Ranjit Kumar - Research Methodology

stratified 203–4 systematic 208–9 terminology 194 unit 194 saturation point 213 scattergram 307 schedule, work 237 Schinke, S.P. 244 search engines 37 Selltiz, J. 94 secondary data 163–4 secondary sources 138–9 semi-experimental studies, 106, 113–14 sensitive information 156–8 service delivery, evaluating 335–7 Shinkfield, A.J. 324, 342 simple random sampling 203 snowball sampling 208 Social Sciences Citation Index 35 Solomon, L.C. 324 sponsoring organisation, ethical issues 247–8 stacked bar chart 301 stakeholders 243 statistics and research 308 stem-and-leaf display 304 Stevens, S.S. 74 stratified random sampling 203–4 structured inquiries 11–12 structured interviews 144–5 stub 294 study designs, philosophy oriented 130–3 action research 131–2 feminist research 132 participatory and collaborative research 132–3 study designs in qualitative research 126–30 case study design 126–7 community discussion forums 129–30 focus groups/group interviews 127–8 holistic design 129 oral history design 127 participant observation 128–9 reflective journal log 130 study designs in quantitative research 105–24 before-and-after 107 comparative study designs 120–1 control studies 117–19 cross-over comparative designs 123 cross-sectional 107 double-control designs 119–20 experimental 113–14 longitudinal 110 matched-control designs 121 non-experimental 113–14 placebo design 122 prospective 111–12 random 114 replicated cross-sectional designs 124 retrospective 111–12

retrospective–prospective 111–12 semi-experimental or quasi-experimental 113–14 study population 55–6, 193 definition 55 ethical issues affecting 244–5 evaluating participation 333–5 Stufflebeam, D.L. 324 subject area 46–7 subjectivity 5 summated rating scale 170–4 systematic sampling 208–9 tables 292–5 target population 193 text 292 thematic writing 41 theoretical framework 38–40 Thurstone scale 174 Thyer, B.A. 94 time-frame 237 time-and-motion studies 336 total percentage 297 transferability 185 treatment group 113 trend curve 305 trend studies 124–5 Trochim 185 Twoomey, B.G. 44 Type I error 88 Type II error 88 unit of measurement 62 unstructured inquiries 11–12 unstructured interviews 144–5 validity 178–81 concept 178–9 concurrent 180 construct 180–1 credibility 184–5 dependability 184–5 face 179–80 predictive 180 in quantitative research 179–81 in qualitative research 184–6 transferability 185 types 179–81, 184–6 variables 62–73 active 71–2 attribute 71–2 categorical 72–3 chance 97–8 change 66, 68 and concepts 63–4 connecting 69–70 continuous 72–3 definition 62–3 dependent 66–70

dichotomous 72–3 extraneous 66–8 independent 66–70 intervening 69–70 measurement scales 73–7 outcome 68–71 polytomous 72–3 types 66–73 work schedule 237 working definitions 55–7 Young, P.V. 63