American Download A2 Grammar Sample

Lee Coveney A2 GRAMMAR

Contents Unit 1 4 Grammar 1 Simple Present and Present Continuous 5 Grammar 2 Stative Verbs 8 Unit 2 10 Grammar 1 Simple Past and Past Continuous, Used To 11 Grammar 2 Relative Pronouns and Defining Relative Clauses 16 Progress Review 1 19 Unit 3 21 Grammar 1 Present Perfect 22 Grammar 2 Have Been vs. Have Gone, Present Perfect vs. Simple Past 25 Unit 4 27 Grammar 1 Future with Will and Be Going To 28 Grammar 2 Gerunds and Infinitives 31 Progress Review 2 35 Unit 5 37 Grammar 1 Articles 38 Grammar 2 Countable and Uncountable Nouns, Quantifiers 41 Unit 6 45 Grammar 1 Past Perfect 46 Grammar 2 Comparative and Superlative, (Not) As ... As 49 Progress Review 3 54 Unit 7 56 Grammar 1 Modals: Ability, Permission, Requests, Offers, Suggestions 57 Grammar 2 Modals: Obligation, Necessity, Prohibition, Advice 61 Unit 8 65 Grammar 1 Zero Conditional and First Conditional 66 Grammar 2 Second Conditional 69 Progress Review 4 72 Unit 9 74 Grammar 1 Reported Speech: Statements 75 Grammar 2 Reported Speech: Questions 80 Unit 10 83 Grammar 1 The Passive: Simple Present and Simple Past 84 Grammar 2 The Passive: Other Verb Forms, Modals, and Be Going To 87 Progress Review 5 90 Verb Forms 92 Spelling Rules 93 Irregular Verbs 94 3

1 Simple Present and Present Continuous Stative Verbs PERSONALITY QUI : How well do you know yourself? Araendyocuraearttiisvtei?c Are you logical and practical? OR Find out with our fun online qui ! 1 What do you like doing the most? A writing stories B solving equations 2 What do you usually draw or paint? A aliens and magical creatures B designs for houses and furniture 3 You’re having a party next week. What are you doing right now? A I’m making decorations and thinking of fun games. B I’m planning the menu and cleaning the house. 4 It’s your friend’s birthday, but you don’t have money for a card. A That’s OK. I can make one. B I’ll send an email instead. 5 You’re sitting in your bedroom. Imagine a different room. Is it like Picture A or Picture B? A B Mostly As? Mostly Bs? You’re definitely the artistic type. You’re good at finding practical solutions to You love making things and using everyday problems, and you want things to your imagination to create beautiful be organized and neat. You’re serious and objects and pictures. You are often logical, and you believe that the real world lost in a creative world of your own. is more important than your imagination. But be careful. Don’t lose touch But be careful. There’s more to life than just with reality! details and order! 4

GRAMMAR 1 Simple Present and Present Continuous Simple Present Affirmative Negative Question Present Continuous They usually work They don’t usually Do they usually work together. work together. together? They’re working They aren’t working Are they working together today. together today. together today? Simple Present Use We use the simple present to talk about: • habits and things that happen regularly. Helena often helps me with my math and science homework. • things that are always or usually true. Logical people usually solve problems easily. • permanent situations. Colin works in the town library. • facts and general truths. The left brain controls the right side of the body. • schedules and future programmed events. The documentary series begins next Monday. Time Expressions • W e often use adverbs of frequency with the simple present, such as always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never. Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb. But when the main verb is the verb to be, the adverb of frequency goes after it. Susan usually does well on multiple-choice tests. We are never late for our dance class. • H ere are some other time expressions that we use with the simple present: every day, in the morning/ afternoon/evening, at night, on weekends, on Monday, on Fridays, in (the) winter, once/twice/three times a week, etc. These time expressions usually go at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. In the mornings I take my dog to the park to play. They go on vacation to Spain every summer. Present Continuous Use We use the present continuous to talk about: • something that is happening now, while we are speaking. At the moment our teacher is showing us how to solve simple math equations. • something that is happening for a short time or temporarily. We’re learning about the human brain in biology this week. • future plans and arrangements. What time are you coming to my house this evening? Time Expressions We often use the following time expressions with the present continuous: now, right now, at the moment, today/tonight, these days, this week, at present, nowadays. Please be quiet! I’m watching a program about artistic children right now. She’s an actress, but at present she’s working as a waitress. Simple Present and Present Continuous Be careful! We use the simple present for things that happen regularly or things that are always true. We use the present continuous for things that are happening now or things that are temporary. Compare the following sentences: Andrew often uses colored pencils for his pictures, but today he’s using paints. I go to dance class every Wednesday, but we aren’t having a class this week because our teacher is sick. UNIT 1 5

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present. 1 Zebras meat. (not eat) 2 We late on Sundays. (get up) 3  your bedroom with your brother? (you / share) 4 Mom’s train at eight o’clock tomorrow morning. (leave) 5 Mom and Dad coffee in the evenings. (not drink) 6 My sister to school. She’s only two years old. (not go) 2 Rewrite the sentences. Put the adverb in the correct place. 1 Dad watches the news on TV. (rarely) 2 Kate isn’t so rude. (usually) 3 Mark stays up late. (never) 4 We have bacon and eggs for breakfast. (sometimes) 5 Mrs. Green doesn’t work on Saturdays. (always) 6 Do you shop at that supermarket? (often) 7 He is late for class. (rarely) 8 Where do you spend the summer? (usually) 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the present continuous. 1 this program? (you / watch) 2 We with Aunt Sarah for a few days. (stay) 3 Anna today. (not work) 4 My grandparents to stay with us next week. (come) 5 Why ? (they / leave) 6 Greg to you. He’s asleep! (not listen) 4 Circle the correct words. 1 Tim is working as a waiter every summer / this summer. 2 Greg and I are taking the train into New York City often / tomorrow. 3 My sister goes to the hairdresser’s on Tuesday mornings / today. 4 Do you go out on Saturday nights / tonight? 5 They’re staying with their grandparents every summer / this week. 6 Jenny is doing her homework in the evenings / right now. 7 My brother checks his emails every day / at the moment. 8 I wash my hair twice a week / right now. 6

5 Circle the correct words. 1 What time do you usually get up / are you usually getting up on Saturdays? 2 What do you do / are you doing at the moment? Are you busy? 3 Jim never watches / is never watching TV in the morning. 4 Where do you go / are you going every Tuesday afternoon? 5 Do you have / Are you having a party for your birthday this year? 6 It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining today, so we can have a barbecue later. 6 Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or the present continuous. 1 The sun in the west. (set) 2 She her phone. Maybe she’s out. (not answer) 3 His assistant usually 4 Penny his letters. (type) 5 The bus wonderful pictures. She’s very talented. (draw) 6 Water 7 at 8:15 in the morning. (come) 8 Listen! Somebody at 100o C. (boil) lunch at the moment? (he / have) your favorite song! (sing) 7 Read and complete with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or the present continuous. Today is my sister’s birthday, and the whole family is busy! Dad 1 (cleaning) the house, and Mom 2 (prepare) the food for the party. It’s all vegetarian because some of our guests 3 (not eat) meat. It’s a lot of work for Mom, but she really enjoys it. We always 4 (have) a party on Jane’s birthday and on my birthday, of course! Jane’s birthday is in the summer, so we usually 5 (go) to the park for a picnic, but this year she 6 (have) her party at home. It’s going to be lots of fun because it’s a barbecue! 8 Play a game with a partner. Student A: Choose a verb from A and a word or phrase from B. Ask Student B to make a sentence with them. Student B: L isten to Student A and make a sentence. Use the correct form. Get one point for each correct sentence. Do this four times. Then change roles and do the same. A stay B now do, now visit once a week do want always this week Sam is doing his make at the moment homework now. play every day Correct. One point for you. UNIT 1 7

GRAMMAR 2 Stative Verbs Stative Verbs Stative verbs describe states, not actions. We do not usually use them in continuous forms, even when we want to talk about something that is happening now, at exactly this moment. Here are some common stative verbs: • sense verbs: feel, hear, see, smell, taste • thinking verbs: know, notice, realize, remember, think, understand • verbs that express emotions: dislike, hate, like, love, not mind, prefer • other verbs: appear (= seem), be, believe, belong, cost, forget, have (= own), hope, look (= seem), mean, need, own, remind, seem, sound, want She seems to be an honest person. Do you understand the biology homework? Some verbs have two meanings: one that describes an action and one that describes a state. When these verbs describe actions, we can use them in continuous forms. Compare: This silk shirt feels very soft. She’s feeling the cloth to see how soft it is. (feel = It seems soft when you touch it.) (feel = She’s touching it.) Open your eyes. What do you see? I’m seeing the doctor at three o’clock. (see = Use your eyes.) (see = I’m meeting him.) Your perfume smells lovely. She’s smelling the coffee in her cup. (smell = It has a particular smell.) (smell = She’s using her nose to smell the coffee.) This coffee tastes horrible! The chef is tasting the soup. (taste = It has a particular taste.) (taste = She’s trying it to see what it tastes like.) I think that’s a good idea. I’m thinking about getting a new car. (think = I believe something) (think = I’m considering something.) They have a house in the country. We’re having lunch at the moment. (have = They own a house.) (have = We’re eating lunch.) You look very happy. They’re looking at a man on the street. (look = You appear to be happy.) (look = They’re using their eyes to see.) Tony is a biologist. The children are being difficult again. (be = This is his permanent job.) (be = They’re behaving in a certain way right now.) 1 Circle the correct words. 1 I’m sorry, but I don’t know / am not knowing the answer. 2 We try / are trying to find the car keys. 3 Your brother seems / is seeming very upset today. 4 Can you get the phone, please? I wash / am washing my hair. 5 You can keep this. I don’t need / am not needing it now. 6 I want / am wanting to go home. 7 Why do they laugh / are they laughing? This isn’t funny! 8 You sound / are sounding worried. Are you OK? 9 I use / am using your iPad, but I’ve nearly finished. 10 Jenny doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding the math problem. 11 Mark sends / is sending flowers to his wife on her birthday every year. 12 Why don’t you like / aren’t you liking tennis. I think it’s a great game. 8

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or the present continuous. 1 Look! The baby the flower! (smell) 2 She any brothers or sisters. (not have) 3 The girls are in Kim’s room. They at her paintings. (look) 4 They about buying a house. (think) 5 Yuck! This soup like soap! (taste) 6 Mom Toby’s forehead to see if he has a fever. (feel) 7 that black car over there? (you / see) 8 Your perfume nice. (smell) 3 Read and circle the correct words. Hi, Tom! How are you? I’m really tired! I 1 work / am working on my history project today, and it’s really difficult. Luckily, my dad 2 helps / is helping me with it. At the moment he 3 looks / is looking for some information about China on the Internet, and I 4 take / am taking a break. I 5 really need / am really needing it! Are you busy this afternoon? 6 Do you want / Are you wanting to come to my house? You can try some of my mom’s Sunday cake. We call it Sunday cake because she 7 always makes / is always making it for us on Sundays! It’s delicious! Then we can play Big Money. I know you 8 love / are loving that game. What do you say? Email me and let me know. Chris 4 Imagine that today is a very special day (for example, your birthday). Write a short paragraph about what you and your friends or family usually do and what you are doing on this special day.  UNIT 1 9

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