Digital Edition_JF20

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 PUBLISHED BY THE ™ INSTITUTE OF SCRAP 2020 MARKET FORECAST RECYCLING INDUSTRIES EHS SPOTLIGHT: WELDING SAFETY U.S. RECYCLED PLASTIC DEMAND BRANCHING OUT WITH DEMOLITION EQUIPMENT FOCUS: AUTOMATIC COUPLERS

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52 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 VOLUME 77/NUMBER 1 COVER ART: SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/ALINA WEGHER DEPARTMENTS FEATURES 7 VIEW FROM THE CHAIR EHS Spotlight Speakers to Get You Thinking Differently 9 PRESIDENT’S PERSPECTIVE 31 Environment, health, and safety briefs Finding ‘The Way Through’ for Scrap 11 POLITICAL PULSE 35 Leading Indicators Can Show You Your Safety Unity in the Face of a Legislative Tsunami Future—Use the concept of leading indicators to “see over the horizon” and prevent 13 COMMENTARY injuries and fatalities. BY SCOTT WIGGINS Making the Case for the Fourth R 37 Burn Notice—Welding work introduces a range of safety hazards. Proper equipment and 17 SCRAP BEAT staging can help reduce the risk. BY EMILIE SHUMWAY 27 INSURANCE INSIGHTS 29 OF COUNSEL 2020 Market Forecast: Remaining Resilient 117 ISRI NEWS 125 PEOPLE 44 Although the economy is still growing, recyclers will continue to face tests of their 127 MEETINGS ability to weather difficult markets in 2020. BY JOE PICKARD AND BRET BIGGERS 132 ISRI EVENTS 134 ADVERTISER INDEX Public Pressure on Plastics 136 ONE ON ONE 52 Public interest and corporate commitments are driving demand for some recycled Aaron Gaby plastics, but quality and pricing remain concerns. BY KATIE PYZYK 63 Diversifying With Demolition 63 Recycling companies are branching out and meeting market needs by providing demolition services. BY MEGAN QUINN ISRI2020 Convention Preview: By the Numbers 71 Early numbers on ISRI2020 are positive, and you can count on the convention and exposition to provide attendees with value that’s beyond measure, too. BIR Budapest Report: Opportunity in Uncertain Times 83 Recyclers at the BIR fall meeting in Budapest remained optimistic despite industry challenges. BY EMILIE SHUMWAY Equipment and Services 97 Automatic Couplers—These tools can increase safety and productivity by allowing operators to change attachments completely from inside the cab. BY MEGAN QUINN 105 New Products 111 Used Equipment ISRI is the voice of the recycling industry, promoting safe, economically sustainable, and environmentally responsible recycling through networking, ™ advocacy, and education.

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CHAIR • BRIAN SHINE, Manitoba Corp. Vortex is now the US agent for all McIntyre products and holds an PRESIDENT • ROBIN WIENER extensive range of spare parts. The McIntyre range includes; 202/662-8512 • [email protected] • Alligator Shears PUBLISHER • HOLLY ARTHUR • Can Densifiers and sorters 202/662-8510 • [email protected] • Lid Balers ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT OF PUBLICATIONS • Automatic Metal Balers AND STRATEGIC FORESIGHT/EDITORIAL • Wire / Cable strippers DIRECTOR, SCRAP • RACHEL H. POLLACK • Engine Crackers 202/662-8543 • [email protected] • Aluminum Casting Machines SENIOR REPORTER/WRITER • MEGAN QUINN 202/662-8531 • [email protected] Metal Baler SENIOR EDITOR/REPORTER • EMILIE SHUMWAY 202/662-8515 • [email protected] 407 Alligator Shear VICE PRESIDENT OF MARKETING • JASON GLEI 202/662-8547 • [email protected] M10 Can Densifier and Sorter ADVERTISING SALES DIRECTOR • BOB EMERY 440/268-0501 • [email protected] 303-900-4040 PRODUCTION DIRECTOR • MARIAN WEISS 202/662-8545 • [email protected] www.vortexdepollution.com DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM MANAGER CIRCULATION MANAGEMENT • VALERIE LUCAS VISIT US AT 202/662-8540 • [email protected] BOOTH #1447 CONTRIBUTING WRITER • KATIE PYZYK ART DIRECTION • SUE GUBISCH The Original Eccentric Scrap (ISSN-1092-8618) is published bimonthly by the Eddy Current Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, 1250 H St. NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005-5903. Periodicals postage Proven uptime & unmatched performance paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Scrap, 1250 H St. NW, STEINERT Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005-5903. E D DY Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. Canada Returns to be sent to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, eddy current London, ON N6C 6B2 Canada. separator Nonmember annual subscriptions: $48 U.S., $57 Canada and Mexico, $152 other countries; $8 single issue. ISRI YOU CAN’T AFFORD NOT TO OPERATE STEINERT members who receive Scrap have $24 of their national dues allocated for each subscription. STEINERT US • 1-800-595-4014 • SteinertUS.com • [email protected] Scrap welcomes letters and articles on issues facing the recycling industry and other topics of interest to ISRI JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 5 members. Submissions must include the author’s name, address, and phone number. Scrap reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to accept or reject advertisements, articles, commentary, or editorial submissions. All submissions to Scrap are subject to editing for length, content, and style. Send submissions to Editorial Director Rachel H. Pollack at the contact information above. Scrap previously was published as Scrap Age, founded by M.D. “Mush” Oberman (1914-1987), and Scrap Processing and Recycling. © 2020, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries

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View From the Chair ADRIENNE ANGELO SPEAKERS TO GET YOU THINKING DIFFERENTLY JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 7 One of the truly great privileges of being ISRI chair is the opportunity to select main stage speakers for the ISRI convention. There are so many incredible options, depending on what you are trying to accomplish. At last year’s convention, we heard from Shark Tank’s Robert Herjavec along with author, blogger, and inspirational speaker John O’Leary. The events were tremen- dously successful and impactful, according to those who attended and heard from those two powerful speakers. For ISRI2020, I and the other convention organizers looked for speakers who can provide actionable, meaningful, positive impacts on our businesses. We reached out to dozens of friends, family, and especially fellow ISRI mem- bers to ask whom they thought could provide great content. The two people we selected have expertise that I hope will have you thinking differently about how to advance your company and the industry as a whole. Gary Vaynerchuk, also known as Gary Vee, will speak at the opening session on Tuesday, April 28. A digital marketing and content specialist, Gary runs sev- eral enterprises, including serving as CEO of advertising agency VaynerMedia. He is a New York Times bestselling author, most recently of Crushing It: How Great Entrepreneurs Build Their Business and Influence— and How You Can, Too. He will speak about brand build- ing through content delivery, an incredibly important and timely subject. He will explain how to build your brand and why doing so is critical for positioning your company in this rapidly changing world. You can learn more about Gary Vee by listening to his podcast or by following him on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and other social media platforms. Renée Mauborgne is the main stage speaker on Thursday, April 30. Renée is a distinguished fellow and professor of strategy at INSEAD, a leading graduate business school. The Thinkers50 organization named her “the world’s most influential management thinker” in 2019 with her co-author and fellow INSEAD professor, W. Chan Kim. Together they wrote the global bestsell- ers Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant, released in 2005, and Blue Ocean Shift: Beyond Competing—Proven Steps to Inspire Confidence and Seize New Growth in 2017. Renee will speak about how to effectively reposition our businesses out of cutthroat competition in one market (the red ocean) into untapped new market spaces for growth (the blue ocean). This is a can’t-miss session! I hope you are as excited as I am to hear from these two incredible resources at what surely will be a memorable convention. Please visit www.isri2020.org to register today. BRIAN SHINE, CHAIR, INSTITUTE OF SCRAP RECYCLING INDUSTRIES, [email protected] www.scrap.org

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President’s Perspective FINDING ‘THE WAY THROUGH’ FOR SCRAP LLOYD WOLF Poet Robert Frost wrote that “the best way out is always through.” That senti- ment rings true today with the Chinese government’s recent announcement that recognizes certain grades of scrap as raw materials. This move is a major step forward—and through—for recycling. As the Voice of the Recycling Industry™, ISRI has been advocating that scrap is not waste and recycling is not disposal for more than 30 years. While we have had several successes in the United States, international treaties such as the Basel Convention—which (wrongly) classifies scrap as waste—set a precedent many other governments rely on in their policymaking. Despite this barrier, ISRI has continued to pursue recognition within the Basel Convention and with foreign governments (including China’s) that scrap is not waste. Scrap materials are valu- able commodities sold worldwide according to ISRI’s globally recognized specifi- cations as raw materials used in place of virgin materials in manufacturing. China’s new standard classifies selected grades of copper, brass, and alumi- num scrap as raw materials, creating a new path for “smelter-ready” nonferrous scrap commodities to enter the country. ISRI salutes China for setting this impor- tant precedent. We hope that it leads to greater stability in the region’s trade of scrap commodities. Because import restric- tions remain for all other commodity-grade scrap, we will continue to urge China to recognize that all commodity- grade scrap materials are raw materials and essential ingre- dients for achieving a greener economy. We are still on “the way through” here in the United States. Just as important as removing scrap from waste definitions found in legislation, regulation, and inter- national treaties is creating a clear understanding of scrap’s value with consumers, brands, and others. Doing so is critical to solving some of the challenges the recycling industry is facing today. For example, our opinion research shows that while individual consumers believe recycling is a good thing, they are throwing out valuable plastic and aluminum packag- ing because they don’t have faith that the materials they put in the recycling bin are getting recycled. They believe everything ends up in a landfill. Meanwhile, some major consumer brands are touting recyclability goals that are not entirely rooted in the realities of sup- ply and demand. ISRI is working in Washington and directly with these brands to educate them on Design for Recycling™ and to educate all parts of the supply chain on how to recycle responsibly. ISRI’s members stand at the center of the recy- cling supply chain. By representing processors, brokers, and consumers of scrap, ISRI is “the way through” for recycling to successfully occur. That’s why we will continue to beat our drum to commu- nicate that scrap is not waste, both in the United States and around the globe. ROBIN K. WIENER, PRESIDENT, INSTITUTE OF SCRAP _ _ _ _SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2J0A1N9UARY/FEBRUARYSc2r0ap20 Scrap 9 RECYCLING INDUSTRIES, [email protected] www.scrap.org

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Political Pulse RACHEL H. POLLACKUNITY IN THE FACE OF A LEGISLATIVE TSUNAMI Threats to any one recycled commodity ultimately affect all recyclers. Thus, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 11 ISRI has steadfastly held to certain fundamental principles across the scrap commodity spectrum: Scrap is not waste. Recyclers should not be held finan- cially responsible for choices manufacturers make that result in products that are difficult or impossible to recycle. Valuable recyclable commodities should not be incinerated or landfilled when viable end markets exist. ISRI has advocated on these issues for years regardless of the source of the scrap that our members pro- cess, broker, and consume as raw materials. This year the recycling industry will face a tsunami of panic-driven and often shortsighted policy proposals focused on the residential recycling stream. The challenges facing the residential recycling infrastructure—particularly for plas- tics, paper, and glass—are new, but many proposed solutions are old ideas in new packaging. For decades, ISRI has educated policymakers and taken positions on Design for Recycling™, scrap is not waste, flow control, and producer responsi- bility. We’re now seeing these same ideas from state legislators wanting to “fix” residential recycling. Other proposals would eliminate residential recycling pro- grams altogether or would regulate recycling as if it were solid waste management. ISRI’s familiarity with these concepts puts us in a position of strength going into the 2020 legisla- tive session, especially if we pool our resources, expertise, and experience to advocate as One ISRI. ISRI members do a great job of conveying to poli- cymakers how a given proposal will affect their business. Now more members are saying they want to better understand how that same pro- posal will affect recyclers of scrap commodi- ties they do not regularly process. On state and local policy matters, the ISRI chapters are ideal forums for educating each other on different recycling business models and the implications of a proposed policy. The chap- ters have long led ISRI’s advocacy on behalf of the recycling industry at the state and local lev- els. ISRI’s state advocacy program supports chapter efforts by coordinating policy positions within states and communicating state and local policy activity across the membership. We can attribute numerous state policy “wins” to such industry collaboration. Paper, plastic, metal, glass, electronics, and rubber pro- cessors across all parts of the recycling chain must col- laborate at the state and chapter levels and have a plan of action before the legislative pressure to “do something” gets out of hand. We must work as One ISRI for this associa- tion to remain the strong, unified Voice of the Recycling Industry™. When we do, you’ll see what we can accomplish. DANIELLE WATERFIELD, SENIOR DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT RELATIONS AND ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL, INSTITUTE OF SCRAP RECYCLING INDUSTRIES, [email protected] www.scrap.org

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Commentary Used Equipment Specials! MAKING THE CASE FOR THE FOURTH R ADRIENNE ANGELO 2013 Liebherr LH80M MH One of my New Year’s resolutions is to be more mindful about sustainability. 170,000 lb operating weight, 75 ft reach, Hydraulic I feel like I’m already doing the easy stuff: I carry reusable shopping bags, Elevating Cab, 20 kw factory Generator System, Auto- water bottles, and so forth. I recycle at home and drop off products like electron- matic Central Greasing, ERC system, and Single Solid ics, batteries, and plastic bags at designated recycling spots. I buy refurbished tires. One owner since new and well maintained. Very cellphones, and I keep them as long as possible, saving money and saving the good condition and appearance. Call for Price! environment. 2014 Sennebogen 835M MH Now I want to take my sustainability efforts to the next level by shopping locally and buying things that will last, things that can be repaired, and things 10,145 hours, 59 ft reach, Hydraulic Elevating Cab, Heat that are easy to recycle—the reduce, reuse, recycle mantra. I also try to ask one & A/C, 5 tine Sennebogen 3/4 yd3 Scrap grapple w/ 360 more question: Is the product made from recycled materials? degree rotation, Cummins power, 15kw Sennebogen Hydraulic Driven Generator, Automatic Central Greasing, All these considerations came to a head at the end of the year, when I needed -0- hours on fully overhauled Main Hydraulic pump, and to replace my backpack. My old one had lasted for at least a decade—so long NEW solid tires. Excellent condition and appearance. that the company from which I bought it no longer makes it. I wanted something Call for Price! durable, big enough to hold everything I might carry for my daily commute or on longer business trips, with comfortable straps, and with a design suitable for 2014 Fuchs MHL350E MH a business environment. I wanted it to cost less than a mortgage payment. And I wanted it to be made from recycled or otherwise sustainable materials. I felt like 6,800 hours, 52 ft of reach, Hydraulic Elevating Cab, Heat I was looking for the backpack holy grail. & A/C, 13 kw Generator, NEW 5 tine 3/4 yd3 grapple w/ 360 rotation, Automatic Central Lubrication, Very Good I was pleasantly surprised to find several websites that Dual Solid Tires, and Outriggers x4. Fuchs dealer main- provide information about sustainable products. Through tained since new. Excellent condition and appearance. those sites, I found companies and nonprofits that make Call for Price! bags from repurposed materials such as sails, parachutes, bike inner tubes, or billboard vinyl. (ISRI has showcased 2018 Caterpillar MH3024 MH some of the nonprofits’ work at its conventions.) Other manufacturers use recycled PET fabrics, recycled cot- Only 233 hours! 36 ft max reach, MH boom w/ Drop ton, leather scraps, and other sustainable choices. I Nose stick, Hydraulic Elevating Cab w/ Heat & A/C, NEW checked out resale sites, too. 12.5 kW gen set, NEW 3/4 yd3 4 tine grapple w/ 360 degree rotation, Front and Rear cameras, Automatic One company seems to have everything I’m look- Central Greasing, Dual Solid tires, and Outriggers x4. Like ing for in this particular purchase. Solgaard, a New new all around condition and appearance. Call for Price! York-based startup, offers backpacks in simple, classic designs with tons of useful features. The inte- Contact Mike Bernard • (843) 324-8487 rior and exterior fabrics are made from ocean-bound Email: [email protected] plastic collected in the Philippines and recycled by KUHN EQUIPMENT SALES Plastic Bank (Vancouver, British Columbia). You can www.KuhnEquipment.com even get a bag with a solar charger for your electronic devices. My backpack is on backorder, so I don’t know JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 13 yet if it lives up to its press. If not, I found several other strong contenders. My web research made it clear that I’m not the only person interested in making more sustainable purchas- ing decisions. I’m starting to see “buy recycled” added as the fourth R, after “reduce, reuse, recycle,” in public infor- mation campaigns at the local, state, and national level. ISRI and other organizations are working to overcome barriers and create incentives for the use of recycled materials in manufac- tured goods. I look forward to the day when recycled content is the norm, not the exception. RACHEL H. POLLACK, ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT OF PUBLICATIONS AND STRATEGIC FORESIGHT/EDITORIAL DIRECTOR, SCRAP MAGAZINE, [email protected] www.scrap.org





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Scrap Beat PLASTIC BOTTLE COLLECTION GROWS, a higher plastic bottle recycling rate. U.S. SCRAP EXPORTS EXPORTS FOR RECYCLING FALL They also noted the price of virgin plastics and reduced export markets as (METRIC TONS) JAN-OCT ‘19 %CHG* Americans recycled 2.8 trillion pounds challenges to recyclers. Visit plastics of plastic bottles in 2018, 1.8% more recycling.org/resources/reports/rate-reports. Cast Iron Scrap 1,137,571 71 than in 2017, say Washington, D.C.- based organizations the American OPENINGS AND EXPANSIONS Tinned Iron 75,302 38 Chemistry Council and the Association of Plastic Recyclers. The total bottle recycling I Aluminum scrap brokerage Kripke No. 1 Bundles 173,519 673 collection rate was 28.9%—a decrease Enterprises (Toledo, Ohio) has moved into a larger, 224,000-square-foot office No. 2 Bundles 9,813 189 of 0.4 percentage points compared with and warehouse facility at 8201 W. 2017—because while the amount col- Central Ave. in Sylvania Township, Borings, Shovelings, 17,591 55 lected grew 1.8%, the amount of plas- Ohio. It invested up to $5.8 million Turnings tic bottles that entered the market grew in renovations to the former automo- 3.4%. Looking at the data by resin type, tive stamping facility, and it plans to Shavings, Chips, etc. 51,395 -18 PET collected for recycling increased add 25 full-time employees to its cur- 5.1% from 2017 to 2018, but the col- rent workforce of 22, according to No. 1 HMS 4,269,887 -6 lection of both high-density polyethyl- the township. Kripke will receive a ene bottles and polypropylene bottles 10-year tax abatement on the assessed No. 2 HMS 634,779 2 dropped slightly, 3.4% and 1.4%, value of the improvements it makes; in respectively. exchange, it will contribute a minimum Cut Plate and 409,093 -13 of $30,000 a year to the school district Structural The “2018 United States National for that period, the township says. Visit Postconsumer Plastics Bottle Recycling www.kripke.com or sylvaniatownship.com/ Shredded Steel 4,378,833 -11 Report” also notes that more than 90% enterprise. of all postconsumer plastic bottles col- I TRG Jonesboro (Jonesboro, Ark.), a sub- Other Ferrous Scrap 2,009,330 0 lected in the United States were pro- sidiary of Alter Trading Corp. (St. Louis), cessed in the United States in 2018—a has reached an agreement with the city Stainless Steel Scrap 366,325 -35 significant change from past studies, of Jonesboro to move its scrap facility Alloy Steel 1,272,481 135 and the lowest export rate in at least 10 from its downtown location on Flint Nickel Scrap -18 years. Including all sources, PET pro- Street to a site in the eastern indus- 26,272 cessing in the U.S. increased by 284 trial area of the city, the Arkansas million pounds from 2017 to 2018, the Democrat-Gazette has reported. The No. 1 Copper 48,555 25 study found. site on Vance Drive is currently the (Bare Bright) location of Jonesboro Recycling Team, which 66,656 -40 The study’s authors cited lack of Alter acquired in November. It expects No. 1 Copper 96,916 -16 public education and lack of conve- to move within two years. Jonesboro’s (Ex Bare Bright) nient access to recycling as barriers to mayor plans to propose a morato- 523,553 7 rium on scrapyards within city limits, No. 2 Copper Arkansas Business reports. Visit www. Other Copper/ trg.net/locations/jonesboro-ar. I The Ann Arbor, Mich., City Council Brass Scrap voted Dec. 2 to reopen the city’s mate- rials recovery facility and for city staff Remelt Scrap Ingot 44,433 -16 to negotiate a 10-year operating agree- UBC 26,067 -27 ment with nonprofit Recycle Ann Arbor, Aluminum Scrap 1,502,931 13 local news source MLive reported. Nine council members and community Battery Lead Scrap 0 -100 members supported what they see as Other Lead Scrap 33,330 0 the financial, environmental, and edu- cational benefits of reopening the MRF, Zinc Scrap 26,928 -24 Paper Stock Exports (short tons) Corrugated 9,131,612 -10 9 High Grade Deinking 999,577 -6 Mixed 2,268,471 -41 -3 Printed News 685,724 6 Pulp Substitutes 987,010 SCRAP MAGAZINE Other 1,774,216 U.S. Commerce Dept., American Forest & Paper Association *Compared with the same period in the previous year. www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 17

Scrap Beat including job creation, lower carbon TEXTILE FIRM INVESTS emissions from transportation, and the IN RECYCLED FEEDSTOCKS opportunity to use the site for recycling tours. City staff and the two dissent- Viscose fabric manufacturer Royal ing council members had supported Golden Eagle (Singapore) plans to invest an $11.2 million contract with Emterra $200 million over 10 years to develop Environmental USA Corp. (Flint, Mich.) to closed-loop, circular, and “climate- transport the materials 70 miles to its positive” cellulosic fiber and textile facility in Lansing. Emterra has expe- manufacturing processes, including rience marketing recycled commodi- those that use recycled textiles as ties and greater capital resources for feedstock. To date it has invested in In- upgrades, they noted. finited Fiber Co. (Espoo, Finland), which is converting “textile, cardboard, and The single-stream facility closed agricultural waste” into viscose fiber. Its in July 2016 after Ann Arbor termi- process can take mixed-fiber textiles, nated its contract with the Charlotte, separate the fiber types, and recycle the N.C.-based ReCommunity due to safety cellulose-based fibers, which include concerns, according to MLive. cotton and viscose. RGE also has signed (Phoenix-based Republic Services acquired a memorandum of understanding with re:newcell (Stockholm, Sweden), which is using a ReCommunity in October 2017.) Ann chemical recycling process to convert used cotton textiles into a new pulp-based textile Arbor currently sends its recyclables fiber, Circulose, and it’s in “partnership discussions” with Fashion for Good’s (Amsterdam) to Cincinnati for processing. Visit www. Innovation Platform, which connects clothing industry innovators with brands, retailers, a2gov.org/departments/city-council or www. and funding partners. Its in-house research and development team is also working on recycleannarbor.org. using agricultural waste and recycled cotton as feedstocks, RGE says. Visit www.rgei.com, I Brightmark Energy (San Francisco) has renewcell.com, or fashionforgood.com. announced a nationwide search for U.S. locations to build its next set of brightmarkenergy.com/nationalrfp. billets competitively, Liberty says. The ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/LISAVALDER advanced plastics recycling plants. It I Plastics producer LyondellBasell company plans to increase wire rod expects to invest between $500 mil- (Rotterdam, Netherlands) says it output at the site to over 400,000 tons a lion and $1 billion per site, create will build a small-scale pilot facil- year to serve customers in sectors such more than 100 jobs in each location, ity in Ferrara, Italy, to test its propri- as automotive and construction prod- and process hundreds of thousands of etary molecular recycling technology, uct manufacturing, it says. tons of single-stream mixed plastics MoReTec. The technology uses a cata- into ultra-low-sulphur diesel, naphtha, lyst in the pyrolysis to break down Work to install the new EAF and and wax, it says. Through its request- plastics to the molecular level in a pro- upgrade melting and casting facilities for-proposal process, Brightmark says cess that is faster and more energy effi- will take between six and nine months. it seeks applications from communities cient than other chemical recycling During construction, the Georgetown that can provide “strong local, regional, techniques, it says. The company hopes facility will roll billets that are exter- and state support for project develop- to use the process to convert hard-to- nally sourced, including billets from its ment through incentives and improved recycle plastic, like multilayer film, to sister plant in Peoria, Ill., the company recycling programs; access to at least feedstock that can be used for food and says. 200,000 tons per year of co-mingled health care products. Visit www.lyondell plastic waste (types one to seven); basell.com. Liberty Steel USA, a subsid- access to 30 to 100 acres of suitable I Liberty Steel USA (Dallas) will spend iary of the London-based GFG land with excellent access to rail and $25 million to install a new electric- Alliance, acquired the then-shuttered highways; and natural gas and elec- arc furnace at its Georgetown, S.C., mill Georgetown mill from ArcelorMittal in tric utility support for such a project.” to improve the rolling mill’s melt shop December 2017 and reopened the site It currently is constructing a facility infrastructure and to become the lead- seven months later. Visit www.liberty in Ashley, Ind., capable of processing ing supplier of wire rod to the south- housegroup.com. 100,000 tons of postconsumer plastics western United States, it says. I Nonprofit electronics recycler Blue per year. It anticipates that site will be Star Recyclers (Colorado Springs, Colo) in full operation by late 2020. The existing melt shop needs a opened its new Buffalo Grove, Ill., facil- major upgrade to ensure it can make ity Nov. 20. The group, which provides Brightmark expects to select new jobs for people with autism and other facility sites by spring 2020. Visit www. 18 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

disabilities, received funding from the ALL SOFTWARE IS Mitsubishi Electric America Foundation NOT CREATED EQUAL! to establish the facility. Four Chicago- area school districts are partnering with 21st Century Programming Blue Star Recyclers to teach e-scrap recycling techniques to young adults 21stCenturyProgramming.com • 562-981-1030 with autism. In addition to its Buffalo Grove facility, at 1387 Barclay Blvd., JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 19 Blue Star has facilities in Denver, Colorado Springs, and Boulder, Colo. Visit www.bluestarrecyclers.org. I Truck dealer group The Peterbilt Store has opened a new headquarters at 116 Washington St. in Plainville, Mass. The 45,000-square-foot facility features 22 service bays on more than 15 acres. The Peterbilt Store has 14 other sites across seven states in the East and South. Visit thepetestore.com. I Voith (Heidenheim, Germany) has opened a new workshop and office space in Houston meant for repair- ing, retrofitting, and overhauling gear- boxes, hydrodynamic variable-speed planetary gears, torque converters, and fluid couplings for Voith and non-Voith products. Voith decided to open the 32,000-square-foot facility in Houston because of the city’s reputation as a hub for the North American power, oil, and gas industry, it says. The loca- tion will be the base of operations for its power, oil, and gas industry support team, as well as employees who work in sales, project management, applica- tion engineering, design engineering, customer service, and field service. Its new address is 6213 W. Sam Houston Parkway N., Houston, Texas 77041. Visit www.voith.com. CIRCULARITY CHALLENGE FUNDS FOUR RECYCLING-RELATED STARTUPS Chemical company BASF Corp. (Flor- ham Park, N.J.) and Greentown Labs (Somerville, Mass.), a clean tech incu- bator, have selected five startups—four of which focus on improving recy- cling—for their Circularity Challenge, a six-month accelerator program to boost circular economy projects. The project’s goal is “disrupting the www.scrap.org

Scrap Beat ALBERT BROS. WINS FAMILY BUSINESS AWARD Albert Bros. (Waterbury, Conn.) has received a Connecticut Family Business Award from the Hartford Business Journal that recognizes growth in the marketplace. Albert Bros. came in first place out of 25 nominees in the 25-75 full-time employees category. Albert Bros. expanded its opera- tions and celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2019, the Journal says. Some of its 65 employees have worked for the company for decades. At right are three genera- tions of the Albert family—Eric, Burt, Jake, and Jonathan—who worked side by side at the company until Burt Albert’s death in spring 2019, the newspaper says. Burt’s sons, Eric and Jonathan, now run Albert Bros. as president and executive vice president; Jonathan’s son, Jake, recently joined the company. Visit www.albertbros.com. plastics, energy storage, and recycling MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ALBERT BROS. value chains,” BASF and Greentown Labs say. Each participant receives a I Alter Trading Corp. (St. Louis) has $25,000 grant, partnerships with and purchased selected assets of United possible investment from BASF, accep- Milwaukee Scrap (Milwaukee), which tance into Greentown Labs’ accelerator include its equipment and its related program, access to technical facilities entities. Alter says it has offered jobs and testing labs, and other resources. to nearly all of the 100 employees at United’s six locations. The purchase The recycling-focused compa- does not include the United compa- nies are Nexus Fuels (Atlanta), a chem- nies themselves or their property. Five ical recycling plant for plastics; of the former United locations started Circularise (The Hague, Netherlands), operating on Dec. 9 as Alter Trading, a blockchain transparency company the company says. with a patent-pending “smart ques- tioning” technology designed to Alter is building a new $15 mil- prove recyclability; Interface Polymers lion nonferrous recovery facility at its (Loughborough, England), which existing Milwaukee location, which makes plastic additives to improve it anticipates opening this year, and the recyclability of normally incom- it plans to hire 27 full-time employ- patible materials; and American Battery ees for that facility, Alter President and Metals Corp. (North Vancouver, British CEO Jay Robinovitz says. He is “hopeful Columbia), which recycles battery that many of these highly skilled work- metals. ers will be able to fill positions” at that location. The judges chose these companies from nearly 100 startups from 20 coun- Alter purchased Schneider's Iron tries, BASF and Greentown Labs say. and Metal (Kingsford, Mich.) on May Stanley Black & Decker also supports 31, making this acquisition the compa- the Circularity Challenge. Visit www. ny’s second in 2019. Alter reports hav- basf.com or www.greentownlabs.com. ing 80 metal recycling facilities in 10 states. Visit www.altertrading.com. 20 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

I Allmetal Recycling (Wichita, Kan.) has JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 21 acquired the assets of Glickman Metal Recycling, including its Wichita-based recycling facilities and auto shredder operations. Allmetal acquired Glickman from the Yaffee Cos. (Muskogee, Okla.) on Oct. 30. Jacob Glickman founded the company in 1915, and the Glickman family sold it to Yaffe in 2002. Yaffe operated Glickman as a full-service scrap ferrous and nonferrous metal recycling operation. Allmetal will con- tinue to operate the Glickman facility at 410 East 29th St. N. Glickman was Allmetal’s second Wichita-area acquisition in 2019, the company says. It acquired Boge Iron & Metal Co. in February of that year. Allmetal now operates five Kansas recycling facilities: three in Wichita, one in Newton, and one in Harper. Visit www.amrrecycles.com. I Chemical manufacturer Indorama Ventures Public Co. (Bangkok) has acquired Green Fiber International (Fontana, Calif.). Green Fiber produces recycled PET flakes suitable for food contact in a facility with the capacity to process 40,000 mt annually. The acquisition gives Indorama access to the recovered PET bottle supply on the U.S. West Coast, the company says, and it is part of its plan to “invest significantly” in recycling over the next five years. Visit www.indoramaventures.com. I Oil and gas producer MOL Group (Budapest, Hungary) has completed its acquisition of Aurora Group (Neuenstein, Germany), a producer of recycled polypropylene compounds suitable for the automobile manufacturing sec- tor. It sees the acquisition as key to its goals to expand across Central and Eastern Europe and to switch from traditional fuel-based products to a “higher value-added petrochemical product portfolio,” it says. Visit mol group.info/en or www.aurora-kunststoffe.de/ index.php/en. I Boise-based recycler US Ecology has merged with NRC Group (Houston), an environmental compliance and waste www.scrap.org

Scrap Beat management service provider for the add value to its diversion tracking ser- using a pre-paid shipping label to send oil and gas, transportation, chemical, vices, which help community officials their end-of-life electronics for data industrial, power, and government and residents better understand their destruction and recycling or to send sectors, the companies say. In addition recycling habits. Visit rts.com or www. hard drives for certified data destruc- to its other environmental services, US recyclebank.com. tion. Visit sadoffelectronicsrecycling.com or Ecology operates a variety of specialty www.jointerra.org. recycling facilities focused on metals, NEW PARTNERSHIPS I Sims Recycling Solutions (West Chicago, refinery byproducts, mercury switches, Ill.) will provide electronics recycling used oil, and more. The combined I Sadoff E-Recycling & Data Destruction services for SURFsara (Amsterdam), the company will operate as US Ecology. (Fond du Lac, Wis.) has joined The information and communications tech- Visit www.usecology.com. Electronics Reuse & Recycling Alliance, or nology provider for more than 100 I Recycling technology company TERRA (Nashville, Tenn.), which con- Dutch educational and research insti- Recycle Track Systems (New York) has nects people and organizations in 38 tutions, Sims has announced. It will acquired Recyclebank (New York), a states and the District of Columbia collect end-of-life electronics from rewards platform that encourages con- with electronics recyclers certified SURFsara, securely erase the products’ sumers to recycle through an incen- to the Responsible Recycling (R2) data, and refurbish and resell the prod- tive program. The move is RTS’ first and e-Stewards standards. Through ucts as whole units or salvage their expansion into the gamification space, TERRA, Sadoff will serve a population reusable components. Buyers must pro- the company says. It plans to use of more than 19.2 million residents vide a comparable product for recy- Recyclebank, which has 2 million in 120 counties in Illinois, Indiana, cling, a requirement Sims expects to members, to encourage effective recy- Michigan, and Wisconsin, it says. boost reuse and recycling volumes. cling practices for businesses and to TERRA’s “Done with IT” mail-in pro- Equipment that cannot be refurbished gram gives consumers the option of 22 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

and reused will be shredded and sorted recyclers. The partners expected the feedstock as a source for its textiles, to recover recyclable materials, Sims project to wrap up by the end of 2019. cosmetics, personal care products, says. Visit www.simsrecycling.com or surf.nl. and ophthalmics, it says. Nonprofit I The Responsible Battery Coalition RBC members include battery man- Carpet America Recovery Effort (Dalton, Ga.) (Chicago) has partnered with Argonne ufacturers and recyclers, carmakers, helped facilitate the agreement. Visit National Laboratory, a science and fleet owners, service providers, and www.eastman.com, circularpolymers.com, or engineering research center that the aftermarket retailers. Visit responsible carpetrecovery.org. University of Chicago and the U.S. batterycoalition.org or recellcenter.org. I The Chemistry Industry Association of Department of Energy jointly operate, I Eastman Chemical Co. (Kingsport, Tenn.) Canada (Ottawa, Ontario) and the on a research project to increase the and Circular Polymers (Wilmette, Ill.) Canadian Plastics Industry Association recyclability of batteries. The partner- have reached an agreement to recycle (Mississauga, Ontario) will join ship is the first industry-sponsored postconsumer carpet. Under the agree- together to create a new plastics divi- project for Argonne’s ReCell Center, ment, Circular Polymers will collect sion, the associations say. Pending which the Energy Department polyester carpet from homes and busi- board and member approval, the CIAC launched in early 2019 to conduct nesses and recycle it at its Lincoln, will house the new division, which lithium-ion battery research and Calif., facility, which separates PET could be operational by July. development. Through the project, fiber from the carpet backing. Circular RBC will share data and manufactur- Polymers will then densify the fiber CIAC and CPIA and their mem- ing input with Argonne, and Argonne for easier transport to Eastman’s bers share the goal of making 100% will develop recycling best practices Tennessee facility, which uses a “car- of plastic packaging recyclable or to share with battery manufacturers, bon renewal technology,” a form of recoverable by 2030 and making sure original equipment manufacturers, and chemical recycling, to turn it into plas- 100% of plastic packaging is reused, tic feedstock. Eastman plans to use the recycled, or recovered by 2040. Both NEW FOR SALE & RENT FINANCE AVAILABLE SCREEN THE DIRT JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 23 & SORT THE METAL ASR SCRAP ASH/SLAG C&D COMPOST GLASS WASTE  412 294 2494 www.spaleck-us.com www.scrap.org

Scrap Beat HIGH PERFORMANCE associations also support Operation METAL RECYCLING Clean Sweep, an international pro- gram designed to help plastic resin- ATM Recyclingsystems GmbH - FOHNSDORF Mike DEMPSEY +1 604 932 5550 Navin MANGAL +1 210 2692651 handling operations prevent plastic +43 3573 / 27527-0, [email protected] from their facilities from polluting waterways. Visit www.canadianchemistry. www.atm-recyclingsystems.com ca and www.plastics.ca. I Theranica Bioelectronics (Netanya, 24 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 Israel) has launched a medical device recycling program in partnership with California Electronic Asset Recovery (Mather, Calif.) for its wearable migraine treat- ment system. Theranica’s Nerivio is a smart- phone-controlled electrical neuro- modulation device users wear on their arm at the onset of a migraine. Users now can mail in the device to CEAR, an information technology asset dis- position company, after they complete their treatments. CEAR will dismantle the device, remove the lithium-ion bat- tery, and separate the circuit board and plastics for reuse, Theranica says. Visit www.theranica.com or www.cearinc.com. I End-of-life battery recycling consul- tant Renewance (Chicago) will provide recycling services for battery manufac- turer KORE Power (Coeur d’Alene, Ida- ho). The company will connect KORE Power with a network of logistics, field service, and recycling partners to help the manufacturer transport and recycle its end-of-life Mark 1 batteries, the companies say. Utilities, indus- trial plants, and similar facilities use the lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, or NMC, batteries for high- density, high-voltage energy storage. Visit www.batterystewardship.com or www. korepower.com. NEW GROUP WILL WORK ON RECYCLING FLEXIBLE PACKAGING The Recycling Partnership (Falls Church, Va.) has launched a Film and Flexibles Task Force with Amazon, Dow, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, PepsiCo, and P&G as “anchor funders and advisors.” The film and flexible packaging market is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate of 3%, according to a mar- ket report from Mordor Intelligence, www.scrap.org

CWaEtcLh EouBr vRideAo Tat:ItNireGrecy5cl0in+gexYpeErtsA.cRomS but very little of it gets recycled “due SHREDDERS • Dual to a lack of collection and process- SHREDDERS • Quad ing infrastructure and established end NEW! Saturn® markets,” The Recycling Partnership G-4X Re ner Mill says. The task force plans a four-step Saturn Grizzly® Grinder approach: It will gather data such as capture rates, consumer insights, and Paving New Roads to Revenue... analyses of end markets; set goals; launch multiyear pilot programs for omFfrrFpoeeouorecrcrotrnypvyomcoctaucve,lvroltefisiinreranfosogerb5igmrn05lteemghe0fiqyaqoreuufysnouaulitteprtriifsspappomt,vrlauSmueasegatr,ranteSfidupaotnate,rpbrintftrclr,uemli®aoecfrrsdamhunohoteali®rmtuosfiei,pnthdrbSpsfildearaetuoreistnssaautnttbgpdraftsnoespgthto®ertleeaiohncmdgbtaaroiertertusawheivotlnbeetnisndrienhspebeturorlrorenseefaahd.actnadhdmrpdesoiendppitocbgodrleiforctirafccnoeaonehgvtrdsdioestootiniioronncweufgednercroeffh.osooctaowrryrdievccntsaaleiisrmrnteitfogaorbpererlareqetoimvurceeiepns-suien.g collection and chemical recycling; and wOOOtiruouuerrrrlDdrDDewuucuaiaydall-ce-l&&-l,&efQeQruaQsutawuuadrdao-isnd-rhsgl-hadsdfahwtefaStsidfhiSgtrehneS,rdhfeineddrnaeedotrdesuvdraarseirtneiarogsrinenasdiu.rn.e.esbseuiiunsgatetnutshasoitenemrsneoae’ostmovssfeoaottohmmioefuetnlchesohae.f.dm.lteibnhoaugredetti!lniterhegaerdteriiercne’ysgcsleors determine long-term scalability. Visit rmecuycchlemrsowroer!ldwide, featuring design innovations like our now-standard recyclingpartnership.org. LHiykebroidur-DSaritvuer.n...Gbruiztztlyhegrrein’sdseorsmcaupcahbmleoorfep! rocessing up to 8-10 tons-per-hour... aLsikweeolluars SouartugrrnanGulraiztozrlys, pgoriwnddeerrizsecrsapanadbnleexotfgpernoecreatsisoinngrefiunpetrom2il0ls0, etnogni-s- AWARDS AND HONORS nLpieekerer-edoduatyro.S..da. ateuslirvwnereG5lrl0iaz%zslyofinugerrirngpdraoenwrsudcleaartpotahrbasln,eptoohfawptdrooefccreiozsmesirpnsegatinutopdr tnmoei2lxls0t.0gteonnesr-apteiro-n Laedrceenonaafidygmr.nin.vn.pe.iemeaerwsetomriwreoteiodeulltrlrsolt,mvoadeisdadnilyeoelgsouwl.iirvnahetgeyrwreGa5rwnr0eawu%dnl.uattfiittoroenecdrershree,-pcplSiyaovoctewwulirdrdnn5ege0srreih%xtzohepuarfieslnnrdatetsbnhr.edcapotynomooewuf.xrcdttogiermeer nptrheeecratayintctoilotirnhnmgarteielxlofispfn.eerrt mills, I The Glass Recycling Coalition (Ann Learn more today why Granutech-Saturn should be your tire recycling Arbor, Mich.) presented its first MRF Leexaprenrmt aonredtvoideawy owuhryvGidraenouatetcwhw-Swat.utirrnersehcoyucldlinbgeeyxopuerrttisre.croemcy.cling expert Glass Certification award to Balcones and view our video at wCwown.ttiraecrtecuyscltiongdeaxypteortlse.caormn .more Resources (Austin, Texas) and Sedona Recycles (Sedona, Ariz.) at the Texas about Saturn Tire Recycling Solutions! Glass Recycling Workshop in mid- 877-582-7800 | www.granutech.com November. Balcones, which processes approximately 30 tons of recyclable JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 25 material per hour, submitted photos of test audits and glass capture data. As an active member of the coalition, Balcones has spoken on the value of cleaning glass to produce higher-qual- ity material for use in new bottles and fiberglass. Sedona Recycles processes 3,500 tons of material annually, about 25% of which is glass, GRC says. The MRF collects glass separately from its other materials. Certification criteria include pro- cessing infrastructure and a glass purity measure. An independent com- mittee scores certification levels as gold, silver, or bronze. (Both Balcones and Sedona Recycles received sil- ver-level certification.) MRFs with a GRC certification will have a competi- tive advantage in the marketplace, the coalition says. Visit www.glassrecycles.org, www.balconesresources.com, or www.sedona recycles.org. I Plastics recycler Circular Polymers (Wilmette, Ill.) and clothing com- pany Outerknown (Culver City, Calif.) were among the 2019 recipients of the California Product Stewardship Council’s (Sacramento, Calif.) Arrow Awards. Continued on page 112 www.scrap.org

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Insurance Insights CONSIDERING DEMOLITION RISKS shear cutting or reciprocal saw cutting as opposed Structure fires to torchcutting, for example. started by hot Some scrap recycling companies offer demolition work cause an and dismantling services, while others may be When cold-work methods are not feasible, use average of 15 considering that line of business. Demolition work a hot work management program that details who deaths and $355 has its own set of risks these companies must can conduct and manage hot work and how you million of direct consider. Each demolition project and job site is will control the work, from preparation to the job property losses unique. Even with thorough planning, demolition itself and post-work fire monitoring. Also use hot each year. projects often bring unforeseen challenges. work permits. According to FM Global’s (Johnston, R.I.) Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet The RecycleGuard program recently processed on hot work management, the goals of a hot work claims for three large losses tied to demolition permit are to identify and remove combustible, operations. In two cases, severe fires occurred ignitable, or flammable materials from the hot hours after hot work was completed, damaging work area prior to work; verify fire protection sys- buildings worth over $1 million each. In the third tems are in service prior to work; restrict combus- incident, the insured scrap company was not at tible or flammable materials from entering the hot fault in the claim, but it had signed agreements work area during and after work; verify hot work obligating it to name the primary demolition con- ignition sources remain within the defined hot tractor as an additional insured on its policies and work area during work; and supervise the hot work pay that contractor’s defense costs. Those agree- area for fire-safe conditions during and after work. ments left it with a loss of more than $2.2 million. To reduce demolition work risk, be mindful about Ensure a minimum clearance from combus- contract terms, hot work, and site safety. tible or flammable material of at least 35 feet, or 50 feet if working at height or exposed to wind. CONTRACTS Vertical clearance should be at least 35 feet. Have a Before taking on a demolition job, understand the continuous fire watch for a minimum of one hour scope of the job and all the activities and chal- after the work is complete and a fire monitor who lenges it might entail. Create a detailed contract checks on the site at least every 15 minutes for a outlining the scope of work, how you will go minimum of three hours. about it, and limitations you might face should particular challenges arise after you start the job. SITE CONTROL Also specify what the job does not include. With a When your company is working off-site and con- detailed and agreed-upon engagement letter as part trolling the job site, it’s responsible for the safety of of your contract, disputes either during or after the workers, visitors, and any type of invitee on-site. job are less likely. Demolition work creates potential safety hazards to those in the area, and it could create an attrac- If you are assuming liability as a contractor or tive nuisance for curious children. Fence the job to subcontractor, be sure you fully understand those prevent unauthorized access, and post highly vis- liabilities, and limit your liability as much as pos- ible signage noting the danger and the need to stay sible. Consider having your attorney review demo- out. Circumstances, agreements, and laws vary, so lition agreements and negotiate the contractual consult your legal counsel, insurance broker, risk risk transfer provisions as aggressively as possible. manager, or insurance carrier to best position your business for success in demolition work. HOT WORK Hot work is a common cause of demolition-related Dan Curran is senior vice president and underwriting losses. According to the National Fire Protection Association, structure fires started by hot work officer for AmWINS Program Underwriters (Portsmouth, cause an average of 15 deaths and $355 million of direct property losses each year. Fires caused by N.H.), which underwrites RecycleGuard®, the ISRI- hot work are 100% preventable. They result from ignition sources coming into contact with com- sponsored insurance program. Reach him at 603/334- bustible or flammable materials. The best way to prevent hot-work fires is to seek alternative, “cold 3027 or [email protected]. This article is for work” methods for achieving the goal: hydraulic informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide legal advice. Readers should not rely on this document or act upon any of the information it contains without first consulting competent legal counsel. www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 27

Booths1400&1701 Booths1400&1701 SAoAASMftowMMfCtawrCCSaerSfSeorfotrhethe ReSRcoeyfctwylicnalgirneIgnfdoInurdstuhtrseytry Recycling Industry AMCASMiCsSthise tLhaergLeasrgt ePsrtoPvirdoevridoefrSoofftSwoaftrweare DedADiMceaCdtSiecdaistteotdhtehtoeLtaMhregteMasletRtPaerlcoRyvceildciynecrgloiInfgdSuIonsfdttrwuysa. trrey. DAeMdCiScaoteedrstoa cthome pMleettealyl iRnteecgyractleindgenIntedruprsistreym. anagement recycling solution wlprreeerhnqaoigludAlrprwc-eprlwreeeiurhetMeehrnrqasiohcnemaqoigmC)ludctigm-,ludeciSiu-hetomeraiuhistceremnisPMInaomc)emotnnm,m)anitam,ebomtriaegaaomsbeneainIPnialeelnornPIMdnneacyotoanonssnabtrantefagbpamistbrniiuagpaacsinbntleilrrdeihclyoeuslaoodsecncyotogitef.srtcpmioitafeueppcAmicntiderumrpcnhtrhusraollrs&ehnusialoge.arntacspcgie&.rettGccAsedlaiylhercAnerdheCerls&ecgrhiilrlgls&etasaslcilrOe&aotiasa,cs,ailyn&htGlnns(ilyCwehydcgunngoidCedgcgsilirOrvgiaisoinl,tatr,Otanniaoisea,hn,a(nwgbnrdtunngoa(rwddeung,oddafisvidlognustaigttevieesnhtattwcigtblnrreshuaarlgobnnra,ayr(dafsatsloco,dautfssnCeleogs)uesikrewctelsnMuatwdcclotdldsouaeymltoatsoeocy(eantseocs)namikmrnrCgas)nMMinkrtsdcdnMrnetdtncmtmdatooeeamet(eaoaenaecmamrtaganroMmgmrseogaamMprnsndnmeagdvrgnatn(mraaimancea(eatataiaoneficgsyieotaaromgedeonnaenemigdvggmdntnegndvigmaereetaimamgefieetaeytnranmefi,yiernidmegtmcamtemndtnningmairiteninniingnareeotanesnangea,tagnlndetped,cmtstmdngdeat,cmtmidaiuiinneanfilitinesi)intnsaruonemgslsctpedesttgtlnatped,phsrtnaiua,enfgeltyauetsrnflutna.dhs)ctscreuttscnntephtirttintfiphrgedryieocgeyaeec.hdcoa.ohdntcctipnnhtpfityidotcfirtdetccocroiicocltmosopnihtpinplnhpnprteitgarrtziegitcrmoiinasccmosislcptndiiolifipinhazeigolazecganaucnnaccltdti,c-fiitdhiioofiihcoanncanl,-l,- IncIrnIencPacrrsreiceaIiPannPsrgseirvceM&oIiPennPdCgarnuorvo&ntoctdeetdotCruinaurovrccniictytttatotiyrMvia,lvMriacItiyGmtntyayaM,r,pMgInamIaermnamodapvpggenrieernnoeamotEvgmvgeeene(EtecCEmineonctenciceinteyna,ntcamcyny,d,aiannEnadndstEEiunonrsnesuu)CrreoemCCopomlmiappnllicaiaenn:ccee:: InboPMIunrnibcadoIinMnu&tgnevOad&rue&tCitnabeoOonlrtutoirtnTabardroclyutManTMadMdnrainaManagaadeggnnmeiaamngegengmntetemnt ent ..............MInavetIMeBnnMInrobtiavoiaboletrMliuelBylnGeinrtnMiradoiMaalralg&tdlaynGieitnOanMer&raggruagideita(nabmiCFlnao&oGlggeuinrennnT(tamCtFaddaromeiiMannnnitgnadtacaanmitianniaigonnecglam)tiMiaoenla)tMnagneamgeemntent MatIenMrviaaetBlneTtroirilarlyldiTinMnraggdnian&ggemFeinntancial Management wwwwBwi.llaiwMnBmgai.lt&laeicnrFmgisainl&gacTFnrrsaicnodigaiunlrMgcpoia.unlcaMpgoae.nmmcagoeenmmt ent winwfwwwio.naw.wmNfwocw.AaIs.nmgN.t@reacogAsmuragap@rtm.coecduosapmcFgm.icsnoragmconrcsuioagpluMr.pocan.ouacgmpoe.mmceontm [email protected]@[email protected] [email protected] wwwww.awm.acmsgcrsogurpo.ucpom.com www.amcsgroup.com

Of Counsel REVIEWING HIGHLIGHTS OF OSHA’S 2019 work is exempt for purposes of OSHA recordkeep- OSHA views STANDARD INTERPRETATION LETTERS ing because it occurred either while the employee standard was performing a personal task or it occurred interpretations Each year, the Occupational Safety and Health outside assigned working hours. The personal task as not mere Administration issues dozens of standard inter- exemption applies if the injury or illness is solely opinions, but pretation letters, which it writes in response to the result of an employee doing a personal task at as further public inquiries about how it interprets or enforces work outside of the employee’s assigned working clarifications a particular standard or regulation. OSHA views hours. OSHA considers the hours an employee of the standard. standard interpretations as not mere opinions, but is actually expected to work, including lunch as further clarifications of the standard or regula- breaks and overtime, the assigned working hours tion in question. Three standard interpretations it for injury and illness recordkeeping purposes. issued in 2019 may be of interest to recyclers. The employee also must be present at the place of work as a member of the general public and not as COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING an employee. In other words, the injury or illness In a standard interpretation letter from July 2019, must have nothing to do with the employee’s work OSHA addressed whether training employees or status as an employee. In addition, the work- solely through online programs complies with its place must be a public place such as a retail store. requirements. While it acknowledged that online, self-paced, computer-based training can be a valu- HAZARDOUS COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS able part of an effective safety and health training In a letter from May, OSHA addressed whether program, it stated that online training alone is not its hazard communication standard, 29 CFR sufficient. 1910.1200, applies to universal waste as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act defines The goal of effective training is to ensure it. RCRA’s universal waste regulations apply to mastery of the training materials, the letter said. four types of universal waste: batteries, mercury- Therefore, OSHA believes it’s critical for employ- containing equipment, lamps, and pesticides. ees to have the opportunity to ask questions of, OSHA reiterated that the HCS does not apply to and receive timely responses from, a qualified RCRA-regulated hazardous wastes. Thus, because trainer. If the online training contains interactive those universal wastes are a subset of hazardous and hands-on components, it may be sufficient waste under RCRA, the HCS does not apply to for the purposes of meeting the employee train- them. (This is only the case for the universal waste ing requirements. The letter highlighted one way subset of RCRA-defined hazardous waste, not to to satisfy this goal in the context of a computer- universal waste subject only to state regulations.) based training program: Employers could provide It adds that the HCS only applies to waste if the employees with a telephone hotline that gives waste meets the standard’s definition of hazardous direct access to a qualified trainer during the chemical and it does not fall under any other HCS training session. exemptions. Providing sufficient hands-on training is The employer bears the burden of demonstrat- equally important, OSHA stated. Online training ing a claimed exemption to the hazardous commu- that does not provide employees with hands-on nication standard, OSHA added. To do so, it must training would not comply with its requirements. be able to demonstrate that the material is subject Employees must receive sufficient hands-on train- to RCRA regulations. Such demonstration, at a ing, allowing for interaction with equipment and minimum, must include producing the appropri- tools, in the presence of a qualified trainer. This ate RCRA label and other RCRA-required identifi- will allow them to learn or refresh their skills cation materials upon OSHA’s request. through experience while allowing the trainer to assess whether they have mastered the proper Jon Schaefer and Earl Phillips Jr. practice law at techniques. Robinson & Cole, co-leading the firm’s recycling and WORK-RELATED INJURIES In another standard interpretation letter from July, metals practice. Reach Schaefer at 860/275-8349 or OSHA addressed how to determine whether an injury an employee sustains at his or her place of [email protected] and Phillips at 860/275-8220 or [email protected]. www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 29



EHS Spotlight Environment•Health•Safety IT’S TIME TO START USING THE NSC RELEASES MARIJUANA POLICY POSITION STATEMENT NEW FMCSA CLEARINGHOUSE The National Safety Council’s (Itsaca, Ill.) recent policy statement on cannabis use in the Motor carriers and owner-operators workplace says no level of cannabis use is safe or acceptable for employees who work in must start using a new drug and alco- safety-sensitive positions, even if they use the drug legally on their own time outside work, hol database as of Jan. 6 to determine because of the way marijuana impacts cognitive ability and motor skills. whether their commercial driver’s license drivers and new hires with It defines “safety-sensitive positions” as jobs that impact the safety of the employee CDLs comply with federal drug and and others around them. NSC believes recreational and medical marijuana use outside com- alcohol regulations. pany time is still potentially dangerous because impairment is hard to measure. The amount of the impairing component of the drug detectable in the body, known as THC, doesn’t di- The Federal Motor Carrier Safety rectly correlate to a degree of impairment, it says. The NSC cites research from the National Administration’s new Drug and Alcohol Institute on Drug Abuse that found employees who tested positive for cannabis experienced Clearinghouse is an online database of 55% more industrial accidents, 79% greater absenteeism, and 85% more injuries. information about CDL drivers who have violated the federal drug and Move employees who use marijuana for medical purposes to positions that are not alcohol testing program. The database safety-sensitive while using the drug, the NSC policy statement says. ISRI’s EHS department is designed to close a loophole that adds that CDL operators cannot drive a commercial motor vehicle if they are using medi- previously allowed CDL drivers cal marijuana, even if it is recommended by a licensed medical practitioner. FMCSA safety who failed drug or alcohol tests to regulations state that a person is not physically qualified to drive a CMV if they use any apply for new jobs without the new Schedule I controlled substance such as marijuana. Although marijuana is legal in 11 states, employer finding out about the failed the District of Columbia, and several U.S. territories—and medical marijuana use is legal test, says Dave Osiecki, president of in more than 30 states and territories—the substance is still illegal under federal law. Visit Scopelitis Transportation Consulting www.nsc.org or isrisafety.org. (Washington, D.C.). What does the clearinghouse do? The clear- and they must consent to the query. Motor carriers also are required to inghouse contains information about Drivers aren’t charged to register or enter certain information into the data- CDL drivers who have drug and alco- consent. base, such as a driver’s positive drug hol violations on their record related to or alcohol test, a driver’s refusal to 49 CFR Part 382–controlled substance Motor carriers must also conduct a undergo such a test, a failed return-to- and alcohol use and testing. This data- “limited query” at least once a year for duty test, or a successfully completed base only includes information on drug all CDL drivers they employ. This query return-to-duty process. and alcohol violations logged after Jan. doesn’t require driver consent, and it Who needs to register? Anyone who needs 6, 2020. This information stays in the only shows whether or not a driver has access to the clearinghouse must database until the driver successfully a violation on file. There is no cost for register. This might include employers completes the return-to-duty process these types of queries. Carriers should of CDL drivers (including owner- or for five years after the violation, start completing these by Jan. 5, 2021, operators), third-party administrators whichever is later, FMCSA says. CDL according to the FMCSA. holders operating commercial motor vehicles between 10,000 and 26,000 pounds are not included since they are not subject to DOT drug and alcohol testing, according to FMCSA. Using the clearinghouse. Under the new rules, motor carriers must make what’s called a “full query” when hiring a new CDL driver. This query shows whether the driver has drug and alcohol violations and provides details on such violations. Motor carriers will pay $1.25 per full query. Drivers involved in a query must register in the clearinghouse (if they haven’t already), www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 31

EHS Spotlight who run background checks for these workers might need based on their and monitor workers who are at risk of employers, medical review officers, and responsibilities. cold stress. If workers must be outside substance abuse professionals. during cold days, schedule the work Place temporary workers in low-risk for the warmer part of the day and limit Drivers who hold a CDL do not need positions, but still train these workers workers’ time spent outdoors, OSHA to register unless they plan to look for to be aware of hazards within the recommends. You can also schedule a new CDL job after Jan. 6. If a motor facility, the guide states. Consider using workers’ shifts to acclimate them to carrier requests to run a full query of the same temporary workers week after the cold by gradually increasing their the driver, like when it conducts a week so they can become more familiar outdoor workload and allowing more pre-employment check, the driver will with the facility. When a permanent frequent breaks in warm areas as they have to register in the clearinghouse position opens up, consider converting build up a tolerance for working in and give consent before the motor these temporary workers to full-time the cold environment, OSHA says. carrier can complete the query. employees if they show the skill and When possible, schedule maintenance Setting up clearinghouse access. First, go to interest level, it says. Visit www.waste and repairs for warmer months. Visit your FMCSA portal account and assign recycling.org. www.osha.gov/dts/weather/winter_weather/ one person from your staff to be the beprepared.html. main clearinghouse administrator who WORK SAFELY IN WINTER WEATHER keeps track of records and queries. You OSHA MAKES PROGRAM AND can designate other staff members as Winter weather comes with unique STANDARD UPDATES clearinghouse users. Motor carriers can safety hazards. The Occupational Safety also designate third-party background and Health Administration does not have a OSHA has updated its national amputa- check companies as service agents for specific standard that covers working tion emphasis program and its walk- the company. Second, register in the in cold environments, but it does offer ing-working surfaces standard with drug and alcohol clearinghouse. The guidance on how to keep workers safe minor changes and clarifications. administrator then can log into the from cold-related illnesses and injuries. OSHA’s National Emphasis Program clearinghouse to see options to pur- aims to reduce or eliminate amputa- chase queries and designate third-party Train workers to recognize the tions in manufacturing by focusing administrators. Visit clearinghouse.fmcsa. symptoms of cold stress and guide them on enforcing machine guarding stan- dot.gov. on how to select the proper clothing, dards. The updated program document OSHA recommends. Wear at least three now includes data from amputation ISRI’s webinar “Demystifying the layers of loose-fitting clothing made reporting requirements in its targeting CDL Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse” of wool or synthetic materials that can methodology and revises the coding provides detailed information on the keep moisture away from the body and requirements for amputation inspec- clearinghouse, the sign-up process, and provide insulation even when wet. tions in the OSHA information sys- frequently asked questions. Visit videos. Thermal wear, wool, silk, or polypro- tem. There also are new appendices isri.org/demystifying-the-cdl-drug-alcohol- pylene inner layers of clothing will on the targeting methodology and on clearinghouse or e-mail Commodor Hall hold more body heat than cotton. Wear the covered North American Industry at [email protected]. an outer layer of wind and rain protec- Classification System codes, OSHA tion that provides some ventilation to says. Two other appendices have been NWRA RELEASES BEST PRACTICES prevent overheating, hats that cover removed. GUIDE FOR TEMPORARY WORKERS the ears, and boots that are insulated and waterproof. Consider providing OSHA also has updated its The National Waste and Recycling Association personal protective equipment designed walking-working surfaces standard with (Arlington, Va.) has a new recom- specifically for cold weather, such as corrections and clarifications. Updates mended best practices safety guide insulated winter coats, gloves, hats, or include stating that workers must have for temporary workers at recycling boots, OSHA suggests. sufficient handholds at least 42 inches facilities to reduce injuries and fatali- above the highest level on which they ties. The guide has recommendations Wherever possible, install engineer- will step when reaching an access for training temporary workers on ing controls to reduce cold-related level. It also clarifies that snaphooks lock-out/tag-out, emergency response, risks. For example, place heaters near and carabiners should be capable of and machine guarding as well as work stations or shield work areas withstanding a minimum load of 3,600 information about preventing heat from drafts, OSHA says. Stay in com- pounds. OSHA published a notice of stress, moving safely throughout munication with workers throughout the corrections in the Federal Register. recycling facilities, and deciding what their shift, especially those in remote Visit www.osha.gov. S types of specific training temporary areas of the yard or facility, so you can notify them of any weather changes 32 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

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EHS Spotlight Environment•Health•Safety LEADING INDICATORS CAN SHOW YOU requiring stitches. When you look deeper into Reducing at- YOUR SAFETY FUTURE these injuries, you see that 80% of the cuts are to risk behaviors hands. A good leading indicator for this situation and near misses Leading indicators will be a hot topic in the envi- would be to identify workers in areas at high will reduce ronment, health, and safety world in 2020. The risk for lacerations who do not have gloves on or injuries and Occupational Safety and Health Administration available nearby. fatalities. held a stakeholders’ meeting Nov. 7, 2019, to gather information on leading indicators already FINDING YOUR LEADING INDICATORS being used in the workplace. The OSHA Alliance In practice, implementing a leading indicator pro- staff has assured ISRI that the discussion is gram means implementing a safety observation not part of an enforcement initiative, but sim- or inspection program. OSHA regulations require ply something it wants to encourage throughout that you inspect specific pieces of equipment or industry. operational situations. You can integrate a safety observation program into these other inspections, You might be more familiar with the con- but the focus is on both at-risk behaviors or situa- cept of leading indicators from economics. tions and safe observations, such as employees in Economists, financial analysts, and others look a specific work area wearing proper personal pro- at how reports on jobless claims, money sup- tective equipment. ply, new home construction and home sales, consumer confidence, and industrial purchasing The consulting firm Predictive Solutions change over time because those changes have (Pittsburgh) published the report “Seven Leading been show to predict growth or contraction in the Indicators to Drive Safety Improvement in Your overall economy. In the same way, EHS managers Organization” based on four years of benchmark- would benefit from being able to “see over the ing 200 companies and 3.4 million inspections. horizon” if doing so could help them head off Four safety truths emerged from the study: injuries and fatalities. Most safety professionals I As inspections increase, incidents go down. track lagging indicators such as incident rates and I The probability of having an incident decreases DART rates (for days away, restricted, or trans- as the number and diversity of the people ferred); the only forecasting metrics we routinely performing inspections increases. see are worker’s comp total incurred reserves and I Too many “100% safe” inspections predict experience modifiers. higher injury rates. I Too many at-risk observations also predict THE SAFETY PYRAMID higher injury rates. What are leading indicators of safety? The first widespread use of this concept was H.W. Get a copy of the report at www.predictive Heinrich’s safety pyramid. You can see a more solutions.com/whitepapers-ebooks. recent version of the pyramid by ConocoPhillips at www.researchgate.net/figure/ConocoPhillips-Marine- As you develop your leading indicators, be Safety-Pyramid-adapted-from-Masimore-2007-11_ sure to tie them to your corporate and facility fig1_326317704. It estimates that for each fatality, goals and strategy as well as to improving your a site experiences a significantly larger multiple lagging indicators. of less serious incidents: 30 lost work day cases, 300 recordable injuries, an estimated 3,000 near So what are the leading indicators of safety misses, and an estimated 300,000 at-risk behav- in a scrap recycling facility? ISRI does not yet iors. The theory is that the bottom two layers of have an industry-specific list, but I recom- the pyramid, at-risk behaviors and near misses, mend “An Implementation Guide to Leading are the leading indicators of change in the top Indicators,” a free, 24-page guide from the three layers. Thus, reducing at-risk behaviors and National Safety Council’s (Itasca, Ill.) Campbell near misses will reduce injuries and fatalities. Institute. Download it at www.thecampbellinstitute. org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Campbell-Institute-An- To develop good leading indicators, you’ll Implementation-Guide-to-Leading-Indicators.pdf. S need a thorough understanding of your lagging indicators. For example, let’s say you’ve noticed Scott Wiggins is ISRI’s vice president of environment, a spike in recordable injuries due to lacerations health, and safety. Reach him at 202/662-8529 or [email protected]. www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 35



WELDING CAN POSE A WIDE RANGE OF HAZARDS TO INDIVIDUALS AND SCRAPYARDS ALIKE, BUT A GOOD CHOICE OF EQUIPMENT AND SOLID PLAN OF ACTION CAN MAKE ALL THE DIFFERENCE. BY EMILIE SHUMWAY PAUL TONG When Jason Maslin, an insurance counselor for its spiritual cousin, torchcutting. Though it achieves Bradley & Parker (Melville, N.Y.), stopped by a scrap- the opposite goal—reconstructing rather than yard recently for a quick hello, he was stunned by deconstructing—welding falls into the same category what he saw in its welding operation. “There was no of “hot work” and introduces many of the same risks designated area for welding, the welder wasn’t wear- to both the worker and the yard. But because it’s ing gloves or full boots, there were sparks flying every- an act of predictive maintenance that yards might where,” he says. If they’re going to cut corners like undertake on an irregular basis, depending on the that, he wondered, how else are they cutting corners? size of the yard, attention to safe welding can fall down the list of priorities, as Maslin witnessed. Such The need for welding can vary from scrapyard neglect could be costly, however, EHS professionals to scrapyard, and it’s typically less of a focus for and welding equipment producers warn. environment, health, and safety professionals than www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 37

WELDING SAFETY RESOURCES ensure they inspect their mask or helmet for any holes or cracks. Arc rays give off ultraviolet and These resources can help you develop or improve your hot-work manage- infrared radiation, which can cause photokeratosis, ment program. or welder’s eye, if workers don’t use the proper eye I OSHA Guidelines for Welding, Cutting, and Brazing. First thing’s first—make protection. “That is one of the most painful things sure you’re following OSHA’s standard (1910.252) for welding. OSHA also you can imagine,” Sjogren says. “It’s like somebody provides a small-business checklist for welding. Visit www.osha.gov/laws- throwing acid or sand in your eyes.” regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910 or www.osha.gov/Publications/small- business/small-business.html#weld. Sjogren recommends that in addition to their I American Welding Society safety guide. AWS’ voluntary welding safety and wearing a mask or helmet, welders wear a weld- health standards document, first developed in 1944 and last revised in 2012, ing cap to protect their hair and ear protection to is free to download. Visit www.aws.org/standards/page/ansi-z491. protect themselves from both hearing damage and I Equipment manufacturer safety guides. Welding equipment manufacturers metal slag or sparks entering the ear canal. are the place to go for the latest advancements in welding safety. In addition to selling a range of PPE—including helmets and masks, gloves, jackets, Moving downward, welders should wear shirts respirators, and fume extractors—most provide detailed safety instruc- made from nonflammable or flame-resistant mate- tions and even welding safety videos for free on their websites. Visit www. rial, such as leather or heavy cotton, and keep the millerwelds.com/safety or www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/education-center/ shirts buttoned up tightly. Insulated gloves are also welding-safety. a must, Sjogren says, and a leather apron across the I National Fire Protection Association Hot Work Safety Certificate Program. chest is also a good idea. Pants should be cuffless, NFPA’s two-hour hot work safety certificate program highlights the hazards of according to Miller Electric. Sjogren recommends hot work and the proper safeguards workers should put in place. The website boots with metatarsal guarding and preferably also provides a sample hot work permit for download. Visit www.nfpa.org/ leather shoelaces. “As a young welder, I burned my training-and-events/by-topic/hot-work. feet a few times because I didn’t take the time to lace my work boots up tight,” he says. WEAR APPROPRIATE PPE CONSIDER AIRBORNE HAZARDS Welders can avoid almost every type of welding Welding can expose workers to hazardous airborne injury with the right personal protective equipment metal and gas fumes in addition to burns from slag and its proper use. Starting from the top, a weld- and sparks. The Occupational Safety and Health ing mask or helmet is essential, especially for arc Administration recommends that outdoor weld- welding. Shielded metal arc welding, or stick weld- ers position themselves upwind to avoid breathing ing—in which a welder uses a consumable elec- in fumes, and it suggests indoor welding be done trode covered with flux to lay the weld—is the most with the use of local exhaust ventilation systems. common type of welding in a scrapyard, says Tony Equipment manufacturers also offer respiratory Smith, ISRI’s safety outreach director. Depending devices, although their use hasn’t yet caught on on the welders’ experience and the type of work widely. “Very seldom do you see a welder wearing being done, they might also do metal inert gas respiratory protection,” says Dave Coffaro, presi- (MIG) or tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. All carry dent of Multimedia Training Systems (Pittsburgh). the risk of flash or arc burns. Sierra Recycling and Demolition may be an A quarter of all welders’ injury claims are exception. The company has taken a proactive eye-related, according to a safety guide released approach to the risk of fumes, Safety Manager by Miller Electric Manufacturing Co. (Appleton, Felipe Guerra says. Sierra has several dedicated Wis.), and 90% of those could be prevented with welders on staff to rebuild and resurface equipment the proper eyewear. “Depending on what welding in the mechanic shop at its Bakersfield, Calif., process you’re doing, you’d want to use between facility. During its hiring process, after testing inter- a shade 9 and a shade 12 welding lens,” says Jerry viewees and before orientation, Sierra requires each Sjogren, safety director of E.L. Harvey & Sons new prospective welder to weld with a respirator, (Westborough, Mass.), who used to be a welder at a and it won’t hire anyone who can’t manage the power plant. “If you’re using an argon or a helium task. “A lot of welders are not there yet,” Guerra shielding gas [typical of TIG welding], that tends says, noting the company is strict about the rule, to put out a stronger arc flash, and a stronger arc, no matter how talented the welder. Because facial so you’d want to wear a darker lens.” In addition stubble can cause some respirators to leak, Guerra to choosing the right lens filter, welders should says Sierra’s welders currently also must commit to shaving their faces and necks regularly. 38 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org



While shaving and wearing a res- before an employee or contract welder pirator may seem like a lot of trouble can work in a given space. A permit to go through, welders at Sierra learn should specify the type of work and the value of the requirements the first where it is being done, and it might time Guerra replaces one of the carbon include a questionnaire or checklist filters. “We take the mask apart and to ensure the workers have taken the take the filter out, and they’re shocked proper precautions before they begin when they see how dark [the filters] work. Some cities, regions, or states are,” he says. Sierra recently invested may have their own hot work permit- in a supply of powered-air-purifying ting requirements, Curran says. Boston, respirators, which pull air through for example, began requiring permits filters or cartridges to purify the inside and initiated a hot work certification of a headpiece breathing tube. Guerra program in 2016 in response to a 2014 says these devices will free their weld- fire started by welding, which caused Developing a hot work management program—standards for where and how welding can take place and who can weld—helps the company establish a firm set of guidelines for employees. ers to grow facial hair again. the deaths of two firefighters. In addition to requiring respirators, In general, a hot work-designated Sierra requires its welders to get a area should be at least 35 feet from blood test every six months to evalu- flammable and combustible material ate zinc and lead levels. Though the (15 feet vertically) and should have a results generally have been good, the dedicated heating, ventilation, and air evaluation allows Sierra to keep an eye conditioning system in place, includ- out for any potential issues. “If we find ing noncombustible ductwork and somebody with high zinc levels, that’s insulation and the required particulate a red flag,” Guerra says. If an underly- filtration; welding curtains or blankets ing medical issue like anemia cannot closing off the space; and automatic explain the blood work, the results sprinkler protection or fire extinguish- provide a trigger for Guerra to review ers within reach, Curran says. Guerra the safety process with the welder and says Sierra uses welding curtains when- inspect the equipment for defects. ever possible, but it has also trained all employees on the hazards of arc burn ISOLATE AND PROTECT THE AREA and instructed them to never stare at Welding can present safety hazards light coming from welding work. even for those not involved in it. Facilities should have a designated That training for the entire staff is hot work area, says Dan Curran, senior essential because not all welding can vice president and underwriting offi- be done in a closed-off space. Large, cer of AmWINS Program Underwriters, stationary recycling equipment may which underwrites RecycleGuard require welding on site. When that’s (Portsmouth, N.H.). Developing a hot needed, make sure other workers in the work management program—standards yard know what’s happening, and find for where and how welding can take ways to block the area off from visitors. place and who can weld—helps the Make signage around the area clear to company establish a firm set of guide- prevent customers and other visitors lines for employees. Through the pro- from wandering into the welding work gram, employers can require that their area, says Susan Diecidue, underwrit- companies issue a hot work permit ing manager at RecycleGuard. Keep weather in mind when welders 40 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

are set to work outdoors. While all nascoop.com workers are vulnerable to heatstroke and heat exhaustion, welders may MADE IN face a higher risk due to their heavy, THE USA protective clothing and proximity to hot work. Sierra tries to limit hot work Heavy Duty Self Dumping Hopper to the early morning hours on hot days, Guerra says, before the day’s peak tem- • Heavy duty 7 gauge steel body peratures. The company also provides • Available in sizes ranging from welders with a portable cooler, ensures they’re well hydrated, and gives them 1/8 to 5 cubic yards additional breaks. • Load capacities up to 6,000 lbs • Multiple colors available PREVENT SHOCK • Spring loaded latch with reinforced Electric shock is one of the most com- mon injuries caused by arc welding, latch pin for added safety says Maslin. When an individual isn’t creating a closed circuit through weld- nasco80o0p.32.c1.o33m96 ing, open circuit voltages can range JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 41 from 20 volts to 100 volts, according to a welding safety guide from Lincoln Electric (Cleveland). Inside the weld- ing equipment, the voltage is much higher—from 120 volts to 575 volts. A shock can happen when the welder closes the loop with his or her own body and becomes part of the circuit. Often, this occurs when the welder touches a lead or other hot compo- nent inside the welder while a hand or other body part is touching the welder case or other grounded metal, Lincoln Electric’s safety guide states. “I hit myself in the wrist with an elec- trode while sitting on a piece of steel,” Sjogren says of a shocking slip-up he once had. “The current went right through me.” The welder should avoid touching the live electrical parts of equipment and, ideally, work on a nonmetal surface. Maslin suggests concrete, but rubber or plywood work as well. It’s also essential to ground the case of the arc welder, says Lincoln Electric. Grounding ensures that if a problem develops inside the welder, a fuse will blow and disconnect the power. For experienced welders, neglected or worn equipment can lead to electric shock as often as careless or unin- formed practice. “Electrode holders need to be inspected on a regular www.scrap.org

basis,” Coffaro says. “If there’s a crack scrapyards, which might have combus- welding fires, damaged equipment can or a broken electrode holder, that can tible dust and other flammable mate- also increase the risk of fire. Welding create conductivity.” The same risk rials, welders need to be especially leads, for example, are usually coated applies if gloves and other insulated careful. “Make sure the area where in rubber. If you drag a damaged lead clothing has holes. Coffaro and Sjogren you’re welding doesn’t have any flam- along the ground, Sjogren says, it could both note that damp conditions also mable fumes, like gas,” says Chip hit a piece of metal and cause a spark increase conductivity. “Rain can be Barletto, a welder and the owner of that could result in a fire. a potential issue,” says Sjogren of CBS Metal Consultants (New Castle, outdoor welding. “Make sure you’re Pa.). It may be worth safeguarding the A responsible hot-work manage- not standing in a puddle, make sure space with a gas fume detector, he ment program must also include a plan your gear is dry.” He recommends suggests. for ensuring safety after the welder is postponing any outdoor welding work finished, Curran says. Embers or hot until wet weather has cleared. “Housekeeping is the No. 1 thing slag in the hot-work area could remain you can do to avoid fires,” Guerra long after the work stops. “The key KEEP FIRES AT BAY says. He notes facility cleanliness is [procedure] people don’t follow is the According to a report the National Fire deeply ingrained in company culture fire watch,” he says, referring to the Protection Association published in at Sierra. “We have embedded it into term for constantly monitoring the August, welding torches ranked first our employees that they have to clean facility or yard following hot work. among types of hot work equipment before they go on break, before they go “The vast majority of welding and involved in fires, and 42% of such to lunch, and before they leave,” cutting fires happen within 60 minutes fires were a result of workers welding he says. after the work is complete.” Curran too close to combustible materials. In recommends three hours of fire watch While the sparks and slag the after welding—one hour of continuous welding process produces can cause 42 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 BVOISOITTHUS#8A0T1 www.scrap.org

watch in person, and two hours of fumes. Pipes, tanks, drums, and other which require certification of their close attention using either a remote closed containers are an explosion risk, structural integrity—bring in a prop- fire alarm system or a security guard says Miller Electric. Welders should erly certified welder if one isn’t already walking through the area at least once ensure the containers they are weld- on staff, Sjogren says. every 15 minutes. Some jurisdictions ing on have never held combustibles, also require the fire department be unless, as OSHA puts it, they “have Finally, try to find a way to create involved as a condition of the hot work been cleaned so thoroughly as to a fuse without hot work if possible, permit, Curran says. make absolutely certain that there are Curran says. Cold-work alternatives, no flammable materials present or like bolting, may be an equally viable Welders should always know any substances such as greases, tars, option without the hazards of welding. exactly what type of metal they’re acids, or other materials which, when “The best way to manage the risk is to working on, as well as what’s inside subjected to heat, might produce flam- completely avoid the risk,” he says. or on it. Companies can develop a mable or toxic vapors.” policy for ensuring this when drawing For cases when you can’t avoid up their hot-work plan. Guerra says CONSIDER NECESSITY welding, treat it with the same caution Sierra avoids welding on stainless Legally, Smith says, no official certi- as torchcutting. “It’s possible to be a steel to reduce its welders’ exposure fication or training is necessary to do welder and be safe,” Sjogren says. “But to hexavalent chromium, a material welding. Make sure your company’s you need to think about what you’re that can be a health hazard if released welders are properly trained in and doing and make sure you’re creating a in the welding process. Coffaro points aware of the facility’s safety proce- workspace that is going to protect you out that base metals may have oil dures. For more complicated jobs—like and everyone around you.” S residue or chemical coatings on them, for welds on fall protection equipment, and that lead paint can release lead Emilie Shumway is senior editor/reporter for Scrap.a ® Innovative Metal Recycling Systems Specializing in Electric Motor Hammermill Systems, Ferrous Shredders, Pre-Shredders & Complete E-Scrap Processing Lines. WE WILL CUSTOMIZE BASED ON YOUR PROCESSING NEEDS www.scrap.org JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 _ Scrap _ 43

EVEN WITH THE CONTINUED U.S. ECONOMIC EXPANSION AND RECORD LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, THE SCRAP RECYCLING INDUSTRY AND THE U.S. ECONOMY ARE LIKELY TO FACE NEW TESTS OF THEIR ABILITY TO WEATHER DIFFICULT CONDITIONS IN 2020. BY JOE PICKARD AND BRET BIGGERS Heading into 2020, recyclers have ample reason or later. However, as we’ve seen in the past, inflection to be more optimistic about the coming year. points are notoriously difficult to forecast. At this time The trade outlook has improved consider- last year, the NABE survey was signaling the U.S. econ- ably with the expected passage of the United omy would grow by 2.1% in 2019. The same survey States-Mexico-Canada Agreement and phase one now shows an average projection of just 1.8% growth of the U.S.-China trade deal early in the year, along in 2020; other indicators also reveal concerns about the with China’s announcement that it plans to reclassify health of the economy and industrial sector. certain scrap grades from “waste” to raw materials. U.S. monetary policy was more accommodative at The Conference Board’s Leading Economic Index the end of 2019 than at the beginning of the year due for the United States declined 0.3% in December, to three Federal Reserve rate cuts, which could help the fourth negative reading in the last five months. revive business investment levels. Investor sentiment According to Ataman Ozyildirim, the Conference has remained elevated following a nearly 24% gain in Board’s senior director of economic research, the LEI’s the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 2019. Meanwhile, “…six-month growth rate turned slightly more nega- more people are back at work—the U.S. unemployment tive in the final quarter of 2019, with the manufactur- rate remained at a 50-year low of 3.5% in December— ing indicators pointing to continued weakness in the which should also bode well for consumer confidence sector.” That sentiment was reflected in other manu- going forward. facturing reports, including the Institute for Supply Management’s manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ But the consensus forecast is for slower U.S. eco- Index reading for December, which fell to 47.2%— nomic growth in 2020, as economic analysts predict the lowest reading since June 2019. ISM survey the trade wars, softer manufacturing readings, and respondents indicate that slowing export rising geopolitical and other risk factors will take a toll orders, expanding inventories, and rising on growth across the developed economies. For scrap input costs are clouding the outlook for recyclers, trade barriers in key markets, excess domes- business conditions in 2020. tic scrap supplies, and lackluster demand are reinforc- ing the disconnect between their declining profitability Not surprisingly, the uncer- and a growing U.S. economy overall. Several factors tainty in the economic outlook could test the resiliency of the economy, commodity has affected business sen- markets, and the scrap recycling industry. timent and investment plans. Gross private SIGNS OF SLOWER ECONOMIC GROWTH domestic investment The economic expansion is expected to continue in in the United States 2020, but at a slower rate of growth. According to declined 6.3% in the National Association for Business Economics’ the second quarter December 2019 Outlook Survey, two-thirds of econo- of 2019, followed mists predict that a recession won’t occur until 2021 by a 1% decline in the third 44 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

RESILIENTREMAINING2020 MARKET FORECAST www.scrap.org _ _JJAANNUUAARRYY//FFEEBBRRUUAARRYY22002200 Scrap 45

2020 MARKET FORECAST quarter, according to the Bureau of Economic Rising global risk factors generally have been Analysis. Looking forward, 68% of CEOs the supportive for precious metal prices. As investors Business Roundtable polled in the fourth quarter have increasingly moved assets into safe-haven said they expect either no change or a decrease investments, gold futures in New York rose to in capital spending over the next six months, up more than $1,500 per troy ounce late in 2019, and from 63% saying that in the third quarter of 2019. bullion prices posted their largest annual gains since 2010. While the World Bank expects gold Of course, the economy doesn’t operate in a prices to remain elevated at around $1,470 per vacuum, and policymakers will continue to react troy ounce in 2020, improving primary commod- to the changing economic landscape. The Federal ity prices haven’t necessarily translated into com- mensurate gains in scrap prices or scrap market For scrap recyclers, reduced Chinese demand, slower conditions. industrial production, tight labor availability, depressed SCRAP MARKETS IN TRANSITION For scrap recyclers, reduced Chinese demand, scrap prices, and uncertainty about the specifics of trade slower industrial production, tight labor avail- ability, depressed scrap prices, and uncertainty negotiations have negatively affected market sentiment. about the specifics of trade negotiations have negatively affected market sentiment. Increased Reserve stepped in to correct the imbalance scrutiny from the press, policymakers, and the in the financial markets by lowering the target general public—particularly related to residential federal funds rate three times in 2019, helping to recycling’s challenges—will continue to shape undo the inverted yield curve that caused many perceptions about the entire recycling indus- to speculate that a recession was imminent. With try this year, even as recyclers are increasingly the presidential election coming up, the Fed’s focused on market development and the targeted window for adjusting rates in 2020 narrows investments they need to produce higher-quality significantly, as historically the Fed has chosen recycled commodities. not to make rate adjustments that could influence the election. Any new monetary policy decisions We expect to see more merger and acquisition also could have significant impacts on foreign activity in the recycling industry in the coming exchange rates and commodity prices. year. Driving these consolidations are the need to reduce costs and secure market share; the MIXED PERFORMANCE FOR COMMODITIES ongoing bottlenecks across rail, truck, and barge The return on the Bloomberg Commodity Index transportation; a cost of borrowing money that is reversed course in 2019, rising approximately likely to remain low for the foreseeable future; 4% after having been down by double digits the and the potential for new market development prior year. Market watchers attribute the positive both at home and overseas. change to the lowering of interest rates, favorable movement in Chinese trade negotiations, and For recyclers, as for other sectors, trade develop- supply disruptions. NYMEX crude oil futures ments remain of paramount importance. Both the briefly rose to more than $63 per barrel late in USMCA and a preliminary U.S.-China trade agree- 2019 amid ongoing OPEC production cuts and ment appear likely to relax tariffs and trade restric- rising tensions in the Middle East. Slowing global tions. Given the delicate balance between domestic demand for oil and rising inventories in the and export scrap demand and the uneven import United States late in 2019 were raising concerns tariff levels worldwide, many scrap market par- about the outlook for 2020, however. The U.S. ticipants are likely to see positive effects from the Energy Information Administration forecasts fur- new trade deals and China’s expected recognition ther inventory buildups in the first half of 2020 that certain grades of scrap imports are not waste. that will put moderate downward pressure on Here’s the outlook for some of the key primary and crude oil prices. The EIA is forecasting that Brent recycled commodities in 2020. crude and West Texas Intermediate light sweet crude prices will average around $60 per barrel ALUMINUM and $55 per barrel, respectively, in 2020. Scrap metal prices continue to have a hard time keeping up with primary metal prices. Primary aluminum prices at the London Metal Exchange 46 _ Scrap _ JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 www.scrap.org

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