Preactivate your Grammar and Vocabulary B1 Student's Book with Key sample

YOUR GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY Alexandra Green THE B1 PSREELPLIANRGATION B1

Contents UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY PAGE Clothes and Shopping 4 1 Present Tenses Education, Communications 2 Past Tenses and Technology 18 32 Review 1 (Units 1–2) Entertainment and the Media 34 3 Future Tenses 4 Modals, Semi-modals and Modals Perfect The Environment 48 Mind Your Phrasals 1 Buildings and Places 63 Review 2 (Units 3–4) 65 67 5 The Passive 6 Conditionals Health, Medicine and Exercise 82 Review 3 (Units 5–6) 94 7 Reported Speech Hobbies, Leisure and Sports 96 8 Relative Clauses House and Home 112 Mind Your Phrasals 2 127 129 Review 4 (Units 7–8) 131 9 The Causative, Articles, Countable and Food and Drink Uncountable Nouns, Quantifiers 10 Wishes and Preferences, Gerund and The Natural World and Weather 148 Infinitives 164 Travel and Transport, 166 Review 5 (Units 9–10) Feelings and Experiences 181 Jobs and the Working World Today 11 Adjectives, Adverbs, So and Such 12 Clauses and Conjunctions Mind Your Phrasals 3 196 Review 6 (Units 11–12) 198 Spelling Rules 200 Irregular Verbs 201 Dependent Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases 204

01 Present Tenses 1 Read and circle the correct answers. ••••PSPCrtrleaoesttsiheevenensttVSaPeinermdbrpfsSelehc,otPpSrpieminspgelnet, Continuous Continuous Present Perfect A We usually cycle to school but today we are walking to school because it is raining. Cycling is quite dangerous in the rain, especially when I have to use my umbrella. Most of my classmates walk to school or take the bus. 1 We are walking to school. a This is a habit, something that happens regularly. b This is happening now. 2 Most of my classmates walk to school. a This is a habit, something that happens regularly. b This is happening now. B It’s already ten past eight and I’m still getting dressed! I’m looking for my jeans, and my new jumper! I haven’t even had breakfast yet! 3 I’m still getting dressed! a This action is happening now. b This action is complete. C Gemma and Ann have seen an online advertisement for a pair of boots that they really like. They have been looking for a similar pair all morning. They’ve been to all the shoe shops in town, but they haven’t had any luck! They both feel very disappointed. 4 Gemma and Ann have been looking for a similar pair all morning. a This is something that has just finished. b This is something that started some time ago and continues in the present. 5 They’ve been to all the shoe shops in town. a This is something that is still happening. b This is something that has finished. 6 They both feel very disappointed. a This is happening now. b This is something that happens regularly. 4

Grammar FORM USE EXAMPLE Present Simple • general truths and They live in a small village in the permanent situations mountains. I / You / We / They / work. He / She / It works. Do I / you / we / they / work? • facts and laws of nature Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Does he / she / it work? • h abits and routines (often What do you usually wear to school? I / You / We / They do not (don’t) work. with adverbs of frequency) He / She / It does not (doesn’t) work. • timetables and Shops in this town close late tonight. programmed events in the future • s tories, reviews and Terry runs with the ball, he shoots and sports commentaries he scores! Present Continuous • a ctions happening now, Jessica is trying on some new clothes in at the time of speaking the changing room. I am (’m) shopping. You / We / They are (’re) shopping. • temporary situations We are sharing a computer at the moment, He / She / It is (’s) shopping. as our new laptops haven’t arrived yet. Am I shopping? • changing situations The weather is getting worse these days! Are you / we / they shopping? Is he / she / it shopping? • a nnoying habits or actions My little brother is always borrowing my I am not (I’m not) shopping. (often with always) things. It’s so annoying! You / We / They are not (aren’t) shopping. • arrangements or plans for We’re going to London next weekend. He / She / It is not (isn’t) shopping. the near future Expressions of Time Present Simple We often use these time expressions with the present simple: every morning/month, in the afternoon/evening, at night, at the weekend, on Fridays, in (the) summer, in March, once/twice/three times a week, etc. We do kick-boxing twice a week. Adverbs of Frequency We often use the present simple with adverbs of frequency such as: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, etc. They rarely agree on what to do. ALERT! Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb but after the verb to be. We usually go out with friends on Saturdays. Josh is never here when we need him. Present Continuous We often use these time expressions with the present continuous: at present, at the moment, now, right now, today, tonight, nowadays, for the time being, this week/month/year, soon, tomorrow, etc. I’m sending a message at the moment. We’re moving to Australia this summer. UNIT 1 5

Unit 1 FORM USE EXAMPLE Stative Verbs • v erbs which show that something belongs to This coat belongs to Annie and you: belong to, have, own, etc. that one is her brother’s. Stative verbs describe This dress looks great on you. states, not actions. We do • v erbs which describe the senses: see, hear, not usually use them in smell, taste, feel, look, sound, etc. Keith hates in-store shopping. He continuous tenses, even prefers shopping online. when want to talk about • verbs which describe emotions: dislike, enjoy, something that is happening hate, like, love, prefer, etc. now, at exactly this moment. • verbs which describe ways of thinking: agree, I don’t think that’s Ella’s sweater. believe, forget, hope, imagine, know, mind, think, remember, understand, realise, etc. • o ther verbs which describe size, weight, How much does this bracelet cost? appearance, etc.: cost, weigh, seem, appear, etc. State or Action? I think these boots are too expensive. (believe) I am thinking of taking a course in fashion design. (am considering, thinking about) Some verbs have two meanings: one that James has a new jacket. (owns) describes an action and one James is having a party this weekend. (is organising) that describes a state. When they describe actions, we I don’t think Katie sees what I mean. (understands) can use them in continuous Katie is seeing Helen this evening. (is meeting) tenses. FORM USE EXAMPLE Present Perfect Simple • something that started in the past and has Sarah has worked for this company continued until now since 2010. I / You / We / They have (’ve) I think I’ve met him before. left. • s omething that happened in the past, but we He / She / It has (’s) left. don’t know or we don’t say exactly when This is the first time my brother has offered to lend me his laptop! Have I / you / we / they left? • when we talk about the first time something Has he / she / it left? has happened We’ve tidied our room. It looks great, doesn’t it? I / You / We / They have not • something that happened in the past, but has (haven’t) left. a result in, or an effect on, the present He / She / It has not (hasn’t) left. • something that happened a very short time I don’t have to go shopping. I’ve ago (usually with just) just ordered a pair of jeans online. have been vs have gone • experiences that we have had and things we My parents have visited Antarctica have done or not done in our lives twice. We use have been to say that someone went Liam has been to Dubai before. (He somewhere and has returned. went to Dubai but he is back now.) We use have gone to say that someone went Anne has gone to the supermarket. somewhere and is still there. (She is at the supermarket now.) 6

Grammar FORM USE EXAMPLE Present Perfect Continuous • a ctions that started in the past We have been walking around and continue until now; we want to the shopping mall all morning! I / You / We / They have (’ve) been reading. emphasise how long it has been in He / She / It has (’s) been reading. progress I’m very tired. I’ve been working hard all day. Have I / you / we / they been reading? • actions that have finished recently, Has he / she / it been reading? but have a result in, or an effect on, They’ve been cooking all week. the present How many people have they I / You / We / They have not (haven’t) been invited to the dinner party? reading. • to emphasise how long actions have He / She / It has not (hasn’t) been reading. been in progress Expressions of Time Present Perfect Simple We often use the present perfect simple with these time words and phrases: ever, never, just, already, yet, for, since, once/twice/three times, recently, so far, lately, until now, always, today, this month, How long…?, etc. Have you ever travelled by boat? They have never talked to us about their problems. Ryan has just left home. We have already done our homework. Jim hasn’t arrived yet. We’ve had this car for six years. She’s been here since six o’clock. I’ve written two paragraphs so far. Have you spoken to Steven lately? We haven’t been out recently. I have always wanted to fly in a hot-air balloon. We haven’t had any calls today. We have spent a lot of money this month. Present Perfect Continuous We often use the present perfect continuous with these time words and phrases: all morning/day/night, for, since, lately, recently, How long …?, etc. We’ve been studying all weekend. It’s time for a break! We’ve been working on this project for two whole weeks! Have you been living in this tiny flat since you left home? Jack hasn’t been sleeping very well lately. How long has Jane been trying to get her novel published? ALERT! We do not use stative verbs in continuous tenses, unless they describe an action. I’ve had a bike since I was five years old. I’ve been having parties for my birthday for as long as I can remember. UNIT 1 7

Unit 1 2 Circle the correct answers. 1 We often go / are going to the supermarket on Saturday mornings. 2 Does hot water freeze / Is hot water freezing faster than cold water? 3 Oh, look! Hannah wears / is wearing the sunglasses I gave her for her birthday. 4 It rarely snows / is snowing here in the winter. 5 My parents never pay / are paying in cash when they go shopping. 6 Do you travel / Are you travelling to Singapore every summer? 7 I download / ’m downloading a great video at the moment. 8 How often do you check / are you checking your emails? 9 My mum works / is working from home this month. 10 Jason is always lose / losing his keys! It’s so annoying. 11 Do you / Are you ever wear second-hand clothes? 12 The Millets leave / are leaving for Canada. Let’s go and say goodbye. 3 Choose the correct answers. b Is this tablet 1 belong to Harriet? a Does this tablet 2 of buying a black tracksuit for my brother. I think he’d like one. a I think b I’m thinking 3 Keith very tired today. He should go home and get some rest. a is looking b looks 4 know why Marsha is late? a Are you b Do you 5 He understand anything I say. a doesn’t b is not 6 How much cost? b is this iPad a does this iPad 7 I’m afraid Josh can’t come to the phone right now. He a shower. a has b is having 8 Jason his grandparents very often. a doesn’t see b is not seeing 9 This cake delicious. a tastes b is tasting 10 I the cheese for the pasta dish at the moment. a weigh b am weighing 11 What at? There’s nothing interesting on this website. a are you looking b do you look 12 Adele in New York next September. I’d love to go, but there are no tickets left. a appears b is appearing 8

Grammar 4 Complete. Use the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous. 1 She ’s (has) been doing (do) housework for hours, and her back hurts! (not hear) from him since last year. 2 We haven’t heard (go) on holiday to France since he was a boy, and he still 3 Liam ’s (has) been going loves it there. 4 M y gra ndpare nts di dn’t want to move house, but they ’ve (have) just moved into (just / move into) a flat near our house. 5 D on’t worry! Pete ’s (has) already called (already / call) his parents and they’re coming to pick him up. 6 I ’ve (have) been working out (work out) at the gym recently, and I’m really enjoying it. 7 We ’ve (have) been (be) to this new Mexican restaurant three times. 5 Read and complete the dialogue. Use present tenses. Tessa: (1) Do you often post (you / often / post) photos on social media? Lynn: Sometimes, but I (2) rarely share (rarely / share) photos of my family. Tessa: I (3) ’ve (have) just posted (just / post) the photo we took last Saturday when we went shopping. Lynn: Oh no! I (4) look (look) terrible in that p hoto . And I (5) ’m (am) wearing (wear) that horrible dress. Can you send it to me? Tessa: OK. I (6) ’m (am) sending (send) it to you as we speak. You’ll see! We’ll get a lot of ‘likes’! Lynn: Thanks, I (7) ’ve (have) just got (just / get) it. That dre ss (8) doesn’t suit (not suit) me at all. Tessa: Come o n! You (9) ’re (are) always complaining (always / complain) about the way you look in photos! Lynn: You’re r ight! T hat’s why I (10) hate (hate) taking selfies! Tessa: Lynn, it’ s two o’clock. (11) Have you finished (you / finish) your biology project? Lynn: Almost. I (12) ’ve (have) been working (work) on it since nine o’clock this morning. So, (13) are we going out (we / go out) for coffee later this afternoon? Tessa: Yes! (14 ) Have you called (you / call) Melanie and Peggy to let them know? Lynn: I (15) ’ve (have) spoken (speak) to Melanie, but I (16) haven’t (have not) spoken (not speak) to Peggy yet. I’ll text her now. Tessa: Great! See you later! Lynn: See you! UNIT 1 9

Unit 1 6 Write sentences. Use present tenses. 1 you / prefer / shirts or pullovers? Do you prefer shirts or pullovers? 2 Ellie / not call / me / yet Ellie hasn’t called me yet. 3 Henry / always leave / his toys on the floor! Henry is always leaving his toys on the floor! 4 how long / you / wait / outside the clothes shop? How long have you been waiting outside the clothes shop? 5 they / play / video games / all day! They’ve been playing video games all day! 6 Harry / fly / to Milan / in two days Harry is flying/flies to Milan in two days. 7 I / never see / such beautiful earrings / before! I’ve never seen such beautiful earrings before! 8 the film / start / at nine o’clock? Does the film start at nine o’clock? 9 they / drive / the same car / for more than twenty years They’ve been driving/driven the same car for more than twenty years. 10 we / usually / order / pizza / on Fridays We usually order pizza on Fridays. 11 Sam / have dinner / at the moment Sam is having dinner at the moment. 12 my friends and I / rarely go out / on weeknights My friends and I rarely go out on weeknights. 13 this / be / the first time / we / play / this video game This is the first time we’ve played this video game. 14 how long / she / learn / Spanish? How long has she been learning Spanish? 10

Grammar 7 Read and choose the correct answers. Online shopping or in-store shopping? Online shopping (1) more popular recently, and a huge number of goods and services are now available on the web. Although online shopping is convenient and saves time for buyers, in-store shopping (2) to be here to stay. Many shoppers (3) to try on or test products before buying them, so they prefer to do their shopping in person. Friendly sales assistants in shops (4) a personal shopping experience. Also, shoppers (5) stores because they want to take items home immediately. Online shopping, on the other hand, is available 24 hours a day, and shoppers can search for products on different websites, from home or any other place, without having to think about time or transport. People (6) that online shopping is less popular with older shoppers, who (7) to shop in person. Recent research, however, (8) that both younger and older shoppers like to research products online, but they make their final choices and buy products in stores. 1 a becomes b becoming c has become 2 a appears b is appearing c has been appearing 3 a liked b like c are liking 4 a are creating b have been creating c create 5 a are choosing b choose c have chosen 6 a think often b often think c are often thinking 7 a prefer b are preferring c have preferred 8 a is showing b has been showing c has shown 8 Answer the questions about you. Use always, usually, often or never in your answers. Suggested answers I usually buy clothes 1 Do you buy clothes online or in-store? Give a reason. in-store. I want to make I never buy clothes online because I’m not sure if they are the right size. sure they fit me. 2 Do you try on clothes before you make a decision? Give a reason. I always try on clothes before I make a decision, because I want to make sure they suit me. 3 Are there any items of clothing that you never try on? Why not? I never try on socks because it’s not necessary. I know what size I am. 4 Do you go shopping with your parents or with your friends? I never go shopping with my parents. I usually go shopping with my friends. 5 Have you ever bought something that was the wrong size? No, I’ve never bought something that was the wrong size. 6 How much money do you spend on clothes monthly? I usually spend about 40 euros. UNIT 1 11

Unit 1 Exams in Action 1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1 Brian started working here six months ago. Brian has been working here for six months. 2 This is our first trip to Finland. We’ve never been to Finland before. 3 I am still cooking dinner. I haven’t finished cooking dinner yet. 4 Belinda loses things all the time. It’s annoying! Belinda is always losing things. It’s annoying! 5 Jane has never had her own smartphone before. This is the first time that Jane has had her own smartphone. 12

Grammar 2 Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1 shopping with friends? 9 what time the ferry leaves on Friday? a You usually go a Are you remembering b Do you usually go b You remember c Are you going usually c Do you remember d Do you go usually d You are remembering 2 Lily and I of going ice-skating this afternoon. 10 A: Where’s Dennis? to the library. Do you want to join us? B: He isn’t here. He a has been a think b going b is thinking c goes c are thinking d has gone d have thought 3 I got her email this morning and I . 11 Susan very nervous. She must calm down. a have already replied a looks b always reply b is looking c have replied yet c has looked d don’t usually reply d has been looking 4 We Robert for years. We’re very good friends. 12 A: Why are Mark’s clothes wet? a have known B: He in the rain. b know a walking c are knowing b walks d known c has been walking d been walking 5 Why to lock the door? It’s not safe. a you are always forgetting 13 someone famous? b you always forget a Have you ever been meeting c you are forgetting always b Have you ever met d are you always forgetting c Do you ever meet d Are you ever meeting 6 I time to play basketball today. I have too much homework. 14 He to the top of this mountain three times, and he plans to do it again. a am not having b don’t have a has been climbing c am not b has climbed d not have c is climbing d climbs 7 jeans and a T-shirt to school? a You ever wear 15 We to this part of town before. This is the b Have you ever worn first time. c Are you ever wearing d Have you ever been wearing a have never been b have never gone 8 Jonah to buy a new pair of trainers for c have never been going months now. d have been a is saving up b has been saving up c been saving up d saves up UNIT 1 13

Clothes and Shopping 1 Cross out the word that cannot be used with the word in bold. 1 leather boots make-up bag 2 fashionable service jewellery accessories 3 damaged goods bargains trainers 4 silk blouse sunglasses skirt 5 gold earrings buttons complaint 6 reasonable price cash choice 7 old-fashioned clothes furniture cost 8 trendy sales haircut style 9 reduced fashion cost price 10 customer complaint refund service 2 Complete the sentences with the words below. assistant card changing department designer opening school shopping tag 1 I don’t en joy shop ping in l arge department stores. I prefer smaller local shops. 2 My mothe r lost he r credit card last month and had to apply for a new one. 3 A helpful shop assistant advised me to buy a silk shirt that was reduced by 40%. 4 Look at th e price tag ! This tracksuit is a real bargain. 5 The shopping centre gets really crowded during the first week of the sales. 6 I don’t lik e tryin g on clothes in changing rooms. I prefer to try them on at home. 7 What are the opening hours of shops in your area on Saturdays? 8 Take off y our school uniform and put on your tracksuit. We’re going hiking! 9 I never bu y designer labels. They’re too expensive! 3 Circle the correct words. 1 This dress is reduced from €80 to only €20. It’s a real bargain / cost. 2 I’m not sure this dress will fit / suit me. It’s a size 10, and I usually take a size 12. 3 Could I please take off / try on this sweater in my size? 4 The store was empty! There weren’t any customers at the checkout / queue. 5 That jacket fits / suits you. You look really nice in green. 6 Most people prefer to pay by cash / credit card nowadays. 7 I’ve done / made a complaint to the store manager. 8 I’m going to return this handbag and ask for a refund / sale. 14

Vocabulary 4 Read and choose the correct answers. Email From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Dear Mr Clark, I am writing to make a (1) about a shirt that I bought from your department store last week. The shirt was reduced by 50%, and seemed to be a real (2) . Unfortunately, when I got home, I noticed that the sleeves were different lengths. Three days later, I went back to the store to (3) it for something else or to ask for a (4) . To my surprise, the shop assistant said that I could not (5) a reduced-price item. I have been one of your best (6) since your store opened fifteen years ago, and I have always been satisfied with the (7) of your products and customer (8) . However, I do not think it is right to have damaged goods on sale. Please feel free to contact me by phone at 01708 973 219. Regards, Elisabeth Marks 1 a company b complaint c business 5 a advise b return c complain 6 a assistants b customers c managers 2 a bargain b sale c price 7 a quality b safety c security 8 a satisfaction b shopping c service 3 a find b exchange c serve 4 a report b cost c refund 5 Write the words that are related to the words in bold. backpack blouse boots buyer cap costume handbag helmet jacket jeans pullover raincoat sandals shirt shopper shorts suit sweater sweatshirt trainers T-shirt uniform 1 shoes boots sandals trainers 2 customer buyer shopper sweatshirt 3 jumper pullover sweater 4 top blouse T-shirt 5 trousers jeans shirt 6 coat jacket shorts uniform 7 bag backpack raincoat 8 outfit costume handbag 9 hat cap suit helmet 6 Answer the questions. Use words from Exercise 5. Suggested answers UNIT 1 15 1 What do business people usually wear to work? Why? Business people usually wear suits to work because they want to look smart. 2 What do you wear to keep warm in winter? I sometimes wear a pullover, a coat and boots. 3 What do you and your friends usually wear in the summer? We usually wear shorts, T-shirts and sandals. 4 What do you wear to school? We wear a uniform. 5 What type of shoes do you like to wear? Why? I like to wear trainers because they’re trendy.

Unit 1 Exams in Action 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each gap. A shopping experience For most customers, shopping is a fun activity. If you enjoy in-store shopping, Arco’s (1) store is the place for you. You can find all the latest clothes and accessories here at (2) prices. Good customer (3) starts with being friendly and polite. Our sales assistants put the customers’ needs first. You will have their full attention without even asking for it. They can offer advice and help you make the right choice. They will listen to your (4) if you have to return or (5) something. Arco’s department store has a(n) (6) every week, not just during the holiday seasons. You can find trainers, jackets and designer (7) reduced by 50% to 60%. There are thousands of items at (8) prices! Arco’s is easy to reach by public transport, and it’s right next to some of the best cafés, restaurants and theatres in town. If you prefer online shopping, you can visit Arco’s website. Its (9) is easy to use, and its live chat helps (10) who need information in real time. Who could ask for more? 1 a online b department c opening d boring 2 a fashionable 3 a complaint b trendy c reasonable d useful 4 a ideas 5 a reduce b service c product d variety 6 a activity 7 a jeans b opinions c complaints d reasons 8 a sale 9 a checkout b exchange c offer d serve 10 a shoppers b price c sale d product b shopping c prices d tags b product c cost d bargain b experience c result d quality b assistants c managers d students 16

Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1 Come in! your coat and scarf and make yourself 9 The younger students wear blue trousers and grey at home. . a Take out a backpacks b Take off b uniforms c Put off c tracksuits d Try on d sweatshirts 2 Why do you need cash? We can pay . 10 They know me – I’m one of the shop’s best . a by credit card a friends b in credit b managers c in credit card c customers d on credit card d buyers 3 I don’t understand why he a complaint about 11 All the shirts are to €20. the service at this restaurant. a reduced b replaced a did c exchanged b collected d returned c made d returned 4 You cannot get a if you return a product that 12 You can only take three items of clothing into you have already used. the . a receipt a customer service b refund b checkout queue c bargain c department store d service d changing room 13 You have to buy a for your job interview. a costume 5 I can’t afford to buy labels. b suit a customer c uniform b designer d tracksuit c manager d shopper 14 What skills do you need to be a good shop ? a customer 6 These trousers don’t me. Do you have them b buyer in a larger size? c assistant d designer a suit b return 15 How much is this handbag? I can’t find the . c serve a cost d fit b price tag c label 7 My younger sister loves fashion! She always wears d item clothes and accessories. a old-fashioned b damaged c trendy d reasonable 8 He was really surprised when the manager told him he couldn’t the sweater because he had bought it in the sale. a refund b reduce c make d return UNIT 1 17



YOUR GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY B1 Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 presents grammar and vocabulary in a clear and concise way. The book has been written to reflect the needs and topics relevant to students at B1 level. It comprises theme-based units in which the English language is presented in an active context. Students are able to consolidate the grammatical structures and vocabulary required for B1 level by means of a large range of generic exercises as well as exam-type tasks. Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 features: • 12 theme-based units. • c lear and simple grammar explanations and examples with an emphasis on natural language use. • a variety of grammar and vocabulary exercises that provide students with ample practice. • a section dedicated to phrasal verbs after every four units. • a review after every two units. Components of this series include: Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 Student’s Book Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 Teacher’s Book Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 Test Book Preactivate your Grammar & Vocabulary B1 Interactive Whiteboard Software Also available: Activate your Grammar Activate your Reactivate your Grammar Reactivate your & Vocabulary B2 Writing B2 & Vocabulary C1/C2 Writing C2 Cambridge B1 Preliminary Practice Tests