health science flipbook

Health Science Flipbook Trisha Karedla 1B teacher: mr.pickett

2 Systems: Table of Integumentary - pg.3 Contents Musculoskeletal - pg.4 Nervous - pg. 5 Special Senses - pg.6 Cardiovascular - pg.7 Respiratory - pg.8 Digestive - pg.9 Urinary - pg.10 Reproductive - pg.11

Key Terms System Research 3 derm/o, dermat/o - skin The function of the integumentary system is to act as a Diseases/Disorders: kerat/o - hard, horn-shaped tissue, cornea barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also 1. Cicatrix - A scar left by a healed works to retain body fluids, protect against disease, wound. xer/o - dry eliminate waste products, and regulate body 2. Keloid - An abnormally raised, xanth/o - yellow temperature. thickened scar erythr/o - red 3. Lesions - An area of malignant Vocabulary: (cancerous) tissue. pedicu/o - lice 1. The epidermis forms the outermost layer of the 4. Ecchymosis - Black-and-blue or onych/o - nail skin purplish bruise caused by ruptured myc/o - fungus 2. Keratin is a fibrous, water-repellent protein blood vessels beneath the skin. pil/o - hair, hair follicle 3. Melanin are dark brown to black pigments Healthcare Careers: responsible for the skins pigmentation or color. lip/o - fat 4. Dermis - lies directly below the epidermis. Made 1. Dermatologist - a physician who rhytid/o - wrinkle albin/o - white up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic diagnoses and treats conditions and Integumentary System vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous diseases of the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatology technician - also 5. and sweat glands. 2. called a dermatology assistant, is a 6. Sebaceous glands - tiny glands in the skin that specialized medical assistant who secrete sebum works in the skin-care field. Collagen - a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments 7. Lipocytes - cells that manufacture and store fat. 8. Gland - a cell, or groups of cells, that secretes select substances within or out of the body. 9. Arrector pili - bundles of very small muscle fibers, called arrector pili, attached to the hair follicles. 10. Lunula - semilunar white area at the proximal end of the nail.

Key Terms System Research 4 my/o - muscle The function of the musculoskeletal system is to support Diseases/Disorders: myel/o - bone marrow; spinal cord oste/o - bone the body, allow motion, and to protect vital organs. 1. Tendinitis- Inflammation of a tendon cost/o - rib crani/o - skull Vocabulary: 2. Carpal tunnel syndrome - condition -pexy - surgical fixation that causes numbness, tingling, or chondr/o - cartilage 1. Striated muscle - muscle tissue in which the contractile weakness in your hand. arthr/o - joint Osteoarthritis - It occurs when the -plegia - paralysis fibrils in the cells are aligned in parallel bundles, so that 3. protective cartilage that cushions kinesi/o - movement their different regions form stripes visible in a microscope. the ends of your bones wears down over time 2. Smooth muscle - muscle tissue in which the contractile Bone fracture - A complete or partial break in a bone fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary control. 4. 3. Cardiac muscle - It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart. 4. Tendons - a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous Healthcare Careers: collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone. Musculoskeletal System 5. Ligaments - a short band of tough, flexible fibrous 1. Rheumatologist - internist or connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or pediatrician who received further holds together a joint. training in the diagnosis (detection) 6. Involuntary muscle - a muscle that contracts without and treatment of musculoskeletal conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such disease and systemic autoimmune as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels conditions commonly referred to as 7. Acetabulum - the socket of the hipbone, into which the head rheumatic diseases. of the femur fits. 2. Physical therapist - are movement 8. Acromion - is a bony process on the scapula experts who improve quality of life 9. Osteoclast - a large multinucleate bone cell which absorbs through prescribed exercise, bone tissue during growth and healing. hands-on care, and patient 10. Trabeculae - each of a series or group of partitions formed education. by bands or columns of connective tissue, especially a plate of the calcareous tissue forming cancellous bone.

Key Terms System Research 5 neur/o - nerve The function of the nervous system is to control the body Diseases/Disorders: encephal/o - brain and its responsible for the communication among its parts. myel/o - bone marrow; spinal cord 1. Astrocytoma - Tumor of the Vocabulary: neuroglial (glial) tissue. 2. Cerebral contusion - Bruising in the ambul/o - walk 1. Synapse - contact point at which one neuron cerebral tissue. -esthesia - feeling, sensation communicates with another 3. Hemiparesis - Paralysis of one side 2. Neuroglial cells - commonly called glial cells, are of the body; hemiplegia mening/o - meninges specialized cells that support the vital functions of the 4. Hemiplegia - Paralysis of one side psych/o - mind nervous system of the body; hemiparesis. concuss/o - shanken together; violently 3. Central nervous system (CNS) - comprises the brain agitated and the spinal cord. 4. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - is made up of nerves that reach into and extend from the brain and Healthcare Careers: the spinal cord. 5. Motor neurons - receive electrical impulses from the 1. Neuroscientist - General term for someone who studies the nervous brain and spinal cord and communicate these system. 6. impulses to other parts of the body. 2. Psychiatrist - M.D. who diagnoses Nerves - when many neurons form a bundle of fibers and treats mental disorders. Nervous System 7. Neurons, 8. Neurons - also called nerve cells are the fundamental cells of the nervous system 9. Neuroglial cells - commonly called glial cells, are specialized cells that support the vital functions of the nervous system 10. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - is made up of nerves that reach into and extend from the brain and the spinal cord.

Key Terms System Research 6 irid/o - iris The function of the special sensory receptors is to detect Diseases/Disorders: -cusis - hearing -opia - vision condition environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into 1. Chalazion - A small, hard, cystic ot/o - ear tympan/o - ear drum electrical impulses. mass on the eyelid caused by a opthalm/o - eye -metry - process of measuring Vocabulary: blocked oil gland. 2. Esotropia - Form of strabismus in 1. Conjunctiva - a clear, colorless mucous membrane that which one or both eyes turn inward. lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of the 3. Strabismus - Misalignment of the eyeball. eyes caused by weakened eye 2. Choroid - the blood rich tunic (enveloping coat) of the muscles; crossed eye eyeball. 4. Otosclerosis - Hardening of the 3. Lacrimal apparatus - also known as the tear bony tissue of the middle ear. apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, Healthcare Careers: store, and drain tears. 4. Auricle - forms the shell-shaped structure of the outer ear. 1. Ophthalmologist - specialist in diagnosis and treatment of eye 5. Middle ear - (tympanic cavity) is a small, air-filled disorders cavity within the temporal bone. Labyrinth - houses the delicate structures that control 2. Otolaryngologist - often called an 6. balance and equilibrium in the body. ear, nose, and throat doctor, or an ENT for short. Special Senses 7. Round window - an opening in the middle ear that leads to the cochlea. 8. Olfactory receptor cells - occupy a postage stamp-sized area in the roof of each nasal cavity 9. Mastication - chewing 10. Deglutition - swallowing

Key Terms System Research 7 cardi/o - heart The functions of the cardiovascular system are to transport Diseases/Disorders: angi/o - vessel hem/o, hemat/o - blood nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the 1. Bradycardia - slow heart rate brady- - slow tachy- - fast body and the removal of metabolic wastes. 2. Aneurysm - Localized, balloon-like thromb/o - clot -emia - blood condition Vocabulary: dilation of a blood vessel, usually an leuk/o - white artery erythr/o - red arteri/o - artery 1. Apex - the lowest part of the exterior of the heart 3. Arteriosclerosis - Condition of 2. Epicardium - serous (thin, watery) layer that forms the thickening, hardening, and loss of innermost layer of the pericardium, the sac elasticity in the arterial walls. surrounding the heart 4. Hypotension - Condition of 3. Aorta - the largest artery of the human body lower-than-normal blood pressure 4. Arterioles - small arterial branches that lead to fine blood vessels 5. Arteries - carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the Healthcare Careers: organs, tissues, and cells of the body. 6. Veins - carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart 1. Cardiologist - a doctor who Cardiovascular System 7. Systole - Contraction of the ventricles specializes in the study or treatment 8. Diastole - relaxation of the ventricles of heart diseases and heart 9. Blood pressure - the pressure exerted by the blood abnormalities against the wall of an artery or vein. 2. Cardiothoracic Surgeon - a medical 10. Sphygmomanometer - an instrument used to measure doctor who specializes in surgical blood pressure. procedures of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest.

Key Terms System Research 8 bronch/o - bronchus;bronchial tube The function of the respiratory system is to take in oxygen Diseases/Disorders: cyan/o - blue and expel carbon dioxide. laryng/o - larynx; voice box 1. Apnea - temporary interruption of Vocabulary: breathing 1. Ventilation - process by which air moves into and out 2. Bradypnea - condition of slower -oxia - condition of oxygenation of the lungs than normal breathing 2. Respiration - process of gas exchange oxy - presence of oxygen 3. Dyspnea - difficult or painful breathing pleru/o - pleura, serous membrane that 3. Respiratory Rate - the number of breaths that a enfolds the lung person takes in a minute 4. Eupnea - condition of normal breathing 4. Inspiration - breathing in pneum/o - lung; air pulm/o - lungs 5. Expiration - breathing out thorac/o - chest 6. Upper respiratory tract - responsible for the inhalation and humidification of air. Healthcare Careers: trachc/o - trachea; windpipe 7. Pharynx - the passageway through which air, food, and liquids travel 1. Pulmonologist - physicians specially 8. Bronchi - major air passages that branch off from the trained to treat diseases and Respiratory System trachea into the five lobes of the lungs. conditions of the chest. 9. Medulla oblongata - control center that is responsible 2. Respiratory therapist - work with for initiating and sustaining the breathing process patients who have breathing or 10. Vocal Cords - mucous membrane folds in the larynx; other cardiopulmonary disorders. also known as vocal folds

Key Terms System Research 9 cholecyst/o - gallbladder The function of the digestive system is digestion and Diseases/Disorders: enter/o - intestines col/o, colon/o - colon absorption; the breakdown of food into small molecules, 1. Appendicitis - Inflammation of the hepat/o - liver gastr/o - stomach which are then absorbed into the body. appendix; caused by a blockage or/o - mouth -pepsia - digestion Vocabulary: that results in infection. chol/e - gall, bile 2. Cholecystitis - inflammation of the proct/o - rectum, anus 1. Ingestion - which is the intake of food and liquids into gallbladder. the body. 3. Cholelithiasis - Abnormal condition 2. Digestion - process by which food is broken down into of stones in the gallbladder. smaller components. 4. Enteritis - inflammation of the 3. Absorption - valuable nutrients leave the digestive intestines; characterized by tract and enter the blood supply. diarrhea. 4. Elimination - Solid waste collects in the large intestine and is excreted through the anus. Waste is discharged Healthcare Careers: from the body through elimination. 5. Tongue - a muscular organ attached to the floor of the 1. Gastroenterologist - a medical mouth, aids in mastication practitioner qualified to diagnose 6. Papillae - which are small, nipple-like protuberances and treat disorders of the stomach Digestive System (bumps) that contain taste buds. and intestines. 7. Taste receptors - enable you to perceive the different 2. Hepatologist - consult on liver tastes in the foods you eat. problems, conduct follow-up care of 8. Gingiva - The soft tissue that surrounds and supports liver transplant patients, and the teeth perform various surgical procedures. 9. Amylase - an enzyme that aids in the chemical breakdown of starches. 10. Pharynx - posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and posterior to the larynx; throat

Key Terms System Research 10 -cele - hernia; swelling; protrusion The function of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from Diseases/Disorders: -lysis - breakdown; seperation; loosening the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control 1. Anuria - absence of urine levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. production cyst/o - cyst; fluid sac; bladder Vocabulary: 2. Dysuria - difficult or painful urine nephr/o - kidney 3. Polyuria - condition of excessive 1. Urinary tract - functions as the body’s plumbing ren/o - kidney system. urine production 4. Cystitis - Inflammation of the -uria - urination; condition of urine 2. Kidney - perform crucial tasks of filtering metabolic bladder waste products, ions, and excess water from the blood -pexy - surgical fixation -ectasis - dilation, expansion and forming urine 3. Renal cortex - outer layer of the kidney. It contains pyel/o - renal pelvis more than one million microscopic units 4. Filtration - the process of separating waste products Healthcare Careers: out from the blood. 5. Bowman’s capsule - a membrane that surrounds the 1. Urologists - treat problems of the glomerulus of each nephron inside the kidney. female urinary system and the male 6. Glomerulus - a cluster of capillaries in the shape of a genitourinary tract. They diagnose tiny knot or ball. and treat disorders of the kidneys, Urinary System 7. Reabsorption - blood reclaims useful substances from ureters, bladder, prostate and male the filtrate that flows through the renal tubules. reproductive organs. 8. Renal Medulla - inner region of the kidney. 2. Nephrologists - an internist who 9. Renal calyces - cuplike cavities that collect urine treats disorders of the kidney, both 10. Ureters - two narrow tubes, each about 10 to 12 chronic and acute, disorders of high inches long, that transport urine from the renal blood pressure, fluid, electrolyte and pelvises of the kidneys to the urinary bladder. mineral balance.

Key Terms System Research 11 cervic/o - neck; cervix The function of the reproductive system is a system of sex Diseases/Disorders: organs within an organism which work together for the 1. Cystocele - Hernia of the bladder sapling/o - Eustachian tube; fallopian tube purpose of sexual reproduction. that protrudes (bulges) through the ov/o - ovum Vocabulary: vaginal wall. orchid/o - testis; testicle 2. Endometrial cancer - Malignant 1. Gestation - which is the period of human development oophor/o - ovary and growth in the uterus from conception to birth. cancer of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) men/o - menses; menstruation 2. Fetus - after implantation, the zygote is considered an 3. Azoospermia - Absence of sperm in mamm/o - breast embryo until the eighth week after conception. the semen, leading to infertility gynec/o - female; women 3. Adipose - tissue that surrounds the mammary glands. 4. Oligospermia - Condition of an colp/o - vagina 4. Pregnancy - as the embryo or fetus continues to abnormally low number of sperm in develop. the semen; can affect fertility. 5. Sperm - male gametes or sex cells. prostat/o - prostate gland 6. Spermatic cord - carries the sperm toward the pelvic Healthcare Careers: Reproductive System region and the ejaculatory duct. 1. Andrologist - medical specialty that 7. Seminal Vesicles - two glands located at the base of deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the male the male urinary bladder. reproductive system 8. Prostate gland - secretes a thick fluid that lowers the 2. Gynecologist - a physician acidity of the semen. specializing in diseases of the 9. Ova - female gametes female reproductive system and 10. Zygote - Once an ovum is fertilized, the united ovum surgery of this area. and sperm is called a zygote