Ultimate English B2 Student's Book

Katrina Gormley English Rob Nicholas Dawn Watson B2 STUDENT’S BOOK

Contents UNIT ULTIMATE Reading ULTIMATE Vocabulary in Use ULTIMATE Grammar in Use 1 Multiple choice questions • E ntertainment and the media • P resent simple, present Lights, Camera, (Underlining key words) vocabulary continuous, stative verbs Action! • C ollocations, expressions, phrasal • P resent perfect simple, present verbs, word formation perfect continuous pages 5–18 • mini Practice (selective cloze) • mini Practice (open cloze) 2 Missing sentences • Travel and holiday vocabulary • P ast simple, past continuous, Journeys of (Looking for similar or • Collocations, expressions, phrasal used to Discovery contrasting ideas) verbs, word formation • P ast perfect simple, past perfect • mini Practice (word formation) continuous pages 19–34 Multiple choice questions/four • m ini Practice (key word related texts • Environmental issues vocabulary transformation) 3 (Eliminating wrong answers) • E asily confused words, collocations, Respect Our Planet phrasal verbs, prepositions, word • Future tenses (future simple, be Multiple matching formation going to, future continuous, future pages 35–48 (Finding evidence in texts) • mini Practice (selective cloze) perfect simple, future perfect continuous), temporals 4 • Health and fitness vocabulary • Question tags Fit For Life • E xpressions, easily confused words, • mini Practice (open cloze) phrasal verbs, word formation pages 49–64 • m ini Practice (multiple choice • M odals, semi-modals and modal questions) perfect verbs • m ini Practice (key word transformation) 5 Missing sentences • Crime and punishment vocabulary • Gerunds and infinitives Law and Order (Looking for reference words) • Collocations, prepositions, word • mini Practice (open cloze) formation pages 65–78 • mini Practice (word formation) 6 Multiple choice questions/ • C areers and employment • Conditionals, mixed conditionals, You’re Hired! four related texts vocabulary conditionals without if, I wish/If (Reading the questions and • C ollocations, phrasal verbs, easily only pages 79–94 skimming the texts) confused words, word formation • mini Practice (key word • mini Practice (selective cloze) transformation) 7 Multiple matching • Shopping and consumerism • Reported speech Add to Cart (Summarising each section) vocabulary • Reporting verbs • Easily confused words, online • m ini Practice (key word pages 95–108 Missing sentences shopping vocabulary, phrasal verbs, transformation) (Understanding linking words) word formation 8 • mini Practice (word formation) • Relative clauses Making the Grade • Participle clauses • E ducation and technology • mini Practice (open cloze) pages 109–124 vocabulary • Phrasal verbs, collocations, 9 expressions, word formation Better Together • mini Practice (selective cloze) pages 125–138 Multiple choice questions/ • Relationships vocabulary • The passive voice four related texts • P hrasal verbs, prepositions, • Impersonal and personal passive 10 (Answering questions that refer expressions, word formation structures It’s Just Science! to two or more sections) • mini Practice (word formation) • mini Practice (key word transformation) pages 139–154 Multiple matching • Science and innovation vocabulary • Causative forms (Matching key words in • C ollocations, easily confused words, • Clauses questions with ideas in texts) word formation • mini Practice (open cloze) • m ini Practice (multiple choice questions) 2

ULTIMATE Listening/Speaking ULTIMATE Writing Review 1 p. 16 ULTIMATE Listening Informal email Multiple choice questions (Eliminating wrong answers) • Using the correct style B2 Practice 1 pages 17–18 ULTIMATE Speaking Talking about yourself (Giving full answers) ULTIMATE Listening Story: Beginning with a sentence Review 2 Sentence completion (Predicting what you will hear) • Making your story easy to follow p. 30 • Using descriptive verbs B2 Practice 2 ULTIMATE Speaking pages 31–32 Comparing and contrasting photos Progress check 1 (Units 1–2) (Talking about similarities and differences; speculating) pages 33–34 ULTIMATE Listening Opinion essay Review 3 Multiple choice questions/pictures (Focusing on pictures) • D eciding if you agree or disagree with p. 46 a statement B2 Practice 3 ULTIMATE Speaking • Giving reasons and examples pages 47–48 Helping solve a problem (Giving your opinion; justifying your choice) ULTIMATE Listening Article Review 4 Multiple matching (Identifying differences between • Engaging your reader p. 60 speakers) B2 Practice 4 For and against essay pages 61–62 ULTIMATE Speaking • Writing a strong introduction Progress check 2 (Units 3–4) Making a decision (Interacting with your partner; • Writing a good conclusion pages 63–64 managing the discussion) Formal email Review 5 ULTIMATE Listening • Using the correct style p. 76 Multiple choice questions (Understanding distraction) • Making suggestions B2 Practice 5 pages 77–78 ULTIMATE Speaking Review Comparing and contrasting photos (Organising your • Describing positive and negative aspects Review 6 response) • Adding emphasis p. 90 B2 Practice 6 ULTIMATE Listening Article pages 91–92 Multiple choice questions/short talk (Studying the • Varying your language (1) Progress check 3 (Units 5–6) differences between the four options) • Varying your language (2) pages 93–94 ULTIMATE Speaking Opinion essay Review 7 Helping solve a problem (Evaluating options; justifying • Organising your ideas p. 106 your opinion) • Ordering points within paragraphs B2 Practice 7 pages 107–108 ULTIMATE Listening Article Sentence completion (Completing the gaps with the • Avoiding repetition Review 8 words you hear) • Reviewing your writing p. 120 B2 Practice 8 ULTIMATE Speaking pages 121–122 Discussion questions (Engaging in a discussion) Progress check 4 (Units 7–8) pages 123–124 ULTIMATE Listening Multiple matching (Listening for ideas that match the Review 9 options) p. 136 B2 Practice 9 ULTIMATE Speaking pages 137–138 Making a decision (Arriving at a joint decision) Review 10 ULTIMATE Listening p. 150 Multiple choice questions/pictures (Listening closely to B2 Practice 10 the conversations) pages 151–152 Progress check 5 (Units 9–10) ULTIMATE Speaking pages 153–154 Helping solve a problem (Narrowing down your choice) ULTIMATE Listening Multiple choice questions (Listening for cues) ULTIMATE Speaking Discussion questions (Developing your answers) Grammar reference pages 155–170 Writing bank pages 172–177 Irregular verbs page 171 Speaking bank pages 178–179 3

You’re Hired! 1 Read the quote and discuss these questions with a partner. 1 What does the writer want to encourage people to do? 2 What might this mean practically? Can you explain it with an example? 3 What dreams do you have for your future? Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs. Farrah Gray, business developer 2 Think about your dream job. In groups, Unit map discuss the skills you will need for it. Reading: Multiple choice questions (four related texts) Use these words and phrases and give Vocabulary: Careers and employment reasons for your ideas. Grammar: Conditionals, mixed conditionals, I wish/If only Listening: Multiple choice questions (short talk) • b e dedicated/punctual/disciplined/ Speaking: Helping solve a problem creative/patient/sociable Writing: Formal email B2 Practice: Open cloze, key word transformation, multiple choice • have good communication/writing/ drawing/leadership skills questions (Listening) • b e good with numbers/colleagues/ customers/children/your hands 79

Next-generation jobs Multiple choice questions (four related texts) Reading 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO A 1 What has been the impact of robots and artificial intelligence on people’s jobs in recent years? 2 What different skills will employers expect people to have in the future? 2  Listen and read. Then answer the questions. 1 What do all the sections have in common? 2 Which section (A–D) mentions another one directly? Why does it do this? 3 Where would you find these types of text? Software development intern Don’t you wish you could earn money while gaining hands-on experience in computer engineering? If so, apply for our summer internship programme. This exciting position calls for a dedicated team player who is looking for a career development opportunity. Job description As a software development intern, you will co-operate with a team of highly-skilled software engineers to develop next-generation software technology. You will test our latest technology and provide solutions for our customers. Education and requirements • Currently enrolled on a computer science degree course • Ability to work in a fast-paced environment • Good communication skills B C tE9o#atE59hh#sDac%E1ye8er#sSaat%mej3lyeaohoptsotaSa%xIebyfeeaboWfctooptnslxipesfheiyironlosfvpaaaoxppectacfhpilllnsrwpnuouamaaipaeonmeaalgtmnnrrraanaceteeen,eagmtinriterlmwnnowatnteyseaaidiattelnntooostcnssdaksmiid:ttnaxnuaooupedis‘cenn:lelInlpaoyodmdigttv’‘dcd:stWnenoocoheotie‘ar’dafhohInrellttauvhlnoeadde’lelpcihsetdsewdyapeyociladncuoawstgbmehuvtretninimoeayigeerfancbspd!onrndtidyeyeauesrdotexmisiyrtchotcnpuorseaohlenssotulnrfnamiaatitsslegraapwuini.rn’kpnjlrcedwpoyaeroahdctsebrhwgnoieIeeojli’nraysdtnohtapd?sttrhtdceamtlabeieParesutcttneu,grih?atiiiro’aitnnrtrsneahatpvbvioejstsmbeeaoaoo!!lsyoyrobbldbvenauglschaeyynneytlyiisat.rwndnLm!’seisIevmofTwypoowmtwae!rlhcPvooedicElaetaridoitetttk!tgeuomhnefthHrocahrt.dtp’tsesrtesoaco’orty,eenbnuhiItdyutteaphfosyowrorieaonffrhatomesantcroshdtaosmseutmteesoe.’ Subject: New job! Wednesday, 3rd June Hi Jane, How are you? I need your help! I’m seeing my parents this weekend and I just know they’ll ask me about my summer plans. I’ve applied for an internship with a computer software firm (see the attached job ad). If I get the job, I’ll be able to gain valuable experience that will help me with my degree and future career. The trouble is that I don’t know how to explain what it actually involves to my parents. If only they were more technology minded! If you can think of a simple way to explain it, please get in touch. Sasha 80

3 Read the texts again and answer the questions. 1 What is the main purpose of section A? 7 In the second paragraph of section D, which word could best replace emerging? A to welcome new employees to a company A popular B to give career advice to students C to advertise the possibility of gaining useful job B traditional skills C boring D to suggest fun ways students can spend the D developing summer 8 What does the writer of section D imply about the future 2 In the first sentence of section A, which word could of jobs? best replace hands-on? A There won’t be enough jobs for everybody. A valuable B Algorithms will replace people in almost all jobs. B practical C theoretical C New types of jobs will continue to appear. D Unemployment will create huge problems. D personal 3 In the second paragraph of section B, what does it Work it out! refer to? Reading the questions and skimming the texts A the internship job • In multiple choice tasks, only one of the four options B Sasha’s degree C Sasha’s future career answers the question directly and correctly. The other D the email attachment options are designed to distract you. • Read all the questions carefully before reading the 4 How does section B differ from the other sections? options A–D. A It’s about a specific job. • Skim the texts to find information that relates to B It talks about the future. each question. For example, question 1 asks about C It’s a personal message. the purpose of section A. In order to answer this, D It mentions a general problem. ask yourself questions like who has written the text, who the intended reader is, and what information 5 In section C, what point does the writer make about is communicated. These questions will help you to parents? understand the writer’s main purpose. • A nswer each question based on the ideas in the text, A Parents aren’t involved in their children’s career but use your own words. choice. • Read all the options and decide which option is closest to your own answer. This is probably the correct answer. B Parents are confused about their children’s job duties. 4 Circle the correct words. C Children deliberately choose jobs that confuse 1 What do you do / have / make for a living? their parents. 2 If I were you, I’d apply at / for / to the summer job. 3 Do you have any fast-paced / hands-on / skilled D Children don’t talk to their parents about their jobs. experience? 6 In the last sentence of section C, what does them refer to? A clients B data analysts C the writer’s parents D 95% of parents 4 If you want to be a success, make a career D description / development / requirement plan. Future jobs: How will the next 5 Can you work alone and take the initiative / generation make a living? by Rosa Olden internship / position when necessary? TteFetmnnohmhoneeiefretalweoeilsrrdirlroclgwifoohtgnuihywnaiottcseyguoautnsrwelltr-eeotralroow..egecHIraenmfakcvottthfaeaehwojrarkorireesssebcfevoaebhsarenrrawwrplodp,oiaviuaiputluticglhernhnchbngsitoitenvh.s.rNe,eceddprxreoirescenwinaiioggttesyihpjitnobntloggebygsraskwoalayridpalilegdlluprlscoeiao,hegrtrtcniaiehttotvtusaheneslnwmswtwtituthosaoiodoenirfrynisltln,dldyt7dh.i5se 6 What has been your career path / road / street Fnydamtdwywefocehebiliexrgareahwdeioaeititnxryansuthurasiaajtt’stbtwno.tltgeytJiwfbhaeomeoloeryitsexdrooutbteoais,ywamrklslsruw,dykywtnkdii,rn.’nlneboetshilF’ohsoatwtmceatowciecwehontmrlikueepanmrg.tinsdehevCltnwiwtehpesgrenospegeoioitiwnearnlanlirrlnsaanaitnjtk.etlnocongTalcraiqebdnadenbelhfusnge,ixewsseioeeimswinkcfndlsaffpidioayotepstolterlsncloirrhisycean.tnmdul,aadtTticigiiikoslsatifevhlticeifeshewstdoeotokhdc,seionorvereaaytstenwadjntbwwjh.orodweqalasbaebitryuovthsnentdihcas1wettnwdeileey3aaigneocsth0layuiencwtitembewcxrmrh’stoaiihitielpterikrnlifydlidnttskenlkkyiiiotafwoaooaeoynntngwnor’doct,e until now? 7 If I hadn’t applied / enrolled / hired on the course, I wouldn’t have got the right qualifications. 8 Having a skilled employer / graduate / workforce is important to all companies. Debate club With your partner, discuss the question below. Use the ideas given and add your own. Then take turns to present your arguments. Young people should get a part-time job while they study. Agree or disagree? • be financially independent • gain experience • have too many commitments • need to relax I really feel that a part-time In my opinion, it’s the job teaches young people how parents’ job to support to be financially independent. their children financially. Reading 81

Vocabulary in Use Careers and employment 1 Complete the text with these words. Then listen and check your answers. applicants application form covering letter crew member employees entertainer finance income prior experience retail Mshyostpepreyr ssEsnWettveuuhneeddisndleeeeinnifosstttofssthmoiwewneihdhhroeoopplpedaedeoraodneprodnnjluewettssnmnhtccetaiaeghirnhjaiotottabpwftt,fhronotoihnr1v2deikdttteorhsues.tehlanisdstttthhhaeintmgthtuoenrueivneatiehrrvnseeeijritomrsyyisatsttyntuh,uydedieens.ts or acesisi5c3Anfhnoxtopadyaidmmlpnoumdteldupsrhypet’alfirerelnunreeitdegnp’,eslsauysfj,baooyotcs(uirbkurncudytsaa)cmh,enho4jydnoiuogbaatbthuyesjott’clpsghalbehaoenbsn.ortoreTjoteibpdoniheeidywanetsteofsvhwh.frssoiieTiiotrcicg!ehssrrh6htdtkeiabtiaytentnehronugteiysinsanaopugan.sgueanYy,rrialdoonelf(syeuustnkwecpt’)ilutaralle7lvskifscatioueeiilaarnsawpnloglsll.ldytyansAuctimehpdfaeeaaeyfoadavfrnotn,tetituttdvsfwhotar.hoheoetwFariomedooevrskorienpteat,ehiinnrstaeeoaadn(lsdian,tt)y party yjNa8eiaIosofbxabmuyphotsoueiuymruorrsteaiintedspglelinhrcyrgteycrt,onufetgisehsinehsarhegteonaorlpudenspupphcataieihknrapdreyes.sus!,Aatslaotbel.(mwrneuFrevani)tynsiysv9ct,asthiearelelohnrtyrnhuyd,emneisftaydhoeyrrorenoerepetudlc,poprespetosiosevrurreftoimhs1off0amranppooepsmthsraysieistodoiatuqoonrc’nuerduaeasfsllrcttiiekootryueembi,otseehoferoftbiswwhlheleheciipdoor?f,mosroe entertainer? 2 Complete the sentences with the correct 3 Circle the correct word to complete the phrasal verbs. Then form of these verbs. match them to their definitions. lack make pursue receive resign seek 1 I heard that the software company is taking on / over new staff. Why don’t you apply? 1 I can’t believe that she resigned 2 You don’t have to work late today because the meeting has from her high-paid job in banking to work been called for / off. on a farm! 3 My sister is going to take over / on the family business 2 When the company closed, hundreds when my dad retires next year. of people in the area had to 4 Mum, can you look at this application form with me before employment I fill it in / on? elsewhere. 5 If he doesn’t stop working so hard, he’ll soon burn up / out. 3 He wasn’t offered the job because he 6 They are doing their best to avoid laying off / around more the necessary staff. qualifications. 7 We’d better get up to / down to work if we want to finish 4 Why do you want to our report today. a career in medicine? a  : become very tired or sick from 5 The number of people who working too hard unemployment b : cancel a planned event benefit in the UK has increased c  : provide written answers to complete dramatically in the past year. a form, etc. 6 The local factory two d : begin to concentrate on a task hundred people redundant when it closed e  : stop employing somebody because down last month. there is not enough work for them to do f : employ someone g  : replace somebody by becoming responsible for their job duties 82

4 Which prefixes can be used with each of these words? How does the meaning of the words change when you add these prefixes? inter- non- over- self- under- – – 1 confident overconfident self-confident – 2 employed 3 essential 4 national 5 optimistic 6 paid 7 stop 8 used 5 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 4. 6 Complete the sentences using the two words given. 1 Don’t think you can go to a meeting unprepared; apprentice trainee it doesn’t pay to be overconfident . 1 Her son is a(n) teacher and her daughter is 2 I’d like to travel abroad, so I’m going to apply a(n) electrician. for jobs with companies. benefits salary , he gets a pension and 3 My teacher circled every adverb in my essay 2 In addition to his . medical and told me they were . employees employers 4 Henry refuses to look for a better job, even 3  who offer good salaries keep their though he knows that he’s . longer. 5 The company is struggling financially and needs occupation post to cut all expenses. 4 Susan’s as a teacher started when she got a(n) at the local primary school. 6 My brother doesn’t have a boss; he’s . permanent temporary 7 She thinks she’s already got the job, but I think 5 Some companies try to save money by employing workers rather than giving them she’s being . They have positions. interviewed others with more experience. 8 He has worked for days to promotion recruitment set up his online store. 6 Jane received a at work last month and she mini Practice is now responsible for the of all new staff. 7 Read and choose the correct answers. Sleeping on the job Is your boss overworking you? Are you concerned that you’re going to 1 ? Well, you’ll be thrilled to learn that you could make some extra 2 by sleeping! A popular brand of beds is seeking volunteers to test out their products. The successful 3 will receive a mattress, pillows and blankets which are worth up to £600. They’ll be allowed to keep it all when they have done the ‘work’. The 4 description is simple: testers only need to give honest feedback about the quality of their sleep while using these products for four weeks. For their ‘efforts’, they will receive £300 and a free Netflix subscription as an added 5 ! We’re sure you’ll agree that the 6 conditions are comfortable and relaxed. To 7 for the job, all you need to do is to write a short personal statement outlining why you are perfect for the role. The bed company is keen to hear about all the times you’ve been late for work after sleeping through your alarm clock, and your top tips for a good night’s sleep. After that, you’ll only need to put on your cosiest pyjamas, jump into bed and 8 to business! Sweet dreams! 1 A lay off B take over C call off D burn out TIPS 2 A salaries B income C living D benefits 3 A applicants B employees C apprentices D trainees Question 6: Which word 4 A post B career C position D job goes best with ‘conditions’? 5 A qualification B requirement C benefit D experience Question 8: Which 6 A occupation B job C working D post phrasal verb requires two 7 A apply B enrol C pursue D seek prepositions to make sense? 8 A take over B get down C take on D fill in Vocabulary in Use 83

Grammar in Use 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. 1 If someone went on a job interview, how would Use the correct type of conditional. they benefit from rehearsing the answers to basic questions? 1 If I had known (know) that the job would be so demanding, I wouldn’t have taken it. 2 What impression would someone make if they didn’t have a few questions ready for their 2 People are more successful if they interviewer? (choose) a career that fits Conditionals their personality. 2 Read about conditionals. 3 If I could change one thing about my job, I (work) from home. Zero conditional We use the zero conditional to talk about things 4 If you (do) well in the that are always or generally true. interview, you will start work on Monday. If you dress smartly for interviews, you usually feel 5 How (you / spend) your time if more confident. First conditional you didn’t have to work? We use the first conditional to talk about something that is possible now or in the future. 6 When you press this button, the scanner If you do well in this post, you will get a promotion. (start) working. Second conditional We use the second conditional to talk about 7 You’ll lose your job if you (be) something that is impossible or unlikely in the late again. present or the future. We also use it to give advice, usually with If I were you. 8 I (apply) for the job if I had If I had the skills, I would be a professional sportsman. seen the online ad. If I were you, I would turn down this job offer. Third conditional Mixed conditionals, conditionals We use the third conditional to talk about things without if, I wish/If only in the past that were possible, but didn’t happen. If I’d heard about the vacancy, I would have 4 Read about mixed conditionals, conditionals applied for it. without if and I wish/If only. Read 6.1–6.4 of the Grammar reference before you do the tasks. Mixed conditionals In mixed conditionals, the clauses refer to 84 different times. Mixed conditionals are often used to talk about the imagined result of a hypothetical event in the past. If I had accepted that job offer, I would be a manager now. Conditionals without if In the if clause of first conditional sentences, we can also use unless (= if not), providing (that)/ provided (= if), on condition that (= if), in case (= if) and as/so long as (= if). I will agree to go, providing that they pay for my expenses. I wish/If only We use I wish or If only to express regret about the present or past, a complaint or the desire for something to change. I wish I had trained to be a lawyer. If only he knew the truth. Read 6.5–6.7 of the Grammar reference before you do the tasks.

5 Complete the sentences with these words. case condition long only providing (that) unless 1  the manager doesn’t find out, there won’t be a problem. 2 You will be fine as as you don’t fall behind with your studies. 3 Pete is prepared to resign they give him a pay rise. 4 Iwill accept the job offer on that the salary is mini Practice acceptable. 7 Complete the second sentence so that it means 5 If he had listened to what the same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. his friends had advised him to do. 1 I’m not rich because I didn’t win the lottery. 6 Keep your receipt in you WON need to exchange your purchase. If 6 Circle the correct answer to make the right wish for the lottery, I would be rich now. 2 He regrets not going to university. the situation given. WISHES He 1 You didn’t find out more about the job before you accepted it. to university. 3 We won’t email you if we don’t have a problem. ‘I wish I had found out / would find out more UNLESS about the job before I accepted it.’ W e won’t email you 2 You don’t know what to do. a problem. ‘If only I knew / know what to do.’ 4 It’s a pity she didn’t apply for the internship. ONLY 3 You are annoyed at your friend because he keeps If lying to you. the internship. ‘I wish you will / would stop lying to me.’ 5 You need to have the right qualifications to get 4 I don’t live near my office. the job. ‘If only I live / lived closer to my office.’ PROVIDING Y ou’ll get the job 5 Ted regrets dropping out of school. ‘If only I hadn’t dropped out / wouldn’t drop out the right qualifications. 6 He won’t have to worry about money if he of school.’ receives unemployment benefit. 6 You’re disappointed because there aren’t more AS part-time jobs to choose from. He won’t have to worry about money ‘If only there would be / were more part-time unemployment benefit. jobs to choose from.’ 7 I don’t think you should lay off more staff. WERE 7 You want to know if your friend has any regrets If I about the past. lay off more staff. ‘Do you wish you did / had done things 8 I didn’t know your career plans and I didn’t differently?’ advise you. 8 You’re not happy about the amount of homework WOULD you have to do. If I had known your career plans, I  ‘I wish I didn’t / don’t have so much homework!’ you. TIPS Question 1: Is this a third or a mixed conditional? Why? Question 2: How do we use wish to express regret in the past? Grammar in Use 85

Multiple choice questions (short talk) 1 Read about the two internships for university students. Work in pairs and suggest one disadvantage for each. Listening A Internship in engineering Advantage The programme combines Students can learn full-time employment and part- practical skills and earn time study. Your job will involve an income while they are still at university. installing telecommunication systems, and testing and fitting Disadvantage machinery. B Internship in health and Advantage social care Students can get The programme combines part- hands-on experience time employment and full-time while keeping up with study. Your job will involve their studies. working in a hospital or care Disadvantage home. 2 Listen to the beginning of a short talk and answer the questions. 1 What is the speaker’s role? 3 What is the purpose of the meeting? 2 Who is she talking to? 4 Why does the speaker say, ‘There is one golden rule, though’? 3  Listen and read the text. Then read the information Work it out! in WORK IT OUT! and choose the correct answer. Why Studying the differences between the four options are the other options wrong? • Read the options carefully so that you understand Woman: T he timetable, which is now being the exact meaning of each one. Some statements displayed here on the board, will give will be very similar to what you hear on the you details of your sessions. Some of recording, but one or more words might change the you may have noticed that you were overall meaning and make that answer incorrect. due to start at 9.00 am today. Not to • Look at the underlined text. Which of the four worry, that session has been put back options mentions a ‘change’? a little since this is our first day. • Look at option A. Does the speaker say that the trainees will have to ‘copy the timetable’? What does the speaker say about the timetable? • L ook at option B. Does the speaker say that the A They should write it down. trainees will ‘start their first session at 9.00 am’? B They will all begin their first session at 9.00 am. • Look at option C. Does the speaker say she will C She will give them details of their sessions. ‘personally give them details of their sessions’? D There is a slight modification in today’s schedule. 4  Listen to a short talk and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D. 1 What is the main purpose of the talk? 4 What does the speaker imply about people who A to discipline poorly-behaved workers aren’t well suited? B to introduce the programme to new trainees C to give career information to students A They may be placed in another programme. D to inform instructors about the sessions B They will be asked to review the situation. C They will have to repeat the programme. 2 What does the speaker say about contacting her? D They may be asked to leave. A An appointment is always necessary. B She has offices in different departments. 5 What is the speaker going to do next? C She spends her breaks in the garden. A take some participants to their first session D Her secretary can always find her. B give a tour of the department C speak to the electrical engineers 3 What does the speaker say is in the booklets? D register people for robotics A a schedule of sessions for each person B information about career paths C the programme’s rules and regulations D a list of jobs that trainees can choose from 5  Listen to the talk again. Then discuss with your partner why the other options in questions 1 and 2 are wrong. 86

Helping solve a problem 1 Which of the following statements do you disagree with? Why? 1 Everyone should have a university degree. Speaking 2 It is very difficult to get a decent job without at least a university degree. 3 The sooner you start working, the sooner you can get on your career path. 4 You must always follow what your heart tells you to do. 2 Look at the photos. What is the situation? What 3 Work in pairs. Read the information and complete the table are the two options and how are they different? with your ideas. Situation What are the Option 1 Option 2 I am 18 years old and I need to decide what options? to do when I finish school this summer. Setting up an online Pursuing a Option 1 channel degree The first option is to The second Option 2 turn her hobby into a option is to go profession and set up to university and an online channel with get a degree. tips on unboxing and reviewing new gadgets. What are the She can do something She can get a advantages? that she’s really better job if she good at. has a university degree. What are the disadvantages? 4  Listen to a student recommending one of the options and complete ✓Language checklist the text with these phrases. Evaluating options Given the facts, I’d say that … is the best option the reason would advise wouldn’t recommend would work best option. Student: Given the facts, I’d say that setting up her own online I would (not) recommend/suggest … I’d advise you/him/her/them (not) to … channel is the 1 .I2 I (don’t) think … would work. I’d advise (against) … her to turn her hobby into a profession since she obviously feels Justifying your opinion passionate about it. I think that setting up an online channel with The reason I’m saying this is … … (simply/just) because … unboxing tips and reviewing new gadgets 3 . … since/as … I believe … for the following reason(s) … I 4 going to university to pursue a degree because, if she isn’t really motivated to do a university course, she’s unlikely to do well. 5 I’m saying this is because she’ll never feel really comfortable about being there. It’s possible, however, that she might regret her decision and resume her studies later on in life. 5 Look at the options in Exercise 3. Then discuss with your partner. Use the Problem information in WORK IT OUT! and in the Language checklist to help you. solvers Student A: Suggest that option 1 is better than option 2. Justify your opinion. Student B: Suggest that option 2 is better than option 1. Justify your opinion. Work it out! Evaluating options; justifying your opinion Work in pairs. Your best friend is • When you choose an option, you have to justify why you creative, talented and very sociable. Which one of these careers would be think it is better. suitable for him/her? Why? • Give two or three advantages for the option you • social media manager • data scientist recommend, including reasons and/or examples. • festival organiser • web page designer • You will also need to mention at least one disadvantage of the option you have not chosen. • performing artist • photographer 87

Writing Formal email The purpose of a formal email is to give a reasoned opinion and suggest possible actions. The task will describe a situation and mention what action(s) to consider. It will also state who you should address your email to. In your opening paragraph, refer to the situation and your reason for writing, using formal language. In the main paragraphs, give your opinion on the situation and outline your suggestion(s) clearly, giving possible results. In your conclusion, restate your opinion and your preferred solution, then ask the reader to consider them. 1 Read the writing task and answer the questions. 1 What does the writer say about deciding which career to follow? The Board of Education plans to provide careers counselling to all school-leaving students. The 2 How does he feel about the plan to provide careers Board is asking students to suggest activities that counselling to all school-leaving students? would help them plan their future careers. 3 What suggestions does he make? Underline them. • W rite an email to the Board of Education to explain your opinion. Give reasons to support Work it out! Using the correct style your ideas. • W hen you write an email to people in a position of • S tart your email, ‘Dear Board Members’. power (the Board of Education, the school principal, the city council, etc.), it should be formal. Write your email. (140–190 words) • Use formal words and phrases in your email. 1 What kind of text do you have to write? • You should also use full forms of verbs (not 2 Who are you writing to? 3 What kind of language will you use? contractions), and avoid everyday expressions. 4 What is the situation? 5 What kind of suggestions must you make? 3 Match the highlighted phrases in the model email (1–8) to the informal phrases (a–h). 2 Read the model email and answer the questions. a I am in high school, and I know about b help them make the right choice F rom: Leo c The reason I’m writing is d I want to refer to Dear Board Members, e make them understand 1 In response to your plan to make careers f think about my suggestions seriously counselling available to all high school students, g so that 2 I am writing to suggest some useful activities. h I agree completely with 3 As a high school student, I am aware that 4 Read the third paragraph of the model email again choosing a career path is a big decision. Indeed, it is one of the most difficult choices facing and complete the table. young people. 4 I am in favour of providing students with careers counselling as this is an Suggestions Possible results effective way to 5 help them make an informed Invite professionals to It would 2 decision. give presentations 1 to inform students . In my view, there are three activities which about their careers. . students would find helpful. One is to invite professionals from different industries to give 3 Counsellors could then presentations about their careers. This would 4 6 raise awareness of what the jobs in their fields entail. Another possibility is a student to show teachers and . questionnaire. The collected answers would counsellors which careers show counsellors which careers students are students are interested in. interested in. They could then give students the most appropriate careers advice. Finally, it would 5 Students can 6 be a good idea to take students on visits to a variety of workplaces 7 in order that they can to a variety of workplaces. . choose a career that suits them well. Careers counselling makes students aware of the options available to them. I believe that students would find these suggestions useful and practical. Therefore, I hope you will 8 give my ideas your serious consideration. Yours faithfully, Leo Garcia 88

Work it out! Making suggestions • B egin the paragraph containing your suggestions with a topic sentence to show the reader that you are going to recommend a number of ideas. • Explain each of your suggestions clearly, giving reasons or examples. • Mention the possible result of each suggestion so that the reader can seriously consider it. 5 Read the writing task and answer the questions. 6 Read the writing task again and complete the table The local high school wants to start a summer with your ideas. jobs programme to give students valuable work experience. The school principal would Suggestions Possible results like students to give their opinion on what kinds of businesses should be asked to join the 1 o ffice jobs (banks, programme. travel agencies, etc.) • W rite an email to the principal to explain your 2 t rade jobs (electricians, opinion. Give reasons to support your ideas. plumbers, etc.) • S tart your email, ‘Dear Ms Anderson’. 3 s mall family Write your email. (140–190 words) businesses 1 What kind of text do you have to write? 2 Who are you writing to? 7 Complete the paragraph plan and write your email 3 What kind of language will you use? 4 What is the situation? using the Language checklist and the notes in 5 What kind of suggestions must you make? Exercises 5 and 6. ✓Language checklist Greeting: Dear , Referring to the situation Paragraph 1: Refer to the and In response to your plan/proposal, … give your for Giving your reason for writing I am writing (in order) to suggest … writing. I am writing with regard to … I am writing to express my support/approval and … Paragraph 2: State your opinion with Stating your opinion to support it. As a high school student, … I am in favour of/approve of … Paragraph 3: Make suggestions, giving reasons and I fully support your plan/proposal … … will/would benefi … examples. Include Making suggestions for each suggestion. As I see it/In my view, there are a number of solutions/possibilities … Paragraph 4:  . Refer to your One possibility might be/would be … Another practical/useful suggestion would be … and ask the reader Perhaps you/we could … It would be a good idea to … to consider them. Asking the reader to consider your suggestions Signing off:  ,… I hope you will give my ideas your serious consideration. ✓WRITING checklist I would appreciate it/be grateful if you would consider these suggestions. Once you’ve written your email, make sure you have: • begun and ended your email appropriately • r eferred to the situation and given your reason for writing in the introduction • g iven your opinion on the situation in a separate paragraph • included possible results for each of your suggestions • asked the reader to consider your suggestions in the conclusion • used formal language throughout. Writing 89

Review 6 Vocabulary Grammar Choose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers. 1 The government has announced a new programme 1 If Mary gets the promotion, she extremely happy. which aims to reduce to 12%. A is B will be A employees C would be B employers D would have been C employment D unemployment 2 You unemployment benefit when you resign from your job. 2 She has decided to pursue a in medicine. A can’t claim A career B aren’t claiming B training C didn’t claim C living D haven’t claimed D qualification 3 Sam’s boss refused to increase his , so he’s looking 3 If they so many workers, they wouldn’t have been able to complete the orders in time. for a new job. A don’t employ A schedule B didn’t employ B income C hadn’t employed C pension D wouldn’t have employed D salary 4 Why can’t you a job? You must be doing something 4  you enrol on a course if you lacked the wrong! qualifications for a job you wanted? A burn out A Will B hold down B Would C lay off C Did D take out D Had 5 There were hundreds of for the job, so Jane doesn’t 5 Do you wish you harder at school? A work think she has a chance. B worked C would work A applicants D had worked B apprentices C employees 6 Iwill accept the job offer they let me work D trainees part-time. 6 George’s colleagues think he is , but his employer A as long believes he’s worth every penny. B in case C providing A overconfident D unless B over-optimistic C overpaid 7 , I’d resign and look for a more challenging job. D overused A If I was you 7 My brother has applied for a(n) at an international B If I were you C If I will be you school in Japan. D If I had been you A career 8 If he had worked harder, he a manager now. B occupation C post A is D recruitment B will be C would be 8 How long have you been unemployment benefit? D would have been A making 9 You won’t get paid for time off you have a doctor’s B receiving note. C resigning D paying A as long as B in case 9 Most candidates had no experience of working C on condition that with young children. D unless A non-stop 10 If only there more suitable jobs for young people! B permanent C prior A were D temporary B would be C could be 10 S he had to the meeting because she hadn’t D may be finished the sales report. A get down to B call off C fill in 90 D take over

1 For questions 1–8, read the text below and think of the word Β2 Practice 6 which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. What do employers look for? As a careers advisor, my job is to help students make sensible choices about their studies and the jobs they intend to 1 for a living. In our sessions, we cover everything from filling 2 an application form to taking part in a job interview successfully. Practising interview techniques is an important part of what we do because many students mistakenly believe that, as 3 as they have the right qualifications, they will automatically get the job. Others feel that, providing 4 have relevant experience, they will be selected. The truth is that’s only a first step. When you apply 5 a job, if your qualifications and experience are satisfactory, they will earn you a call for an interview to assess your soft skills. Soft skills include how you interact with colleagues, how you solve problems, and how you manage your work. Perhaps the most important one is communication because, 6 you can communicate effectively, you will be unable to show off any of your other qualities. In addition, recent studies show that, when employers take 7 new staff, many of them look for self- confidence. I 8 I could make more young people understand that an interview is an opportunity to be yourself, not to say what you think the interviewer wants to hear. TIPS Question 2: The missing word is part of a phrasal verb. Question 3: Think of a conditional phrase with as. 2 Read and complete the text with the correct form of the words given. What is job satisfaction? Recent studies show that, although 1 look for satisfying jobs, APPLY they are not very good at predicting what will actually make them happy. EMPLOY BENEFIT Some of the things that 2 like about their jobs, such as flexibility DESCRIBE and good working conditions, are to be expected. However, people whose work has a DEVELOP STIMULATE 3 effect on a community or society claim to have greater job CONSEQUENCE satisfaction than people who earn much more money. This suggests that, when we read SIGNIFICANT a job 4 , we should be looking for more than just a high salary. Many report that regular feedback on their progress and the chance for 5 in their chosen field are key factors. Finding their work 6 is also important. Others say that they look forward to taking the initiative once in a while and, 7 , being allowed to do so leads to better job satisfaction. All of this explains why the financial reward, while not 8 , falls much lower down the list of requirements for job satisfaction. TIPS Question 2: Look for a plural noun. Question 3: Form an adjective to go with the noun effect. 91

Β2 Practice 6 3  Listen to two short talks and choose the correct answer, A, B, C, or D. TIPS Listen to a talk about careers in Artificial Intelligence (AI). 1 What is the main purpose of the talk? Question 3: The speaker A to explain how AI is a smart career choice mentions the two companies to give an example. B to interview candidates for jobs in AI C to encourage students to change courses Question 6: Listen carefully D to recommend universities for references to the board. 2 What does the speaker think the students want to know about? A all the benefits of a job in AI B how much jobs in AI pay C different fields where AI is important D employers in the area of AI 3 Why does the speaker mention Apple and Google? A These companies only hire computer science graduates. B She has worked for both of them. C She is in charge of their recruitment. D These companies occasionally hire applicants with no university degree. 4 What does the speaker imply about doctors, lawyers and teachers? A They will be paid less than AI professionals. B They would benefit from gaining AI skills. C They will never need experience in AI. D They need more time to obtain their degree. 5 What is the speaker going to do next? A ask the audience questions B leave the room C prepare some equipment D answer questions Listen to a talk about careers counselling. 6 What information is on the board? A a list of possible careers B a programme for the day C a timetable of events D a choice of courses 7 What will happen when two guest speakers visit at the same time? A One of the dates will be changed. B Students will decide who to see. C A company visit will be cancelled. D Both speakers will talk, one after the other. 8 What does the speaker apologise for? A making students choose between sessions B not offering more variety of options C making students attend this meeting D cancelling planned activities 9 What is the purpose of this talk? A to get ideas for guest speakers B to confirm student numbers for each trip C to inform about a number of professions D to ask students what careers they have decided against 10 What does the speaker mean when he says: A There is a lot to talk about today. B Now everyone has a clear view. C The programme of events is quite full. D All the important information is on the board. 92

Vocabulary Progress check 3 1 Match both sides of the conversations. Units 5-6 1 Did you hear that Keith has been made redundant? 3 Complete the second sentence so that it means 2 Is that the correct job application form? 3 I’m worried that I’m going to burn out soon. the same as the first, using the word given. Do not 4 Anna is taking over the shoe shop in town. change the word. Use between two and five words. 5 Asoftware company is taking on three app 1 Unfortunately, lots of young people are looking developers. Why don’t you apply? 6 Have you applied for that summer job yet? for jobs in this town. EMPLOYMENT a Well, perhaps you should resign from your job. U nfortunately, lots of young people are b Really? I didn’t know she wanted to pursue a career in this town. in retail! c Yes, I know. The factory laid off lots of workers. 2 Do you know what job Hugh does? LIVING d No, I haven’t. I must get down to writing my covering Do you know what Hugh letter. e Yes, it is. Can you help me fill it in? ? f I can’t; I don’t have any prior experience. 3 He didn’t have the proper qualifications, so he wasn’t offered the job. LACKED He , so he wasn’t offered the job. 4 There is still time to register for a drama course. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the ENROL words given. There is still time a drama course. 1 Ilove not having a boss – it’s the best thing about 5 Have you installed a computer network before? being . employed HANDS-ON 2 He may not have broken the law, but his behaviour was Do you have . acceptable installing computer networks? 3 You’ll be in trouble if he finds out you have lied to him 6 We need people who can make decisions on – he can’t stand . honesty their own when necessary. INITIATIVE 4 My sister is looking for another position because she is We need people who can in her current job. paid when necessary. 5 The car thieves were based in France, but they were arrested in Austria. national 6 The young man lost his job due to his . reliability 7 There must be a(n) explanation for his actions, but I don’t know what it is! logic 8 She may be young, but she isn’t ; in fact, the opposite is true. mature 4 Read and choose the correct answers. Why are we addicted to crime shows? 93 There are dozens of TV crime shows, some of which have been running for years, and yet we never get bored of seeing the bad guys getting 1 . What is it about watching people 2 crimes that makes these programmes so popular? Well, one reason is because they keep us in suspense with questions that beg to be answered: Who did it? How did they do it? Why did they do it? Will they be 3 ? Another reason is that most of them follow a similar ‘recipe’. For example, the main characters usually include a(n) 4 who never plays by the rules (but still manages to solve the case), a strong female officer and a computer geek. Plots are similar too. The first, and most obvious, 5 is almost always innocent. (Otherwise, it would be a very short episode!) As the investigation continues, a number of people are brought in for 6 . Eventually, a seemingly honest and innocent 7 turns out to be the criminal. At the end of the episode, the killer is 8 of the crime. Everything is well in the world, until the next episode, that is! 1 A accused B arrested C released D suspected 2 A break B commit C face D serve 3 A captured B confessed C engaged D pleaded 4 A investigator B offender C victim D witness 5 A gangster B killer C criminal D suspect 6 A cheating B confessing C questioning D sentencing 7 A investigator B lawyer C offender D witness 8 A charged B convicted C sentenced D tried

Progress check 3 2 Complete the sentences with the correct verb form. Units 5-6 1 Fiona wouldn’t get angry all the time if she (be) more patient. Grammar 2 If they identify the burglar, 1 Complete. Use the gerund or the infinitive. (they / arrest) him immediately? 3 If I were you, I (not ask) about benefits at the interview. 4 Apprentices can be offered permanent positions if they (be) good at their job. 5 If you find a job you love and it pays well, (not think) twice and take it! 6 If he (confess) to his crime, he might have been sentenced to less time in prison. 7 Would Clare be happier now if she (get) the promotion? Have fun and get paid for it! 8 John (not resign) from his When it comes to 1 (choose) job if his employer had given him a pay rise. a career, people have their own reasons for 2 (make) the final decision. 3 Circle the correct words. Some are motivated by the income they can 1 I’ll take the position unless / on condition that there is a possibility of promotion in the near 3 (earn), while others are more future. interested in 4 (do) something 2 Anything is possible, as long as / in case you set your mind and heart to it. enjoyable. 5 (help) you in your 3 Steven’s employer threatened to lay him off search for your perfect occupation, here are three unless / provided he started to act more responsibly. fun jobs that pay extremely well: 4 You’d better take your CV with you so long as / Toy designer in case they ask for it at the interview. Toy designers spend their days 6 5 I’ll confess to the crime unless / providing that I serve less time. (develop) design and marketing ideas for new toys. As a toy designer, you start by 7 (research) and observing children at play. The job pays approximately $70,000 a year, and if you decide 8 (pursue) this career, you’ll need a degree in design. 4 Rewrite the sentences. Ferrari driving instructor Can you imagine 9 (drive) 1 I’m not confident enough. a Ferrari and being paid for it? Well, you’ll need If only . experience in professional 10 2 Can you stop reading my emails? (race), and you’ll have to do some additional I wish . training, but you could 11 (make) 3 Diane regrets lying to her best friend. up to $120,000 per year! Diane wishes . White hat hacker 4 I’m very tired! If you have the right qualifications, you can be hired If only ! 12 (hack) into computer systems – legally – and get paid up to $140,000 a year for 5 James can’t find a full-time job. the experience! James wishes . 6 The thief hoped to get away with the robbery, but he didn’t. The thief . 94

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