MOSAICQUE 2020 Special Edition

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Index 1. Editorial by Dr. Swati Save, India/USA INTERDEPENDENCE REDEFINED: A year changes you a lot – the way forward for 2021 2. Dr. Anne-Maire Clement, Director, Hippocrates Health Institute, USA Special Op-Ed: Food is Medicine 3. Judit Gero Benet, Spain The Blue Box – An innovation to treat breast cancer, which has won Sir James Dyson Award 4. Dr. Sam Willis, Historian & Author, United Kingdom On the future of The Silk Road... An interview on how the COVID19 pandemic might alter trade equations 5. Lord Jitesh Gadhia, United Kingdom The World needs India, & India needs the World 6. Land Life Company, Netherlands Planting trees, growing forests and “capturing CARBON” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Our Editorial Team Dr. Swati Save, Editor-in-Chief Dr. Tejal Desai, Science Advisor Dr. Javier Garcia Martinez, Innovation Advisor Dr. Oswaldo Lucon, Climate Change & Environment Advisor Rudy & Joan Baker, Marketing & Communications Advisor Issac Kwaku Essien, Youth Advisor

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 INTERDEPENDENCE REDEFINED: A year changes you a lot – the way forward for 2021 The year 2020 will be remembered as the most dramatic & challenging year of the 21st century, which has forced us to understand the importance of being prepared for the invisible threats and unseen disasters. This year has also questioned our dependence upon economies for our self sufficiency, shattering the belief of how security and good governance ought to be defined to run an economy. Inspite of these challenges, each and every nation has emerged more powerful and self sufficient than before. Data and information have evolved, the two most important & precious investments, in these unprecedented times. Protecting borders has emerged to be the top priority for policy makers. COVID19 pandemic has diplomatically contributed to our understanding that respecting dependence and ecosystems has always been and will remain the top priorities for economies. The Pfizer & Moderna vaccine has led this belief – it has restored our faith in humanity, interdepence, and trust. Climate Change preparedness and Healthcare research & infrastructure have emerged the top most policy priorities for governments to invest for strengthening national security – which have been ignored for a long time. Trade has emerged as another redefiner – breaking charts and sensex indexes are no longer taken for granted or manipulated, redefining leadership in the markets. This year has changed all of us a lot, inquiring into our existing beliefs and choices. For the first time in Punjab, after three decades people have been able to see Himalayan range from 100 miles distance due to reduction in pollution levels. The European Space Agency’s Sentinel-5P satellite showed that there has been 40% drop in nitrogen oxide (NO2) in urban cities & industrial belts in Asia & Europe, which equates to removing a whopping 192,000 cars from the road. It’s this NO₂ that is responsible for heart, lung and respiratory illnesses such as asthma. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) about 3 million people die each year due to air pollution related diseases. According to United Nations Climate Change experts, in order to achieve 10% reduction of NO2 from electricity generation units around the world, it would be equivalent turning off 500 coal power stations for a year.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 This is an indication of what needs to be done to achieve better air quality permanently, if car use has to be phased down and replaced with electrically powered mass transit or hybrid vehicles. The fine particles of pollutants penetrate deep into our body, that contribute to hypertension, heart disease, breathing trouble, and diabetes, all of which have contributed to increased fatal complications in corona virus patients. Ironically, by shutting down the global economy, COVID-19 has helped expose several health crises, indicating the scale of challenge to address climate change, and insufficient creaking infrastructure capacity within each economy to address different crises. At the very least, after COVID19 pandemic herd immunity is achieved, governments and businesses ought to give serious considerations how things can be done differently, to invest in improving life expectancy and ease of doing business – to reduce the undue stress on everyday life, giving a sensitive, humane face to trade and development, keeping balance of ecosystem at the center. During the pandemic, the medical waste increased by 300%, that which we were not ready to handle, particularly large quantities of hazardous garbage, forcing us to understand the importance of putting in place a robust solid waste management policy. Giving priority to waste management chains ensures safe & healthy sustainable cities – assisting in eliminating the virus & breaking the transmission chain. For e.g. according to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India has generated over 30,000 tonnes of COVID-19 related bio-medical waste , which includes personal protective equipment (PPE), gloves, face masks, head cover, plastic coverall, hazmat suit, syringes among other gears and medical equipment used by both healthcare providers and patients. After the pandemic—what? “It is already clear, as the lockdowns in cities and industrial areas is lifted to normal life, the pandemic-driven clearing of the air will be short-lived, with emissions sure to return to, if not surpass, their usual levels whenever factories start up again and people get back in their cars, to avoid public transportation”. Is this a concerning trend? In the race to seek to make up for lost time, would we be contributing more damage to the environment, due to higher productions? Will governments give preference to health-protective regulations and put in place necessary shields to avoid the return of COVID19 or SARS or H1N1 or Ebola or any other virus scare? Are we clear that deteriorating environmental conditions have led to different pandemics every other alternate year.?

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 In the year 2020, nature was on the mend, pollution receded dramatically, plastics recycling took front seat, management of garbage improved, and population took a realistic u-turn. As we enter the New Year 2021, the question lingers how we are going to shape 2021 and who is going to take lead to shape it? Is it the time to consider whether the status quo that we had in place prior to this disaster is the one we want going forward in 2021, or are we going to make drastic changes to honour the lives that were lost in the pandemic? Lest we forget... Dr. Swati Save Editor in Chief

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Special Op-ED Food IS Medicine Prologue for the Nature Cures – Trusting the Biomolecules book Dr. Anne-Marie Clement Hippocrates Health Institute, Florida, USA From the beginning of time, we homo sapiens utilized food and plants medicinally. It was not until 1905 that William Fletcher; a British physician isolated and identified the first nutrient, Thiamine (B-1). In 1928, the science of nutrition was born at Cornell University in the United States. Now, for a century, scientists internationally have explored, discovered, and validated the power locked into the cells of botanicals. Arguably the smartest man alive, in the twentieth century, Linus Pauling, Double Noble Laureate, stated that every disease and all aging is in some way linked to nutritional deficiencies. He created the field of what is now known as “orthomolecular medicine”. Most relevant to this conversation is the 65 year old institute that I have directed for the last 40 years. We practice and utilize what is today called lifestyle medicine. Where nutrition is at the core of helping people prevent and reverse disease and prolong life. Clinically, we have worked with hundreds of thousands, observing the profound and successful impact that plant based nutrition and targeted food based supplements have on their recoveries. Thousands of people who have learned and applied this dietary lifestyle have been medically diagnosed free of everything from Type-2 diabetes to advance cancers. What is surprising is how little time and effort has been placed on the application of nutritional science in main stream healthcare. Physicians, at best receive a handful of hours of cursory information on the subject. This lost opportunity has seeded a healthy skepticism in the main stream public’s eyes about allopathic medicine. Doctors would be more than happy to have a solid and viable education weaved into the pharmaceutically driven curriculum that they undertake. With such emphasis placed on writing prescriptions and magic bullets, there is no time for them to benefit from this basic and simple knowledge. Ironically, every medical physician takes “the Hippocratic Oath”, where quite possibly his foremost statement was “Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food”. Today the schools that foster the knowledge for these young, enthusiastic professionals have hijacked

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 the foundation of healthcare and would like the graduates to take an oath that sounds more like this “Let drugs be the answer in every case every time, with no exception”. Rational people, which there seem to be more of these days, realize that the choices you make, will determine your health outcomes. There are certain disorders, such as Type 2 Diabetes, that are 100% diet and exercise related. Cardiovascular disease comes in a close second. Even America’s CDC states that 80% of all chronic disease is lifestyle related. This is all easy to correct, but will require a commitment from the powers that be (pharmaceutical Industry) to relinquish their bloodletting profits. Your future and that of humanity’s should be based upon wholesome and healthy living, and healthcare should be relegated to an important place when all that you do is not quite enough. Unnecessary trillions of Euros/Dollars and endless pain and suffering is endured because of our personal incompetence and that of the professions that use no sense in their approach to wellbeing. All doctors know that the body inherently has the strength to heal itself. At best we can guide individuals to support their immunity and physiology, even if it requires temporary medicine. Ultimately it is not the medicine that heals; it is the body that finds homeostasis. All of us have had cuts or wounds, in some cases there has been profuse bleeding, and as you see, your cells bond together to stop the injury. Similarly, when a person is in the quest of reversing a cancerous tumor, they support their immune system, so its numbers and strength increase ultimately aggressively eating up the mutagenic growth. After the disease is placed in remission, balance reoccurs and healthy cells replace those that were killers. Excitingly, when studying the human anatomy, biology, and biochemistry, it is an enriching and awe filled endeavor. Your hundred trillion cells create every part of your being. Symbiotically working together in total harmony, allowing all systems to function and flourish as they should. What is even more remarkable is how this body is not static, and constantly is renewed when cells die and new stem cells replace them creating bone, organs, and all. As an example, if we test the structure of your heart and then 30 days revisit it, 100% of the cells have changed so you actually have an anatomically brand new heart. This profoundly magical process requires nutrition, hydration, and electrical charge, which is often sparked from mineralized electrolytes. There is little difference between building a dwelling and that of an organ. Imagine if I decided to put weak bricks into a structure and not cement them. Before long, the wall would collapse. Do you not think the same would

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 occur with a cell when it is not supported with the proper material? We have to rethink future medicine and humbly sit at a round table authentically expressing our real contribution. If we just allow the driving factor to be what is commonly called the “Band- Aid” approach, we can expect to suffer the continuation of perpetual failure. When more than half of our youth has a chronic disorder, whereas a quarter of a century ago it was 12%, the time has come for change. Two thirds of the people enduring what was once called adult onset diabetes, are young people. It used to take 50 years or more of poor diet and living to acquire this problem, today it is happening to 10 year olds. Deaths from heart attacks and strokes were once expected in maturity, today it is common for youngsters to suffer such fate. Cancer will touch nearly 60% of us at some point in our life. Whereas this was at best a minor concern in 1900. Autism is predicted to infect 50% of the newborns by the early 2030’s, we can go on and on, yet the message is clear. We are out of control, our habits are killing us and mainstream medicine is not addressing the cause. Hippocrates Health Institute has had the opportunity to work with open minded participants over the decades, observing the dynamic and dramatic improvements in their blood profiles and outcomes. Limitless numbers of physicians who have been attending these patients have called us, inquiring; most often asking, “What medicine was utilized to get this result?” Surprisingly to them, the answer is a change in habits. I dream of a day where routine modifications and healthy lifestyles are foremost in the curriculum of every clinician. Food is medicine, is fundamental in healing. Acknowledging and practicing this as a healthcare professional should not be optional. All indigenous and traditional societies had their medicine men, who guided people in such matters. Science has become categorical and specialized. There are different schools of thought that display unique levels of rigidity. Inflexibility arises from these dogmatic, concrete approaches, limiting the ability the caretaker has in comprehensively helping the patient. Rarely, but on occasion, team approaches from a variety of disciplines are employed to give unlimited assistance in bringing about healing. Hippocrates Institute employs a full spectrum of professionals that utilize their expertise in the process of creating affirmative outcomes. In one day, our participants may be guided and counselled by nutritionists, psychotherapists, acupuncturists, exercise physiologists, both

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 medical and naturopathic doctors and nurses, etc. Food and food based supplements are central in all of these healthcare providers minds. It is like taking the person (rough splintery wood) and refining with guidance (sandpaper) the direction, shape, and ultimate result in the totality approach. Future care ethically should be universal and without limits. In the best case scenarios, it is impossible to keep up with cutting edge science and proven research findings. For this reason, to advantage patients, it should be mandated that every aspect of what makes a human life healthy and successful should be considered when a protocol is offered. Needless to say, what you choose to chew and swallow, or drink is the ultimate fuel that will either help or hinder your wellbeing. There is no doubt that physicians taken serious will have to have a full repertoire and use the team approach in caring for their clients. Hospitals in the future should have two departments, an educational department, that insurance will cover, that will teach people how to live healthfully so they will not require crisis care and long term pharmaceutical consumption. The second department should be the critical care area where accidents, necessary surgeries, and medicines when needed are employed. Food is medicine and we all better know it. Intellectually it makes total sense, but until we employ it in our own lives, we will not reach the consensus that those of us have that use plant based fare. All proteins, vitamins, minerals, essential fats, and in addition needed hormones, oxygen, phytochemicals and enzymes come from unprocessed, unheated plant food. Every other species and creature on earth in their natural habitat only consumes raw food. One of the missteps that homo sapiens have made over millennia is heating, adding chemicals to, and processing the vary sustenance that we chew and swallow. Modern advanced nutritional science leads us to know that it is on fire vegan choices that fuel the cells that make up our very bodies. We have a long way to go, but the path is well lit and clear and HHI is ready and willing to guide serious professionals via the seven decades we have been in the front line of progressive health. Each and every person has a choice, whether to endure the self-imposed status quo that suggests disease and premature aging is normal or to reject such nonsensical and unsubstantiated ideology and embrace the courageous path to a harmonious and healthy existence.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 On the future of The Silk Road with Dr Sam Willis An interview on how the COVID19 pandemic might alter trade equations... In the BBC The Silk Road series Dr Sam Willis revealed how the Silk Road was the world's first global superhighway where people with new ideas, new cultures and new religions made exchanges that shaped humanity. MOSAICQUE magazine interviewed historian and author Dr Sam Willis on what he thinks about the effect of COVID19 pandemic on the silk route and how it will impact the trade relations between economies. According to Willis, “The Silk Road cuts across borders and breaks down the borders in our minds”. This quote encapsulates the reasons why Willis has explored the silk route. The pandemic of 2020, however, has brought us to a crossroad where all borders have become a threat to economies. So, read what Dr. Willis has to say about the pandemic and its effect on trade.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 The overland Silk Road was a system of ancient trade routes that crossed the Asian continent from China to the Mediterranean Sea, linking together Asia with Europe, Arabia, and Africa. Central Asia, the heart of the largest landmass on earth as acted as the conduit between traditions and cultures, all made possible by the \"Silk Road.\" The Silk Road helped spread world-defining ideas and history-changing objects such as algebra, paper, tea, salt, silk, wool, spices, sugar, porcelain, printing, cotton, silver, horses, gunpowder, and gold. According to Dr. Willis the Silk Road was the world’s global super highway where people with new ideas, new products, new cultures and new traditions made exchanges that shaped humanity The Silk Road was the first form of globalization, because it aided the exchange of cultures, goods, and ideas. This trade route played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, Korea, Japan, India, Iran, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations. The civilizations of Mesopotamia the Indus valley, the Roman Empire, Han Chinese Empire, Eurasia & North Africa were all heavily influenced by this silk route.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 MOSAICQUE Q1. Historically, when has an international trade route been affected by major events such as a pandemic or a natural disaster? Dr. Willis: Throughout time trade routes have had to cope with bouts of sickness, either local or global. Before vitamin C was discovered in the mid 1700s as the cure for scurvy, mariners the world over were limited in how long they could stay at sea as preserved and dried fish meats and dry biscuit kept them alive but at the same time weakened them - sometimes fatally - because of the lack of vitamins in the diet. Perhaps the most potent illness however was the Black Death- the plague - which spread along the Silk Roads in the Middle Ages, making people fearful of contact with others. Fear is one of the most significant interrupting influences in global trade. MOSAICQUE Q2. How do you see Iran, Turkey, Russia, Arabs, China, Japan, & of course India influencing the silk route or any other trade routes? How do you see BREXIT influencing these economies & EU - bilaterally and multilaterally on trade routes? Dr. Willis: Throughout time countries have looked to trade routes like the Silk Roads to create something to their own advantage, and there is no sense of that ever stopping. There will always be two sides to this: those who seek to be obstructive for their own strategic goals, and those who seek to facilitate trade for their own strategic goals. Those strategies will be defined by local politics and will shift with time and so there is no clear pattern - just a hope that everyone can see the benefit of mutual respect and co-operation to facilitate trade. The British and European economies will be strong independently of one another but would be better together. BREXIT is a major setback, but not a permanent one. MOSAICQUE Q3. How do you see China's Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) and Russia's Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) influence each other and the rest of the world? Dr. Willis: So vast is the Chinese expenditure on the belt and road initiative that alarm bells will ring about Chinese intentions. Obviously they are operating with their own interests at heart but at the same time the immense infrastructure that they are creating can be hugely beneficial to all. Both are particularly important for the connections that they are creating with previously remote areas. MOSAICQUE Q 4. How do you foresee the pandemic playing out on the trade routes from Abu Dhabi to Morocco, from Singapore to Argentina, from Mongolia to Vienna, from Minnesota to Dublin? All these economies have a unique history that has shaped their cultures and trade priorities - will these be altered.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Dr. Willis: These trade routes are all strong and well established. Throughout history global trade has proved to be exceptionally resilient and I foresee the same here. It’s very easy to get caught up in contemporary news about the pandemic shitting things down, stopping the flow and exchange of goods, but you need to take a long-term view. Looking back in 20 years I think we will see things being done radically differently because of lessons we have learned this year, but the core of international exchange - the manufacture and exchange of goods - will never die. MOSAICQUE Q5. Do you see the future is Asian or North American or European? And, will this region take the lead to heal the world from the Pandemic? Dr. Willis: I think that the pandemic has shown how the wealthiest nations control the fate of the poor: it’s made very clear in the purchase of the majority of future vaccines by only a handful of nations leaving a tiny fraction for the rest of the world. And I think that pattern will continue. Wealth, not geography, is the way to think about global influence now and in the future. Geographical differences are more about variations in cultures and ideologies - a source of mutual fascination and friendship but also of conflict and fear. Who will really control the future? Those who have money but an understanding of the value of cultural difference and can work internationally. MOSAICQUE Q6. Rising powers shape global norms as well as selectively ignore and undermine them - will this continue according to your opinion, under given circumstances. Dr. Willis: This will undoubtedly continue. Powers rise because they innovate; and the most important way that they innovate is by changing accepted rules and patterns of behaviour. Change can be frightening but in general is good and healthy - it is also something that is essentially human and cannot be stopped. To deny change is to deny something very elemental about who we are. If I am ever given a choice - however large or small - to change or keep things as they are I automatically select change and try and argue myself out of it - rather than selecting stasis and trying to convince myself of the value of change. MOSAICQUE Q7. Any other opinion/ analysis, or advice you might have and wish to present as recommendations to the Governments or international community? Dr. Willis: We need fewer borders not more; we need understanding not suspicion; we need change not stasis. The technology of the modern world allows this to happen at an unprecedented speed and scale which means we can make those changes at an unprecedented speed and scale. Now is the time - more than ever before in human history - to make a difference to the world.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Profile: Dr Sam Willis is an award-winning historian, archaeologist and broadcaster. His work takes him on adventures all over the world. Sam has made ten TV series for the BBC and National Geographic that have been watched by millions of viewers worldwide. He has made TV documentaries on the Silk Road – travelling from Venice to Beijing; the Maritime Silk Road – travelling from Shanghai to Athens via the coasts of Malacca, India, Africa and Arabia; and the new Silk RailRoad – a railway that now connects London with Beijing. He has also re-created the first ever voyage down the Grand Canyon, braving hundreds of miles of enormous rapids in a tiny wooden rowing boat. He has made films and documentaries on castles, weapons, pirates, highwaymen, shipwrecks, submarines, Antarctic exploration, invasions, the Spanish Armada, the First World War, the Second World War – a life of history, travel and adventure that began more than a decade ago with the archaeological excavation in Antigua of a mass grave of dead sailors from the time of Nelson’s Navy. Most recently Sam has made an epic 6-part series for National Geographic called ‘Relics of China’ exploring the most significant archaeological discoveries and what they tell us about the development of life in the east over millennia.Sam is also the author of more than fifteen books and the presenter of the chart-topping podcast and live show ‘Histories of the Unexpected’ a fascinating new way of thinking about the past which explains how everything has a history, even the most UNEXPECTED of subjects. Social media: Website: sam-wilis.com, Twitter: @DrSamWillis, Instagram: @DrSamWillis

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Q: How did you get interested in inventing and why did you gravitate towards the medical field? In April 2013, my biology teacher explained to us how the human body converts a breadcrumb into 265 kcal with hardly any energy loss. In fact, the mitochondria are capable of doing this by working with an efficiency that no human-designed \"machine\" has ever achieved or is likely to achieve. This lesson aroused a certain fascination in me that still amazes me. However, it also led to a slight hint of frustration at the unpredictable nature of biology. In my head, I've always been more of a math fan than a biology enthusiast. The only solution to such unpredictability was mathematics. There had to be a way to explain human biology with mathematics. Biomedical engineering was the solution. I will never pretend to achieve the degree of perfection and design of biology, but biology is what I will observe and study every time I want to design a solution. In 2014 I started biomedical engineering at the University of Barcelona, where I came across Roland Glaser's book Biophysics, in which I read that \"a salmon swims upriver with higher efficiency than any vessel ever built by humans.\" This phrase, as obvious as it may seem, was one of the turning points for my final degree project. I wanted to diagnose breast cancer by imitating how a dog smells cancer, by copying the olfactory cortex of the dog. In short, once again, learning from biology to create better responses. During my studies, I flew to Japan to participate in a research exchange at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. Japan is amazing, Osaka stole my heart, but nothing marked me more than the first Patch-Clamp technique that I was able to perform, for the first time by myself, on a living neuron. There she was, on the other side of the microscope, acting like a copper wire letting electricity pass through her, as described by the electrical circuit we had designed on paper. I've never seen it so clear: Kirchhoff's physical law applies to neurons in the same way that the Principal Components Analysis statistical model applies to our way of thinking. And how beautiful when biology is translated into math! Later in my university life I participated in an Erasmus exchange that took me to Lübeck, to the northernmost part of Germany. This was a new place to find a home. In Lübeck I learned my favorite German word, “Geworgenheit”. It cannot be translated into our language, but it refers to the feeling of being with someone or somewhere that makes you feel at home. There I discovered that I did not need to be home to feel Geworgenheit.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Having finished my studies, in 2018, I decided that studying the possibility of detecting breast cancer from urine was my vocation. The Master's in Embedded Cyber-physical Systems at the University of California Irvine seemed like the perfect place to find the knowledge, contacts, and resources needed to keep improving technology. There I met Billy, who is now my friend and business partner. In the summer of 2020 I finished my master, and professor Fadi Kurdhai, from the Center of Embedded-cyber Physical Systems of the University of California Irvine offered me the opportunity to work at the university as a Junior Specialist. We are currently trying to start new research on the physiological changes in the body of the breast cancer patient and the consequences on the chemical composition of urine. Q: Why did you decide to focus on breast cancer in particular? The American Cancer Society predicts that breast cancer will account for 30% of all cancers diagnosed in the US by 2020. However, the research devoted to it is not proportional to its incidence. In reality, the US National Institute of Health recognized that women are underrepresented in medical research. This trend can be observed in the field of oncology, specifically considering prevention programs based on mammography. In fact, a Center for Disease Control study indicated that only 65% of women attended the program in the past 2 years, which could lead to 1/3 of breast cancers being detected too late and therefore , women have a worse prognosis and chances of survival. The reasons women skip mammography-based screenings are multiple: pain (41% of respondents), difficulty missing work, and poor insurance coverage according to the Journal of Women's Health. Furthermore, according to the Catalan Health Department, only 6.45% of breast cancers diagnosed by mammography are actually cancer. In other words, the sensitivity of mammography is dramatically low. Finally, although its dose is not substantial enough to be considered harmful, exposure to mammography every two years increases the risk of breast cancer. In conclusion, there is a need for non-invasive, inexpensive, sensitive and at-home breast cancer screening. As a conclusion, there does exist a real urgent need for a novel breast cancer screening solution that is non-invasive (pain-free), non-irradiating, low-cost, more sensible and user- friendly.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Q: How, exactly, does it work and how accurate is it at detecting cancer, especially in the early stages? After receiving a Blue Box at home, you only need to download an app on your phone and follow three simple steps: Collect a urine sample in a container, place it in the Blue Box and wait a few minutes. During some minutes, the Blue Box performs a chemical analysis of the sample and will send the results to the cloud, where an algorithm based on AI (artificial intelligence) is executed. This leads to a diagnosis, which is communicated through the app itself. Ultimately, the Blue Box is a change in the way society fights against breast cancer… From your home! Q: How did you come up with the concept for The Blue Box and how long did it take to make it a reality? Already in Roman times, medicine has paid special attention to human physiological metabolites: Uncontrolled diabetes was historically diagnosed by a sweet taste in the urine, liver failure produced a fishy smell. However, human metabolic studies did not enter the field of oncology until April 1989 when Dr. Hywel Williams and Dr. Andres Pembroke of King's College Hospital in London reported a case in The Lancet magazine about a Doberman Collie owner who attended their query. The patient explained that her dog was showing increasing interest in smelling a mole on her leg. The mole was later shown to be cancerous and removed, thus saving the patient's life. This turning point showed that cancer produces metabolic changes in human physiology, thus altering the taste, texture, smell, body shape... Now it is believed that such an event has established the starting point in the race to find new methodologies for the diagnosis of cancer based on chemical components found in the human body. In conclusion, a biomedical device based on the detection of certain chemical components is considered as the definitive solution towards a new low-cost, easy-to-use, non-invasive and durable biomedical device. We have studied the dog's taste buds and the sensory neurons they connect to and realized what makes them fire a signal. We then decided that if the dog was able to feel it, so was our Arduino microprocessor. And so we mimicked the dog’s sensory system into an AI-based software. In October 2017 I began the development of the first prototype of the Blue Box as a final degree project in biomedical engineering at the University of Barcelona. This demonstrated the hypothesis that \"the analysis of metabolites performed in urine is significant enough to classify patients between control subjects and patients with metastatic breast cancer.\" The first prototype of the Blue Box had a total value of about € 35.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 To test the device, 90 human urine samples were collected from control subjects and breast cancer patients at the Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, near Barcelona. The classification of the samples was achieved with a sensitivity of 75%. With the ultimate goal of bringing this solution to all women in the world, I moved to California in September, which seemed like the right place and time to start pursuing this dream. Here at the University of California Irvine, I did my master's in Embedded Cyber- physical Systems, where I met my friend Billy. He soon found out about the project and was motivated to bring his computer science expertise to bear and help build the second functional prototype (our master's thesis). This second prototype incorporated -for the first time- artificial intelligence and achieved a 95% rating. Now we have become friends who not only enjoy working as a team, but are also driven by the same passion: To give all women in the world the possibility of avoiding advanced-stage breast cancer. The first prototype of the Blue Box was tested with urine samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer, that is, with recurrent cancer. If the ethics committee at the University of California approves the protocol, we could begin collecting urine samples from patients before they are even diagnosed. This study would allow us to know the real diagnostic capacity in patients with earlier stage breast tumors. Currently the Blue Box correctly classifies 95% of the samples analyzed. However, these results are not completely representative: These samples were obtained from patients with considerably large tumors. With the collection of large numbers of samples, our goal is to train the current AI algorithm to be able to detect earlier without deteriorating the sensitivity. Q: What are your ultimate goals for the future and is there anything else that you would like to mention? During my studies in biomedical engineering at the University of Barcelona, a professor presented us with the case of Blat, a dog that could detect lung cancer by smelling its owner's breath. This discovery set a new goal in my career: I wanted to use my engineering to reproduce the physiology of the dog on my Arduino microprocessor and a couple of sensors; and translate the olfactory cortex of the brain into a snippet of Python code. Driven by this passion, I asked many physicians about the requirements of a hypothetical future standard for breast cancer screening. Since 2017, these have been remodeled and modified in pursuit of one ultimate goal: To change the way we, as a society, fight breast cancer.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 I believe that great discoveries occur when humans learn about biology and model it through hardware and software. Q: How did you find a manufacturer and how do you plan to raise public awareness about The Blue Box? I do not currently have a partner for larger-scale manufacturing. I am still working on the 3rd prototype of The Blue Box. When this prototype is fully optimized and we have finished the clinical studies, we will go through FDA approval. If all these result in a positive outcome, we would start looking for a logistic partner that could help us manufacture. We still have a couple of years left for this type of study, but in the meantime you can subscribe to our newsletter and don't miss any details of our adventure (theblueboxai.wixsite.com/hello). The advent of AI and its interaction with the field of medicine have revolutionized the diagnostic power of medicine. The limitations of traditional medicine have been transcended and new technologies can now see what the human eye cannot. Our proposal is a disruptive idea, a new concept of medicine that aims to bring high technology closer to everyone. The Blue Box is a box, it is blue and can offer an early diagnosis of breast cancer. And it is through this simplicity that we intend to bring AI to every home… In short, to make AI sexy. The future of AI remains unpredictable, but many researchers agree that the best is yet to come. As some say, \"big data is the new oil.\" Q: Have you invented any other items and do you plan to keep creating, perhaps to help people detect other forms of cancer? From a book by Xesco Espar, a former Barcelona football coach, I learned that \"a challenge cannot get the most out of you if thinking about it doesn't make you tremble a little\". And this is how the world of research and development makes me feel. The Blue Box is my first invention, but I would love to think it will not be the last! Q: How do you hope The Blue Box impacts the world and what are your biggest dreams for the system? The Blue Box has two very specific goals that we intend to address in the long term: 1) Catalyze change towards a world in which women's needs are fully represented in healthcare systems around the world. 2) Improve and create an opportunity for all women to have access to the breast cancer screenings they need.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Thus, the Blue Box is part of a global project, which aims to generate a change in society without distinction of ethnicity, culture, age... This project is based on the belief that breast cancer cannot be fought alone with medicine, but with society as such. More specifically, the Blue Box would be considered a point-of-care device, that is, a low- cost and easy-to-use diagnostic method for the same patient. This type of device is very suitable to meet the needs of a medical center that does not have traditional instrumentation, such as mammography, biopsy, etc. In this case, the medical center could have a smartphone with our app, in which each patient could log in individually. Q: How did you first hear about the James Dyson Award and what was it like to be named the winner? He had known the story of Sir James Dyson for some time. His life seems to me a true example of resilience and improvement. For this reason, when a friend told me about the James Dyson Awards, I did not hesitate to apply. A day passed in the morning: I had a call scheduled with James Dyson (company, or so I thought) to discuss my application to JDA scholarships (or so I thought). When I connected, my interlocutor had the camera turned off, but could read \"James Dyson\". \"It will be the company\" I thought ... but as soon as he turned on the camera it was clear to me: It was Sir James Dyson himself! That day marked a before and after for The Blue Box project. The moment Sir James Dyson chose The Blue Box as the winner of the JDAs, he turned a dream (a little crazy) into a reality (quite feasible). Social media Instagram: @TheBlueBox.ai instagram.com/thebluebox.ai Twitter: @TheBlueBox_ai twitter.com/TheBlueBox_ai LinkedIn: TheBlueBox-ai linkedin.com/company/thebluebox-ai Youtube https://youtu.be/qXSybcZwAOs Webpage The Blue Box: theblueboxai.wixsite.com/hello Logo and photos Logo: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1- 156ALsDpV1gDYtMCSqinL3cQQgwvxlH?usp=sharing Fotos: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1oC47zf5QQ- 16xPq9jI6LMXuAylvkwsMV?usp=sharing

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 THE WORLD NEEDS INDIA, & INDIA NEEDS THE WORLD Lord Jitesh Gadhia In extending my warmest best wishes to India, on its 74th Independence Day there is much to reflect upon. This year’s celebrations take place against the backdrop of a pandemic which has dominated the global agenda. As the entire world adapts to living with COVID, every country is facing the same challenges of managing public health, and the economy, simultaneously. It is apparent that shutting down activity is proving much easier than re- opening. Whilst the mood of the nation might be more sombre and cautious, it also provides a moment to reflect upon the meaning of self-determination in an interdependent world. India has risen to the current challenges through the resilience and sacrifice of its people - the very traits which secured its freedom as an independent nation. That same resolve will be crucial as India emerges into the next phase of recovery and revival. There is a growing global consensus that we should use the COVID crisis as an opportunity to “build back better” and not revert to the status quo ante. India is well positioned to benefit from accelerating trends and the changing world order. Supply chains are already being diversified and India stands to become a major beneficiary, especially if it can speed-up domestic reforms. It is welcome to hear Prime Minister Modi explain his vision for Atma Nirbhar Bharat, or self-reliant India, as expansive and not inwardly focussed. To quote him directly, it is: “not about being self-contained or being closed to the world. It is about being self-sustaining and self-generating”. Indian talent is also shining through. Whether in healthcare or technology, the contribution of Indian-origin doctors, pharmaceutical companies or IT professionals are increasingly visible across the world. The Global Indian Diaspora has also remained connected and concerned throughout the present situation, and organisations like the British Asian Trust, where I am privileged to serve as a Trustee, has raised in excess of £1 million to help the most vulnerable in society through its emergency COVID Appeal. The adversity of the pandemic has also brought UK and India closer together, whether through repatriation flights for our respective citizens or the manufacturing of vaccines. Looking forward, this same spirit of collaboration is important in harnessing the full potential of the special relationship between our two countries. The scope of this

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 partnership now spans everything from the soil to space and will be an important priority for the UK as it leaves the European Union and re-imagines its global engagement. So on 15 August, as the Indian tricolour flies high, we stand in solidarity with the hopes and aspirations of 1.3 billion people - one of the most diverse countries in the world with a multiplicity of regional languages, cultures, religions and traditions - but all united in their pursuit of a healthier, peaceful and prosperous future, and committed to acting as a positive role model amongst the family of nations. Now more than ever, India needs the world and the world needs India. Profile: At 46, Jitesh Gadhia is currently the youngest Briton of Indian origin in the House of Lords, where the average age of 800 peers is about 69. An investment banker of repute, Gadhia has been part of some of the largest investment flows between the UK and India and also helped craft Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speech in November 2015, to a full house at Wembley Stadium. Lord Gadhia joins Royal British Legion to unveil “Khadi” Poppy during India-England Test Match at The Oval in 2018. Lord Jitesh Gadhia says, “The Khadi poppy is a hugely symbolic and highly appropriate gesture to recognise the outsized contribution of Indian soldiers during World War One. It will also send an important signal to young Asians growing up in Britain. Our identity is our destiny and so third and fourth generation Asians should know that their fathers and grandfathers didn’t just come to Britain as immigrants. Our ancestors fought for this country and for freedom and democracy - even though they lived in a colony at the time. The two squad captains, Virat Kohli and Joe Root, were the first to wear a unique poppy made out of Khadi, the hand- woven cotton closely associated with Mahatma Gandhi, which was unveiled on Sunday 9 September 2018 at a special commemorative match day hosted by Surrey Country Cricket Club. This article is reproduced with permission by Lord Gadhia, from an interview given to www.asian-voice.com

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Planting trees, growing forests and “capturing CARBON” Land Life Company believes there is no greater tool than a tree to remove carbon from the atmosphere, revitalize nature and tackle climate change. Our mission is to help restore the world’s two billion hectares of degraded land. This means that everything we do is focused on reforesting land that is in need of intervention. This focus includes working in areas with governments and communities who will safeguard the planted trees, so they can grow into healthy forests. Land Life Company was founded in 2013 with the shared conviction that innovation and technology are critical to addressing land degradation. To that end, the Cocoon technology was developed. It is a biodegradable tree incubator that enables small seedlings to establish themselves in dry and degraded areas. Overtime, as we became an end-to-end reforestation company, we started applying technology to every step of the planting process. We guide the entire operation from project design to getting trees in the ground to monitoring, which allows us to now offer large-scale smart reforestation. The innovation:

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Three ways Land Life Company uses technology to our advantage is by 1) designing the most efficient and effective way to plant trees using climate models and a drone-based terrain analysis, 2) planting at maximum speed with GPS enabled automated planting systems and our team in the field, and 3) monitoring as much data as possible to continue optimizing the process and to track the health of our trees. We believe there are three main points that distinguish our company from others: our technology, our scale and our tangibility. • Combining technology and operations: Land Life Company applies technology across the reforestation value chain to increase the scale, efficiency and transparency of our tree plantings. Using drones, artificial intelligence and monitoring applications, we collect extensive data to track tree health, to develop algorithms for planting designs and to continually improve our performance in the field. • Scale: By planting thousands of hectares of healthy, diverse and resilient forests, Land Life Company removes significant amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere, revitalizes ecosystems and benefits local communities. • Tangibility: Land Life Company doesn’t just plant trees, we grow forests. The on-the- ground transformation can be followed on our digital reforestation dashboard. With GPS planting coordinates, details about tree species and stories from the field, Land Life Company makes reforestation transparent and gives customers a way to share their impact with others. Our tree planting projects have numerous benefits for the environment, people and wildlife. Some highlights from our large-scale projects are: Restoring degraded land in Australia We are planting trees in Morrl Morrl, Australia on land that has been degraded from decades of overgrazing and deforestation. The project will extend the beautiful and mature Grey-box forest of the Morrl Morrl Nature Conservation Reserve, as well as mitigate major threats to the region’s environment, such as erosion, invasive species and loss of habitat. The country

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 has some of the world’s most fragile soils. Planting here will bring nutrients back to the degraded land, as well as prevent soil erosion. Morrl Morrl is also a crucial stepping stone in the linkage between the two of Australia’s significant National Parks. Planting trees, preserving heritage and enabling education in California We are also planting a variety of native trees in California at Wind Wolves, which is the largest West Coast non-profit preserve. It covers 93,000 acres and receives 60,000 visitors annually, including many school children who come to participate in the preserve’s Outdoor Discovery Program. The area is home to several endangered species like the California condor, making it a vital place to plant for recovering wildlife habitat. This Preserve is also important for Native American heritage, with sacred sites from the Chumash Tribe. By restoring this land through reforestation, we are helping reverse two centuries of degradation. Restoring habitat in Texas In south Texas, urbanization continues to result in the rapid depletion of the Tamaulipan thornscrub habitat, which provides sanctuary for a diverse wildlife population. There are 11 threatened and endangered species in the area, including the ocelot, which has been severely affected by the habitat destruction. Our reforestation efforts will help restore the necessary habitat for these animals. Capturing CO2 everywhere By planting healthy, diverse and resilient forests around the world, we are capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, and helping combat climate change in an effective way. We specifically assess species based on their resilience and use algorithms to predict future climate scenarios the trees will face, giving them a better chance of survival. All of the above plantings will create carbon sinks and capture tons of CO2.

MOSAICQUE Special edition` 2020 Profile: Land Life Company works with our customers and partners to plant trees all around the world. And we always take a holistic approach, looking at the complete system above and under the ground. In addition to capturing CO2, we focus on other ecosystem services as well, like nature restoration (such as habitat restoration for endangered fauna) and local job creation. This way, our positive contribution to climate and nature will last for decades to come.