4.Visualisation and Output 1. Data Acquisition and Preprocessing 2. Database Management • Scale Conversion • Digitizing / Editing • Archival, Data Security • Map designing • Raster Data / Tabular Data • Data modeling – • Online publishing • Format Conversion • Topographic, Charts, • Georeferencing Hierarchical, Relational, • Projection Network Statistical, Classification, • Attribute assignment • Online data Animation • Topology Building • 3D Birds View • Object Oriented Database • Mobile Compatible Functions of GIS 3. Data Manipulation and 51 Analysis • Measurements • Geometric Operations • Statistical, Mathematical, and Advanced Analysis • Connectivity
Data Acquisition & Preprocessing Data Acquisition: Process of identifying and gathering the data required for the application Data Preprocessing in several ways to be able to prepare it for further modeling. • Converting Format • Georeferencing °Geometric Correction °Resampling • Establishing a consistent system for recording – Data model 52
Data Management • Helps in creating and assessing the database. • Consistent method for data entry, update, deletion and retrieval. 53
Data Manipulation and Analysis • Working within database to derive new information. • Statistical tool. • Modeling. • Logical and Boolean tools. • Specialized model. 54
Product Generation • Soft Copy • Hard Copy • Cartographic principles built-in Computer Aided Drafting Tool Product Presentation • Report - (Table, Map, Write-up) • Multimedia 55
GIS - an integrated multidisciplinary science Geography Statistics Cartography Operations Research Remote Sensing Computer Science Photogrammetry Mathematics Surveying Civil Engineering Geodesy Urban Planning etc. 56
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Kandleru Creek, AP, India: Data Fusion Image of IRS LISS-3 (23.5 m.) and PAN (5.8m.) (PCA) Water Barrenland Vegetation 59
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Future has already arrived… DIGITAL GLOBE World View High Resolution Satellite Data PAN 50 cm MSS 2 m 61
QUICK BIRD 60 cm Data 62
B A N G K O K QUICKBIRD 60 CM Data 63
Aircrafts at Ronald Reagan Washington QNUaItCioKnal Airport BIRD MSS 2.44 M Data 64
This natural color 61-centimeter resolution image of commercial aircraft at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is a full- resolution image chip. Key items that are visible include the engines on the aircraft, the jet ways, seams in the tarmac, support equipment (a 3-car baggage train is visible next to the aircraft in the upper right), and runway markings. 65
QUICK BIRD MSS 2.44 M Data 66
Description: This natural color 61-centimeter resolution image of tennis courts adjacent to East Potomac Park is a full resolution image chip showing the level of detail possible with QuickBird 61-centimeter imagery. Note the \"doubles\" line markings on the courts and the net. 67
World view 2 image 68
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Measure Four M’s Map GIS Monitor Model
Professional Packages Commercial RDBMS • Arc GIS • ERDAS OpenSource • ORACLE • IDRISI • GRASS • d BASE • eCognition • QuantumGIS 73
GIS as an Information Infrastructure Information - a key issue in the age of computer, space technology and multimedia, because the information infrastructure contributes to the quality of life Social infrastructure... better society Environmental infrastructure... better management Urban infrastructure.... better life Economic infrastructure....... better business Educational infrastructure...... better knowledge Need Information System for these 74
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Bigdata in GIS • Big data is a field that treats ways to analyze, systematically extract information from, or otherwise deal with dataset that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software. • Data with many cases (rows) offer greater statistical power, while data with higher complexity (more attributes or columns) may lead to a higher false discovery rate. • Big data challenges - capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying, updating, information privacy and data source. • Big data associated with three key concepts: • volume, variety, and velocity. 77
Bigdata in GIS GIS Big Data - Huge data sets are called Spatial Big Data (SBD) Well-developed tools and concepts of Big Data like Map-Reduce technique, Hadoop software, Hive, HBase , Spark don't support spatial or Spatio-temporal data directly. 78
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Application & Requirement of Data • Varied Application • Siting an Airport 81
Data Layers required to site an • Administrative airport – Land Ownership – Government Jurisdiction – Rights-of-way – Mining Claims – Existing Land Use • Infrastructure – Transportation Network – Utility Corridors – Zoning Restrictions 82
• Biotic 83 – Endangered Species – Vegetation Cover • Climatic – Temperature – Precipitation – Fog – Wind • Abiotic – Surface Geology – Subsurface Geology – Surface Water – Subsurface Water – Flood Plains – Archaeological Sites – Elevation
Assignment 1. Submit August 25, 2021 1. Explain following 1. Concept of Geospatial Data 2. Interoperability in GIS 2. Discuss the data needs and sources for it’s availability in your country for setting up new “metro rail” in a city. <2 page> 3. What is Big Data in GIS and data types? Take a case of “smart city” or “intelligent transport system” project and prepare a list and likely sources of data.
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