ICT_Summer Holiday Assignment_Naisha Karnatak_8-B

SUMMERCOMPUTERNaisha Karnatak HOLIDAY WORK NETWORKING CONCEPTS 2022 GRADE: 8 SECTION: B NETWORKING COMPONENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Namaste, I would like to extend my gratitude to my school and special thanks to my ICT teacher Mr. Sheelnidhi Gupta, who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful assignment of computer on ‘Networking Concepts- Networking Components’. I got to explore upon so many new topics and concepts that I am truly grateful for. Lastly, I would also like to thank my classmates and friends who helped me in the completion of this assignment. Regards, Naisha Karnatak DATE: 30/05/2022

NETWORKING COMPONENTS A group of computers and other peripherical devices connected with each other through wires, optical files or optical links for the purpose of sharing data and hardware resources is known as a computer network. There are various additional components of a computer network required to establish wired networking. These are broadly classified into: • Network Card • Networking Cable • Modem • Hub • Switch • Router

Network card A network card is used for the communication of another network with a computer. It contains hardware addresses, the data-link layer protocol use this address to identify the system on the network so that it transfers the data to the correct destination. Ethernet Network Card is the most commonly used network card. Figure 1.0: Network Card Networking Cable A networking cable is a transmission media used to transmit signals. There can be of three types used for transmission. The modern ethernet cables use twisted pair cable that contains eight wires. Fig 1.1: Networking Cable

Modem A hardware device that allows the computer to connect to the available internet connection over the existing telephone line. It stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It converts or “modulates” an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire into a digital signal that a router or switch can easily recognize the data. Similarly, when it converts outgoing digital data into an analog signal in a computer device such converting is called Demodulation. Fig 1.2: Modem Hub A Hub is a hardware device that splits a network connection among multiple computers. When a computer requests information in a network or a specific computer, then it sends the request to the hub via a cable. The hub receives and broadcasts(transmits) the requests all over the network. Lastly, every computer checks whether that network then belongs to them or not. If belongs then it broadcasts if the request doesn’t belong it will be dropped.

Fig 1.3 Hub Switch A switch is similar to a hub. However, a switch has more advanced features than a hub. It doesn’t broadcast entire data on the network like a hub. It determines the device to whom the message is to be transmitted and provides a direct connection between the source and destination. Switch delivers the message to the correct destination based on the physical address present in the incoming message. Therefore, the speed of the network increases. Fig 1.4: Switch

Router A router is a hardware device that connects two different types of networks with each other. Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI (Open system interconnection) reference model, using them to send packets over the network using a logical address. The router not only transmits the messages from a source computer to the destination computer, but it also provides the best route to deliver the message and hence it helps decrease the transmission time. Fig 1.5: Router .

-RECAP- ➢ A group of computers and other peripherical devices connected with each other through wires, optical files or optical links for the purpose of sharing data and hardware resources is known as a computer network. ➢ Networking components are classified into- ➢ A switch is similar to a hub. However, a switch has more advanced features than a hub. .