ONE4ALL NEWSLETTER-ONE

O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter Issue 1  December, 2021 IN THIS ISSUE PAGE 3 WHAT’S ONE4ALL? PAGE 8 ‘ABAMBO’ ON BENDED KNEES PAGE 10 KOJA’S CALL PAGE 15 THE OTHER PANDEMIC ONE4ALL One4All-All4One is a vaccine PAGE 13 NEWS engagement project aimed at stimulating dialogue with different PICTORIAL PAGE 7 FOCUS audiences in Africa & UK on #CommunityImmunity 11 #VaccineHesitancy. #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter CONTENTS ENGAGING WITH THE PUBLIC IN AFRICA AND THE UK ON COMMUNITY IMMUNITY AND EDITORIAL 3 VACCINE HESITANCY NEWS 7 Funder: Wellcome Trust & NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens @ UCL EXCLUSIVE 12 Project Duration:: 3 Years PICTORIAL 13 Project Leads:: Dr. Bella Sterling and Prof Robert Heyderman Project Team: Kondwani Jambo (MLW Lead): Rodrick Sambakunsi (Project Manager), Steven Kuo (Operations Lead) and Marcfarlane Mbewe (Creative Assistant) Advisory Team:: Todd Swarthout, Sarah Kenney, Mary Chambers and Una Rennard FEATURE 15 Sci4O 18 COVER PAGE: The top image shows some of SHORT STORY 21 the participants who attended the first UPDATE 23 One4All-All4One participatory workshop held in Blantyre, Malawi. PHOTO: Alick Chimzere DESIGN: Marcfarlane Mbewe ONE is developed & published in Malawi by Managing Editor: Rodrick Sambakunsi MSc. Advisory Editor: Kondwani Jambo PhD Administration: Mernani Kaonga With support from: #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 2

EDITORIAL O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter e at One4All-All4One are extremely excited to administer this first dose of ONE™. We sincerely hope you will find the newsletter insightful, informative, and rele- vant to the period we are in. It has been quite an adventurous journey from when we launched the project through to the time, we held our 1st and 2nd participatory workshops in March and May 2021, respectively. This issue, being our first, particularly focuses on events before, during and after our first workshop which introduced participants to their involvement in the co- creation of resources aimed at immortalising the discussion on Vaccines, Immunization and Community Immunity, also referred to as Community Protection. Vaccines and Community Immunity are at the heart of One4All so much so that our lead, Dr. Kondwani Jambo, discuss- es the subject on the exclusive interview page. You will also appreciate that this opening edition of ONE seeks to introduce the project, that is why the About section features the process that led to the identification of stakeholders and focus areas for project. I will not do any justice if I don’t mention our deliberate effort of partnering with young peo- ple on the project. ONE has more than two pages dedicated to issues concerning the youth. It is our interest to strategically place youth at the centre of the discussion on Vaccines and Community Immunity. Finally, thanks to numerous individuals who provided their support towards the successful de- velopment of this newsletter. Over and above that, thanks to our amazing funders who have given us the resources and an enabling environment to aid the continuous publication of ONE. We urge you, our esteemed reader, to share this newsletter with your colleagues, family and friends. Most importantly we look forward to your feedback to make the next issue of ONE, due early next year, even more exciting. Remember #VaccinesWork #VaccinesSaveLives!! Rodrick Sambakunsi, MSc Managing Editor #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 33

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter EDITORIAL INTRODUCING ONE4ALL By RODRICK Sambakunsi MSc. QUICK FINDINGS Project Manager-One4All “One for All – All for individuals and Shortfalls/Gaps One” is a vaccine institutions that are engagement project involved in the Stock outs of vaccines. aimed at stimulating implementation of Facilities are not well equipped. discussion with vaccination campaigns Transport problems. different audiences in who would support the Lack of contribution of HSAs during Africa and UK on activities of the project Community Immunity in order to achieve its development of vaccine messages. and Vaccine objectives. Community Engagement methods Hesitancy. This will The stakeholders were used by HSAs not effective. empower people who segmented into local, make decisions about regional and Knowledge gap on how vaccines immunisation, including parents, guardians, international. work including Community Immunity. ·Lack of skills in effective engagement community leaders, STAKEHOLDER DISCUSSION by HSAs. influencers, older children, policy The discussions with Beliefs makers, health care stakeholders were Vaccines are harmful to professional and conducted using a humans. researchers, thereby guide that was Vaccines e.g. HPV are for population making informed developed by the control. choices about project team to ensure Vaccines help children grow. vaccination and do there was consistency engagement with in the areas covered vaccines, based during the discussions around concepts of with all stakeholders Community Immunity. involved. STAKEHOLDER MAPPING The discussions with the stakeholders were In order to have a focused on vaccine meaningful contribution administration to from different audiences, engagement with it was decided on the on- vaccines■ set of the project to en- gage different stakehold- ers with an aim of secur- ing their support and contribution. The stakeholders Current Vaccine Engagement Focus mapping was conducted Vaccine schedules. as one of the initial Importance of vaccines. · activities in order to Distribution of materials. identify Distribution of vaccines including cold chain. Mass media as a means of community engagement. #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 4

O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter ■ The Youth/Students ■ Traditional/Religious Leaders #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 55

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter MESSAGE #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 6

NEWS O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter The workshop drew over 20 participants from across Blantyre arious stakeholders CALL FOR UNISON are calling for IN VACCINATION consented and increased efforts as C A M PA I G N S Malawi seeks to By Marcfarlane Mbewe, achieve maximum results in its vaccination Creative Assistant-One4All campaigns. disinformation on vaccination. These twin This multi-sectoral consensus was brought to challenges are becoming even more light following a two-day participatory workshop apparent now that the world is facing held from 23 March in Blantyre, Malawi’s extreme pressure to deal with the novel commercial capital. It was organised by the UK-Africa Covid-19 virus. vaccine engagement project, “One for All-All for In their opinion, most of the participants, One\". largely young people, emphasised on the need for campaigners to conduct The workshop drew over 20 extensive research before developing participants from various messages aimed at demystifying sectors of the Malawi vaccines. At this point, language was society including the youth, mentioned as one of the key barriers that students, traditional message developers need to critically put leaders, the clergy, health into consideration. workers & young parents. It aimed at soliciting ideas Realising that illiteracy is a huge that can help in the challenge especially in Malawi's rural development of tools areas, Lameck Zidana, a Health aimed at spurring Surveillance Assistant, proposed that conversation on vaccines medical terminologies should be and community immunity. simplified in a deliberate attempt to enlighten the rural masses. This comes as the world battles the rise in NEXT PAGE misinformation and 77 #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter NEWS Mary Nkhoma, a church minister, One4all hosts debut creators’ stated that religious leaders are meeting instrumental in stimulating and sus- PREVIOUS PAGE taining the conversation on vac- cines and immunisation be- cause religion is highly regarded in the country. Divided into groups, the participants Immunologist Chibwana banged heads to develop various tools and messages that can assist The participants also had an media creatives in developing expert interactive session with targeted and effective vaccination Viral Immunologist Marah messages. Their exotic ideas were, a Chibwana and Latif Ndeketa, a week later, brought to the attention vaccinologist. Both from the of South Africa based media Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome creatives lead, Nabeel Petersen, who Clinical Research Programme together with his team, monitored (MLW). The session focused on the the discussions online. A visibility process of manufacturing excited Petersen described the vaccines and their functionality. workshop as an extremely important The two medical experts also step as it provided a platform for enlightened the gathering on various groups to develop locally rumours, fears and conspiracy bred vaccination campaign tools. theories surrounding the UK developed Covid-19 vaccine, Also monitoring the proceedings was Astrazeneca which is being UK based Bella Sterling, the project's administered in Malawi. lead. The medical doctor stressed, in her opening remarks, that matters of Vaccines and Community Immunity are very near to her heart adding that she was looking forward to a common outcome. The participants banged heads The deputy director of Preventative Health Services in the ministry of Health, Mabvuto Thomas opened the workshop on behalf of the ministry. TO PAGE 10 #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 8

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O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter NEWS FROM PAGE 8 PLEA FOR CONSISTENCY As Rodrick closes workshop Opened the workshop: Thomasi ‘ ‘ He assured the participants Abambo closed the workshop that policy makers are going to seriously consider the outcomes of the meeting describing such gatherings as very critical. Thomasi also stated that his presence signified strong ties that exist between government of Malawi and MLW. In closing the workshop, The “One for All – All for One” vaccine Rodrick Sambakunsi, the engagement project seeks to kindle project’s manager dialogue with diverse audiences in mentioned that the process of Africa and UK on Community Immunity engaging stakeholders is and Vaccine Hesitancy. The on-going. Fondly referred to three-year project is funded by as Abambo (father), Rodrick Wellcome Trust and NIHR Global Health stressed on the need for the Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, participants to ensure that Vocal-UK and MLW■ they maintain a close working relationship with the project Follow the link to listen to Thomas’ exclusive i n t e r v i e w wi t h One4All-All4One to safeguard consistency. https://soundcloud.com/user-50699973/malawis-health-ministry-official- speaks-on-all-for-one-one-for-all-vaccination-engagement-project #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 10

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O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW with Marcfarlane Mbewe The Special One is an exclusive interview which will feature some of the leading figures in Health, Science and Research. This debut issue of ONE features one of Malawi’s leading scientists, Kondwani Jambo (KJ) PhD, whose story is very inspiring. Fondly referred to as KoJA, KJ had the following chat with One4All’s Creative Assistant, Marcfarlane Mbewe (MM). KoJa (sited) receiving a COVID-19 jab. MM: What is your role in the One4All-All4One MM: Don’t you think it is extremely project? challenging to curb achieve Community Immunity, particularly here KJ: I am the host of the in Malawi, with the rise of Vaccine One4All-All4One project in Africa. Hesitancy? MM: How crucial are the functions of the KJ: Yes, it is challenging in the current One4All-All4All project? anti-vaccination climate, but it is not impossible. Historically, Malawi has been KJ: The functions of this project are crucial one of the leading countries in the world because they directly address misinformation on vaccine acceptance. For so many against vaccines and vaccination at this years, the Malawi immunisation critical time when anti-vaccine messaging is programme has successfully rolled out rampant. The generation of easily digestible childhood vaccines with minimal vaccine and accessible information on vaccination hesitancy. However, times are changing, and its benefits, at an individual and and we have now started to experience a community level, gives a basis for fact-based rise in vaccine hesitancy, especially informed decision making by the general towards COVID-19 vaccines. We need to populous. urgently and decisively address this vac- cine hesitancy storm, as it could spill over MM: What is Community Immunity or to childhood vaccination programmes Community Protection? and heavily affect the Community Immunity gain from high vaccine KJ: Community immunity is an interesting coverage in Malawi. Through the concept that says if a lot of people in a One4All-All4All project we will be taking community have immunity against a vaccine hesitancy head on, through our particular organism, then it will indirectly innovative information sharing and protect those few individuals that are not community engagement solutions. immune to the organism. This concept is based on the idea that MM: What are your final remarks? most organisms spread from person to person, and this chain of transmission is broken if most KJ: Vaccines work. Get vaccinated when- of the individuals are immune to the organism ever and wherever possible, and support and incapable of passing it on. Therefore, others to do the same■ when we get vaccinated it is not only helpful to us but also those around us, one for all and 12 all for one. #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity

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O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter PICTORIAL #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 14

FEATURE O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter VACCINES: OUR SURE WEAPON AGAINST DISEASES By Marcfarlane Mbewe Assistant Creative Practitioner, ONe4All According to Wellcome.org vaccines are among the most successful and cost-effective healthcare interventions in human history. They save countless lives every year. “Vaccines can help prevent infections which are resistant to antibiotics and diseases which can lead to unnecessary prescription of antibiotics,” the site continues. Dr Ndeketa contributes to the accelerated reduction of morbidity and mortality of vaccine preventable diseases in low-income settings through novel surveillance methods for vaccine programmes. Latif Ndeketa (in the Picture), is a the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Vaccine Epidemiologist based in Research Programme (MLW), aired live, Malawi’s commercial capital, Blantyre. in September, on one of Malawi’s He agrees that Vaccines have been the leading privately owned national FM greatest public health intervention since stations, Times Radio. clean water. Vaccines have eradicated and eliminated diseases such as small Dr. Ndeketa, who works with MLW, is pox and polio. “Vaccines prevent quick to mention that vaccines are millions of illnesses and deaths per year,” given to heathy individuals to prevent he stresses. diseases and not to treat them. His response comes following numerous In defining vaccines, the medical doctor questions on vaccines received by One4All-All4One during the project’s states: “Vaccines are a biological month-long interaction with the general public on Umoyo Nkukambirana, a substance designed to protect us, weekly radio programme supported by through the induction of a protective #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity immune response, from infectious diseases that we would have been sick with in the future.” NEXT PAGE 1515

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter “Vaccines have been the greatest public FROM PREVIOUS PAGE health intervention since clean Asked to summarise the process of developing vaccines, Ndeketa explains water.” that vaccines are made through a discovery process where scientists of two groups where one groups receive the prepare biological parts of the virus that vaccine whilst the other receives a placebo. can induce immunity from a particular Sometimes the second group is given a infection and tested on animal models vaccine with an already known safety for safety and efficacy. profile as a comparator He continues by explaining why are He adds: “This process is called there differences in vaccine storage pre-clinical phase. The next phase is conditions: “Different manufacturing called clinical phase which involves technologies require different storages. clinical trials in humans by doing three For example, Live attenuated vaccines, phases of clinical trials. The data is used which use a weakened form of the virus, to apply for license to regulatory such as the measles vaccine require authorities during a registration careful refrigeration whilst inactivated process. When approved the vaccine vaccines, genetic material has been can now be recommended for use in destroyed so they cannot replicate, do countries.” not require refrigeration and can be freeze dried for transportation.” Early this month, Ndeketa successfully Research by various international or- completed his Master of Science in ganisations like the WHO and UNICEF in- Epidemiology with the London School of dicates that it is extremely important for Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). people especially children to adhere to Full of excitement he details the vaccine schedules. relationship between vaccines and At this juncture, Ndeketa strongly advis- immunisation: es: “You need an adequate dosage to achieve the required immunity threshold “We have natural immunity which protects us from future infections 16 following an encounter with that particular disease. Disease such as chicken pox can give us lifelong immunity once we experience them. The process of being protected from a future infection is called immunisation. Unfortunately, not all diseases are like chicken pox and we can get repeated infections such as with measles. For these type of infections, we need vaccines to enhance the immune response to protect us from diseases. Vaccines are one way of being immunised but you can be vaccinated and not immunised and you can also be immunised to a disease without vaccines.” On a cautious note, Ndeketa explains the safety of a vaccines saying it is measured through clinical trials using comparison #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity

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O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter SCI40 Outlining By Marah Grace Chibwana MBSS Training the next crop of scientists With “Science is for Everyone” as its motto, Sci4O objectives are to engage its mem- bers with Malawian scientists for mentor- ship, create scholarships for its members, carry out campaigns in schools on biomedical sciences and encourage the youth to take up science related activities. Army and Jamba Secondary and Njamba CDSS are the public schools that were identified to kick start the initiative in the city of Blantyre as MLW looks into making Sci4O into a national program, in the near future. SCI4O’s success story: Ruth Khofi Having had very positive feedback from the district education office, SCi40 is on the stablished in 2018 under the Malawi- verge of establishing Science clubs in the Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical identified secondary schools. This will be Research Programme (MLW), Sci4O undertaken in collaboration with education (Science For All) aims to promote authorities. biomedical and clinical science careers amongst students in primary, secondary and By the end of the year it is envisaged that tertiary education. The initiative also seeks to Sci4O clubs will have been established train the next generation of scientists who have including and provided with writing a vital role in driving local research forward materials such as books and pens for and subsequently contribute to the country students and other teaching and learning overcoming the high burden of diseases in aids. Led by Dr. Kondwani Jambo, Sci4O Malawi. has Rodrick Sambakunsi and Pauline Mlongeni as its founding members. Sci4O’s vision is to see biomedical and clinical Overtime, the membership extended to science careers as amongst the top three Kestern Mkoola, Lindiwe Mafuleka and careers of choice amongst the youth in Agness Lakudzala■ Malawi. Its mission is to make biomedical and clinical science, a career of choice amongst EDITOR’S NOTE! Before her departure for the UK, the author was the founding coordinator of SCI4O. #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 18

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O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter SCI40 This page is dedicated to providing updates of activities happening in the One4All-Sci40 Virtual Forum. In this opening piece, one of the club’s founding members, Ruth Khofi introduces the online platform which is supported by One4All-All4One Vaccine Engagement Project & MLW’s Viral Immunology Group. ABOUT SCI40-ONE4ALL VIRTUAL FORUM The Sci40-One4All Virtual Forum The competitions that have taken place so far are short started in September, 2019. It story writing, a debate, quiz and cartoon drawing. The was created by MLW to provide winners are awarded airtime for a monthly WhatsApp an online platform on which data bundle which encourages them to continue students from various institutions participating in the activities of the forum. Presentations can have a common ground of diseases involve one of the members doing a where they can discuss about thorough research on a certain disease and then science particularly clinical and presenting it on the group to the other members. The biomedical science. The presentation is first checked by medical experts to ensure platform has secondary school credibility of content that is to be presented. Other leavers and candidates who activities include presentations on general science have recently sat for MSCE as topics, riddles and games, talent shows and quizzes. members. The online platform aims at encouraging and WHAT’S COMING UP? enlightening young people on what clinical and biomedical Creation of a YouTube channel science is all about so that they can apply for programs that Increase the number of members offer them in universities. Presently, the club has 27 REVIEWS members. 15 females and 12 males. “The platform has helped me know a few stuff about me, physical fitness and ACTIVITIES cervical cancer for example and it has made me figure out that science is fun.” The platform hosts a number of -Laureen Chauma. activities. The main ones being a monthly competition and a “The forum helps me understand some weekly Inside The Disease science concepts and I now have more session, which comprises confidence in science than I had before.” presentations on different diseases currently affecting the -Patrick Hambeyani. globe including the Covid-19 pandemic. #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 2200

SHORT STORY O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter The clock had just stroked ten on Monday \"What will the boss say?\". Then I realized I had morning when I finally reached the busy only spent about fifteen minutes from the tarmac road that connects Ndirande to the time I left the dusty-bumpy road and City. I had walked in the bumpy and dusty reached the tarmac. A deep sigh of relief road for about half an hour though it felt like gladdened my spirit for I was \"home at last!\". forever. I was rushing to work. My shift was developing in my mind, and focus entirely on expected to start at nine-thirty. I was half an how to convince my boss about why I failed hour late, but I knew I would be late even to make it to work I wanted to divert my more. There were no mini buses going to thoughts, from the dilemma that was now on town; rumour had it that they were on a time. But the dilemma was more pressing strike protesting against the two passengers than my fear for the boss. It had been per seat directive that was issued by the announced over the radio that the vaccine government as part of the numerous was now in the country. Everyone in my COVID- 19 preventive village expressed measures. THE OTHER PANDEMIC one fear over another. The I was furious at myself By MACKSHON Chitseko stories I heard because I had only recently sold my during the smartphone to help pay my rentals. My weekend made me very anxious of whether I smartphone was the major source of was ready to get vaccinated or not. It oc- information on the new illness which was curred to me that there is another pandem- spreading all over the world as an untamed ic of fear which is spreading faster than wildfire. I was in two WhatsApp groups, and COVID-19 itself and many, including myself, followed a certain page on Facebook that were already infected by it. I reached the was posting a lot of strange and bizarre company's main gate with a lot of messages about what the disease was, and the agenda of the Superpowers to wipe out unanswered questions about the new vaccine■ the African population by the vaccine. The company had cut down many things Written by Mackshon Chitseko, The Other Pandemic was authored including labourers. And those of us who were to spur discussion on Covid-19 in the Sci4O-One4All Virtual Forum. lucky to remain employed within the pandemic, were only entitled three-quarters ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Aged 22, Mackshon is a of our initial salary. We had to work shifts, and member of the Sci40 club and a student with had to strive to do weekends just to get an the Kamuzu College of Health Sciences where extra wage. I had a chunk of bills to pay, and he’s pursuing a medical degree. He joined I owed a lot of money from the village bank. I Sci40 since his secondary school days, at a had no option but to sell my phone. Now time when the club had just been formed. The regret flooded my mind: if I had not sold my aspiring Heart Surgeon has several interests phone I would have at least seen the outside academics including writing short messages of the strike on WhatsApp so that I stories and poems, and is currently working on could have prepared early for work and not a novel. titled Out from the risk my salary being deducted. What a fool I Desert. He is also was! The constant introspection I had over interested in art, these troubling thoughts gave me a mood especially sketching with a monotonous genre. I had lost track of the human figure which time. I could feel the hot sweat dripping from he believes is itself the my face. A jolt of fear shoot through my spine greatest piece as I saw the company's gate just a few feet of art ever to away. exist on the face of #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity the earth. 221121

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NEWS O N Ethe official One4All-All4One newsletter :  Meeting with selected SCI40 schools & introduction of Science OCTOBER clubs. 20TH OCTOBER: One for All-All for One Advisory Board Virtual Meeting.  23RD OCOTOCBTEORB: ETRh/ird stakeholders’ participatory workshop to review drafts of vaccine engagement . NOVEMBER  Piloting of vaccine NOVEMBER engagement resources. DECEMBER  Participatory Workshop 4: To consolidate ideas and suggestions obtained during piloting. JANUARY ,2022  Dissemination: Publicising the vaccine engagement resources.  2nd edition of ONE APRIL,2022  Evaluation: Analysing the effectiveness of vaccine engagement resources and the project. MAY,2022  ONE 3rd issue #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 2323

O N E the official ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE newsletter ENGAGING WITH THE PUBLIC IN AFRICA AND THE UK ON COMMUNITY IMMUNITY AND VACCINE HESITANCY Funder: Wellcome Trust & NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens @ UCL Project Duration: 3 Years Project Leads: Dr. Bella Sterling and Prof Robert Heyderman Project Team: Dr. Kondwani Jambo (MLW Lead) Rodrick Sambakunsi (Project Manager), Steven Kuo (Operations Lead) and Marcfarlane Mbewe (Creative Assistant) Advisory Team: Todd Swarthout, Sarah Kenney, Mary Chambers and Una Rennard ONE is the official e-newsletter of ONE4ALL-ALL4ONE Managing Editor: Rodrick Sambakunsi MSc Advisory Editor: Kondwani Jambo PhD Finance: MLW’s Grants Management Transport & Logistics: Facilities Dept., MLW Administration: Mernani Kaonga Accounting: Mtendere Gadi International Distribution: MPRU Administrator Contributors: Rodrick Sambakunsi MSc, Marah Chibwana MBBS, Agness Lakudzala, Ruth Khofi, Mackshon Chitseko and Marcfarlane Mbewe Pictures: Alick Chimzere #Vaccines #CommunityImmunity 24