families that had gone into hiding or had camped at Fort Gibson and otherUnion-controlled forts followed suit.Despite many later disputes over the accuracy of the rolls taken to allocate the landand annuity payments to the blacks, especially in the Cherokee and Creek nations,a very substantial number of them did get land, annuity payments, and a capitalbase in Indian Territory. One prominent family that exemplifies what that meantfor their subsequent development is the family of the noted historian John HopeFranklin, whose great-grandfather had married a Choctaw, and who became asubstantial rancher on land acquired through his Native American and AfricanAmerican freedmen connections. (28)In the context of the current crescendo of calls for reparations to AfricanAmericans, it is important to note that these treaties contained the provisions thatactually led to the earliest substantial public compensation that African Americansgot explicitly in recognition of their ordeal of slavery in the United States.Despite the famous promises voiced in conjunction with the federal government'sFreedmen's Bureau, but never passed for an allotment to freedmen of \"forty acresand a mule,\" such black landowning as did ultimately develop in the South did notresult from such promises of reparations. Amnesty provisions granted byPresident Andrew Johnson to recanting former rebels resulted in the return ofmost \"confiscated and abandoned\" lands to the former slaveholders, and the forcedremoval of many blacks who had taken control, if not registered ownership, of suchlands for farming and husbandry. (29)Excited by our discovery of these possible special connections with anall-too-obscure American epic, The Kansas Institute helped to organize thefirst-ever celebration of the role that African Americans as well as the town ofHumboldt had played in the Great Escape saga. The ceremony was part of \"TheHumboldt Historic Days-2000\" observance sponsored by the town's Chamber ofCommerce. That event is held tri-annually in remembrance of the sacking of thetown in September and October of 1861 by Confederate troops, ostensibly inreprisal for the anti-slavery activity of many of its citizens. Descendantsparticipated in a candlelight procession in remembrance of the pioneer AfricanAmericans who came to the Humboldt area from Indian Territory.Of course, one such family featured in this ceremony was that of Daniel Landrum.Special note was made of the presence in the audience of KIAANAFH member Mrs.Eva Franklin, 90-year-old descendant of one of the Jacksons, and of a family that iskin by marriage to and was raised by Landrum descendants. Her niece andKIAANAFH Board member, Mrs. Charlotte Goodseal, commemorated the Landrumsin the procession. James Boyd, present-day owner of the property where Aunt
Polly's cabin had been located, carried her candle in the ceremony and proudlydisplayed the iron fireplace shovel she had used in her famous cooking. Sevenother pioneer black families, several still with descendants in the area, were alsohonored. (30)The program also included spokespersons for the Native American peoples mostdirectly associated with these stories, most particularly the current principal chiefof the Muskogee (Creek) nation, Mr. Perry Beaver, who is a distant descendant ofOpothleyahola. Two direct descendants, Felix and Thompson Gouge, who nowreside in Oklahoma City, represented the family in the candlelight procession.Although there is no evidence that Sequoyah, inventor of the Cherokee writingsystem, or members of his family had joined the Escape, the participation of a greatgranddaughter, Mrs. Mary Atkin, symbolized the crucial assistance given to theEscape by the many Cherokee warriors from the Keetoowah Society.Everybody, Indian, black and white, pledged together \"to seek all the ways possibleto alleviate the legacy of racism, slavery and human injustice in our land,\" a goalobviously still far from being accomplished. Their attentive faces seemed to reflectproud recognition of a shared and fateful connection to one of the country's mostgripping sagas of resistance, survival and ultimate triumph. (31)Perhaps the ceremony's participants and audience also wondered, as I did, howdifferent the history of these relationships might have been had Opothleyaholasucceeded to convene on Humboldt's Neosho riverbank bluffs his requested\"Grand Council of all the tribes\"--to pledge their \"loyalty\" to the Union, and toenforce the earlier treaties. Would President Lincoln have been able or willing todefend the sovereignty (the neutrality?) of these factious and slaveholding tribes?No doubt, the tribes would have had to renounce slavery, but would they havegranted citizenship to the freedmen? Would even the debate of the issue havemoved Lincoln more quickly to use colored troops, and equally as important, draftor at least announce his Emancipation Proclamation much earlier? Would theslaves of the Five Civilized Tribes have come subsequently to share Indian land andannuity rights, or like the Africans in the rebelling states, would they have beenconsidered simply as the federal government's wards, dependent on the ultimatelyunfulfilled promises of the Freedmen's Bureau? Would the many all-black townshave emerged in Indian Territory--derived from enclaves of landed and self-reliant,if marginalized, black Indians, or would these have been located in Kansas instead?Would Blacks and Indians alike have nurtured memories of their many sharedordeals, or let them sink even further into the shadows of their historical amnesia?NOTES(1) Annie Helloise Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist, with
an Introduction by Theda Purdue and Michael D. Green (Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska Press, 1992): 242-47 and note 489.(2) Quoted in Ibid., note 491.(3) See J. Leitch Wright, Jr., Creeks and Seminoles, (Lincoln and London: Universityof Nebraska Press, 1986): 73ff, for detailed and informed discussion of theextensive and long-lasting mixing of Africans especially with the Creek speakingpeoples (the Muscogulges); Able, The American Indian as Slaveholder andSecessionist, 23, note 14.(4) Wilma Mankiller, Mankiller: A Chief and Her People, (New York: St. Martin'sPress, 1993): 94.(5) Estimates vary on this point. William Loren Katz, Black Indians: A HiddenHeritage, (New York: Athenaeum, 1986): 138. Katz suggests that, not counting theSeminoles (who may have used the term to protect family members), these tribesstill had over 5000 slaves in 1860.(6) John Ehle, Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation, (New York:Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1988): 361. For characterization of the impact ofremoval see Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist, 20-21;Russell Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population Historysince 1492, (Normal: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987):76; Russell Thornton,The Cherokees: A Population History. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,1990), passim; and Katz, Black Indians, 138.(7) Mankiller, Mankiller: A Chief and Her People, 94.(8) KIAANAFH: Round Table on The African American--Native AmericanConnection., 11 July 1998, transcript, Kansas City, (c/o Willard R. Johnson MITE53-367 Cambridge, MA 02139).(9) Daniel F. Littlefied, Jr., Africans and Creeks: From the Colonial Period to theCivil War, (Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1979): loc. cit. Cf. Rudi Halliburton, RedOver Black: Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians, (Westport: GreenwoodPress, 1977) for a \"non-romanticized\" assessment of slavery among the Cherokees.For more balanced views see Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder andSecessionist, passim, and articles by editor and by Patrick Minges in the Bulletin ofthe Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, (Spring 1999).(10) Patrick Minges, \"Are You Kituwah's Son?: Cherokee Nationalism and the CivilWar,\" Paper presented at the American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting,Philadelphia Pennsylvania, November, 1995, passim.(11) \"Treaty Party\" refers to the few Cherokee leaders who, in 1834, acceptedplans of President Jackson (but a project since the Jefferson Presidency) for atreaty to provide for the transfer to whites of Native American traditional lands for
payments and territory further west. The term \"Lower Creeks\" was used by whitesand had no traditional significance. See Ehle, Trail of Tears: The Rise and Fall of theCherokee Nation, 259-92.(12) Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist, chapter iv.(13) Littlefield, Africans and Creeks, 116-29.(14) Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder and Secessionist, 140, note, citesremarks by Confederate agent Albert Pike that \"Opothleyahola ... was not loyal: hefeared the McIntoshes, who had raised troops, and who, he thought, meant to killhim for killing their father. He told me that he did not wish to fight against theSouthern States, but only that the Indians should all act together.\" These wereself-serving remarks by Pike who was supposed to recruit the Indians to theConfederacy.(15) Christine Schultz White, and Benton R. White, Now the Wolf Has Come: TheCreek Nation in the Civil War, (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1996):passim.(16) See Ibid.; review of Now the Wolf Has Come by Daryl Morrison in KansasHistory, 19:3 (Autumn 1996), and Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder andSecessionist, 244 and 247k.(17) Figures vary from source to source. See KHS - Kansas Historical Society files ofarcheologist Randy Thies: \"Collections Relating to Tri-County Area of Greenwood,Elk, and Wilson Counties\" by Ronald B. Ellis (1985); Patrick Minges (November1995): 20, who says Opothleyahola's forces included \"700 armed blacks\"; Edwin C.Bears's \"The Civil War Comes to Indian Territory, 1861, The Flight ofOpothleyahola\" Journal of the West 11 (April 1972): 9-42, and Jay Monaghan, CivilWar on the Western Border: 18541865, (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1955):219-20, who says \"Many runaway slaves from other tribes joined the throng ...\"(and on 221, that) \"Confederate Indians accused him [Opothleyahola] of driving off... three or four hundred of their slaves.\" Also, KHS, \"The Seminoles in the AmericanCivil War\" (297) listing the various Indian nations with Opothleyahola w states\"The party also included several hundred Negroes,\" and Angle Debo, The Road toDisappearance: A History of the Creek Indians, (Norman, OK: University ofOklahoma Press, 1941): 150(18) Jonathan D. Greenberg, Staking a Claim: Jake Simmons and the Making of anAfrican-American Oil Dynasty,(New York: Athenaeum, 1990). Both Littlefield (247)and Greenberg (28) quote Commissioner of Indian Affairs, D.N. Cooley's 1866Annual Report reference to this promise. Littlefield earlier (236) noted thispromise, but implied (239) that the Kansas treaty negotiations that first reallylegalized it came just after Opothleyahola's death, and like Debo (161), implies it
was the black interpreter Harry Island who really accomplished this.(19) The units were led by Col. James McIntosh (no relation to Chief William), whois reported (3) by Meserve to have been a general and a graduate of West Point. Cf.White & White and Daryl Morrison's book review for more on this engagement.(20) See accounts of these battles in Abel, The American Indian as Slaveholder andSecessionist; Annie Helloise Abel, The American Indian in the Civil War,1862-1865, with an Introduction by Theda Purdue and Michael D. Green, (Lincolnand London: University of Nebraska Press, 1992); Lela J. McBridge, Opothleyaholaand the Loyal Muskogee: Their Flight to Kansas in the Civil War, (Jefferson, NorthCarolina, and London: McFarland & Company Inc., Publishers, 2000, and White andWhite.(21) See Monahgan, Civil War on the Western Border, chapter XXII., and Abel, TheAmerican Indian in the Civil War, 1862-1865, chapter XII.(22) Littlefield, 239.(23) See Jonathan D. Greenberg for a gripping account of some of these events. Alsosee Abel, 1993, Chapter VIII especially, for a detailed, if opinionated account of thetreaty discussions, and Littlefield for a more brief, but balanced assessment ofthem.(24) L. Wright Jr., Creeks and Seminoles, 73ff.(25) See Theda Perdue, Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, 1540-1866,(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1979): 89.(26) \"Descriptive Report of First Indian Home Guard. Records of Union VolunteerOrganizations,\" vol. I National Archives and Records Administration Record Group94, Record of Adjutant. Also see Kansas Adjutant General's Report, 1861-1865, vol.I, (Topeka, KS: Kansas State Printing Co., 1896): 605.(27) Cf. obituary in The Humboldt Union, 2 May 1912, said she had lived in the areasince \"before the war\" but a letter from Mrs. W.T. McElroy, in the 9 May 1912 issuesaid after the war. Several articles in a Humboldt Union series called \"NeoshoValley Facts and News,\" by Audrey Z. McGrew, mention her. See especially 30March 1950. An unpublished typescript of an oral history taken mostly fromGertrude Stovall by one Nat Armel (date unknown) called \"Slave Running in AllenCounty, Kansas\" calls her Crosibyand and mentions her underground railroad likeactivity.(28) John H. Franklin and John W. Franklin, eds., My Life and an Era: TheAutobiography of Buck Franklin (Indiana University Press, 1999): passim.(29) Cf. John H. Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans,(New York: Random House Vintage Books, 1969): 302ff & 307 especially; LeroneBennett Jr., Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America 1619-1966,
(Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1966): 184ff, and W. E. B. Du Bois, BlackReconstruction in America 1860-1880, (New York: World Publishing Co. MeridianBooks, 1964): 252ff. For examples of the impact of Amnesty see John W. Graves,Town and Country: Race Relations in an Urban-Rural Context, Arkansas,1865-1905, (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1990): 74ff., and Howard A.White, The Freedmen's Bureau in Louisiana., (Baton Rouge: Louisiana StateUniversity Press, 1970): 48ff.(30) Charley Davis, a Cherokee freedman and the author's great-great grandfatherlikely came to Humboldt a bit later (family lore says in 1870, but we do not knowfrom where.) The other black pioneer families, besides the Landrums, with verylikely direct Great Escape connections that were commemorated were those ofPerry Adams, \"Aunt Polly\" Crosby (Crosslin), Chora Graves, Nathan Jackson,Elizabeth Payne, Lewis Rogers, and Andrew Tecumseh.(31) The pledge was written by Rev. Robert L. Baynham, the master of ceremonies,and KIAANAFH vice president, and led by him and Chief Beaver.Willard R. Johnson, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Political Science MassachusettsInstitute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts)http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyJ0ylSBDLGkAChmDBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTBydD advanRkMWN1BHBndANhdHdfd2ViX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDbG9nbw--/ ced search :: custo mize prefer ences :: Submi t Site ::Help Result s in: Any Langu age Englis hWebHYPERLINK\"http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyJ0ylSBDLGkAExmDBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTByYTFkamo3
BHBndANhdHdfd2ViX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDdGFicw--/\"NewsHYPERLINK\"http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyJ0ylSBDLGkAFBmDBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTByYTFkamo3BHBndANhdHdfd2ViX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDdGFicw--/\"PicturesHYPERLINK\"http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyJ0ylSBDLGkAFRmDBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTByYTFkamo3BHBndANhdHdfd2ViX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDdGFicw--/\"VideoHYPERLINK\"http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyJ0ylSBDLGkAFhmDBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTByYTFkamo3BHBndANhdHdfd2ViX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDdGFicw--/\"Audio11 - 20of 181Results forfreedmansocietyand Offensive content filter:seminolenegroindians On-OffWeb Results(What's this?)The SeminoleTribe, Running From HistoryApril 21, 2002. The SeminoleTribe, Running From History. By BRENT STAPLES. ylviaDavis of Shawnee, Okla., is as near to royalty as a SeminoleIndian can get. Ms. ... called it \"aNegrowar . . . not an Indian ... integrated Seminolesociety.All the Oklahoma tribes weredivided into \"freedmen\" and \"blood Indians... The so-called freedmanwere given land ...more hits from:http://www.racematters.org/seminolesrunningfromhistory.htm - 11 KBAMERICAN INDIANMurderball. Spain's later Solucion Americans involved the shipping of Gypsy slaves to itscolony in 18th century Louisiana. An Afro-Gypsy community today lives in St. ... this familywas not Negro, but pure-blooded Carthaginians (2 ... some of my white relatives killedIndians.I just wonder ... a bounty hunter, hunting Indianswho had stolen horses from ...more hits from:http://www.angelfire.com/tn3/youngeagle/AMERICAN_INDIANbook.htm- 226 KBPeace Corps Online | April 21, 2002: Headlines: COS - Sierra Leone: Black Studies:Anthropology: Native American ...... called it \"a Negrowar . . . not an Indian ... integrated Seminolesociety. All the Oklahomatribes were divided into \"freedmen\" and \"blood Indians... The so-called freedmanweregiven land ...more hits from:http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2025265.html - 33KBAssignments... Evolution of Cherokee Society, Theda Perdue, E ... SeminoleNegro, Jeff Guin, E185.93 F5G85. Other. Chickasaw Freedman,Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr., E99 C55 L57. Powhatan Indians...more hits from:http://faculty.washington.edu/wrightm/AIS316/assignments.html - 10 KBfreedmanmembers of the five civilized tribes
... Negro-Indian Relations ... to Indians. Cherokee Freedman... SeminoleCensus Roll.1897 (Oklahoma Historical Society). This census lists only names, arranged by bands,including the freedman...more hits from:http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/roots-l/genealog/genealog.5tribes - 25 KBSociety- Ethnicity - African - African-American - History - Newsletter - News - Reviews -Education - Ratings... Top : Society: Ethnicity : African : African-American ... Ploski and Warren Marr's TheNegroAlmanac (New ... Black Indiansof the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, andSeminoleNations. ...more hits from:http://www.banner-net.com/Society/Ethnicity/African/African-American/History - 82 KBTracing trails of blood on ice, by Willard B. JohnsonNegroHistory Bulletin, Jan-Dec 2001 p9(10) Tracing trails of blood on ice: commemorating\"the Great Escape\" in 1861-62 of IndiansandBlacks into Kansas. Willard B. Johnson.more hits from:http://www.weyanoke.org/hc-trails.html - 46 KBLEST WE FORGET... KATARINA WITTICH'S THE WILD WEST OF THE SEMINOLENEGROINDIAN SCOUTS ...AMERICAN INDIANS. CIVIL WAR IN INDIAN TERRITORY ... FARMERS. FREEDMANANDSOUTHERN SOCIETYPROJECT. FORGING THE ...more hits from:http://www.coax.net/people/lwf?CFID=859747&CFTOKEN=89791058 -37 KB[FHStoday] Re: More Black Seminoles... called it \"a Negrowar . . . not an ... Seminolesociety.> All the Oklahoma tribes weredivided into \"freedmen\" and > \"blood Indians... so-called freedmanwere given land ...more hits from:http://list.webengr.com/pipermail/fhstoday/2002-April/000698.html -70 KBKY:Historical Society- Historical Marker Database - Search for MarkersKentucky's Home for History ... campaign against Indians. Presented by Kentucky BaptistHistorical Society.... 1874 by Alfred Berry, a freedman.Other Berrytown ... president ofNational NegroBar Association, beginning ...more hits from:http://kentucky.gov/kyhs/hmdb/MarkerSearch.aspx?mode=County&county=56 - 202 KB Freedman Members of the Five Civilized Tribes Background By Dr. Dan Littlefield General Information
Author Title and Publisher Subject Matter1. Abel, Annie Heloise The American Indian This work was one of as Slaveholder and the first studies to Secessionist. treat the slaveholding Cleveland: Arthur H. tribes. It has recently Clark Company , 1915. been reprinted by the University of Nebraska Press.2. Foster, Laurence Negro-Indian This is a reprint of an Relations in the early Ph.D. Southeast. New York: AMS Press, dissertation and the pioneering regional 1978. study of those tribes that were later removed to Indian Territory.3. Porter, Kenneth The Negro on the Though this work puts Wiggens. American Frontier. much of its emphasis New York. Arno Press, on the Seminoles, 1971. Porter deals with tribes indigenous to the Southeast and treats their history in the post-removal period.4. Wright, J. Leitch, Jr. The Only Land They This is a general study Knew. New York: The of slavery and Free Press, 1981. explores the contact between Indians and blacks in the slavery system, demonstrating that the legalities of servitude often made little or no distinction
between Indians and blacks.Cherokee Freedmen5. Halliburton. R., Jr. Red Over Black: Black This poorly written Slavery among the study emphasizes the Cherokee Indians. post-removal period. Greenwood Press, 1977.6. Perdue, Theda. Slavery and the This is an excellent Evolution of Cherokee study of the way the Society, 1548-1866. Cherokees adopted the Knoxville: University institution of slavery of Tennessee Press, and practiced it from 1979. the colonial period to the Civil War.ChickasawFreedmenNo detailed history of slavery among the Chickasaws has been written.Choctaw Freedmen7. Littlefield, Daniel F., \"The Beams Family: This is a study of a Jr., and Mary Ann Free Blacks in Indian remarkable family's Littlefield. struggle against slave Territory.\" The Journal of Negro hunters and their History 41 (January physical and legal efforts to survive. 1976): 17-35.
No detailed history of slavery among the Choctaws has been written. CreekFreedmen8. Littlefield, Daniel F., Africans and Creeks. This work presents a Jr. Westport, CT: history of black creek Greenwood Press, contact from the 1979. colonial period to the Civil War.9. Porter, Kenneth The Negro on the Wiggens. American Frontier. See above.10. Wright, J. Leitch, Creeks and This work details the Jr. Seminoles: The role of people of Destruction and African descent in the Regeneration of the history of the Creeks Muscogulge People. and Seminoles Linclon: University of primarily in the Nebraska Press, 1986. pre-removal period, with some emphasis, however, on the post-removal and post-Civil War period.SeminoleFreedmen11. Klos, George E. \"Black Seminoles in This adds little new Territorial Florida.\" information to Southern Historian 10 previous studies. (1989): 26-42.
12. Klos, George E. \"Blacks and the This adds little new Seminole Removal information to Debate, 182 1 -1835.\" Florida Historical previous studies. Quarterly 68 (1989): 55-78.13. Littlefield, Daniel Africans and This work explores F. Jr. Seminoles. Westport, slavery and other relationships between CT: Seminoles and blacks Greenwood Press, from the late 1977. eighteenth century to the American Civil War. Reprinted at the end of this work are a number of lists of slaves with varying amounts of biographical information.14. Opala, Joseph \"Seminole-African This work adds little Relations on the new information to Florida Frontier,\" previous studies. [University of Oklahoma] Papers in Anthropology 22 (Spring 1981): 11-51.15. Porter, Kenneth The Negro on the See aboveWiggens. American Frontier. .16. Watts, Jill. \"We Do Not Live for This work is Ourselves Only\"', interesting for its Seminole Black attempt to look at events from the Perceptions and the blacks' perspectives. Second Seminole War.\" UCLA Historical
Journal 7 (1986): See above. 5-28.17. Wright, J. Leitch, Creeks and Seminoles. Jr.Freedman Members of the Five Civilized Tribes: Published Histories Cherokee Freedmen18. Gammon, Tim. \"Black Freedmen and This is a very general the Cherokee Nation.\" study. Journal of American Studies II (December 1977): 357-364.19. Gammon, Tim. \"The Black Freedmen This is a very general of the Cherokee study Nation.\" Negro History Bulletin 40 (July-August 1977): 733-735.20. Littlefield, Daniel The Cherokee This work traces the F., Jr. Freedmen. Westport, history of the CT: Greenwood Press, Cherokee Freedmen 1978. from emancipation to Oklahoma statehood. Chickasaw Freedmen2 1. Littlefield. Daniel The Chickasaw This work traces the F., Jr. Freedmen. Westport, history of the CT: Greenwood Press, Chickasaw Freedmen 1980. from emancipation to Oklahoma statehood. Choctaw Freedmen22. Flickinger, Robert The Choctaw Though a history ofElliott. Freedmen and the region and education,
Story of Oak Hill this work is extremely Industrial Academy. valuable for the Fonda, IA: Journal and number of Times Press, 1914. photographs of Choctaw Freedman it contains.*[No detailed history of the Choctaw Freedmen has been written.] Creek Freedmen23. Debo, Angie. The Road to This History of the Disappearance. Creeks, while not Norman: University of emphasizing the Oklahoma Press, history of the Creek 1967. Freedmen, contains much information about the role of blacks, particularly in Creek politics.*[No detailed history of the Creek Freedmen has been written.] Seminole Freedmen24. Bateman, Rebecca \"'We're Still Here\"': Ph.D.diss.. Johns Hopkins University,Belle. History, Kinship, and 1991. Group Identity among the Seminole Freedmen of Oklahoma.\"25. Opala, Joseph A Brief History of the The title indicates the Seminole Freedmen. depth of this work, but African and it brings the Seminole Afro-American Freedman history Studies and Research
Center Papers: Series down to recent 2, Number 3. Austin: decades. University of Texas, 1980.Freedman Members of the Five Civilized Tribes: Family History Resources Five Civilized Tribes26. National Archives The Final Rolls of Arranged by tribe, Microfilm Citizens and Indians by blood, freedmen, minor and Publications, Freedmen of the Five newborn (both Indian Microcopy T529. Civilized Tribes and freedman), the rolls list roll number, age, sex, blood quantum, position in the family, and census card number.27. (National Archives Enrollment Cards for The enrollment cards Microfilm the Five Civilized provide much valuable Tribes, 1898-1914 information: name of Publications, each family member, Microcopy Ml 186). age, family relationship, sex, tribal enrollment of parents, owners' names of former slaves, names of parents, parents' tribal enrollment, parents' owners if they were slaves, other rolls on which their names appear, aliases or changes in names.
28. (National Archives Application Jackets Information varies but Microfilm for the Five Civilized often includes Publications, Tribes evidence submitted to Microcopy M 130 1). support applications, affidavits, marriage and other records, and transcripts of testimony. Some jackets contain hundreds of pages of information, others very little. There are also jackets for those applications labeled \"Doubtful.\" 29. (National Index to Rejected This index to theArchives--Southwest Applicants application jackets ofRegion, Film 7RA-24) the Five Civilized Tribes (those ultimately rejected) may be incomplete. 30. Office of the Chickasaw Freedmen This extensive file is Secretary of the mislabeled. It contains Interior. Indian huge quantities ofTerritory Division. information about the freedmen of various Special Files. tribes and includes(National Archives). correspondence, affidavits, and testimony that contain much personal and family information. 3 I. (Oklahoma Records of the Dawes This extensive file ofHistorical Society). Commission records of the Dawes Commission contains much information
about freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes. 32. (Oklahoma Indian-Pioneer These 106 volumesHistorical Society . History contain the bound transcripts of WPA interviews with Oklahoma residents in the late 1930s. Included are many freedman family histories and biographies. The Historical Society maintains a card index to the content of the volumes. 33.Angela Y. The Frontier The Premiere Issue Walton-Raji, Freedman's Journal: (Spring 1992) publisher, 305 N. An African American Chapel Gate Lane, contained informationBaltimore, MD 21229. Genealogical & on family history, (410) 525-0099. Historical Journal of census records, and genealogical the South, Indian resources. Territory. and the SouthwestCherokee 34. (Oklahoma List of Freedmen Arranged by district,Historical Society, entitled and the census lists name, Film DC42). exercising citizenship age. and sex. The in the Cherokee Canadian District Nation. Authenticated census does not Roll, 1880 indicate family groups, but the census of the other eight districts indicates households
by double spacing between groups of names. 35. (Oklahoma Citizens and This census, arrangedHistorical Society). Freedmen of the by district, lists name, Cherokee Nation, age, sex, and color. 1867 36.Office of Indian Letters Received These letters relate to Affairs. Records Relating to Cherokee both general issues Citizenship. 1875-89 and to individualRelating to Cherokee claims relating toCitizenship. (National citizenship. They are arranged by year and Archives). then file number. 37. Office of Indian Affidavits. 1889-90 These affidavits relate Affairs. Records to applications for enrollment taken byRelating to Cherokee John W. Wallace and Citizenship. are grouped according(National Archives). to status. The groupings include Free Negroes (free at the start of the Civil War), Admitted Cherokee Freedmen, Authenticated Cherokee Freedmen, and Rejected Cherokee Freedmen. The affidavits contain much family history. 38. Office of Indian Affidavits of These affidavits were Affairs. Records Questioned Cherokee submitted to AgentRelating to Cherokee Citizenship. Freedmen. 1889-91 Leo E. Bennett at(National Archives). Muskogee for further investigation. Included
are affidavits from applicants and witnesses, arranged alphabetically by surname of the applicant. 39. Office of Indian Affidavits. 1891-1892 These affidavits were Affairs. Records from applicantsRelating to Cherokee rejected by Wallace. Citizenship. They include affidavits(National Archives). from applicants and witnesses and are arranged alphabetically by surname of the applicant. 40. Office of Indian Affidavits. 1893 These affidavits from Affairs. Records applicants forRelating to Cherokee Cherokee citizenship Citizenship. were submitted to(National Archives). Special Commissioner Marcus D. Shelby and include statements from both admitted applicants and rejected applicants. They are arranged roughly in alphabetical order according to the initial letter of the surname. 41. Office of Indian Drafts of Census Rolls. These are various Affairs. Records 1889-90 drafts of the WallaceRelating to Cherokee Roll. See below. Citizenship.(National Archives)
42. Office of Indian Wallace Rolls. 1890 Among the categories Affairs. Records of citizens are AuthenticatedRelating to Cherokee Citizenship. Freedmen, Admitted Freedmen, Rejected(National Archives). Freedmen, and Free Negroes. Entries list name, age, sex, residence, and other information. Arranged by district, names are then in alphabetical order by initial letter of the surname of the head of household. 43. Office of Indian Supplementary These rolls are Affairs. Records Census Rolls. Bennett's revision ofRelating to Cherokee 1891-92. Wallace's rolls. Citizenship.(National Archives). 44. Office of Indian Indexes to Revised This two volume Index Affairs. Records copies of Wallace Roll is to the RevisedRelating to Cherokee Citizenship. of Cherokee Wallace Rolls (see(National Archives). Freedmen. ca. below). Names for 1890-93 Authenticated Freedmen and Admitted Freedmen appear in inks of different color. 45. Office of Indian Revised Copies of These are the Wallace Affairs. Records Wallace Rolls. ca. Rolls as revised by the 1890-96 (NationalRelating to Cherokee Bureau of Indian Citizenship. Archives). Affairs.- They do not include names of rejected applicants as appear in other
versions of the rolls. Some of the six volumes have name indexes. 46. Office of Indian Roll of Cherokee Affairs. Records Freedmen. 1896-97. This file contains one (National Archives).Relating to Cherokee volume and some Citizenship. unbound papers. The roll, known as the Kern-Clifton roll, lists both authenticated and admitted freedmen. Names appear in family groups, followed by position in the family, age, sex, district of residence, and other information. 47. (Oklahoma Cherokee--Freedmen I the documents in thisHistorical Society) (Tahlequah) huge set of Cherokee national records can be found, among other documents, lists of freedmen admitted to Cherokee citizenship by the Cherokee Supreme Court in 1871 and lists of those rejected. Also included are affidavits filed during the 1870s by freedmen whose citizenship was challenged for one reason or another. These affidavits
include age, names of former owner, place of residence, and location during the Civil War. 48. (Oklahoma Cherokee--Citizenship This vast file ofHistorical Society). Tahleguah) Cherokee national records contains much freedman material, including affidavits of claimants for citizenship, which contain much family history. 49. (Oklahoma Cherokee--Intruders This huge file ofHistorical Society). (Tahlequah) Cherokee national records contains much freedman material, including affidavits of many declared intruders by the Cherokee Nation. Affidavits give age, names of family members, former owners, and movements during and after the Civil War.50. Office of Indian Report of Box 4 contains the Affairs. Appraisement of records of many blacks Improvements of(National Archives). Cherokee Intruders. who claimed right to Cherokee citizenship 1893-95 by virtue of former slavery in the Cherokee Nation and others who claimed
right by intermarriage. Records give the name, age, family members, history of residency in the Cherokee Nation, location of property, description, including the number of structures, acres under fence, crops, orchards. and other non-movable property. 51. (Oklahoma Cherokee Volume This volume containsHistorical Society). 475. Cherokee 351 cases presented 52. (Oklahoma Freedmen Rejected before the DawesHistorical Society) Cases Commission. It lists the applicant's address, former owner, parents, and children. Information varies. Cherokee. Volume This volume contains 480. Cherokee the entries for 650 applicants for Freedmen Doubtful Cases Cherokee citizenship filed before the Dawes Commission. Information on each applicant varies but usually contains names of family members, with ages and sex, and post office address, and sometimes includes names of attorneys,
parents, witnesses examined, and former owners. 53. (Oklahoma Cherokee Volume This volume is aHistorical Society). 474. Cherokee continuation of the 54. Sober, Nancy Freedmen Doubtful volume above, Hope. Cases containing cases 651 through 1300. The Intruders: The Ponca City: Cherokee Illegal Residents of Books, 199 1. In the Cherokee Nation, addition to a chapter 1866-1907. on the black intruders, the book contains an appendix that includes extensive lists of intruders and of persons readmitted to the Cherokee rolls, including freedmen.Chickasaw55. Hastain, E Index to 1908. Freedman Choctaw-Chickasaw allotments are listed by Deeds and Allotments. name, tribal affiliation, Muskogee: E. Hastain, roll number, and location of allotment.(Oklahoma Historical 56. 1890 Census of Report of Appraisement of Society, Film Pickens COUNTY Improvements of CKN1) Cherokee Intruders.57. (Oklahoma Historical 1890 Census of same information as the Society, Tishomingo County one above Film CKNI).
Choctaw58. Hastain, E . Index to See above. Choctaw-Chickasaw Deeds and Allotments.59. Office of Indian Rolls of Choctaw Freedmen. These rolls, arranged byAffairs. Other Records 1885. district, contain lists ofRelating to Enrollment freedmen admitted to of Choctaw citizenship asthe Five Civilized well as those listed asTribes. (National doubtful. Entries listArchives). name, position in the family, nationality of parents, former master's name, acres cultivated, livestock (cattle, horses and mules. hogs, sheep, and goats). 60. (Oklahoma Chickasaw Volume 83 Though labeled aHistorical Society). Chickasaw record, this volume is the minutes of the Choctaw enrolling commission (1885) in Goodland, Caddo, Boggy Depot. and First District, Choctaw Nation. Information for applicants varies but often includes such details as aliases, family relationships, names of former owners, acres improved, and livestock owned.
6 1. (Oklahoma Choctaw Freedman Census, This census records headHistorical Society, Film First District, 1885 of family, wife and CTN7). (Choctaw Volume 355) children, nationality of parents, and former owner.62. (Oklahoma Roll of Freedmen Who information as that above.Historical Society, Film Elected to Leave the Nation,CTN7). This census 1885-1886, Firstlists the same District (Choctaw Volume 355)63. (Oklahoma Freedmen Whose Title to This census lists names, children, and formerHistorical Society, Film Citizenship Is Doubtful. Red owner.CTN7). River County, 1885 (Choctaw Volume 355) 64. (Oklahoma FreedmenWho Elected to This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film Leave the Nation, Second information as that above. CTN7). District, 1885 (Choctaw Volume 355a) 65. (Oklahoma Freedman Rolls, Second This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film District-I 885 (Choctaw information as 63 above. CTN7). Volume 36 1) 66. (Oklahoma Roll of Freedmen Whose This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film Citizenship Is Doubtful. information as 63 above. CTN7). Third District, 1885 (Choctaw Volume 373) 67. (Oklahoma Freedmen Who Elected to This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film Leave the Nation, Third information as 63 above. Judicial District 1885 CTN7). (Choctaw Volume 374) 68. (Oklahoma Freedman Rolls, Third This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film District.1885 (Choctaw information as 63 above. CTN7). Volume 375)
69. (Oklahoma Minutes of the Citizenship This census lists names,Historical Society, Film Committee, Choctaw ages, and former owners. Nation, Freedmen. CTN7). 1885 (Choctaw Volume 432)70.(Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen. This census lists name ofHistorical Society, Film Boktuklo County (Choctaw adult, age, marital status,CTN7). Volume 452) and other information.71. (Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen. This census lists name ofHistorical Society, Film Eagle County (Choctaw adult, age, sex, andCTN7). Volume 456) marital status. 72. (Oklahoma This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film 1896 Census of Freedmen. information as that Kiamichi County (Choctaw above. CTN7). Volume 464)73.(Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen. This census lists the sameHistorical Society, Film Red River County (Choctaw information as 71 above.CTN7). Volume 464) 74.(Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen. Freedmen are listed byHistorical Society, Film Skullyville, San Bois and families with names and CTN7). Tobucksy ages. Counties (Choctaw Volume 482)75. (Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen, This census lists adults and some children, withHistorical Society, Film Towson County (Choctaw age, sex, and maritalCTN7). Volume 477) status.76. (Oklahoma 1896 Census of Freedmen, Names are arranged byHistorical Society, Film Wade County (Choctaw family, with age, sex, andCTN7). Volume 479) marital status.77. (Oklahoma Freedmen Admitted to This record includes the census of Kiamichi,Historical Society, Film Citizenship. Third Judicial Jackson, Blue, Atoka, andCTN7).
District, 1897 (Choctaw Jacks Forks Counties, Volume 382) listing both adults and children, with age. nationality of parents, former owner and other information.Creek78. Campbell, J. B. Camlpbell's Abstract Phoenix Job Printing of Creek Freedman Company, 1915. The Census Cards and abstract contains each Index. Muskogee: member's roll and census card number, post office, date of enrollment, age, sex, position in the family, names of father and mother. The index includes all names and is far superior to the government's index to the final rolls, which lists only the names of allottees.Seminole 79. (Oklahoma Seminole Census Roll. This census lists onlyHistorical Society). 1897 names, arranged by bands, including the freedman bands. Note: names of family members will appear in different bands, in which membership
was determined by the mother.80. Campbell, J. B. Campbell's Abstract of Though the title does Seminole Indian not indicate it, the Census Cards and abstract and index Index. Muskogee: include freedmen as Oklahoma Printing well as Seminoles by Company, 1925. blood. The abstract contains each member's roll and census card number, post office, date of enrollment, age, sex, position in the family, names of father and mother. The index includes all names and is far superior to the government's index to the final rolls, which lists only the names of allottees. 8 1. Office of the Indian Territory This file contains much Secretary of the Division. biographicalInterior. (National information in Special Files. affidavits and Archives). Seminole Roll transcripts of evidence taken during creation of the final roll of the Seminoles. Included are extensive files on the Seminole Freedmen.This information was Prepared by Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr.
for War and Reconstruction in Indian Territory: A History Conference in Observance of the 130th Anniversary of the Fort Smith Council, Fort Smith, Arkansas September 14-17, 1995 American Indian Scholarships A.T. Anderson Memorial Scholarship Program Amount: $1000 for undergraduates, $2000 graduateDeadline June 1 : Criteria: Applicant must be a full-time student at the undergraduate or graduate level, attending an accredited 4-year college or university or a 2-year college leading to a 4year degree, a member of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society who can furnish proof of tribal enrollment and majoring in health sciences, engineering, science, natural resources, mathematics, business, or math and science secondary education. Recipients are selected on the basis of academic achievement, leadership potential, financial need, and commitment to helping other American Indians.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Science and Engineering SocietyScholarship Department
5661 Airport BoulevardBoulder, CO 80301(303) 939-0023Email: [email protected] Adolph Van Pelt Scholarships Amount: $500-$800Deadline May 1 : Criteria: Applicants must be Native American students interested in undergraduate or graduate education. Applications include an essay (1-2 pages) describing educational goals, a budget of educational costs and resources, a copy of a certificate of at least one-quarter Indian blood or of registration with a federally-recognized Indian tribe, and the most recent transcript. Scholarship amounts are $500 for the first year, $600 for the second, $700 for the third, and $800 for the fourth. Monies are paid directly to accredited educational instiutions to be used for tuition, books, and other academic-related expenses.To request an application or for more information please contact:Association of American Indian Affairs, Inc.Scholarship CoordinatorP.O. Box 268Sisseton, SD 57262(605) 698-3998 AISES Scholarship AwardAmount: $500 - $1,000Deadline March 1 :
Criteria: Must be at least one quarter Native or Alaska Native, an AISES member, and a high school senior or college undergraduate with interest in science, math, or engineering disciplines.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Science & Engineering Society1310 College AvenueSuite 1220Boulder, CO 80302 Al Qoyawayma Award Amount: $2,000 per yearDeadline June 15 : Criteria: Awarded to undergraduate, American Indian students studying Science, Engineering and Arts.To request an application or for more information please contact:George Bird Grinnell American Indian Children's FundBox 47HRD #1Dover Plains, NY 12522(914) 877-6425 Al Qoyawayma Award For Excellence In Arts and Science Amount: $1500 stipendDeadline June 1 : Criteria: Applicant must have applied for the A.T. Anderson Memorial Scholarship Program and have met the following requirements: be a full-time student at
the undergraduate or graduate level, a member of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society, at least one-quarter Indian, in financial need and pursuing a double major in science or engineering and a degree in the arts.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Science and Engineering SocietyScholarship Department5661 Airport BoulevardBoulder, CO 80301(309) 939-0023Email: [email protected] Alaska Native Brotherhood Association Amount: Varies Deadline: Unknown Criteria: Awarded to Alaskan Native undergraduate students in General Education.To request an application or for more information please contact:Alaska Native Brotherhood Association318 WilloughbyJuneau, AK 99801(907) 474-7256 All Indian Pueblo Council Scholarship Grant Program Amount: VariesDeadline February 1 : Criteria: Enrolled and verified members of the following Indian Pueblos: Cochiti, Jemez, Sandia, and Santa Ana. Applications must be accompanied by an
official transcript of the last school attended (high school/college). A letter of admission from an accredited college or university, 2 letters of recommendation, a certificate of Indian blood, a certificate of tribal verification, and a copy of the student's eligibility for a federal Pell Grant that shows financial need and that the applicant has exhausted all other possible sources of aid. Deadlines are February for the summer/fall terms and October for the spring term.To request an application or for more information please contact:All Indian Pueblo Council Scholarship Grant ProgramScholarship Program3939 San Pedro NE, Suite DPO Box 3236Alburquerue, NM 87190(505) 884-3820Fax: (505) 883-7682 All Nations Alliance for Minority Participation (AMP) Amount: VariesDeadline Unknown : Criteria: Awarded to members of federally recognized tribes working toward a BS in Science, Engineering or Math.To request an application or for more information please contact:Salish-Kootenai College (phone1) or Montana State University (phone2)(406) 675-4800 or ( 406) 994-5553 American Indian Heritage Foundation Scholarships Amount: Varies up to a maximum of $1000Deadline Unknown :
Criteria: Native American high school graduates are eligible to apply if they have been accepted by an institution of higher education, are U.S citizens, demonstrate financial need and provide information on tribal affiliation and grade point average.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Heritage Foundation6051 Arlington BoulevardFalls Church, VA 22044-2788(202) 463-4267Fax: (703) 532-1921 American Indian Scholarship Amount: variesDeadline Unknown : Criteria: Awarded to undergraduate tribal members pursuing the areas of: Forestry, Journalism, Law Pharmacy, Indian Studies.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Studies Program600 University AvenueMissoula, MT 59812(406) 243-5832 American Indian Scholarships Amount: $500 stipendsDeadline July 1 :
Criteria: Native American high school graduates with at least a 2.75 G.P.A. Graduate students are eligible, but preference is given to undergraduates. Deadlines are July for fall term and November for spring term.To request an application or for more information please contact:National Society, Daughters of the American RevolutionScholarship Committee1776 D Street, NWWashington, DC 20006-5392(202) 628-1776 American Indian Special Education Teacher Program Amount: Tuition, Fees and StipendDeadline May 15 : Criteria: Awarded to American Indian Graduate students pursuing a degree in Special Education. Deadlines are May 15 for fall term and November 15 for spring term.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Special Education Teacher Program227 Cedar Bldg.University Park, PA 16802-3109 American Indian Teacher Training Program Amount: Full tuition, Living and StipendDeadline May 15 :
Criteria: Awarded to Federally recognized tribal members in the following fields: Undergraduate, Master-Gifted Education for Teachers Education, Masters education.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Teacher Training Program2424 Springer DriveSuite 200Norman, OK 73069(405) 364-0656 Arrow Inc. Scholarship Amount: $100Deadline Unknown : Criteria: Awarded to federally recognized tribal members. Must be an undergraduate in general education (emergency funds).To request an application or for more information please contact:Arrow, Inc.1000 Connecticut Ave. N.W.Suite 1206Washington, DC 20036 Association of American Indian Physicians, Inc. Amount: Unknown Deadline: Unknown Criteria: Awarded to Federally recognized tribal members.To request an application or for more information please contact:
Association of American Indian Physicians, Inc.1235 Sovereign RowSuite C-7Oklahoma City, OK 74401(405) 946-7072 Cert Scholarships Amount: $1,000Deadline July 1 : Criteria: Indian high school graduates who are preparing to enter college may enroll in the Tribal Resource Institute in Business, Engineering and Science (TRIBES) program, an intensive 7-week summer college-level math, science, and Indian studies program. TRIBES graduates are eligible to receive these scholarships throughout their undergraduate and graduate education. Also eligible are participants in the Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) Summer Internship Program.To request an application or for more information please contact:Council of Energy Resource TribesStudent Services Coordinator1999 Broadway, Suite 2600Denver, CO 80202-5726(303) 297-2378Fax: (303) 296-5960 Cherokee Nation Higher Education Grant Amount: VariesDeadline April 1 : Criteria: Must be a Pell eligible Cherokee Nation Member. Awarded to undergraduate students.
To request an application or for more information please contact:Cherokee Nation Higher Education GrantP.O. Box 948Tahlequah, OK 74465(918) 456-0671 Chicksaw Nation Education Foundation Amount: $200-$350 per semesterDeadline March 1 : Criteria: Awarded to Chicksaw Tribal Members with CDIB. Available at the undergraduate and graduate levels.To request an application or for more information please contact:Chickasaw Nation Education FoundationP.O. Box 1548Ad, OK 74820(405) 436-2603 Chief Manuelito Scholarship Program Amount: VariesDeadline April 1 : Criteria: Enrolled members of the Navajo Nation are eligible to apply if they are graduating high school seniors planning to attend an accredited college or university. Selection is based solely upon college entrance test scores and high school grade point average. Applicants must have the following minimum combinations of ACT score and GPA: 20 and 3.6, 21 and 3.5, 22 and 3.4, 23 and 3.3, 24 and 3.2, 25 and 3.1, or 26 and 3.0.To request an application or for more information please contact:
Navajo NationScholarship and Financial Assistance ProgramP.O. Drawer 1870Window Rock, AZ 86515-1870(520) 871-7640 or ( 800) 243-2956 Eli Lilly Graduate Scholarships Amount: $1,250 stipendDeadline Unknown : Criteria: Chicano and Native American students who are junior or senior undergraduate students accepted to enter graduate school planning to pursue a research degree (M.S. or Ph.D.) in biology or organic chemistryTo request an application or for more information please contact:Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in ScienceUniversity of California at Santa Cruz1156 High StreetSanta Cruz, CA 95064(408) 489-4272Fax: (408) 459-3156Email: [email protected] EPA Tribal Lands Environmental Science Scholarship Amount: $4,000 per yearDeadline June 1 : Criteria: Applicants must be full-time juniors, seniors, or graduate students with a minimum grade point average of 2.5 majoring in biochemistry biology, chemical engineering, chemistry, environmental economics, environmental science, entomology, hydrology, or related environmental disciplines.
*Certificate of Indian blood is not required, but applications must include a 250 word essay on the candidate's personal commitment to environmental protection on tribal lands and a brief statement explaining how and when knowledge of tribal culture was acquired.To request an application or for more information please contact:American Indian Science and Engineering SocietyScholarship Department5661Airport BoulevardBoulder, CO 80301(303) 939-0023Email: [email protected] Florida Employment and Training Program Amount: Tuition and other services are offeredDeadline Unknown : Criteria: Unemployed, underemployed, or economically disadvantaged Native Americans (Native Hawaiians, Alaskan Natives, American Indians)To request an application or for more information please contact:Florida Governor's Council on Indian AffairsP.O. Box 10449Tallahassee, FL 32302-2449(800) 322-9186 Francis C. Allen FellowshipsAmount: VariesDeadline March 1 :
Criteria: Awarded to Federally recognized tribal members who are female and studying at the graduate or Ph.D. in the Humanities and Social Sciences.To request an application or for more information please contact:Francis C. Allen FellowshipsHistory of the American Indian Newberry Library60 West WaltonChicago, IL 60610(312) 943-9090 Health Professions Pre-graduate Scholarship/Indian Health Service Scholarship Amount: Contact agencyDeadline April 1 : Criteria: Alaska Native/Native American students pursuing a degree in pre-professional areas such as pre-medicine, pre-nursing, pre-dentistry, pre-engineering, pre-pharmacy and pre-physical therapy with a minimum GPA of 2.0.To request an application or for more information please contact:Alaska Area Native Health Services250 Gambell StreetAnchorage, AK 99501(907) 257-1408 Knight-Ridder Scholarship for Native American Journalists Amount: $5,000 stipendDeadline March 1 :
Criteria: Native American students interested in pursuing a newspaper journalism career. Recipient must work as a paid intern during the summer at a Knight-Ridder newspaper, and is eligible to apply for other Knight-Ridder scholarshipsTo request an application or for more information please contact:Knight-Ridder, Inc.Linda Fullerton St. Paul Pioneer Press345 Cedar StreetSt. Paul, MN 55101-1057(612) 228-5465 Mae Lasley/Osage Scholarship Fund Amount: $250-$1,000 Deadline: June 30 Criteria: Awarded to Osage Indian at the graduate and undergraduate levelsTo request an application or for more information please contact:Mae Lasley/Osage Scholarship FundP.O. Box 2009Tulsa, OK 74101(918) 587-3115 Miccosukee Indian ScholarshipAcademi 1999-2000 c Year:Amount: UnknownDeadline: Unknown
Criteria: An applicant must be a member or eligible for membership in the Miccosukee Indian Tribe of Florida, meet the State of Florida's general eligibility requirements for receipt of state aid, enroll as either an undergraduate or graduate student at an eligible Florida public or private college or university, demonstrate financial need as determined by the standards established by the tribe, submit an application for this program to the appropriate tribal higher education committee by the deadline specified by the tribe, not owe repayment of a grant under any state or federal grant or scholarship program, and not be in default on any federal Title IV or state student loan program unless satisfactory arrangements to repay have been made.To request an application or for more information please contact:Miccosukee Indian Tribe of FloridaHigher Education CoordinatorP.O. Box 440021Tamiami StationMiami, FL 33144(305) 223-8380 Migzi Communications Amount: $100 Deadline: Unknown Criteria: Awarded to Freshmen American Indians in Media CommunicationTo request an application or for more information please contact:Migzi Communications3123 East Lake St.Suite 200Minneapolis, MN 55406(612) 296-6458 Native American Education Grant
Amount: $200-$1,500Deadline: June 1 Criteria: Awarded to Presbyterian Indian; Aleut or Eskimo at the undergraduate levelTo request an application or for more information please contact:Native American Education GrantPresbyterian Church Financial Aid100 Witherspoon StreetLouisville, KY 40202-1396(502) 569-5760 Native American Scholarship Fund Amount: VariesDeadline Unknown : Criteria: NASF will fund up to 220 Native American Indian students in the fields of math, engineering, science, business, education, and computers. In order to receive a scholarship from NASF, students must apply to all other sources of funding for which they are eligible.To request an application or for more information please contact:Native American Scholarship Fund, Inc.8200 Mountain Road N.E.Suite 203Albuquerque, NM 87110(505) 262-2351Fax: (505) 262-0534Email: [email protected] Seminole Indian Scholarship
Academi 1999-2000 c Year: Amount: UnknownDeadline: Unknown Criteria: An applicant must be a member or eligible for membership in the Seminole Indian Tribe of Florida, meet the State of Florida's general eligibility requirements for receipt of state aid, enroll as either an undergraduate or graduate student at an eligible Florida public or private college or university, demonstrate financial need as determined by the standards established by the tribe, submit an application for this program to the appropriate tribal higher education committee by the deadline specified by the tribe, not owe repayment of a grant under any state or federal grant or scholarship program, and not be in default on any federal Title IV or state student loan program unless satisfactory arrangements to repay have been made.To request an application or for more information please contact:Seminole Tribe of FloridaHigher Education Coordinator6300 Stirling RoadHollywood, FL 33028(954) 966-6300 Seminole Scholarship Academi 1999-2000 c Year: Amount: n/aDeadline: Unknown Criteria: Be a member or eligible for membership in either the Seminole Indian Tribe of Florida or the Miccosukee Indian Tribe. Enroll as either under grad or graduate student at eligible Fl. Needs to demonstrate financial need. Not
owe repayment of a grant under any state of federal grant/scholarship program or be in default on any federal Title IV or state student loan program.To request an application or for more information please contact:Seminole Tribe of FloridaHigher Education Coordinator6300 Stirling RoadHollywood, FL 33024(954) 966-6300Last updated: Thursday, June 08, 2000
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