LRN_C2_Teachers_Book

Sarah Yu LRN C2 PRACTICE TESTS 10 Practice Tests

Contents Introduction: The LRN C2: An Overview 4 Answer Sheet 9 Practice Test 1 11 Practice Test 2 29 Practice Test 3 47 Practice Test 4 65 Practice Test 5 83 Practice Test 6 101 Practice Test 7 119 Practice Test 8 137 Practice Test 9 155 Practice Test 10 173 Model compositions 193 Audioscript 208 LRN Level C2 3

Introduction LRN C2 (Level 3): An Overview The Learning Resource Network (LRN) is an awarding organisation based in the UK which administers examinations twice a year. The LRN C2 consists of four sections: Listening, Writing, Reading and Use, and Speaking. The four sections are weighted equally as follows: Listening: 25 marks Writing: 25 marks Reading and Use: 25 marks Speaking: 25 marks Total: 100 marks In order to pass the LRN examinations, you must score an overall mark of 50% and higher. The total mark is an average of all four sections and it is possible to pass the examination even if you fail one section. The entire written examination lasts three hours and fifteen minutes, (2.5 hours for Writing, reading and Use), and you are allowed to use the time in the best way you see fit. You may revise and re-examine answers if you have time remaining. LRN Structure Listening Sections Number of Total questions Marks 25 25 Duration 35 – 40 minutes All sections are heard twice, Section 1 10 10 and time is given to look over Candidates hear ten short dialogues between a male the questions beforehand. and female speaker and answer one question. Questions in the three sections are multiple choice format with three options. Section 2 10 10 Candidates hear three longer dialogues and answer three to four questions about each dialogue. Section 3 5 5 Candidates hear an extract from a radio talk. There are five questions. The talk is heard twice, and then a third time for Writing Task One. Writing Sections Length Total Task 1 – Essay 200 – 250 Marks You hear Section 3 of the Listening again. You are Task 2 – Choice of asked to take notes about specific points that are words 25 Three Topics given to you, as well as anything else you may wish. 12 With the information from the recording and your notes, you are asked to write an essay on a similar 250 – 300 13 topic. words One essay from a choice of three topics. Points are provided to assist the candidate with content. 4 Introduction

Reading and Use Parts Number of Total Reading Section 1 questions Marks One passage with nine questions. All questions are Use multiple choice with three options. 50 25 9 4.5 Section 2 11 5.5 Two short passages with a linking theme. Each passage has four questions, and there are three questions which apply to both passages. All questions are multiple choice with three options. Section 3 20 10 Twenty questions testing grammar. All questions are multiple choice with three options. Section 4 10 5 Open cloze passage with ten gaps. Speaking Duration Sections Description Total Two candidates Marks are examined by 18 minutes 3 Updated topics for Section 2 are given to students one interlocutor. beforehand. 25 Section 1: Introduction 4 minutes The examiner asks the candidates about their 8 minutes hobbies, free time activities, school, hometown, Section 2: 6 minutes future plans, etc. Topic Each candidate talks about the topic that has already Presentation been prepared. After the talk, the examiner asks some questions and the other candidate expresses Section 3: his/her point of view on the same topic. Longer Turn The examiner gives each candidate a question in Response related to the topic prepared in Section 2. Ideas are to Examiner’s given in point form. Then, the other candidate is Questions asked to comment and express his/her views. Grading Grade Fail Minimum Marks Required out of a Pass Possible 100 marks (overall) Merit 0-49 50-64 Distinction 65-79 80+ LRN Level C2 5

Introduction General Comments LRN Level 3 Certificate in ESOL International (CEF C2) has been designed in line with the Common European Framework for Reference for Languages (CEFR) and is internationally recognised by educational institutes, professional bodies and governments. LRN Level 3 offers some advantages over other similar examinations. First of all, the time you are given for the examination can be used as you best see fit. This means that you may go back and check or correct parts of the exam at any time. Secondly, all multiple choice questions have three options only. In addition, the pass mark is 50%. Finally, retaking the test in event of failure is offered free of charge. All parts of the LRN examination are answered in pencil, including the writing. Although you may write in the test booklet, all answers must be recorded on the mark sheet. Please be sure to record your answers as you do the test. Improper filling in of the answer sheet is the most common problem LRN examiners encounter. Listening In the Listening Section, you will hear English spoken at a natural speed in various contexts, including conversations, lectures, presentations and live broadcasts. Be prepared to hear different speeds, accents and dialects. You should be able to extract information from texts of varying length, listen for grammatical and phonological detail, listen both for gist and specific information and recognise a variety of feelings and viewpoints expressed by a speaker. Listening to authentic sources, such as news broadcasts and television shows, is excellent practice for the Listening Section. All of the conversations have titles, to give you a context. Each conversation is heard twice, allowing you to check your answers the second time. You are allowed to make notes in the Test Booklet. Be especially wary of questions which ask which option is “FALSE” or NOT mentioned. Double negatives need extra thought. In Section 1, make sure your answer is an appropriate response to the question or statement heard. The best answer may be very general or may require you to make a conclusion. There are usually two exchanges, but there may only be one. The questions and statements are generally taken from everyday speech. As is always the case with multiple choice questions, be sure to eliminate incorrect answers as you listen for the correct answer. In Section 2, you hear longer conversations with three to five exchanges. The questions are presented in the order they appear in the conversation. The English is everyday language, and the conversations take place between friends and family, or in slightly more formal situations between two strangers. In Section 3, you hear an extract from a radio talk. The language is formal and the structure usually follows an essay format, with an introduction, main points and conclusion. The questions are presented in the order they appear in the talk. Writing In the Writing Section, you must produce two essays. The skills being tested are: • the ability to plan your writing piece well • the selection of how much to write and the level of detail to include • structuring your writing sequentially and coherently • appropriate format and structure for different purposes • the use of proof-reading to revise writing • the use of complex sentences • correct use of punctuation, grammar and spelling • the use of pronouns to avoid repetition • a range of punctuation • appropriate vocabulary 6 Introduction

There are four main marking criteria, each of which of takes its own points. 1. Overall impression and communication of ideas 2. Task fulfillment 3. Organisation of content and paragraphing 4. Grammar and vocabulary SECTION 1 (No choice of topic – 200-250 words) Task 1 You will hear the talk from Section 3, Listening a third time. You are given space in the Writing Booklet as well as points to help you take notes about the listening. Be sure to take notes about anything else you hear that might be relevant. After hearing the talk, you write your own essay in the Writing Booklet. It is a good idea to add some original ideas of your own rather than just repeating what you heard from the Listening. The essay should only be 200-250 words long, so write concisely. Make sure your handwriting is legible and always proofread your work. TIPS • While taking notes, jot down any other ideas or vocabulary that come to mind at that time • You can used information from the multiple choice questions, but do not copy words or expressions word for word. See TIPS for Section 2 below. SECTION 2 (Choose one out of three topics – 250-300 words) You are asked to write an essay of the following types: Compare and Contrast, Argumentative, Problem-Solution, Cause and Effect and Descriptive. Points are given to assist you, but if possible, add one or two of your own. This is formal writing, which requires appropriate register and style, a proper introduction, two to three body paragraphs and a conclusion. TIPS • Be sure you have examined and understood the topic well and that you cover all aspects of it. For example, if you are asked to describe a problem and its solutions, you must do both. • Start with a plan. You should have plenty of time, and a planned essay is always better organised. • Make sure your paragraphing is clear. Use linkers (On the one hand, In addition, etc.) which signal what the paragraph will contain and how it is organised. The general content of your essay should be understood from your introduction, and the general content of each paragraph should be understood by the topic sentence (the first sentence of the paragraph). • Use language and structures that are appropriate for the topic and for the C2 level. Only use longer and more complex sentences if you are confident they are correct. Accuracy is more important than trying to impress the examiner with unnatural or incorrect structures. • Make sure you expand and build on your ideas, and support with examples whenever possible. • Use clear, legible handwriting. Use only pencil and completely erase errors. • Avoid contractions and informal words/expressions such as “really, nice, a lot, good, bad”, etc. • After you have finished the Reading and Use Section, go back and check both of your essays. Reading and Use Section 1 You are given a long text which is followed by nine questions. Use skimming and scanning techniques to identify where the answers are. The questions are given to you in the order they appear in the text. Remember to use the process of elimination to identify wrong answers. Some questions refer to vocabulary, the function of a word, which word would best fill in a gap, etc. Be careful not to get confused with questions which ask you for the FALSE alternative. You may be asked to draw a conclusion based on what you read. Section 2 You are given two thematically related texts which have four questions after each text. There are also three questions which refer to both passages. They are similar in style to the questions in Section 1. LRN Level C2 7

Introduction Section 3 You are given 20 grammar multiple choice questions which test your knowledge of C2 grammar phenomena, including word order, modal verbs, prepositions, passive structures, phrasal verbs, countable and uncountable nouns, verb tenses, relative clauses, full infinitive versus gerunds, conditionals, inversions, conditional inversions etc. Section 4 You are given an open cloze text with ten gaps, testing the same grammar phenomena as well as vocabulary. Speaking In the LRN Speaking, there are three main sections. You are marked based on a global evaluation on all three sections. Section 1 consists of personal questions concerning hobbies, free time activities, school / college / work, your hometown or neighbourhood and future plans. In Section 2, you talk for about two minutes about the topic you have prepared. A list of the five possible topics is supplied to you at the beginning of the school year. You should prepare your talk well and practise it, to make sure you do not make grammar errors. The interlocutor will ask you some questions about what you have said, and your partner can express his / her point of view on the same topic. Your partner then does the same. In Section 3, you are asked a question related to the topic that you prepared. Some points are given to you, but you should also try to come up with a few original ideas if possible. Your partner will be asked to comment on what you say. Then your partner will go through the same procedure. To do well in the Speaking Section, you are expected to: • express statements of fact • give factual accounts and explanations • give personal information • present information in a logical sequence • include detail and develop ideas • take part in social interaction • express and ask about feelings, likes/dislikes, opinions • narrate past events • relate to other speakers • involve others in a discussion Teachers are advised to consult and practise the list of topics provided 2 weeks in advance of the exam, as well as the list of the previous exam period. The speaking tests in this book are set up in a way so as to familarise the students with the actual flow of the interview. Each student should prepare one of the two questions in the second part in advance. Please note that the first part involves questions from six subject areas, which are recycled in the actual exam. Teachers are encouraged to come up with their own questions in the six subject areas. 8 Introduction

SAMPLE LRN Level C2 9

Model Compositions LRN TEST 1 Level B2 Task 1 The reasons which push people into a life of crime are varied. One major factor is unemployment and The growing tendency for people to become poverty. When you cannot make ends meet or put vegans has become a subject of controversy. food on the table, it is not surprising that you will In your opinion, what are the benefits and do whatever it takes to survive. However, some drawbacks of becoming a vegan? Support your people, especially youths, turn to crime for other views. reasons. Films and video games may present crime More and more, we hear about people becoming as an easy or glamorous way to get wealthy, or they vegans, both for practical and ethical reasons. To may be influenced by their friends. Finally, in many my mind, despite some difficulties, veganism is cases the inefficiency of law enforcement agencies the only acceptable option for humans. also leads to criminal rings getting stronger and There is no denying that for a large proportion stronger, resulting in more crimes being committed. of the population, giving up meat would be Increasing crime affects society in countless ways. inconceivable. Many Western diets are based on First and foremost, citizens do not feel safe in their hamburgers, steaks and cheese. It is also argued own homes, or when moving around their towns. that animal products contain vital minerals and This dramatically decreases the quality of life and vitamins that cannot be found in a plant-based increases stress levels, especially in urban areas. diet. Finally, it cannot be denied that some vegan Of course, there are also financial repercussions. foods are very unhealthy, as in an attempt to Taxpayers must foot the bill of the ever-increasing make them taste like meat, they contain flavour number of prisons, as well as larger police forces enhancers and artificial ingredients. and court expenses. Businesses also suffer as they However, breeding and consuming animals is must cover the cost of property that is damaged impractical and immoral, especially if one examines or goods that are stolen. Finally, worst of all is the the conditions under which they are kept. There feeling that the law of the jungle is predominant, are also many toxins such as hormones that are and that violence becomes part and parcel of our used on the animals, which humans ultimately everyday lives. consume. It is also undeniable that vegans have In conclusion, it is clear that rising crime rates must a lower incidence of disease and heart attacks, be dealt with if we wish to live higher quality lives. due to lower cholesterol levels and better health Otherwise, we will continue to live in fear in a world in general. Finally, much of our planet is being that is constantly becoming more dangerous. destroyed to accommodate cattle so that we can eat meat. Entire jungles are being razed, with Task 3 disastrous consequences for our planet. In conclusion, veganism is the only way for human Nowadays, many children are encouraged beings to be healthy, be fair to animals and to to start doing sports at a very young age. protect the planet we live on. It is high time we In your opinion, what are the advantages changed our habits and be humane to other living and disadvantages of starting sports young? creatures. Support your views. Most modern parents are keen to have their Task 2 children participate in athletic activities, both for reasons of physical fitness and character Crime rates are rising in most urban areas development. However, there is much discussion all over the world. In your opinion, why do surrounding at what age a child should start doing people become criminals and what are the sports. consequences of rising crime for society? On the one hand, it is widely believed that a child Support your views. is never too young to start doing sports. Anything The increase in criminal activity is the focus of that involves physical movement is healthy, and much discussion, as it is a phenomenon that is will keep them away from screen time. When very happening at a global level. There are various young children do sports, it is usually more like factors which have led to this rise in crime and creative play that is fun and keeps them active. many consequences which affect all of us. In addition, team sports help children to develop cooperation skills and learn the meaning of sportsmanship. Finally, it is also true that in order to become a professional athlete, a person must start a sport at a very young age. Otherwise, this will not be an option. LRN Level C2 193

Audioscript TEST 1 Number 5. Finding an electrician This is the LRN Listening Examination Level 3 C2. Dwayne: I need to find an electrician, and quickly. ➤ LISTENING - SECTION 1 Something odd is going on with the lights in my house. Do you know anyone, Linda? Listen to 10 short conversations. For questions 1-10, Linda: Actually, I do, Dwayne. A cousin of mine is choose the best answer (A, B or C). You will hear just finishing his training, but he’s worked each conversation TWICE. You now have 2 minutes as an apprentice for years. He probably to read the questions. Mark your answers on the knows more than most properly licensed separate Answer Sheet. electricians. Shall I give you his number? [2 minutes] Number 6. Bottled water Number 1. Janice: Harry, don’t tell me you’ve started drinking Freshly brewed coffee Janet: Hey Mike, would you like a cup of freshly bottled water! Do you realise how harmful that is to the environment? Big companies brewed coffee? I’m trying out a new coffee are literally robbing communities of their bean from Kenya. drinking water so they can sell it to people Mike: I’d love some. The whole house smells of like you, people willing to pay a fortune to coffee beans! It’s wonderful. drink something we should all have for free. Janet: That’s because I also bought a coffee grinder. Harry: But Janice, isn’t bottled water healthier than That way, every pot is the freshest it can tap water? With fewer chemicals? possibly be. Janice: On the contrary. Having sat for months in Mike: But I bet it’s caffeinated, isn’t it, Janet? Because plastic means than the water you’re drinking of my blood pressure, I only drink decaf. is full of other pollutants and chemicals. Janet: That completely slipped my mind. But I just Don’t forget that plastic is made from petrol, don’t find that decaf tastes as good and there some of which seeps into the water you are far fewer varieties available. drink. It may seem easier to just buy a bottle when you’re thirsty, but think of the harm Number 2. you’re doing. A crime novel James: Sarah, I finally got round to reading that crime Number 7. Catching a train novel we were discussing. It wasn’t half bad, Tara: Zach, can we stop for a quick coffee on our way to be honest. Sarah: You’ve got to be kidding, James! I figured out to the train station? “whodunnit” from the second chapter. I kept Zach: Are you serious? We’ll barely make it as it is, hoping there’d be some bizarre twist, but no luck. James: You’re a lot smarter than me, then! Tara. Get one on the train. Tara: The coffee on the train is horrible. Don’t worry, Number 3. A traffic jam I’ll just have a shot of espresso right now. Your Ben: Sophie, why didn’t you put on your GPS? espresso maker is really fast, and I can drink it while you’re driving. There’s a terrible traffic jam ahead that we could have avoided. It would have been a lot Number 8. faster to have taken the back roads instead Dance classes of the motorway. Lucas: Camilla, are you coming to the dance class Sophie: Ben, you know I always use my GPS. I’m lost without it. But I’m out of data so there’s no with me? You’ve paid for it, and yet you information on traffic. hardly show up for a single lesson. Ben: Well then, your GPS isn’t much use, is it? Camilla: I know I don’t attend as often as I should, Sophie: It certainly is. I’d have no idea where we but it’s been a hectic month, with my dad were if I hadn’t used it. being in hospital and all. Lucas: I understand you’ve had a tough time, but Number 4. your dad is fine now and it was nothing A staff summer party serious. Perhaps you’re not as enthusiastic Dana: Fancy seeing you here, Sam! You weren’t at about dance as you were. Camilla: To be honest, I thought I’d be better at it. last year’s summer party. In fact, you hardly But you’re right, Lucas, I should keep at it. ever show up for any of the company events! I’ll come by your place and we can drive Sam: Hi Dana. That’s not true – I just happen to down together. go to the ones that you skip! But I heard the catering for this is being done by Select Number 9. for the first time. They do amazing food! I Making jewellery wouldn’t have missed it for the world! Jack: How is that jewellery-making class going, 208 Audioscript Victoria?

GLOSSARY LISTENING Section 2 Practice Test 1 Section 1 11. seminar (n) σεμινάριο 1. upset (adj) αναστατωμένος freshly (adv) πρόσφατα motorway (n) αυτοκινητόδρομος brewed (adj) φτιάχνω, ετοιμάζω set up (phr v) στήνω, ετοιμάζω according to (prep) σύμφωνα με late (adj) αργοπορημένος prefer (v) προτιμώ 12. decaf (adj) ντεκαφεϊνέ turn (n) στροφή favourite (adj) αγαπημένος route (n) διαδρομή 2. on purpose (adv) επίτηδες crime (n) έγκλημα nature (n) φύση novel (n) μυθιστόρημα 13. infer (v) συμπεραίνω priority (n) προτεραιότητα impress (v) εντυπωσιάζω take care of (expr) φροντίζω finish (v) τελειώνω staff (n) προσωπικό complicated (adj) περίπλοκος leader (n) ηγέτης 3. worker (n) εργαζόμενος traffic (n) κίνηση 14. traffic jam (n) μποτιλιάρισμα agree (v) συμφωνώ 4. deserve (v) αξίζω company (n) εταιρεία fire (v) απολύω catering (n) τροφοδοσία important (adj) σημαντικός 5. 15. electrician (n) ηλεκτρολόγος promotional (adj) διαφημιστικός cousin (n) ξάδερφος fashionable (adj) μοδάτος study (v) σπουδάζω part (n) μέρος wrong (adj) λάθος, σφάλμα 16. 6. trendy (adj) μοδάτος bottled (adj) εμφιαλωμένος usually (adv) συνήθως inexpensive (adj) φθηνός crowded (adj) συνωστισμένος convenient (adj) βολικός 17. 7. complain (v) παραπονιέμαι catch (v) προλαβαίνω electronic (adj) ηλεκτρονικός on the way (adv) καθ’ οδόν invite (v) προσκαλώ station (n) σταθμός accompany (v) συνοδεύω 8. 18. imply (v) υπονοώ repair (n) επισκευή interest (n) ενδιαφέρον present (n) δώρο lose interest (expr) χάνω το ενδιαφέρον paint (v) βάφω consider (v) εξετάζω το ενδεχόμενο secretly (adv) κρυφά quit (v) τα παρατάω 19. 9. recommend (v) προτείνω jewellery (n) κοσμήματα part (n) μέρος previous (adj) προηγούμενος contact (v) επικοινωνώ experience (n) εμπειρία manufacturer (n) κατασκευαστής recently (adv) πρόσφατα purchase (v) αγοράζω interesting (adj) ενδιαφέρων 20. pendant (n) μενταγιόν care (v) με νοιάζει a piece of jewellery (expr) κόσμημα reputation (n) φήμη 10. important (adj) σημαντικός public transport (n) δημόσιες συγκοινωνίες recommend (v) συστήνω main (adj) κύριος problem (n) πρόβλημα Section 3 amount (n) ποσό cost (n) κόστος 21. condition (n) κατάσταση vegan (n) χορτοφάγος product (n) προϊόν weather conditions (n) καιρικές συνθήκες expert (n) ειδικός Pra ctice T est 1 u 5

LRN Perfect Partners: C2 Reactivate your Grammar PRACTICE TESTS & Vocabulary C1/C2 Hamilton House LRN C2 Practice Tests contains Reactivate your Writing C1/C2 ten complete practice tests for the LRN Level 3 Certificate in ESOL International (CEF C2). The tests have been specifically written to comply with the level, content and rationale of the most recent LRN C2 examinations. They have been designed to familiarise students with the format and style of the examination as well as to ensure that students are thoroughly prepared. Key features: ● 10 complete practice tests for the LRN C2 examination ● an overview of the examination ● detailed information about each section of the examination with helpful tips ● model compositions to help students improve their performance in the Writing Section of the examination The Teacher’s Edition contains the overprinted key and justification of the answers to the reading tasks, as well as a complete Listening audioscript with underlined answers. The Listening audioscript with underlined answers is also available online at www.hamiltonhousepublishers.com. LRN C2 Practice Tests consists of: LRN C2 Practice Tests Student’s Book LRN C2 Practice Tests Teacher’s Book LRN C2 Practice Tests Glossary LRN C2 Practice Tests Audio CDs LRN C2 Practice Tests Interactive Whiteboard Software