Amazing English 2 Grammar Greek

GRAMMAR Angela Carlton Jennifer Heath

Contents Welcome Lesson 1: s ubject and object pronouns, to be, possessive ‘s, possessive adjectives 4 and pronouns 9 Lesson 2: question words, prepositions of place, prepositions of movement 13 Lesson 1: present simple, time expressions, adverbs of frequency 18 Lesson 2: present continuous, time expressions 22 Lesson 3: stative verbs 25 Lesson 4: present simple and present continuous 28 Lesson 5: articles 32 Lesson 1: past simple, time expressions 36 Lesson 2: past continuous, time expressions 40 Lesson 3: past simple and past continuous 43 Lesson 4: used to 46 Lesson 5: relative clauses 49 REVIEW 1: Units 1 & 2 53 Lesson 1: present perfect simple (affirmative), for / since / just / already / never 57 Lesson 2: present perfect simple (negative and question), ever / yet / how long ...? 61 Lesson 3: have been / have gone 64 Lesson 4: past simple and present perfect simple 67 Lesson 5: talking about quantities 71 Lesson 1: some / any / every / no, -one / -thing / -where 75 Lesson 2: both ... and ... / either ... or ... / neither ... nor ..., one / ones 79 Lesson 3: past perfect simple, time expressions 83 Lesson 4: past perfect simple and past simple 86 Lesson 5: future simple and shall / time expressions, be going to 91 REVIEW 2: Units 3 & 4 95 Lesson 1: first conditional, unless 99 Lesson 2: can / could / be able to 102 Lesson 3: must / have to 105 Lesson 4: may / might / could, should 108 Lesson 5: subject and object questions 111 Lesson 1: comparative and superlative forms, (not) as ... as 116 Lesson 2: passive (present simple) 120 Lesson 3: passive (past simple) 124 Lesson 4: gerunds, full infinitives 127 Lesson 5: question tags 130 REVIEW 3: Units 5 & 6 134 Irregular Verbs

Lesson 1 Comparative and Superlative Forms, (not) as ... as A reporter wants to write an article about the amazing kids. He’s asking them some questions. Who has the best I do! I am stronger What’s your superpower, No, and I can’t fly. superpower? than my friends! Cat? Are you as strong But I have X-ray as Rocky? Can you run eyes and I can see as uickly as Dash? in the dark. No, I do! I can run more No. It’s me! Wow! I think your uickly than my friends. I can fly! superpower is the best! Comparative and Superlative Forms • Χρησιμοποιούμε τον comparative form (συγκριτικός βαθμός) επιθέτων και επιρρημάτων για να συγκρίνουμε δύο πρόσωπα, ζώα ή πράγματα. Συχνά χρησιμοποιούμε than μετά από τον comparative form. This story is funnier than the story I read yesterday. She speaks more quietly than her sister. • Όταν ένα επίθετο έχει μια ή δύο συλλαβές, συνήθως προσθέτουμε -er. Δες τον πίνακα στην επόμενη σελίδα για κανόνες ορθογραφίας. old ➝ older nice ➝ nicer big ➝ bigger happy ➝ happier • Επίσης προσθέτουμε -er στα μονοσύλλαβα επιρρήματα που δεν έχουν την κατάληξη -ly. fast ➝ faster hard ➝ harder • Όταν ένα επίθετο έχει περισσότερες από δύο συλλαβές, χρησιμοποιούμε τη λέξη more πριν από το επίθετο. Υπάρχουν κάποια δισύλλαβα επίθετα που επίσης ακολουθούν αυτόν τον κανόνα. beautiful ➝ more beautiful dangerous ➝ more dangerous famous ➝ more famous • Επίσης βάζουμε τη λέξη more πριν από επιρρήματα που καταλήγουν σε -ly. slowly ➝ more slowly carefully ➝ more carefully easily ➝ more easily • Κ άποια επίθετα και επιρρήματα δεν ακολουθούν αυτούς τους κανόνες. Δες τον πίνακα στην επόμενη σελίδα για τα ανώμαλα επίθετα και επιρρήματα. UNIT 6 LESSON 1 111

Lesson 1 Comparative and Superlative Forms, (not) as ... as • Χ ρησιμοποιούμε τον superlative form (υπερθετικός βαθμός) επιθέτων και επιρρημάτων για να συγκρίνουμε ένα πρόσωπο, ζώο ή πράγμα με πολλά άλλα πρόσωπα, ζώα ή πράγματα. Συνήθως χρησιμοποιούμε the πριν από τον superlative form, και χρησιμοποιούμε συχνά φράσεις με in ή of σε προτάσεις με τον superlative form. The Nile is the longest river in the world. Paul sings the most loudly of all the children. • Ό ταν ένα επίθετο έχει μια ή δύο συλλαβές, συνήθως προσθέτουμε -est. Δες τον παρακάτω πίνακα για κανόνες ορθογραφίας. old ➝ the oldest nice ➝ the nicest big ➝ the biggest happy ➝ the happiest • Επίσης προσθέτουμε -est στα μονοσύλλαβα επιρρήματα που δεν έχουν την κατάληξη -ly. fast ➝ the fastest hard ➝ the hardest • Ό ταν ένα επίθετο έχει περισσότερες από δύο συλλαβές, προσθέτουμε most πριν από το επίθετο. Κάποια δισύλλαβα επίθετα επίσης ακολουθούν αυτόν τον κανόνα. beautiful ➝ the most beautiful dangerous ➝ the most dangerous careful ➝ the most careful • Επίσης βάζουμε τη λέξη most πριν από επιρρήματα που καταλήγουν σε -ly. slowly ➝ the most slowly carefully ➝ the most carefully easily ➝ the most easily • Κ άποια επίθετα και επιρρήματα δεν ακολουθούν αυτούς τους κανόνες. Δες τον παρακάτω πίνακα για τα ανώμαλα επίθετα και επιρρήματα. Adjectives Short Adjectives Comparative Superlative small smaller the smallest wide wider the widest big bigger the biggest scary scarier the scariest Long Adjectives Comparative Superlative popular more popular the most popular Irregular Adjectives Comparative Superlative good better the best bad worse the worst many/much more the most far farther/further the farthest/furthest Adverbs Comparative Superlative more carefully the most carefully Regular Adverbs more busily the most busily carefully faster the fastest busily harder the hardest fast hard Comparative Superlative Irregular Adverbs better the best well worse the worst badly more the most much less the least little earlier the earliest early farther/further the farthest/furthest far Be amazing! Θυμήσου, υπάρχουν κάποια επίθετα με δύο συλλαβές που έχουν δύο comparative και superlative forms. polite ➝ politer / more polite ➝ the politest / the most polite clever ➝ cleverer / more clever ➝ the cleverest / the most clever 112

A Circle the correct words. 1 A beach holiday is the best / better than a holiday in the countryside. 2 Tim is the youngest / younger than child in the family. 3 He’s more interested / the most interested in books than films. 4 Tony is the noisiest / noisier than student in the class. 5 Which is the worst / worse than book you have ever read? 6 I think physics is the most difficult / more difficult than maths. 7 Yuck! These are the saltiest / saltier than chips I’ve ever eaten! 8 Is New York the most exciting / more exciting than London? B Choose the correct answers. 1 Of all the girls at my dance school, Maria dances the . 5 Liam plays tennis than his friends. a best b better c well a the best b best c better 2 I always wake up in my family. 6 Lia sings of anyone I know! a early b earlier c the earliest a worse b the worst c more badly 3 Anna speaks than Helen. 7 You must try next time. a quickly b more quickly c most quickly a hardly b hardest c harder 4 Andy lives from the school than we do. 8 Lucy studies the of all the students in the class. a farther b farthest c far a hardest b harder c hard C Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the words in bold. 1 The Twilight films are good, but are they than the books? 2 Selena Gomez and Ariana Grande are both young, but I think Ariana is than Selena. 3 Grandma and Grandpa both walk slowly, but Grandpa walks than Grandma. 4 Jake played chess badly yesterday, but he’s playing today than he did yesterday. 5 The Lord of the Rings series is very interesting – it’s than the Hunger Games series. 6 This film is really funny – it’s than the film which I saw last week. 7 Susie and Mandy both have long hair, but Susie’s hair is than Mandy’s hair. 8 All the students in my class work hard, but I work than the others. D Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the superlative form. 1 My father is (old) in my family. 2 This house is (beautiful) in the street. 3 The runners are fast, but Katie runs 4 Dan sings (fast) of all. 5 January and February are (loudly) of all the boys in the band. 6 Which is 7 Jack speaks (hot) months of the year in Australia. 8 This book is the (dangerous) animal of all? (quietly) of all the students in my class. (interesting) book I have ever read. E Match. a beautiful paintings in the museum. 113 b careful driver I know. 1 He was older c noisily of all the boys. 2 Ann and Beth are the d than the other people at the party. 3 He paints more e oldest person at my party. 4 My mum is the most f than my Dad’s. 5 That sports car is faster g carefully than she used to. 6 These are the most h noisiest of the four girls. 7 Bob runs the i fastest of all the people I know. 8 He plays the most j beautifully than I do. 9 Grandpa was the 10 Sally drives more UNIT 6 LESSON 1

Lesson 1 Comparative and Superlative Forms, (not) as ... as (not) as ... as Be amazing! • Χ ρησιμοποιούμε as + adjective/adverb + as για να πούμε Το επίθετο/επίρρημα δεν αλλάζει ότι δύο πρόσωπα, ζώα ή πράγματα είναι όμοια ή ίσα. μορφή στο (not) as ... as. James is as naughty as Nick. Today isn’t as cold as yesterday. ✔ I wake up as early as my parents. (Today isn’t as colder as yesterday. ✘) • Χρησιμοποιούμε not as + adjective/adverb + as για να πούμε I work as hard as my sister. ✔ ότι δύο πρόσωπα, ζώα ή πράγματα δεν είναι όμοια ή ίσα. (I work as harder as my sister. ✘) Molly isn’t as friendly as Milly. That author doesn’t write as well as this author. F Read these sentences and then complete the second sentences. Use (not) as … as and the words in brackets. 1 China is 9,596,961 square km in size, but Russia is 17,098,246 square km. China Russia. (big) 2 The River Thames is 364 km long, but the Amazon river is 6,692 km long. The River Thames the Amazon river. (long) 3 Zebras can run 64 km an hour. Tigers can run 64 km an hour. Tigers can run zebras. (fast) 4 African forest elephants are 2 metres tall, but Asian elephants are 2.75 metres tall. African forest elephants Asian elephants. (tall) 5 It usually rains in London for 110 days every year. It usually rains in Paris for 110 days every year. Paris London. (rainy) 6 Athens and Madrid both have about 2770 hours of sun a year. Madrid Athens. (sunny) G Look at the information and complete the sentences. Use (not) as … as. HJHFL4iKaa0arsss0Rrttr7ombbywtooiilPtololilineokoksgntiinnit–nbettovhhtrheoeesrekesyssseerferraiiiremeeiesssos:: 21u09s0977 E1LFHJTx5aiRrahcs0ssitteRtm3ibbnTLoitoogloilootlikflorkkieildnemsiinnnbiosntto–fh✓htovehte✓kehesssr✓eeesyrer✓iRfireaeiisemsn::s1o1g99us55ss54eries Exciting films ✓✓✓✓ (old) the Lord of the Rings series. (popular) the Harry Potter series. 1 The Harry Potter series 2 The Lord of the Rings series (exciting) the Lord of the Rings films. 3 The Harry Potter films (many titles) the Harry Potter series. 4 The Lord of the Rings series 5 J K Rowling (famous) J R R Tolkien. 114

H Circle the correct words. Title: Fahrenheit 451 Author: Ray Bradbury Review by Alice Timms, 14 Rfatsuw4anaheattjsIsisbsotmhobotsyxmaoateei’obaersowtolnmbBdloyclameyoro7it.ir,hugey/vetgkoaTtkdppoeishritosdhasnsresahlse/niebAbiabeetaovoseta,tereiou.mnseopnrehttr’Bmtsurdhhobtlt.terey8euetoehHeateo…rmmthslwyAaooinceiwscisoeramuuldvogatafelwnanuasiscifonreanseieleesasheelrnoirm’rstaseot,emlf’i.n!i/lttttucis3n,maTterhPees,adttyhaeshzlehenhteporeosiiireaofiysnaoonvuviaoyfrrcgpnitrGgebeen1trslshshlhesituuaetghahaobaottavehrysoroeeuvlndofnneeoefp6reusMg,ooaurttsttfbbmlelknithtda//loodrpehuuote–efttIonfagrl’eiterhhvametntesbftbimltheiaeecnhaty.ghgooeegedIse!efmceeho/to..aIywvl’ptrFststfkkHepomoo’eehaarrstsh2vreoeursrh.ehfuoomiaesteEgscrers5n,gbnuerevhitrytbotaedmraodaansehhasuryfsedrmohrii/emetpttotntnyr.kehshmsmouoagIiadbimettneyrtsnrsma’oieecsyob4tgh.etnetaasra5tuhFohassogeddnhon1ohreozeueaisernottinykirsesnhiseusrtegtTlaghflsi ./Vdtna! n– I’m sure you’ll love it! TALK ABOUT IT! Talk to your partner about a book which you like. Use the comparative and superlative forms. I really like the Harry Potter books. They’re the most exciting books I have ever read. I read them more uickly than other books! UNIT 6 LESSON 1 115

Lesson 2 Passive (present simple) Nice clothes, What are you Dash! wearing? Where are your nicest clothes? I have an email. I’m invited to a party. It says, ‘You are asked to wear your nicest clothes.’ Are you invited too? Yes, I am. It’s at the beach on Saturday. These are my nicest clothes … for the beach! Passive (present simple) • Χρησιμοποιούμε την passive (παθητική): - όταν μας ενδιαφέρει περισσότερο η πράξη παρά αυτός που την κάνει. The game is played with a ball. - όταν δεν γνωρίζουμε ποιος κάνει την πράξη. Clues are given. - όταν είναι εύκολο να καταλάβουμε ποιος κάνει την πράξη. Lots of books are bought online. • Ό ταν θέλουμε να πούμε ποιος κάνει την πράξη, χρησιμοποιούμε by. Αυτό το πρόσωπο ονομάζεται agent (ποιητικό αίτιο). Αναφέρουμε τον agent μόνο όταν γνωρίζουμε ποιος/ποια είναι, και όταν προσθέτει καινούργια ή σημαντική πληροφορία στην πρόταση. The puzzle is solved easily. (Δεν γνωρίζουμε ποιος λύνει τον γρίφο και δεν είναι σημαντικό.) The game is played by a team of eight players. (Γνωρίζουμε ότι ο agent είναι «μια ομάδα οκτώ παικτών» και τον αναφέρουμε γιατί προσθέτει μια σημαντική πληροφορία στην πρόταση.) • Σχηματίζουμε την present simple passive με am, are ή is και την past participle του κύριου ρήματος. I’m driven to school every day. Songs are played on the radio. English is spoken here. • Στην άρνηση, χρησιμοποιούμε not μετά από τα am / are / is και πριν από την past participle. Συνήθως χρησιμοποιούμε τον σύντομο τύπο. I’m not invited to many parties. Video games aren’t sold here. The secret isn’t discovered quickly. 116

• Σ τις ερωτήσεις, χρησιμοποιούμε am / are / is πριν από το υποκείμενο. Στις σύντομες απαντήσεις, χρησιμοποιούμε μόνο am / are / is και δεν επαναλαμβάνουμε την past participle A: Am I needed at work today? B: Yes, you are. A: Are the games played every day? B: No, they aren’t. A: Is the door locked at night? B: Yes, it is. Δες τη λίστα με τα ανώμαλα ρήματα στις σελίδες 134-135. Affirmative Negative Question Short Answers No, I’m not. I’m (am) given I’m not (am not) given Am I given? Yes, I am. No, you aren’t. you’re (are) given you aren’t (are not) given Are you given? Yes, you are. No, he isn’t. he’s (is) given he isn’t (is not) given Is he given? Yes, he is. No, she isn’t. she’s (is) given she isn’t (is not) given Is she given? Yes, she is. No, it isn’t. it’s (is) given it isn’t (is not) given Is it given? Yes, it is. No, we aren’t. we’re (are) given we aren’t (are not) given Are we given? Yes, we are. No, you aren’t. you’re (are) given you aren’t (are not) given Are you given? Yes, you are. No, they aren’t. they’re (are) given they aren’t (are not) given Are they given? Yes, they are. A Read the sentences. Decide if the verbs in bold are active (A) or passive (P). 1 Millions of people live in London. 2 Most American films are made in Hollywood. 3 The doors are unlocked in the morning. 4 Is this television series shown every week? 5 Some singers don’t earn a lot of money. 6 Mum is driving me to school this morning. 7 Doctors save lives every day. 8 The message isn’t written on the door. B Circle the correct words. 1 Books is / are kept in a library. 2 The book title am / is chosen by the author. 3 The covers of the books is / are designed by artists. 4 The door is / are locked at nine o’clock every night. 5 English is / are taught at my school. 6 Films is / are watched in cinemas. 7 I is / am helped by my parents. 8 Book reviews is / are read by many people. C Complete the paragraph with the words in brackets. Use the present simple passive. The Kids’ Choice Awards The Kids’ Choice Awards 1 (give) every year. The awards are prizes for the best films, TV programmes, games, actors and singers. The winners 2 (choose) by young people who watch Nickelodeon on TV. They send messages to say who they think should be the winners. The winners 3 (decide) by the number of messages which 4 (send). Each winner’s name 5 (write) on a balloon, a T-shirt, a sticker or some other unusual thing. The Kids’ Choice Awards 6 (watch) on Nickelodeon by millions of young people around the world. UNIT 6 LESSON 2 117

Lesson 2 Passive (present simple) D Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple passive. 1 Books (not write) very quickly. 2 Prizes (not give) to every writer. 3 The room 4 Questions (not clean) every day. 5 In basketball, the ball (not ask) by the players. 6 The beds 7 I (not kick). 8 This TV programme (not make) every morning. 9 The game (not pay) very much at the café where I work. 10 These books (not watch) by young people. (not learn) very quickly. (not understand) by many people. E Read the answers and complete the questions in the dialogues. Use the present simple passive. 1 A: by the players to find the treasure? B: Yes, the clues are used by the players to find the treasure. 2 A: behind me? B: Yes, the door is locked behind you. 3 A: When ? B: A voice is heard when you press a button. 4 A: How ? B: The answers are found when you work with other people in your team. 5 A: What on the wall? B: A message is written on the wall. 6 A: Why ? B: Escape games are played because they’re exciting! F Correct the sentences. 1 The window not locked – I can open it. 2 The game designed to be fun. 3 How is the next clue send? 4 It’s a big cinema – ten films are show at the same time. 5 Are the messages write on the wall? 6 The players not given lots of puzzles to solve. 7 When is the button press? 8 You can see the message – it isn’t hiding. 118

Changing active sentences into passive sentences Για να μετατρέψουμε μια ενεργητική πρόταση ενεστώτα σε παθητική πρόταση: - χρησιμοποιούμε το αντικείμενο της ενεργητικής πρότασης ως υποκείμενο της παθητικής πρότασης. The team plays the game. ➝ The game is played by the team. - χρησιμοποιούμε am / are / is και την past participle του κύριου ρήματος της ενεργητικής πρότασης. The team plays the game. ➝ The game is played by the team. - χρησιμοποιούμε by + το υποκείμενο της ενεργητικής πρότασης αν θέλουμε να αναφέρουμε τον agent (ποιητικό αίτιο). The team plays the game. ➝ The game is played by the team. G Write sentences. Start your sentences with the words in bold and use the present simple passive. 1 Someone unlocks the door quickly. 2 My favourite band plays this song. 3 They don’t sell concert tickets here. 4 Authors don’t write reviews. 5 Someone drives my friend to school every day. 6 Artists draw cartoons. 7 They show this series on TV. 8 The players don’t press the green button. TALK ABOUT IT! Tell your partner about a sport which you like playing. Describe the sport and how it is played. My brother and I play tennis. Tennis is played by two or four players. It’s played on a tennis court. You need a ball and a racket. The ball is hit with the racket. UNIT 6 LESSON 2 119

Lesson 3 Passive (past simple) Rocky’s homework was Rocky, you were told to bring your taken by that bird! homework today. Where is it? Hey, naughty I did my homework, Mrs Jones! bird! Give back But it was eaten… well… it was my homework. taken by a bird… and then it was eaten by a baby bird… so now I don’t have it… Mrs Jones won’t believe this! Passive (past simple) Be amazing! • Χ ρησιμοποιούμε την passive (παθητική) όταν μας ενδιαφέρει περισσότερο Όταν θέλουμε να η πράξη παρά αυτός που την κάνει, όταν δεν γνωρίζουμε ποιος κάνει την αναφέρουμε τον πράξη, ή όταν είναι εύκολο να καταλάβουμε ποιος κάνει την πράξη. agent (ποιητικό αίτιο) • Σχηματίζουμε την past simple passive με was ή were και την past χρησιμοποιούμε by, και participle του κύριου ρήματος. αναφέρουμε τον agent I was given a toolbox. μόνο όταν γνωρίζουμε In the game which I played, many worlds were created. ποιος/ποια είναι, και όταν • Σ την άρνηση, χρησιμοποιούμε not μετά από το was / were και πριν από την προσθέτει καινούργια ή past participle. Συνήθως χρησιμοποιούμε τον σύντομο τύπο. σημαντική πληροφορία The game wasn’t improved. στην πρόταση. We weren’t told about the party. Minecraft was invented • Στις ερωτήσεις, χρησιμοποιούμε was / were πριν από το υποκείμενο. by a man in Sweden. Στις σύντομες απαντήσεις, χρησιμοποιούμε μόνο was / were και δεν The games were used επαναλαμβάνουμε την past participle. by teachers. A: Was the game designed in England? B: No, it wasn’t. A: Were the fields dug by the farmer? B: Yes, they were. Δες τη λίστα με τα ανώμαλα ρήματα στις σελίδες 134-135. 120

Affirmative Negative Question Short Answers No, I wasn’t. I was given I wasn’t (was not) given Was I given? Yes, I was. No, you weren’t. you were given you weren’t (were not) given Were you given? Yes, you were. No, he wasn’t. he was given he wasn’t (was not) given Was he given? Yes, he was. No, she wasn’t. she was given she wasn’t (was not) given Was she given? Yes, she was. No, it wasn’t. it was given it wasn’t (was not) given Was it given? Yes, it was. No, we weren’t. we were given we weren’t (were not) given Were we given? Yes, we were. No, you weren’t. you were given you weren’t (were not) given Were you given? Yes, you were. No, they weren’t. they were given they weren’t (were not) given Were they given? Yes, they were. A Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple passive. 1 Two people (hurt) in an accident. 2 The students (ask) a lot of questions by the teacher. 3 The window (break) by Bob. 4 I 5 The horses (bite) by a spider. 6 My aunt’s house (ride) on the beach. 7 The children (build) in 2010. 8 The football cup (pick up) from school by their mother. (win) by a team from Spain. B Complete the dialogues with the past simple passive. Use the negative form of the verbs in bold. 1 A: Did you take these flowers from the garden? B: No, these flowers from the garden. We bought them. 2 A: Did Barcelona beat your team? B: No, my team by Barcelona. My team beat Barcelona! 3 A: Did your father catch that fish? B: No, that fish by my father. I caught it. 4 A: Did they choose you for the swimming team? B: No, I for the swimming team. I wasn’t fast enough. 5 A: Did the children eat the biscuits? B: No, the biscuits by the children. Grandpa ate them. 6 A: Did you find the information online? B: No, the information online. It was in a book. 7 A: Did you leave the bag on the bus? B: No, the bag on the bus. It was in the library. 8 A: Did Kate make the cakes? B: No, the cakes by Kate. Her mum made them. C Circle the correct words. TH1c3MIsmwAncoG9awEhoo8tmveaaatTems0hefdrmpiprceserReeeypo.saecsogAtluInwiio,BSnu4nattiT,eleomwveteoRhshrysetu.eusee.ranB.irT,rsaintWseeutdshrteidgd1tiietahfmdu9atf,oersehm8aree/hfnrent9d,eiTaeniem,Tt,neptshiebdvtttewo6etrelsbsrui/swashnitteshew?isatemcv,ageIeppgraitdaddreeeomrwem.eestssbouebeasfeoyeinslrsbogolln,Adol2lnacyeedlnmkwe/eedoetslxweooelwwboeorsfepywyenfht1rlnhtPep,iatcchp’heayrlthsaeeujememitya5trfhslenipthloacrerieolsrsnasdetedgvtdugeea,vap/nannic/mfdowotoddgiapeelrleianoootudhromhdrulenogaanerte’mncartshsarmg dhmee/e eeasea.aespstikeegwedsnhiebnircyJhwaJapphpaoeanownpoealressAepwmaloaneyrdrkeiicAdnamgi–neinttrhhiceeayn games ever. UNIT 6 LESSON 3 121

Lesson 3 Passive (past simple) D Complete the paragraph with the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple passive. William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote lots of plays*. The plays 1 (see) in an unusual building. It 2 (call) the Globe Theatre. It was a circle shape and it didn’t have a roof. While the actors were speaking, a lot of noise 3 (make) by the people who were watching the play – they talked to each other, ate and drank. They were very rude! They weren’t quiet, like people are today. The women characters 4 (not play) by women – they were boys! Dresses 5 (put on) them to make them look like women. The actors 6 (not pay) a lot of money, but they loved working for William Shakespeare. *stories which actors tell people at the theatre E Complete the questions with the words in brackets. Then read the paragraph in D again and write short answers. 1 (many plays / write) by William Shakespeare? (the plays / see) in an unusual building? 2 (the building / call) the Shakespeare? (a lot of noise / make) by the actors? 3 (the women characters / play) by women? (dresses / put on) the boys? 4 (the actors / pay) a lot of money? 5 6 7 F Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the past simple passive. 1 When (this book / write)? Do you know? 2 The Olympic Games (watch) by millions of people in 2016. 3 Last year, a lot of computers (sell) in Korea. 4 The Harry Potter films (not make) in New Zealand. 5 German 6 (not teach) at many schools when my mum was a student. 7 The job (you / give) a PlayStation for your birthday last week? 8 The Super Mario game (not do) quickly by Mike. in Japan. (invent) by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka Changing active sentences into passive sentences Όπως και με την present simple passive, μπορούμε να μετατρέψουμε μια ενεργητική πρόταση αορίστου σε παθητική πρόταση. Για να γίνει αυτό: - χρησιμοποιούμε το αντικείμενο της ενεργητικής πρότασης ως υποκείμενο της παθητικής πρότασης. Marcus Persson invented Minecraft. ➝ Minecraft was invented by Marcus Persson. - χρησιμοποιούμε was/were και την past participle του κύριου ρήματος της ενεργητικής πρότασης. Marcus Persson invented Minecraft. ➝ Minecraft was invented by Marcus Persson. - χρησιμοποιούμε by + το υποκείμενο της ενεργητικής πρότασης αν θέλουμε να αναφέρουμε τον agent (ποιητικό αίτιο). Marcus Persson invented Minecraft. ➝ Minecraft was invented by Marcus Persson. 122

G Write sentences and questions. Start your sentences with the words in bold and use the past simple passive. 1 Julie made some mistakes. 2 My dad didn’t fix the computer. 3 Someone found the keys. 4 Amy started a business. 5 Someone asked a question. 6 Jim didn’t break the windows. 7 They gave prizes to the best students. 8 His friends met Simon at the station. TALK ABOUT IT! Talk with a partner about the video games. Use the information and these words to help you. Tell your partner which games you have played and if you liked them. create design invent make own play sell take The first Super Mario Bros game was designed in 1985. It was made by Nintendo. I haven’t played Super Mario Bros a Super Mario game, but I think it could be fun! First game: 1985 FIFA Football games Name of business: Nintendo Sold: more than 40 million games First game: 1993 They also made a Super Mario TV series and a film. Name of business: EA Sports Sold: more than 150 million games Famous football players are on the covers of some games. Just Dance First game: 2009 Name of business: Ubisoft Sold: more than 40 million games The business took the name of the game from a song by Lady Gaga. UNIT 6 LESSON 3 123

Lesson 4 Gerunds, Full Infinitives I love shopping with I didn’t want to go We’re here. We went Hooray! Ice cream! my friends. Thanks for shopping. I can’t stand to get some ice cream. Thanks, Dash! coming with me, Rocky. shopping! Where are Thanks, Cat! Cat and Dash? We’re always happy to help! Gerunds • Το gerund (γερούνδιο) είναι ουσιαστικό. Σχηματίζουμε το gerund με ρήμα + -ing. listening choosing drawing • Χρησιμοποιούμε τα gerunds: - σαν υποκείμενα μιας πρότασης. Calling someone names is mean. - σαν αντικείμενα μιας πρότασης. I think that deleting messages is a good idea. - μετά από prepositions (προθέσεις). She’s interested in collecting stamps. - μετά από κάποια ρήματα όπως can’t stand, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, miss, και start. I can’t stand watching silly films! Did you enjoy visiting your cousins? - σε συγκεκριμένες φράσεις με το ρήμα go όταν μιλάμε για δραστηριότητες, όπως go fishing, go sailing, go shopping, go skiing και go swimming. Shall we go camping next weekend? Matt went fishing yesterday. 124

Full Infinitives Be amazing! • Full infinitive είναι ένα ρήμα με to ή αλλιώς απαρέμφατο με to. to feel to hear to spend Μετά από το ρήμα start, μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε • Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε full infinitives: γερούνδιο ή απαρέμφατο με to. - για να πούμε γιατί κάποιος κάνει κάτι. I’ve started to be more careful I called Jill to ask her something. online. - μετά από συγκεκριμένα ρήματα όπως agree, ask, choose, decide, When he starts talking, he doesn’t stop! forget, hope, learn, need, prepare, remember, seem, start και want. I remembered to lock the door. They are learning to swim. - μετά από συγκεκριμένα επίθετα όπως difficult, easy, great, happy, important, pleased, ready, right, sad, surprised και wrong. I’m very happy to see you. Are you ready to go now? A Circle the correct words. 1 He enjoys to read / reading books. 2 We hope to see / seeing you soon. 3 J K Rowling is famous for to write / writing the Harry Potter books. 4 I want to sleep / sleeping, but you’re making too much noise. 5 We dislike to read / reading books about boring things. 6 To spend / Spending all your time online is not a good idea. 7 Let’s go to swim / swimming tomorrow. 8 He learnt to play / playing the guitar when he was ten. B Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or full infinitives. 1 What do you want (do) tomorrow? 2 You were wrong 3 (say) those things, Tom. 4 Grandpa says that (play) video games is a lot of fun. 5 Don’t forget (listen) to rock music is bad for your brain. 6 I’m afraid of (call) your mother. 7 Where’s Rita? I need (walk) home at night. 8 Let’s go (talk) to her. (ski) in Switzerland next winter! C Complete the sentences with the verbs in the brackets. Use gerunds and full infinitives. 1 I can’t go on . I’m too tired home. (walk, walk) 2 Have you finished 3 We’re going your homework? Was it easy ? (do, do) 4 5 He has decided tomorrow. Do you want with us? (swim, come) 6 I hate 7 He remembered is fun. I often go to the river . (fish, fish) 8  to university. He is interested in . (go, study) salty. (eat, eat) to the supermarket the shopping on Saturdays. (go, do) the door, but he forgot the cat. (lock, feed) a lot of salty food is bad for you. You should learn food which isn’t D Match. a to give me the information which I need. b missing their bus. 1 She is good at c to see a doctor. 2 At school, we are learning d to write stories. 3 They are worried about e to share personal information online. 4 Linda dreams of f becoming famous. 5 He went to the hospital g to like her new school. 6 It can be dangerous h dancing. 7 You have forgotten 8 Olivia seems UNIT 6 LESSON 4 125

Lesson 4 Gerunds, Full Infinitives E Complete the paragraph with the verbs in the brackets. Use gerunds or full infinitives. L ast week, I was very surprised 1 (get) a strange email. I didn’t know who had sent it. There was a photo with it, but I didn’t want 2 (open) it. 3 (do) that is dangerous when you don’t know the sender. So, I didn’t open it, and I decided 4 (delete) it. The next day, I checked my emails again. I was very surprised 5 (see) the same email again! I deleted it again. Later that day, I went 6 (shop) in the town centre. My friend Joe was sitting at a café. It was great 7 (see) him and we started 8 (talk). That’s when I found out that he had sent the emails 9 (ask) me to his party! I felt bad about 10 (delete) his emails. I said sorry and I went to his party! F Correct the sentences which have a mistake in them. Tick (✔) the sentences which are correct. 1 I can’t stand to waste time online. 5 Alice hates waiting for people. 2 To make mistakes is a good way to learn a lesson. 6 They are preparing going away. 3 Do you agree to help me tomorrow? 7 I miss to talk to my friends when I’m on holiday. 4 You were right staying at home – the party was boring! 8 It’s important to save your work on your computer. TALK ABOUT IT! Look at the activities in the pictures. Tell your partner how you feel about them. Use gerunds and full infinitives. Use your own ideas and the words below to help you. boring difficult easy good pleased chat cook enjoy help jog meet spend time with study wash the dishes I love chatting with my friends online. It’s good to share my news with them. 126

Lesson 5 Question Tags That’s my classical CD, isn’t it? Yes, Mum, it is. Rocky, we don’t want to listen to it, do we? Let’s listen to music. You like rock music, don’t you? Yes, I do. No, we don’t! Question Tags • Ό ταν η πρόταση έχει καταφατικό νόημα, χρησιμοποιούμε • Q uestion tags είναι σύντομες ερωτήσεις στο αρνητική question tag. Όταν η πρόταση έχει αρνητικό νόημα, χρησιμοποιούμε καταφατική question tag. τέλος μιας πρότασης. You like drawing, don’t you? Nick can play chess, can’t he? You sister hasn’t lost my book, has she? • Χρησιμοποιούμε question tags: • Κάποιες question tags δεν ακολουθούν αυτούς - όταν θέλουμε κάποιος να συμφωνήσει με αυτό τους κανόνες: που λέμε. - Ό ταν έχουμε μια καταφατική πρόταση με I am, These games are great, aren’t they? - όταν θέλουμε να μάθουμε αν κάτι είναι αλήθεια. χρησιμοποιούμε aren’t I? ως question tag. She locked the door, didn’t she? I’m wrong, aren’t I? (BUT I’m not wrong, am I?) - Όταν έχουμε μια καταφατική πρόταση με Everyone is, • Σ χηματίζουμε την question tag με auxiliary verb (be, do και have) ή με modal verb (can, could, χρησιμοποιούμε aren’t they? ως question tag. should, κλπ) + subject pronoun. Πριν από την Everyone is happy to be here, aren’t they? question tag βάζουμε κόμμα. Be amazing! He’s in your class, isn’t he? They called you, didn’t they? Χρησιμοποίησε αρνητική question tag όταν We could go shopping, couldn’t we? η πρόταση είναι καταφατική, και καταφατική You should try to solve the puzzle, shouldn’t you? question tag όταν η πρόταση είναι αρνητική. UNIT 6 LESSON 5 127

Lesson 5 Question Tags A Circle the correct words. 1 It isn’t safe to share personal information online, isn’t it / is it? 2 He shouldn’t call people names, shouldn’t he / should he? 3 She doesn’t look happy, does she / doesn’t she? 4 You’re changing your password, aren’t you / are you? 5 I won’t win the prize, won’t I / will I? 6 You wrote reviews online, didn’t you / did you? 7 Bart and Lisa can come with us tonight, can they / can’t they? 8 Ivana and I haven’t made a mess, haven’t we / have we? B Choose the correct answers. 1 You know that I’m right, ? 5 They can delete the emails, ? a aren’t I b don’t you a can’t they b don’t they 2 Ben and Casey will see Tom tomorrow, 6 You weren’t able to find his phone number, a won’t they b don’t they ? a did you b were you ? 3 We couldn’t stay here, ? 7 I haven’t made a mistake, ? a can we b could we a have I b did I 4 It’s been cold for weeks, ? 8 Paula speaks English well, ? a isn’t it b hasn’t it a can’t she b doesn’t she C Match. a shouldn’t we? b am I? 1 You won’t keep the same password, c were you? 2 He’s a bully, d will you? 3 I’m not as funny as Leo, e hadn’t he? 4 Becky hasn’t shared her information online, f has she? 5 You weren’t very busy today, g couldn’t they? 6 George and Mario could help us, h isn’t he? 7 We should go home now, 8 He’d designed a game, D Complete the questions with these question tags. aren’t you did it don’t you hadn’t they hasn’t she should we wasn’t it will he 1 You know the answer, ? ? 2 We shouldn’t stay too long, ? 3 It didn’t rain yesterday, 4 You’re going to the doctor next week, ? 5 She’s already seen this film, 6 He won’t know where to go, ? 7 They’d done that before, ? 8 This was an interesting exercise, ? ? E Write the question tags. 1 He doesn’t cook very well, ? 2 The shop hasn’t opened yet, ? 3 She can speak English, 4 They won’t call us, ? 5 You’d seen Bob before you went away, ? 6 I’m coming with you, ? ? 7 We shouldn’t be worried about anything, ? 8 It could rain later, ? 128

F Complete the dialogue with question tags. Ben You and your brother don’t play Minecraft, 1 ? Dan Actually, we do. You’ve played it too, 2 ? Ben No, not yet. But it’s fun, 3 Dan Oh, it’s great. You should try it. ? ? ? Ben It was designed by someone in America, 4 Dan No, I think he’s from Sweden, 5 ? Ben Oh, OK. So, the games you play are exciting, 6 ? Dan Yes, they’re amazing! Ben I couldn’t watch you play, 7 Dan Yes, no problem! We can play now, 8 ? Ben OK, let’s do it! TALK ABOUT IT! Talk about the photos with a partner. Use question tags. The girls look bored, don't they? Yes, they do. They should wake up, shouldn’t they? UNIT 6 LESSON 5 129

Review 3 A Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the first conditional. 1 They (not unlock) the door unless they (solve) the puzzle. 2 We (have) more money if we (save) it. 3 If you (not enjoy) adventures, you (not like) this game. 4 If he (change) his computer password, his personal information (be) safe. 5  (delete) the email if you (not know) who sent it. 6 If you (find) tickets for the concert, (you / buy) one for me too? 7 If Lucy (like) computer games, she (love) Minecraft. 8 We (not go) to the beach unless it (be) sunny. B Complete the sentences with these words. can can’t could ’m not able to wasn’t able to weren’t able to will you be able to 1 We discover the secret when we played the game. 2 I’m sorry, but you leave your bags here. 3 He answer the question when I asked him. 4 I see the doctor, please? 5 visit us next week? 6 ‘Could I go snowboarding?’ ‘Yes, you .’ 7 I’m sorry, I help you. C Match. a It’s not allowed. b We wanted him to stay. 1 Mum mustn’t lift anything. c I can’t read it. 2 You’ll have to write this essay again. d Patients are asleep. 3 Visitors to the hospital must be quiet. e She couldn’t hear me. 4 She doesn’t have to pay for the drink. f It’s free. 5 You mustn’t use your phone in the classroom. g She has hurt her arm and shouldn’t use it. 6 I had to talk very loudly. h If he doesn’t, he can’t buy a car this year. 7 John has to save some money. 8 He didn’t have to go home. 130

Units 5 & 6 D Circle the correct words. 1 It could / should be cloudy tomorrow – I hope it isn’t. 2 I want to visit Carly, but she might not / couldn’t be at home. 3 You couldn’t / shouldn’t spend so much money. 4 We may / should go to the park – I’ll call you if we do. 5 I have a problem. What should / might I do? 6 Don’t open that email – it may not / shouldn’t be safe. 7 ‘Can / Could Lily be at home?’ ‘I don’t know.’ 8 I think he can / might be awake now – let’s call him. E Write subject and object questions. Make sure the words in bold are the answers to the questions you write. 1 Eddie plays the drums. 2 Harry is calling me. 3 They went to the office. 4 He spoke to her yesterday. 5 The baby was crying because it was hungry. 6 Their school is in King Street. 7 Elena likes Sam. 8 We’ve seen a film. F Choose the correct answers. 1 Joe doesn’t like his new job – it isn’t his last job. a as interesting as b more interesting c the most interesting c the tallest 2 Harry is taller than Will, but Jake is in his class. c the nicest c the worst a taller than b as tall as c the most carefully c as difficult as 3 It’s a beautiful day today – it’s it was yesterday. a as nice b nicer than 4 Nick and George are bad at tennis – they play I do! a as bad as b worse than 5 Richard does his homework of all the students. a as carefully as b more carefully than 6 That was of all the puzzles to solve. a the most difficult b more difficult REVIEW 3 131

Review 3 G Write sentences. Use the present simple passive. 1 Pilots fly planes. 2 People waste a lot of time on the Internet. 3 They don’t keep the books in this room. 4 Jane washes the dishes. 5 My teacher doesn’t give me many tests. 6 Not many people visit the theme park. 7 They don’t teach English at that school. 8 We sell bicycles here. H Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the past simple passive. 1 (the problems / solve) by Mike? 2 The house (build) my grandfather. 3 I 4 (not ask) to answer any questions. 5 I lost my sunglasses and they (the game / sell) in America? 6 7 Jason (not find). 8 When (you / pay) to design the game? (send) to the shop by his mother. (the money / take)? I Complete the paragraph with the words in brackets. Use gerunds or full infinitives. Do you enjoy 1 (spend) time online with your friends? I know you do! 2 (chat) with them is fun. 3 (share) photos with your friends and 4 (play) computer games is a nice way 5 (spend) time. But be smart and don’t forget 6 (stay) safe! 7 (give) your personal information to people who you don’t know is dangerous. You should never agree 8 (send) them information about yourself. If you’re worried about 9 (be) safe and you want 10 (find out) more about how to protect yourself online, go to https://beinternetawesome.withgoogle.com/en/interland. 132

Units 5 & 6 J Choose the correct answers. 1 You haven’t seen Tod, ? c have you a did you b has he 2 This key fits, ? a doesn’t it b hasn’t it c did it 3 Lucy wasn’t online today, ? a is she b was she c has she 4 Ben and I could help you, ? a can’t I b can we c couldn’t we 5 Your friends won’t to go the cinema, ? a do they b will they c have they 6 I’m not boring, ? a am I b aren’t I c do I 7 Tom had played Minecraft, ? a hasn’t he b didn’t he c hadn’t he 8 You and Anne like scary films, ? a don’t you b doesn’t she c did you WRITE ABOUT IT! A C omplete Lily’s email with these words and phrases. best don’t you have to if might played playing unless Hi Chris, You asked me about my favourite game. Well, most of my friends love 1 computer games, but I don’t. I think the 2 game of all is ‘Trivial Pursuit’. You know the game, 3 ? It’s 4 by two to six people. You 5 answer questions about geography, science, history, books, art, films, music and sport. 6 you answer a question correctly, you can try to answer another question. It’s great fun, but 7 you know a lot, you won’t win! Why don’t you try it? You 8 like it and then we could play together! From, Lily B N ow write an email to your cousin about your favourite game. Use the grammar you have learnt in Units 5 and 6. Use the words below or your own ideas. beat clue discover end enjoy escape players secret solve treasure try video game win REVIEW 3 133