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THE BLUEPRINT DEPARTMENT OF DATA SCIENCE VOLUME : 1 ISSUE: 2 Message from hod Editor’s note Dear Readers, Language is more than a medium of communication amongst Greetings from the Department of humans. It impacts the discussions Data Science, CHRIST (Deemed to in the parliament and trade. It be University), Pune Lavasa Campus! is also the sole power behind the communication between In human society, Languages make machines and humans. What cultures more diverse, and in the language comprises depends on world of technology they form the perspective, but how it impacts the backbone of their existence. To world of Data Science and Economics is purely fact. believe diversity of language and culture is a constraint to form a real globalised world is a myth. If anything, the The second edition of ‘THE BLUEPRINT’ takes a deep dive varied languages help humans improve cognitive abilities into the theme of the Impact of varied languages and and educational outcomes. Knowledge of diverse vocal culture on the realms of data science and economics. languages opens several doors for humans to interact and Centric around the theme, students, scholars and faculty learn about several cultures. As engineers, knowledge of have together penned down their observations, ideas several coding languages is necessary to evolve and grow and hopes to bring together the newsletter. Several of in the field. these trends are observed and highlighted creatively. The editorial team has curated this edition with the aim This theme was explored in this edition. I congratulate the to celebrate the diversity of languages both amongst editorial team for brilliantly coming up with the second humans and machines. I congratulate the entire team of issue of the newsletter. I hope they carry on the enthusiasm ‘THE BLUEPRINT’ for putting together this edition with this in future editions too. intention in mind. All the Best! Kritica Bisht Dr Samiksha Shukla CODE IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD Sowbarnickha Sivarajan All of the human race is divided and united by languages of China’s Metoo movement is a solid testament to this fact all kinds, sometimes even due to dialects. Similarly, it is not where many Chinese women came forward with testimonies uncommon for people to say that they are proficient in many about harassment and how their complaints had been languages, including Python or Java, unironically. They do disregarded continuously on social media platforms such as differ when we use language to express a strong emotion or, Weibo and WeChat. However, the Chinese system enforces a in this case, strong economic well-being. very draconian system of policing content that gets posted It has been substantiated that economic welfare is amplified online. This is also a way China practices trade protectionism as and when members of a particular community speak by only making local websites accessible using Machine the same language. Speaking languages such as English, learning and AI algorithms to efficiently crack down on things Japanese, Mandarin, and German gives an upper hand in that might seem to be very your professional and personal life. But do these languages questionable. For example, overshadow a lot more diversity and inclusion just because the words “Winnie the Pooh” the person next to you speaks the same common language? are taken down as users use Like other living beings, languages get extinct. In fact, an them to draw comparisons to indigenous language gets extinct every 14 days. One might the President, Xi Jinping. The even argue that this proves that language itself is a lifeform, censors took down these posts, and we give life to it. but the post amassed about 5 million supporters even after banning several words from the post temporarily.

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 Words such as “Rice Bunnies” were taken down as the word “Me too” sounded like the words “mi tu” in Chinese directly translating to Rice Bunnies. Soon Rice Bunnies became a popular vocabulary that could take down the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The disconnect over here proved helpful; though the women were initially penalised for expressing their thoughts, their case now stands to be legitimate in the Chinese court of law, which can ultimately put the harassers behind bars. While we have produced effective tools for analysing such types of big data, we lack the direction used to learn its true meaning. In this case, it was favourable, but, in many cases, it is not. This creates a new divide not only among citizens but netizens as well.We are also developing a disconnect amongst an entire culture. Steps are being taken to develop ways for people to interact and algorithms to unite us, including those with indigenous languages. HOW DIVERSE IS DIVERSE ENOUGH? Hitaishi Shivaram The diversity of language and culture is a huge fascination has 27 countrieDsr JwiteitnhdrdaiKffaeursehnikt linguisticsK,ribtiucat Bsitsihlltserves the of how vast and divergent it can be. Every human being is job of eliminating the military threats, conflicts and running entitled to their own identity based on the factors of language, a solid economy because of their contend to conserve their culture, ethnicity, and various other societal diverse variables. multilingualism. Multilingualism is not only an expression All these influential characteristics have been inherited by the of the EU country’s cultural identities but also helps them to above generations, and they all carry their own respective preserve the democracy, transparency, and accountability of customs and mannerisms. The path of discovering and their states. The EU’s multilingual policy highlights three goals, getting to learn about all these seems to be boundless. which encourage language learning and promote linguistic diversity, to give their citizens access to the EU legislation, But how invigorating procedures, and required information in their own languages, is it exactly when all and to promote a multilingual economy. people of different Ultimately, there isn’t any most efficient way of making use of languages, diversities, these societal and ethnic diverse factors unless the collective and ethnicities are cooperation of people comes in and holds a balance amongst made to stay together them all with acceptable governance. and animate a life? The breaking of societal homogeneity can bring about various adverse consequences, which may not exactly be quite optimistic. The religious affiliations also add on a heavy weightage to all these factors. The economic performance seen by many researchers along with high- income inequality has been associated with a significant part of societal instability. As social homogeneity, which generally encourages the formation of social capital, is turned into heterogeneity, the reduced economic performance, in turn, is said to have increased the societal instability. The oppression of minorities may impact political conflicts or civil wars, but a diverse ethnic mix also brings about similar impressions. Language, like various other concerns is in a way directly associated with nationalism and ethnocentrism being very much tied to individuality. However, having different linguistic groups is not necessarily a bad thing as a more diversified environment generally attracts various creative individuals, ventures, businesses, and capital too. Looking into Europe and the European Union (EU), which 2

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 FOR MOST OF HISTORY, Harshitha Vemulapalli, Reiyonna Stephen, Niveditha Annamalai ANONYMOUS WAS A WOMAN Dr Jitendra Kaushik Kritica Bisht Gender discrimination is not an unheard phenomenon. In fact, Followed by her, the assembly programming language, which it is so common that several prominent figures have gone to makes computer programs easier and more reliable, was put a great extent to defend it in the corporate sector. Since 2012, down by Katherine Booth in 1950 for an ARC computer, namely the field of Data Science has seen job growth of 650 per cent. ARC (Automatic Relay Calculator) Assembly programming However, as per the survey conducted by the World Economic language, while she was working at Birkbeck College in the UK. A lot of other programming languages including COBOL, Forum, the Global Gender Gap FORMAC, CLU were developed by women in the field. Report, and BCG research, women In the present, women frequently struggle to properly constitute just about 15% to 22% engage with digital technologies due to a number of causes, out of all data science experts. including cultural biases that discourage women and girls So why are women getting a from adopting technology, lower income levels that hinder smaller piece of the pie? Can women from acquiring digital hardware and software, and we bridge the digital gap and limited educational opportunities. enhance the digital inclusion of Consequently, multiple organisations and communities women? have come up over the years to work towards bridging the Despite being considered a modern and young discipline, gender gap in data and analytics careers. Organisations such the roots and history of data science are way older than that as Women in Data, Women in Analytics, AI Inclusive, WiMLDS of the internet. It has been here for way too long, the only are committed to increasing diversity in the data science difference being, Earlier, this career was considered more or workforce. These organisations provide valuable networking less a clerical and a male-dominated world. and learning opportunities to women who are already a In spite of that, many women have made significant part of the data community or are interested in entering the contributions to the development of society, and the field field. As a part of the WiDS Worldwide Conference, regional of data science, such as Mary Lucy Cartwright, whose work events organised by Stanford University are conducted permitted important practical advancements to radio in more than 150 locations worldwide to raise awareness amplifiers used for communication during World War ll about data science and career opportunities for women in and Katherine Johnson, who assisted in calculating when the field. For instance, this year’s conference was held on 8 and where should the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission be March 2022 on the occasion of International Women’s Day. launched in 1969. Such conferences, talks by prominent female data scientists, Many more women have had a lasting and prominent workshops, hackathons and a plethora of other events hosted influence on the development of programming languages by various data and women-centred organisations seek to which are cited as the most salient feature of data science. support and inspire more women across the globe to take up As a matter of fact, Ada Lovelace, was the first computer jobs in technical fields. These collective efforts are a stepping programmer in the world. She was the first to perceive that stone in reducing the severe gender disparity prevalent in the machine had applications beyond calculation and to have the domain as well as in creating trailblazing female data issued the first algorithm considered to be carried out by such professionals who will serve as role models for the next a machine. generation of young women. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ 3

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 TO PRESERVE THE OLD, Kritica Bisht WE NEED THE NEWEST TECHNOLOGIES IN NLP In Conversation with Dr Fr Jossy P George from Dr George’s perspective, it can help to analyse what parts of the language have evolved with time and get objective Today everything expressed verbally or in the text is a source data before forming questions or deciding on the model. of information. What you say, how you speak, and what words Additional cultural pieces of information can help assess and you express carries information that can add up to form minimise errors due to natural reasons. insights when interpreted correctly. While training any model, the common conception is that What started as a test integration of Artificial Intelligence and larger the data, the more accurate the model is. When asked Linguistics is today a booming industry that can understand how to deal with a research study if the data source is small, and even predict human behaviour using the words and Dr George advised NLP researchers to get highly relevant and the accent one uses. Natural Language Processing (NLP) optimised responses from the sample set present, no matter is the realm of study that uses Artificial Intelligence to give if it is small. According to him, it is a combination of modelling machines the ability to read, understand and derive meaning and stabilisation. A smaller size of the stabilised test sample from human languages. might decrease the standard error. As we move towards universal language and mode of Language is not a formula that remains constant forever. It communication, several languages and dialects are growing improves and evolves from time to time. So NLP needs to be extinct. It is the need of the hour to preserve what is left of updated. “According to me, custom models are promising as our rich culture. To preserve this very old culture, we have the they give room for changes and new developments. Once chance to use the newest technologies of NLP. But the path we decide to train the machine, the training must never stop to this preservation is not always easy. With language comes because human life, expressions, and cultural lingo keep dialect, grammar and if it’s endangered, then the source of evolving.” Dr George’s replied to the question regarding the data itself is often questioned. Several of these questions impact of slang on NLP. were answered by Dr Fr Jossy P George, the Dean and Director At the end of it all, there is always one question: which is better of CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus. and more effective: A self-training model or an algorithm- He is an experienced researcher and academician who has induced model. Answering this question, he said that “How guided many PhD scholars in the field of NLP and Artificial algorithm-savvy the class is, which model works for accurate Intelligence. results with the data given, and how rewarding the experience When asked about the impact of regional dialects while is when the training is done by students themselves.” studying any language, Dr George replied, “I think NLP needs Khalid Hosseini has often referred to that language as the key to be backed by several thousand pieces of training data for it that opens the front door of the house called culture and in to work well with regional dialects. We need larger datasets to this tech-savvy world. NLP is becoming the key to the rusted avoid biased results. Look at the subcommunities in India itself doors of culture. There’s variation in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation of a single language, which makes it challenging for data scientists to produce highly accurate NLPs that give generic results. But if you think about it, these challenges help us build better machines. Take Nabiha for example, It is a proposed Arabic dialect chatbot that uses NLP to process cultural phrases.” In the world of NLP, data sources are questioned if they come from an older generation as humans’ power to form grammatically correct sentences decreases over time. But 4

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 ECONOMICS AND THE EFFECT OF LANGUAGES Dr Jitendra Kaushik KriticGa aBuishritka Chopra In his book ‘Basic Economics: A Citizen’s Guide to the India has 24 official languages and a plethora of dialects. Economic’, Thomas Sowell describes that, “Economics is a Stratification of languages in the region has caused inter-state study of cause-and-effect relationships in an economy. Its movement of people in search of employment opportunities. purpose is to discern the consequences of various ways Hindi, a popular language amongst Indians, contributes to of allocating resources which have alternative uses. It 40.22% of the GDP. English plays an important role in business has nothing to say about philosophy or values, anymore and economic transactions. The rapid technology is aiding the than it has to say about music or literature.” Literature is process of learning. Search engines and artificial intelligence essential in a fast-paced world. “Economics of Language” are major contributors to the field. Effective communication is an examination of the factors that determine language and democratisation is helping boost the economy where proficiency results utilising the theories of Economics. An one person is able to understand the other one’s vernacular economical approach to understanding the base of all language. communication is language. Companies are intrigued by Globalisation has caused diverse contributions that aid the relationship between consumerism and language. Firms in developing local businesses, extensive wide-reaching expanding their ventures in other countries wish to break businesses, and multimillion-dollar establishments. It is the language divide to impress their consumers all around essential to evaluate the social structure of society from the globe while promoting goods in their native language. an Economics perspective. Language and economics is an Worldwide marketplace potential due to bilingualism has ever-evolving field facing challenges. Lack of integration, a huge role to play in the world economy. As stated by ‘The methods and theories on the subject reveal the need to Conversation’, statistics show that the United Kingdom loses broaden horizons for the discipline to flourish. Language is approximately 3.5% of its GDP per annum, whereas one in six crucial for interpersonal development or to make decisions businesses are losing out on financial returns in the United in a professional setting. The interrelationship between the States due to lack of cultural awareness, conversational and proficiency in English and the gross national income per literary skills. On the contrary, Switzerland’s GDP constitutes capita is a series that elevates emoluments, which assists 10% of economic value accompanied by successful imports in providing individuals and the government to expend in owing to multilingualism. German corporations that have language coaching. invested steadily in multilingual employees added ten export Quoting Amartya Sen, economic growth lacking investment countries to their market, assisting in the expansion of the in the development of human beings is unprincipled and not global footprint. sustainable for future generations. Gabrielle Hogan-Brun believes that language makes a difference at the large scale level as well for small businesses. A study of small scale businesses all across Denmark, Germany, France and Sweden found that organisations expending funds on more languages could export additional merchandise, increasing earning power. Furthermore, E.F.E.P.I found that an improvement in English proficiency was linked to a growth in per capita income and economic performance studied through the GNI and GDP. The alteration in the functioning of processes associated with decision making is a factor in presenting the proliferation of cross border trade. Multilingualism is not only profitable for business owners but also for the workforce. According to Ryan McMunn with US News predicted that in 2014 job seekers with second language fluency expected a supplemental 10 to 15 per cent increment in earnings. Workers who could fluently communicate with foreign investors in their languages helped gain more capital from abroad. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ 5

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 WHAT DOES TOMORROW HOLD? Dr Jibrael Jos, Associate Professor Pondering 1: Brain Pondering 2: Evolution How does our brain work, how does learning happen? As Sometimes I wonder how food and water flow in the tree a child, it was a blank slate and somewhere we picked up a system. Observe the venation in a leaf, how water reaches sense of the world around us. We made sense of the sight each point in a watermelon or mango. How pomegranate and sounds, we made sense of the fragrances and aroma. We gets so neatly and tightly packed. How the orange is kept interacted with our environments and learnt. uniformly juicy! I would love to teach a course on fruit design or tree engineering. There are so many beautiful evolving designs in nature from the leaves of trees to the eyes of animals. When we look at the evolution of leaves, we realise their adaptation to different conditions is key. Whether it is the difference in temperature, the amount of available water, need to capture sunlight whether in the canopy of the rainforest, in the shade. The rain, wind and snow also have a say. Recently reading online I came across the levels of carbon dioxide that have changed over a million years. Today we find leaves which are big and small, thin and wide, lobbed or with leaflets. The spread of the leaf decides the amount of sunlight the leaf can capture. The edges of the leaf have a say in the water loss. Thickness can decide how much water it can store. Some specialised leaves can become spines, needles, scales and bulbs. What if AI of tomorrow went out and learnt, not just by Can we build AI engineering solutions that can evolve? browsing the internet but by walking around, exploring in the Architectures and Machines which can change with need and playground. Talking to people, waiting at bus stops, missing environment. the bus, listening to stories, by asking questions, getting into What does tomorrow hold? An ever-evolving software and a discussion, an argument. hardware! Neural pathways which remember, which forget, which loves and regrets. How can machines learn ethics without feeling the injustice, learn about culture without feeling the emotions? How can we build an AI which not only speaks Kannada but can learn it on its own? By talking to another robot who knows Kannada and can speak no other language! How did we pick up our mother tongue? How did we learn to dress ourselves up? The possibilities of a deep neural network is at a threshold. Today our data and AI Scientist are teaching, training the NN. Tomorrow maybe the AI mentors will train the young Neural Nets. Today we have: • KNN which clusters • Decision tree which decides • SVM which can be supervised • NN which learns • CNN which classifies • RNN which remember • LSTM which forgets • RBM which learns unsupervised What does tomorrow hold? AI teaching AI! 6

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 ARE ALL PROGRAMMING Harshitha Vemulapalli LANGUAGES BASED ON ENGLISH? Kritica Bisht Most of us would have at least once wondered why programs closer to the Tamil language. It converts the programming languages are generalised in English. The program code into Python Abstract Syntax Tree or AST (is a question appears reasonable at first glance, but there are tree-like representation of an abstract syntactic structure of programming languages that are based on non-English the text written in a language) objects, which it then executes languages, which brings us to this topic: if there are non- as python objects with full access to the Python programming English-based programming languages, where are they now, language environment. However, this language is still under and are they functional? development, with some new and consistent features. As of December 2021, the total world population is 7.9 billion There are other non-English-based programming languages, people, and it continues to grow by the minute, and there are including those developed and widely used in non-English- a total of 7,000 known languages according to the Ethnologue speaking nations, Switzerland’s PASCAL, Denmark’s PHP, (which is a publication that publishes information about the Japan’s RUBY, and Brazil’s Lua well as the Netherlands living languages in the world), and yet English is called the (python) are some great examples. However, these are some “lingua franca” for coding. The question arises as to why this of the only non-English languages that people are familiar is the case. with and utilise. Most of the other non-English programming languages, for example, LSE (language symbolique d’ enseignement – symbolic language for teaching) developed by French-based on french keyboards, died out due to the lack of French knowledge despite having over 70 million speakers. Yes, non-English-based languages exist. They were established by the programmers who intended to break the English barrier and make it easier for native speakers to learn, understand, and complete the programme in a tranquil way. But, since there has not been much awareness or development in these languages, nearly everyone, including myself, came to believe that programming exists only in English. The first and primary reason is that English, as we know, is a Fun Facts consistent and standard language for the majority of people living in this world (There are 67 English-speaking countries • Greater than 0.5 per cent of the data we produce is and 27 non-sovereign entities in all). Another argument is analysed and employed. that the existing non-English based programmes are either underdeveloped or not that functional in comparison to • You will spend most of your time cleaning and English-based ones. preparing data. If we take our country, India, which has a population of 1.38 billion people, there are approximately 5 million developers. • More data does not always mean more accuracy. By 2023, India’s developer population will surpass that of the • Data Scientists earn more than the average IT United States. If there are such copious developers in our country, why don’t we make any programming language employee. in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, or any other Indian language? The • One billion pieces of content is shared via Facebook’s fact remains that we have created programming languages in such native languages, but most of them are not useful. Open Graph every day. Almost all of these languages have keywords in their own • A global survey by Google LLC’s affiliate, Kaggle, language, but syntax remains in English. For example, EZHIL, an interpreted procedural programming shows that 36% of scientists prefer the R programming language based on the Tamil language, Tamil keywords language for data science. and grammar are chosen to make the native Tamil speaker • In 2021, there was 24% in services, 16% in hardware, write programs in the Ezhil system effortlessly. Ezhil uses and 24% in software, in use while there will be 33% logical constructs equivalent to the conditional, break, and in services, 24% in hardware, and a whopping 46% in loop statements in modern English-based programming software use in 2027. languages. In simple terms, it is easy to represent computer CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ 7

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 HOW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Niveditha Annamalai CAUSED LANGUAGE EXTINCTIONDr Jitendra Kaushik Kritica Bisht The world has reached new heights in terms of economic colonisation lost only their resources while their languages development and globalisation since the last century, survived. Nevertheless, when people started migrating to courtesy of the rapid technological evolution that took the developed nations to avail themselves of greater economic world by storm. This has been accompanied by a substantial opportunities, cultural assimilation led to these migrants rise in the reach of certain dominant lingua francas, such as adopting the region’s dominant language. This shift caused English, Mandarin, and Spanish, at the cost of indigenous language attrition as their proficiency in their native language languages, such as Aka-Bo (Andamans), Yurok (California) dwindled, and none or very little of the native tongue was and, Ngandi (Australia). The extinction of native tongues can passed on to the next generations, endangering the language be traced to economic integration. Scientists have discovered and further contributing to its extinction. that the more developed a nation’s economy is, the more its At present, 61% of the native languages spoken in 1795 have languages are endangered. dried out. Currently, we are losing one language every two The dominant languages have successfully managed to weeks, which makes it 26 languages a year. If the extinction become languages of the global economy as they are backed of languages continues at this rate, we will have lost more by the economically developed nations and, consequently, than half of the 7000 languages we speak today by the are vital to international business and trade. Knowing these next century. Along with the languages, the centuries of mainstream languages provided people better access to cultural and intellectual heritage that these languages keep education, jobs, and opportunities. Guatemalan entrepreneur alive will also be lost. Some people argue that the decrease Luis von Ahn established Duolingo as a free English-learning in the number of languages will make its purpose, i.e., app for people who could not afford the expensive English communication, more accessible and that language death medium schooling. is natural. However, counter arguments are aplenty – the Language loss is not a recent phenomenon. Over the foremost being the sense of identity that a language confers years, indigenous languages lost the battle for survival to upon its speaker. colonisation, globalisation, and modernisation. During the As Pamela Serota Cote, a researcher at the University of San early 1900s, Australia, the United States, South Africa, and Francisco, says, native languages lend “cultural and historical Argentina lost their aboriginal languages to settlement meaning.” Hence, the elaborate culture and history that could colonisation. Since colonisation, Australia alone has lost more enrich the speakers’ heritage are also squandered when a than a hundred of its aboriginal languages, with most of the language dies. Thus, it is crucial to revitalise endangered remaining ones now on the brink of extinction. In contrast to indigenous tongues because, to know where we are headed, this, nations – such as India – that experienced exploitative we must know where we come from. 8

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 crossword ACROSS > 1 2. Distinctive manner of oral expression 5. The study of the way in which certain body movements and 2 gestures serve as a form of non-verbal communication 3 6. A common language used by speakers of different languages 4 7. A grammatically simplified form of a language, typically 5 English, Dutch, or Portuguese, some elements of which are taken from local languages, used for communication between 6 people not sharing a common language 8. Language of one individual at a particular period in life 7 89 11. The usage or vocabulary characteristic of a group of people 10 DOWN > 1. A unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another 11 in a particular language 3. Component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning or convey emotion by using techniques such as prosody, pitch, volume, intonation 4. The scientific study of language 9. A word borrowed from another language THE ECONOMICS 10. discourse that surrounds and helps explain a word or passage BEHIND CALLING IT ‘ROTI’ Shubhaansh Kumar Shubh To lay a foundation, let us first understand what is meant by that we get the traditional roti only when we refer to roti as the word ‘language’. Language is nothing but a set of codes chapati. that humans have formulated for their convenience. It’s a This change in demand for close substitutes represents a way to convey our ideas, thoughts, feelings, and expressions short-term spike in demand due to linguistic and cultural through a set of audio-visual cues. differences. This misconception between the economic A slight change in the dialect or pronunciation can led to a agents due to language and cultural differences leads to a completely different meaning. Words which form the basis of short-term spike in demand for commodities that are close communication can also form the basis of miscommunication. substitutes for each other. As the word spreads and the This paradox has a multi fold impact on not only the individual misconception harboured by the people begins to dissipate, but to others. this short-term spike in demand will drown out, and normalcy But to understand the importance of this article, it’s important will be re-established. to understand the relevance of economics. N. Mankiw, the American macroeconomist, defines economics as the study of how a society manages its scarce resources. Economics lays the foundation upon which decisions relating to the allocation of resources are made. Proper distribution can lead to the development of an economy as it allocates the tools and resources to those who can make things out of those resources. When I first arrived at Lavasa, I noticed an economic trend that caused short-term fluctuations in demand for certain commodities. The day we arrived, we ordered food from a restaurant. What we ordered were roti and paneer. Now, what we received was more of naan and less of roti. We managed for three days under the misconception that we do not get roti made from wheat over here. One fine day, we learned CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ 9

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 BEHIND THE MUSIC : LYRICS AND BTS Elsheba D Imagine you are on a road trip and you are in the mood for with songs such as ‘Boy with Luv’ and ‘Dynamite’ with positive some positive-feel good music. You ask Siri to play some music vibes for the future. Despite the language barrier, BTS has that resonates with your feelings and it plays ‘Permission managed to amass a passionate fanbase. The band’s focus on to Dance’. The perfect song to vibe with. While you dance talking about the societal concerns in their music primarily along to the song, you cannot help but also wonder why this demonstrate how powerful storytelling can be through particular song was recommended. Today the advancements lyrics as they are on a journey of self-discovery and bring the in machine learning have made it possible to answer these listeners along with them. Today there are about 100 million songs that exist in the questions. Perhaps the machine world and counting and you can receive auto generated identified the upbeat tempo of recommendations. Streaming platforms such as Spotify the song or the lyrics to predict curate personalised playlists everyday using the insight that it was tailored to your mood. based on the the words and tags that are used to describe Music is language that has been the songs (for e.g classic rock, dance-pop etc) or music used since the beginning of time preference of people with same demographic or the musical to express human emotions. While elements (tempo or instrumentals) or the songs trending at music consists of a complex blend that particular time and place. Fans can discover music similar of sounds, an integral aspect of it to their preference at that specific moment. Can the machine is lyrics. Lyrics can be powerful texts; ideas that came from the detect that not all songs played on the guitar signify happy artist’s mind. mood though or understand the hundred variations behind To deduce relationships between feelings and music, we can the word ‘love’. While machines are closer now than ever to use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to understand human mimic human function but there is still a long way to go. But emotion and sentiment in all data types, even between music say in a couple of years ago, you would probably turn to a and feelings. This is called Sentimental Analysis, a sub branch friend for recommendations and now technology does that of NLP where analysis is done to understand emotions that for you. What if tomorrow all these conversations are replaced are expressed in a text or in this case the lyrics. Through this because a machine can do that for you. Will that be a boon or method, we can draw insight into lyric-based music through bane? analysing texts. Talking about lyrics driving the listener’s emotions, it would be apt to talk about the music of one of the trendiest artists, BTS. The world was taken by storm by the Hallyu wave that swept across the global boundaries. Korean music has gained international fame exponentially over the past few years. At the forefront of the internationalisation of K-Pop is nonze other than the BTS. Ever since their debut, BTS has always spread strong messages to the world with every album by addressing societal issues. Their well-written lyrics contain personal depth and a universal message that resonates with many regardless of age, race or gender, contributing to their huge international success. We can try to understand the meaning of their music from a semantic perspective by looking at the lexicons used by them that tell us about the emotions behind their songs. Their earlier music consisted of a lot of coming-of-age songs where they expressed their insecurity and struggles. Words like ‘dreams’, ‘youth’, ‘loss’, ‘worry’, ‘darkness’ seem to be recurring in them, but also behind them lies a positive message that ‘it will be alright’ with words of self-assurance such as ‘please’, ‘know’, ‘okay’ that can be seen in the School Trilogy. They continued to tackle social issues, which peaked through the ‘Most Beautiful Moments in Life’ and ‘Wings’ Era, which can be seen in the words used in songs such as ‘Dope’, ‘Silver Spoon’ etc. Over the years, these lyrics were changed to assurance of self-love using words like ‘loneliness’, ‘love-yourself’, giving new hope to the listeners, which they concluded in the ‘Love Yourself’ trilogy. The band continued their self-discovery journey in their more recent releases during the persona era 10

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PAST ZAVION ‘21, the Nationwide Col- Objectified, and Avatar required them to put their creativity to use and think out of the box. Economic events such as lege-Level Tech-fest, the brainchild of the Department of Beautiful Minds and The Wolf of Wall Street became a perfect Data Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lava- platform for ideation and analysis. The event’s inaugural sa Campus - “The Hub of Analytics” – premiered on 8 Octo- ceremony was graced by the Chief Guest, Dr Arpan Kar, an ber 2021. Spread across two days with nine exciting virtual Associate Professor in Information Systems in the Department events, it provided a forum for college students from all across of Management Studies, IIT Delhi. He enlightened the attendees with his profound knowledge of Data Science. With over nine events across various domains, ZAVION truly turned out to be a great fest. the country to unlock their potential and showcase their skills. The technical events, such as Mastermind, Parasite, and Moneyball, tested the contenders’ technical mettle. On the other hand, events like The King’s Speech, Back to the Future, IDSCS ‘22, The third edition of the annual plethora of research topics ranging from Data Science, AI, and Machine Learning to Data and Network Security and International Conference on Data Science, Computation Mathematics for Data Science. Filled with informative talks by and Security (IDSCS), was hosted by the Department of international experts and paper presentations by researchers, Data Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Pune the conference proved to be an engaging and informative Lavasa Campus, from 11-12 February 2022. Dr K K Agarwal, one for Data Science enthusiasts from all backgrounds for the Chairperson of the National Board of Accreditation, India, was third time in a row. the esteemed Chief Guest of the conference.The two-day-long virtual gathering saw Data Scientists, Computer Scientists, and Data Security Professionals of diverse nationalities come together to discuss the latest developments that are taking place in the data-driven world. Professor L. M. Patnaik, Adjunct Professor and INSA Senior Scientist, was invited as the Guest Speaker. The conference included a series of keynote talks from eminent speakers across the globe such as Dr Xavier Chelladurai, Fr Dr Joseph Varghese, Dr Bhanumathi K S, Dr Marta Zurek-Mortka, Dr Aninda Bose, Mr Silvio Cesar Viegas, Mr Chih-Yang Lin, and other distinguished speakers. The conference featured vetted paper presentations on a CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ 11

THE BLUEPRINT MARCH 2022 Head of Department Faculty Coordinators Design Lead Dr Samiksha Shukla Mr Akhil Nair Mr Arjun K Ms Elsheba D Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief Sub-Editors Kritica Bisht Srushti Summanvar Sowbarnickha Sivarajan Design and Illustration Aerica Rishiraj Marketing and Promotion Harsh Jain Nunna Shreya Prathna Khanna Kriti Kulranjan Kujur Sandeep Jabez CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Pune Lavasa Campus - ‘The Hub of Analytics’ Toll-free: 1800 123 2009 lavasa.christuniversity.in 12