their beliefs, God did not allow the construction of the tower to be completed and estimated that those working on building it would be a group of people who spoke different languages, and therefore their lack of understanding of each other led to the fall of the tower and its deterioration, and thus did not Construction is taking place, and the people of Medina are dispersed in different parts of the earth, It is worth noting that Muslims do not believe in the story of the Tower of Babel. \"And she remained a kingdom Al-Nimrod invades the surrounding kingdoms until Nimrod becomes the king of the Seven Provinces He was not satisfied with that .. but he looked for more Sultan .. He wanted to conquer the sky .. So he gathered Six hundred thousand men from all the seven kingdoms, and he ordered them to build a tall tower that did not climb 14

A person reaches its summit only after a full year’s march ... a tower that rises above the clouds ... and indeed Workers, engineers, and even the jinn began building that mighty tower ... and a few years later Years ago, the first of the Seven Wonders of the World was built ... the Tower of Babel ... that tower Nimrod's palace and his throne were on the ground.\" Antichristus Book Page No. 31 Picture No 7: Imagination of the Tower of Babel, by Peter Brueghel (1563) 15

Picture No 8: Description of the tower in a German painting from the late Middle Ages (circa the 1370s). 16

References: • Antichristus Book Page No. 31. • Taha Baqer - Introduction to the History of Ancient Civilizations - pg. 628. • Taha Baqer - Introduction to the History of Ancient Civilizations, p.631. • Herodotus: a Greek historian who lived in the fifth century BC (about 484 BC - 425 BC). • Old Testament (Torah). • Wikipedia • In the History of Herodotus (8) (Book One), paragraph 181. 17