42 5. Why do you think plants breathe out water? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. When do you think plants breathe out water? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. From the activities, students can see that stoma in plant leaves are shaped like two red beans put together. Surplus water in the trunks or stem of the plants gets transported out through the opened pores (stomata) in the form of water vapor. Stomata can open and close freely and are controlled by the amount of water within the trunks/stems.
43 Activity no. 8.3 Which parts of plants can photosynthesize? Tools 1. Petri dish for germ culture 9. Test-tube fixture 2. Alcohol lamp set 10. Dropper 3. Test tube 11. Various kind of flour 4. Ethanol 5. Beaker 6. Iodine Solution 7. Tweezer 8. Leaves of Chinese Rose or Vinca Procedure 1. Put a small amount of each type of flour in the petri dish. Drop a few drops of iodine solution onto each kind of flour. Record the observations. 2. In a notebook, draw a picture of the Chinese rose or Vinca leaf. Color the picture and write down any observation. 3. Place the leaf in a beaker filled with water. Put the beaker under heat to bring the water to boil for approximately 5 minutes 4. Take out the leaf from the beaker and put them in the prepared test tube. Cover the leaves with ethanol.
44 5. Place the test tube in no. 4 in a beaker fill with water. Bring the water to boil and wait until the leave inside the tube become pale/discolored. 6. Using a tweezer, take out the plant leaf from the test tube. Wash them using water. Place and spread the sample onto the petri dish. 7. Drop iodine solution onto the whole area of the leaf. Record the image by drawing what you see. 8. Compare the picture of the leaf from no. 2 to no. 7. Write down the observed phenomenon. Distill chlorophyll Drop Iodine Solution out of leaves
45 Draw and present the test result The table for recording the test result Characters of each kind of flour Characters of each kind of flour before dropping iodine solution. after dropping iodine solution. Picture of leaf before being boiled. Picture of leaf after being boiled and after dropping iodine solution.
46 Questions after Activity 1. Are there any changes observed after dropping iodine solution onto each kind of flour? If so, please write down the observation. ……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….. 2. What is the change after dropping iodine solution onto the leaves? …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Which parts of plants photosynthesize? How can we know? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
47 Additional knowledge Plants produce energy through a photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis is a process in which energy from sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide gas absorbed by the leaves with water and minerals which are absorbed through the roots of the plants to form sugar and starch. At night, plants will change starch produced back to sugar and is used for the growing process.
48 Flowers Parts of flowers Pistil Stamen Petal Sepal Parts and functions of flowers 1. Sepal is an outer part of a flower. Its shape is in small petals which grow and transform from leaves. In general, sepal is green in color and have a function of protecting the flower bud from insects and preventing dehydration.
49 2. Petals are located next to sepal. Most petals are colorful. Some kinds are fragrant and some kinds have nectar glands at the base of petal to attract insects for pollination. Anther Filaments of Pistil Ovary Filaments of anther Receptacle Ovule 3. Stamen is a male reproductive part of a flower. In a flower, there are many stamens. Stamen is composed of 2 main parts: • Filaments of anther or filaments of Anther stamen Pollen grain • Anther is a form of 2 lobes (cells of male reproduction) connected together. In anther, Filaments of anther pollens i.e. yellow powder which are the male reproductive parts of flower are produced.
50 4. Pistil is a female reproductive part of a flower. It contains female reproductive cells. Pistil is composed of 3 main parts: Stigma - Ovary contains ovules which Styles contains female reproductive cells in plants. Ovary - Style is a stalk of a pistil Ovule - Stigma is a part at the top of a pistil having sticky or hairy Germ form to trap/collect pollen. cells Other parts of a flower: Peduncle Peduncle raises and joins flowers with branches or trunks. Receptacle supports Receptacle sepal, petal, stamen, pistil
51 Flower Classification We can classify flowers into two main types as follows: Perfect flower Imperfect flower A perfect flower has male and An imperfect flower only has female reproductive parts (i.e. one stamen or pistil in the flower. stamen and pistil) in the same flower. Examples of imperfect flowers are Examples of perfect flowers are luffa gourd, pumpkin, coconut and that of rose, lily and lotus. cucumber. Lotus Female and male corn flowers Male pumpkin flower Wax rose Female and pistil of pumpkin flower
52 Activity 9 What are the different parts of a flower? Objective Study characters and parts of different kind of flowers 1. 2-3 types of flowers 2. Razor blade 3. Scotch tape 4. Smart lens 5. Smart phone or tablet Activity 1. Observe the outside shape of each flower. 2. Use a razor blade, cut the flowers in the middle through the receptacle to obtain a symmetric half.
53 3. Draw or paste the halved flowers on the frame below or paste part of each part of the flowers in the frame. Label each part of the flowers. 4. Take photos of flower parts with smart lens. Record test result. Photo showing flower parts
54 Questions after Activity 1. What does each part of the flower look like? Petal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. Stamen………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Pistil……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Ovary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Please describe the differences between different types of flowers? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Conclusion From the experiment, we can observe the following parts of the flowers …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………… ……………………………(Flower type) is perfect flower or imperfect flower. From the activity, you can see the yellow powder stick to your hand if you touch the stamen of the male part of the flower. The yellow powder is called “anther”. When flowers bloom, anthers will release pollen grains. If they try to touch stigma, it will be sticky. Using a magnifying glasses on the stigma, student can observe that the pollen grains get stuck to the stigma.
55 Fruit Fruit is a part of plant which grows and transformed from a fertilized ovary. Seeds can be found inside a fruit. The seeds are grown from the flower’s ovule. Fruit production After fertilization, ovule will grow and change into seeds which store food. The ovary will turn into fruit having a function for seed protection and help propagation. Fruits of some kinds of plants may also carry on some parts of flowers. Examples are mangosteen and pineapple having sepal part of the flower attached.
56 Some kinds of fruits also have a receptacle attached e.g. rose apple, apple.
57 Stages for fruit production 1. Bees suck nectar from an apple flower. Bees carry pollen grains to apple flowers of other apple trees. 2. When pollen falls on a stigma, the stigma will grow a tube going through ovule which is at the receptacle of a pistil. Fertilization occurs. A fertilized ovule will develop within the pistil. 3. Afterwards, the flower will wilt. Petal and pollen grains will fall off. The spectacle of the pistil will grow larger and become a small apple fruit which is green, hard, and sour. There are also seeds within that fruit. 4. Fruit is attached to a branch by stem. If fruit grows completely, the fruit texture will be ripened, and the peel will become red.
58 Summary on fruit production: flower > unripe fruit > ripe fruit 1. Growth stages of apple fruit. 2. Growth stages of tomato fruit. Functions of fruit 1) Cover the seeds and protect them from danger. 2) Take along the seeds wherever the fruit goes.
59 Activity 10 What are the stages of fruit development? Objective Study stages of fruit development Tools Flowers, Ripe fruits, Unripe fruits from Activity e.g. butterfly pea, horse radish tree. Study fruit development and draw photos showing each stage of the development Stages of fruit development……………………………………………………………………… Flower Unripe fruit Ripe fruit
60 Stages of fruit development……………………………………………………………………… Step of flower Step of unripe fruit Step of ripe fruit production production production Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… From the activity, student learn that when stamen and pistil are combined together which is called fertilization, the flower will wilt and fall. The inside part of the flower will become seeds and fruits.
61 Activity 11 Are all fruits the same? Objective Study characteristics of various kinds of fruits Tools 1. 2-3 kinds of fruits 2. A peeling knife Activity Cut each fruit in half. Record observation of the inside of the fruit in the table below Table for recording observation of the different kinds of fruits Name: ………………………….….. Name: ………………………….….. Name: ………………………….….. Name: ………………………….…..
62 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… From the activity, students can see that fruits of lemons, oranges, grapes are full of juice. They are called fresh fruits. For fruits such as rice and chestnut have only a small amount of water, they are called dry fruits.
63 Seed Seed is a part of the plant which grows from an ovule. Its function is for reproduction. Parts of seed Embryo Collected nutrient Seed coat Parts and functions of seed A seed is consisted of 3 primary parts: 1. Seed coat protects the seed from danger, it is thick and hard. On the seed coat, there is a small opened hole which is the way for water to enter in and stimulate seed growth.
64 2. Embryo is a part which will become a new stem. Embryo is consisted of Cotyledon, Plumule, and Radicle. There will be two cotyledons in a dicotyledon while there will be one cotyledons in a monocotyledon. 3. Endosperm is a part which collects nutrients for the embryo. Most of the nutrient is in the form of starch with a small amount of protein and fat. AAdddditiiotniaolnkanolwklendogwe ledge Seeds of some kinds of monocotyledon like coconut collect food both in solid form (coconut meat) and liquid form (coconut juice).
65 AAdddditiiotniaolnkanolwklendogwe ledge Some seeds have interesting shapes which can spread and help reproduction. Examples are Fruits or seeds with wings. Its structure can get carried far by wind. An example is dipterocarpus. Seed with hair. The hair can help support the seeds in the air to float for a long time. An example is kapok seed. Some kinds of fruits and seeds are spread by nature, such as they are shifted by water, animal, and fruit bloom.
66 Activity 12 What’s inside a seed? Objective Study inner parts of seeds and conduct a germination Tools experiment. 1. Lotus and green bean seeds Activity 2. Knife 3. Petri dish 4. Cotton 5. Water Open up lotus seeds. Observe the inside of the seed and record the result. Table showing the observed seed components. Observation result …………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………….. Draw photo of lotus seed cut in a half.
67 From the activity, student can see a small green sprout (embryo of a plant) inside a lotus seed. In a bean seeds, food for growing is collected in a part called cotyledon. The bean seeds are quite plum and that is where the food is stored. Bean seeds can be split in two halves. Each half is one cotyledon. Activity no. 12.2 1. Soak green bean seeds for 1-2 hours in water. 2. Place cotton sheets on a petri dish. Spread the seeds on the cotton and water the cotton sheet until wet and soggy. 3. Keep the cotton moist by watering often. Observe the result. Drawing of the experimental results
68 Questions after Activity 1. From the activity, please explain what you see inside the lotus seed ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. What is the first thing that grows out of the seed? ……………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… From the activity, student can see that when seeds absorb water and swell, seed coats will open up. Endosperm and radicle will start to grow. The first leaf which grow out of a seed is called “cotyledon”. Endosperm and cotyledon provide energy for the plants to grow. AAdddditiiotniaolnkanolwklendogwe ledge When the condition is suitable, seed will sprout and grow into a new plant. This starting process is called germination. Seed germination requires water, adequate temperature, and air (oxygen).
69 Activity 13 What is the life cycle of a plant? Objective To Study life cycle of plants Activity Students draw pictures showing stages of plant growth. Conclusion Process of plant growth ……..………………………………….…………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… From the activity, student can see that each kind of plant will have roots sprouting for the first stage. After that, there will be leaves, trunks, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Each kind of plants has different growth periods.
70 Summary/ Review Please fill in the blank describing each part of the plants. Parts of Trunk Parts of Flower
71 Parts of Leaf Parts of Seed Types of Root
72 Match the words on the left and the right column ……… 1. Fruits a. Real fruits ……… 2. Seeds b. Growing from ovary ……… 3. Collected Food c. Breeding with wind ……… 4. Dipterocarpus fruits d. Collecting food for providing embryo ……… 5. Sepals e. Fruits growing from receptacles ……… 6. Receptacles f. Protecting the danger for budding flowers ……… 7. Apples, Rose apples g. Growing from ovule ……… 8. Seed coat h. Being thick for avoiding seed ……… 9. Mangoes, lemons, transpiration rambutans i. Supporting sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils
73 Fill word in the blank 1. The primary parts of fruits are 2) ……………….………………………………. 1) ………………………………………………… 3) ………………………………………………… 2. Functions of fruits are 1) ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… 2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. No. 1 is …………………………………… 3. No. 2 is …………………………………… No. 3 is …………………………………… Apples are ……………………….... Growing from …………….……………….. 4. The primary parts of the seed are 2) ……………….…………………………… 1) ……………………………………………..….. 3) ……………………………………………….... 5. Factors affecting seed germination are 1) ………………………………………………….. 2) ……………………….………………………
74 Fill A-F in the phrase correctly A. Waterkanon B. Kapok seed C. Rubber ball E. Coconut F. Pine cone D. Gold beard grass Spreading by wind: ……………………………………………………….……………………………… Spreading by water: …………………………………………………………………………..……….. Spreading by human and animals: …………………………………………………………….
75 Bibliography Jacques Delaroche (2011). Excited with marvelous nature Encyclopedia with illustration for children (Pattharamon Puapairoj, translator), Bangkok: Nanmeebooks Publications Kitti Wongpichet. (2020), Fertilization of flowers. Retrieved from http://www.agri.ubu.ac.th/~kitti/part6/fruit.html Chumpon Khunwasee. (2006). Flowers and their components. Retrieved from Newton Kids (Taiwan). (2014). Nanmeebooks Scientific Encyclopedia Volume 2 (Kanyarat Jirasawad, translator), Bangkok: Nanmeebooks Publications Mittraporn Wacharothai. (2019). Fruit Production. Retrieved from https://www.dnp.go.th/botany/BFC/fruit.html Mittraporn Wacharothai. (2019). Components of leaves. Retrieved from https://www.dnp.go.th/botany/BFC/fruit.html The institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology. (2016). Book for Basic Education Core Curriculum of Sciences for the level of Prathom 4 (3rd Published), Bangkok: Printing House of Office of the Welfare Promotion Commission for Teachers and Education Personnel, Ladprao Arporn Rubchai. (2017), Structures and functions of flowers. Retrieved from https://www.scimath.org/lesson-biology /item/7031-plant-form-and-function DKfindout. (2019). Plants. Retrieved from https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/animals-and- nature/plants/ Flower to fruit. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.pgriffiths1.plus.com/botanical.htm
76 Illustration references Page 2 Photo: Lotus and sunflower by Mr.Robert Armstrong Page 2-3 Photo: Water lettuce, bamboo, and cape of good hope by Parinnuch Klinrat Page 3 Photo: Base of pine tree, wat fern of Hawaii, moss Page 7 Photo: Golden Hunter’s Rolae Page 13 Photo: Red shiny leave in water Page 16 Photo: Coconut Page 22 Photo: Red garden balsam in water and photos taken in the vertical and horizontal line Page 24 Photo: Cross section of monocotyledon and dicotyleon plants by Associate Professor Manit Kidyoo Page 32 Photo: Using smart lens Page 37 Photo: Using microscope, tearing leaves in slice direction, and using smart lens Page 39 Photo: Photosynthesis and dropping Iodine Solution Page 45 Photo: Lotus by Mr.Robert Armstrong Photo: Wax rose by Assist. Prof. Dr. Kanogwan Seraypheap Photo: Feminine and masculine corn by Assist. Prof. Dr. Kanogwan Seraypheap Photo: Masculine pumpkin and stamen by Assist. Prof. Dr. Chumpol Khunwasi Photo: Feminine pumpkin and pistil by Assist. Prof. Dr. Chumpol Khunwasi Page 58 Photo: Dipterocarpus by Miss Naruemon Tueansati Photo: Kapok seed by Prof. Dr. Thaweesakdi Boonkerd Plant of Thailand Research Unit
77 Author’s biography Assistant Professor Rattanaporn Vamasuree Education Bachelor of Education Program in Elementary Education Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Master of Education Program in Supervision and Curriculum Development, Department of Educational Administration, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Careers Leader of Science Department, Chulalongkorn University Demonstration Elementary School Academic Year 2007-2008 Teacher of Science Department, Chulalongkorn University Demonstration Elementary School Academic 2002-at present Committee for guidebook and manual and lecturer of Boot Camp of The institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology Academic Year 2009-2011 Lecturer of CONNEXT ED Project Workshop for Science in the elementary level Academic Year 2017-at present. Lecturer of Workshop “Classroom of Creative ideas and Inspiration” Educa 2019, 2020 Lecturer of training about science teaching in Academic Service Projects by Chulalongkorn University Demonstration Elementary School cooperate with Sakdibhornssup Foundation Academic Year 2017-at present Lecturer of training about science teaching in the elementary level Academic Consultant Project for developing the quality education standard Apple Distinguished Educators, ADE Asia-Pacific 2019
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