Ideology Magazine

Exploring Ideologies Prepared by: Prince Adrian Solatre

Collectivism Collectivism is a social, cultural, or economic system that prioritises communal interests over individual ones. Rather of focusing on the individual, collectivism examines all of a group's common wants and interests. It highlights the importance of individuals relying on one another in a variety of ways rather than living in isolation. There Are Two Types: 1. Communism or marxism 2. Socialism 2

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Communism or Marxism ⬗ Communism is an economic philosophy that promotes a classless society in which all property and wealth is owned collectively rather than individually. ⬗ Marxism is a socioeconomic analytical technique that employs a materialist interpretation of historical development, also known as historical materialism, in order to comprehend class relations and social struggle, as well as a dialectical viewpoint in order to analyse social transformation. 4

Communism in the ussr ⬗ Historically, the Soviet Union's economy was centrally controlled by the government. The USSR's administration, particularly its leader (Joseph Stalin), desired to industrialise the country by acquiring ownership of each individual's property and company. ⬗ Media freedom does not exist, and they are in charge of it. The school system was geared primarily on communism. Anyone who opposes will suffer punishment. ⬗ Good side would be the healthcare system. ⬗ 15 million deaths. 5

Joseph Stalin (December 18, 1878 - March 5, 1953) After Lenin's death in 1924, Joseph Stalin cemented his authority by promoting the idea of being collective but then established an authoritarian leadership centred upon himself. Stalin's major objective was to rapidly industrialise Russia. To secure itself from military intervention, he wanted the Soviet Union to evolve into a developed nation. 6

Communism in Cuba ⬗ Cuba formed a political alliance with the Soviet Union and quickly adopted communist doctrine. ⬗ Cuba benefits from communism in terms of healthcare, crime rates, and other areas. However, the country is impoverished to the point of tragedy. The average Cuban earns barely a $1 each day. As a result, several Cubans decided to leave the nation. ⬗ The USSR provided Cuba with a $100,000 loan with a 2.5 percent interest rate. 7

Fidel Castro (August 13, 1926 - November 25, 2016) Fidel Castro and an affiliated group of revolutionaries overthrew Fulgencio Batista's administration in the Cuban Revolution, pushing Batista out of power on January 1, 1959. Castro was a firm believer in changing Cuba and the rest of the world from a capitalist system in which people own the means of production to a socialist system in which workers own the means of production. 8

Socialism ⬗ It is a political, social, and economic philosophy that encompasses a variety of economic and social development distinguished by government ownership of productive assets. ⬗ Socialism's primary goal of communal prosperity is built on public benefits. Because the government is in charge of practically all aspects of society, it can make greater use of resources, labour, and land. ⬗ It shortened the income disparities across all socioeconomic ranks and classes, not only in different places. 9

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Utopian Socialism ⬗ The giving of visions and designs for imagined or futuristic perfect societies is commonly defined as utopian socialism, with positive ideals serving as the primary motivation for moving society in this direction. ⬗ These ideal-society ideals competed with revolutionary social democratic movements inspired by Marxism. ⬗ Benefits of a utopian world is that it is more peaceful, and it is more relaxed. Disadvantages include being assigned a job, bride, and family rather than choosing them, and having limited freedom. 11

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Robert Owen (May 14, 1771 - November 17, 1858) He is most famous for his model textile plant and hamlet in New Lanark, Scotland, as well as his utopian socialist ideas. He respects his employees well, establishes schools, and sells items at a decent price. He equipped his employees with adequate healthcare and gave them a voice. He understood the importance of employees to the company. There is no profit without them. 13

Democratic Socialism ⬗ Democratic socialism is defined as a socialist economy with socially and collaboratively owned or controlled means of production, as well as a democratic political form of government. It provides everyone with a voice and independence, as well as common values such as free health care and education, support for the poor, and taxes that are distributed to benefit each other in every way. ⬗ Democratic socialism is being implemented in nations such as Canada, Sweden, Italy, France, Germany, and others. ⬗ 14

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Charles Fourier (April 7, 1772 - October 10, 1837 ) French social thinker who proposed for a societal reconstruction based on phalanges (community producer associations) (phalanxes). Fourierism was the name given to his system. he believed that communities could be very successful in meeting citizens' economic, political, and social goals with careful planning and regulation. 16

Liberalism The belief in liberty, justice, equality, democracy, and human rights, is historically linked to thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu, as well as formally restricting the monarchy's power, confirming parliamentary supremacy, and establishing the Bill of Rights. 17

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Concept of Classical Liberalism ⬗ Classical liberalism emerged in the 1700s, when Rousseau advocated for the protection of civil rights and freedoms. Adam Smith was a firm believer in the value of competition. There are monopolies when there is no competition, and when there is competition, the products produced are of bad condition. ⬗ It abolished capitalistic policies, royal monopolies, and other trade impediments, advocating free trade and free markets instead. 19

John Locke (August 29, 1632 - October 28, 1704) He was a philosopher and political theorist from England. He is considered the father of British empiricism and the author of the first systematic exposition and justification of political liberalism, as well as the belief that individual rights and liberties are the most fundamental aspect of society. 20

Adam Smith (June 1723 - July 17, 1790) Adam Smith is most remembered for a single text, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), which includes Smith's depiction of a system of market-determined wages and free rather than government-constrained enterprise. Smith argued that the greatest environment for economic development was one of free competition that followed universal “natural laws.” 21

Concept of Modern Liberalism ⬗ It ensures that everyone has an equal chance. Individuals are being granted more rights. The government is ensuring that the most vulnerable people are assisted. ⬗ It combines civil liberties and equality with a commitment to social justice and a mixed economy. ⬗ This is established in the United States 22

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Barack Obama (August 4, 1961) Barack Hussein Obama II is an American lawyer and politician who served as President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Obama was the first African-American president of the United States and a member of the Democratic Party. 24

Concept of Mixed Economy ⬗ A mixed economic system protects private property and allows for some economic freedom in capital allocation, while also allowing governments to interfere in economic activities to achieve social objectives. ⬗ Private + Government. 25

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Individualism Individualism is a moral position, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that stresses an individual's moral worth. 27

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Kim Jong-Un (January 8, 1984) North Korean politician Kim Jong-un. He has been North Korea's Supreme Leader since 2011 and the Workers' Party of Korea's leader since 2012. He is the second child of Kim Jong-il and Ko Yong-hui, who ruled as North Korea's second supreme leader from 1994 until 2011. 29

Conservatism ⬗ It is a philosophical, artistic, cultural, social, and political movement aimed at promoting and preserving established social structures. Conservatism's core tenets may differ depending on the traditional beliefs or practises of the society and civilisation in which it emerges. ⬗ Conservative principles are sometimes based on religious views, and conservatives want to see religion play a larger role in public life. 30

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Capitalism ⬗ It is an economic system based on the private ownership of productive assets and their profitable operation. ⬗ Many economists oppose features of capitalism, pointing out flaws and issues. In a nutshell, capitalism can result in inequity, market failure, environmental harm, short-termism, excessive consumerism, and boom-bust economic cycles. 32

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Fascism ⬗ A set of ideologies and behaviours aimed at elevating the nation, as defined only in ⬗ biological, cultural, and/or historical terms, above all other sources of loyalty and ⬗ organizing the national community. A form of government in which a dictator 34 governs by suppressing opposition and criticism with force and often violence, controlling all industry and commerce, and encouraging nationalism and often racism. Today, just a few political parties identify as fascists. Instead, their political opponents frequently use this phrase as a derogatory one.

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Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 - April 30, 1945) one of history's most well-known—and despised—figures. He organized both World War II and the Holocaust as the chancellor of Nazi Germany, acts that led to the deaths of at least 40,000,000 people. His most remarkable accomplishment was unifying the German (and Austrian) people behind him. 36