Supply Chain Management Text and Cases by Janat Shah (z-lib.org)

| 476 | Subject Index MOSP, see mission, objectives, strategies and policies point of differentiation, 250, 252–54, 256–58, 261–62, 269 motivation, 50, 52, 61 concept of, 252 MRPII, see manufacturing resource planning 194 MRP, see material requirements planning 194 point-of-sales, 12, 195 MSE, see mean square error political risk services, 309 MTO, see make to order Porter, Michael, 46 MTS, see make to stock portfolio analysis, 59–62 POS, see point of sale N Postponement, 249, 254–57 network design and operations, 131–32, 134, 141, 143–44, costs and benefits of, 242 147, 150 strategy, 254–57 aftermarket service system, 152 price, 4, 19, 26–27, 32, 35, 135–37 data for, 147 differential, 315, 321, 327, 331 implications on supply chain performance, 132 fluctuations, 233–34 location of nodes, 131–32 purchase, 331 transfer, 137 optimal, 150, 154 price elasticity, 319, 323, 332 public service systems, 152 price reduction, 58 retail outlets, 151 pricing, 103, 105–06, 115, 118, 315–16, 318 multiple capacity, 143 capacity constraints, 318, 331 optimization of, 132, 137 differential, 315, 321, 323, 325, 331–32 profit maximization model, 136, 140 innovative, 321–22 profit maximization problem, 136, 140 peak-load, 321 planning, 131–32, 133, 135, 143, 154, 156 variable cost, 318 political dimensions of, 141 pricing decision, 315–16 seasonal products, 143 optimal, 315–16, 326–29 short life cycle products, 144 pricing strategy, 332 uncertainty in, 153 process redesign, 294, 310 network design restructure, 250, 294, 310 procurement, 10, 29, 39, 46, 194 planning and control, 10 O product, 1, 3–14, 16–21, 45–46, 48–49, 51–52 online analytical processing, 202 bottleneck, 60 operational efficiencies, 237 categories, 26, 31, 34 opportunistic behaviour, 54, 63 demand characteristics, 104, 106–07, 112, 128 optimization, 41–42 differentiated, 49 optimum safety stock, 266 end, 29 order batching, 231, 234 fashion, 77, 94 order cycle, 400 final, 45 order distortion, 229 functional, 31–33, 42 global, 45 impact of buyer practices on, 229 high-value, 60 order penetration point, 29–30, 34, 42 innovative, 31–33, 42, 272 order processing, 10, 14 leverage, 60 order quantity, 230–31, 233 nature of, 104, 106–07 order size, 76, 79, 95 non-availability of, 71–72, 74, 77 order track and trace, 195 perishable, 94 outsourcing, 1, 12–14, 45–49, 52, 55–56, 65–66 quality, of 4 routine, 60 impact of the Internet, 45 seasonal, 143 strategic, 49 short life cycle, 94, 143 overbooking, 315, 325, 328–29 overnight delivery system, 115 managing, 94 overstocking, 319, 326–29 standard, 60 strategic, 60–61 P value-density of, 106–08, 111–12, 117, 125–26 packaging, 59 product architecture route, 48, 65 Patel, Jagdish, 373, 375–76 product availability, 34 PDA, see personal digital assistants product characteristics, 28, 32, 42 performance measures, 25, 30, 35–37, 41, 107, 109–10, 113 product design, 56, 58, 61, 254, 256–57 product flow, 9 differences in, 32, 35–36 personal digital assistants, 198

Subject Index | 477 | product innovation, 48 saving matrix, 119, 121–22 product life cycle, 11–12, 22, 221, 293–94 SBU, 171 SCEM, see supply chain event management shorter, 11–12, 22 scheduling, 169, 199–200, 206 product lines, 11–12, 22 SCOR, see supply chain operations reference seasonality, 173, 182–86, 293–302 proliferation, 11 self-help groups, 18 product-mix uncertainty, 32 service, 69, 71–73, 78, 82, 84–88, 91–93 product redesign, 294, 310 service-level agreements, 47, 53 product variety, 3, 6–7, 11–12, 28, 32, 34 service-oriented architecture, 209–10 service trade-off, 26 explosion in, 30 production, 5–7, 10, 12, 16, 30–31, 51–52, 58 cost and, 26 SHGs, see Self-help groups average cost, 52 shipment, 104–11, 113–19, 124–26, 294, 399 planning and control, 10 shipping, 103, 114–17, 124–25 scheduling, 200 shortage gaming, 234–36 productivity, 5 simple object access protocol, 198, 210 profit, 294, 299, 303, 311–14 Singhal, Arvind, 131 profitability, 4, 27, 35, 39, 302–03 SKU, see stock-keeping unit promotions, 227, 231–32, 234–36, 238, 245 SOAP, see simple object access protocol purchase order, 76 SOA, see service-oriented architecture purchase portfolio matrix, 45, 60, 64–66 soft goods industry, 294 purchasing expenditure, 60 sourcing, 45, 59–67, 69, 78, 103, 308 purchasing portfolio analysis, 59 purchasing value, 59 multi-location, 308 offshore 69, 103 R Radio frequency identification, 170, 198, 206–10, 293, 306 factors to reduce, 88 rapid response capability, 294 sourcing strategy, 45, 59, 60, 63, 65 raw material, 4–5, 13, 25, 31, 37, 46, 65 four quadrants of, 60 safety stock of, 14 fundamentals of, 63 RDC, see regional distribution centres impact of Internet on, 63 regional distribution centres, 255 SPs, see sales points relationship management, 10 special economic zones, 139 reliability, 28, 33–35, 37, 42 speculative supply chain, 291 request for quotation, 64 SRM, see supplier relationship management resources, 69, 72, 78, 92–93, 96 stock, 74–75, 91–95, 103, 106–07, 110–11, 116 responsiveness, 25, 28, 31, 42 cycle, 78–82, 89, 106–07, 109, 113–14, 116–17 responsive supply chain, 291–92, 296–97, 300, 303, 311 dead, 73, 75 decoupling, 74, 268 benefit of, 303–04 in-transit, 75 characteristics of, 264 pipeline, 73, 75, 77, 93–94, 106 retail chain outlets, 4–5, 9, 22, 71, 131 safety, 71, 73–74, 81–89, 91–92, 98, 101 return on assets, 39, 42 return on investments, 47 impact of demand and supply characteristics revenue management, 221, 315–16, 319, 321–25, 327, 330 on, 88 impact of price, 321 inventory assets, 319, 330 impact of service level on, 83, 86 uncertain demand and, 296, 325, 332 inventory model, 86 revenue optimization, 324–25 managing, 81 reverse auction, 63 seasonal, 74, 89 reverse supply chain management, 9 managing, 89 RFC, 306 speculation, 75 RFID, see radio frequency identification stock-keeping unit, 11, 13, 19, 71–72, 91, 96 risk, 71, 75, 77, 91–92, 271, 275 stock-out cost, 34 risk mitigation, 33 stock-outs, 31, 299 ROA, see return on assets storage, 9, 45 strategic partners, 58, 65 S strategic supply decision, 45 sales and service, 46 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, 203 sales points, 255 submarket, 319, 326 SAP, 413, 415, 422–31 supplier, 4–7, 12, 46, 49–55, 57–65, 71,73

| 478 | Subject Index inefficiency, 225 second revolution, 6 uncertainty, 233 third revolution, 7 supplier relationship management, 195, 201 five major trends, 11 supply, 45–46, 48, 50, 52–55, 58–62, 64–66 globalization, 12, 15, 22 reconfiguration, 60–61 higher level of outsourcing, 12 sources of, 61 proliferation in product lines, 11 uncertainties of, 74 shift in power structure, 12 uncertainty in, 291, 298, 310 shorter product life cycles, 12, 22 supply chain activities, 10–11, 21, 46, 50 functions of, 31 supply chain architecture, 250, 263, 269, 423 impact on business performance, 4 supply chain benchmarking, 35–37 importance of, 11, 17 supply chain capabilities, 4, 12, 19, 26, 35 inefficiencies in, 223–26, 246 supply chain challenges, 1, 4, 13, 18, 71, 351, 417 inefficiency ratio, 37–38 supply chain collaboration and coordination, 195, 197, 206 internal integration of activities, 9 supply chain configuration, 145, 292, 310 length of, 37–38 supply chain cost, 11, 13, 25–26, 35 material flow in, 69 Supply-Chain Council, 35 network design decisions, 131–32, 141 supply chain culture, 11 partnership and trust in, 240 supply chain decisions, 26, 28, 132, 141 performance of, 4–5, 15–16 business strategy and, 26, 42 push–pull boundary of, 31 elements of, 132 responsiveness of, 69 supply chain design and operations, 26, 28, 33, 96, 292, 310 RFID in, 293 supply chain dimension, 4 tactical and operational levels of, 199 supply chain disruption, 33, 221, 291–92, 305–07, 310 technologies utilized for, 197–98, 200–02 consequences of, 291, 307 transportation-related decisions, 103–04, 106, 126 handling of, 292, 307, 310 types of, 29 impact on business, 305 use of IT in, 8 risks of, 291 ways of, 8, 19 sources of, 291, 297, 305 supply chain management capabilities, 48 supply chain environment, 73 supply chain mapping, 250 supply chain event management, 198, 209 supply chain measurement and reporting, 201 supply chain function, 3, 250, 269 IT in, 191–92, 194–95, 198–99, 201–02, 219 marketing and, 250 supply chain metrics, 201 supply chain initiative, 25, 39, 42, 379, 429 supply chain network, 5, 131, 146 impact on business performance, 25, 39 types of costs for, 132 supply chain innovation, 26–27, 42, 69, 221, 294 supply chain operations, 27, 42, 131, 138, 351 supply chain integration, 33, 41–42, 96, 223–24, 237, 239 optimization of, 132, 137 supply chain irregularities, 292 supply chain operations reference, 35 supply chain issues, 50, 335 supply chain optimization, 69, 250, 253, 269 supply chain management, supply chain performance, 1, 4, 10, 13, 15, 22, 25–26, 35 agent-based, 209 enhanced inter-firm coordination, 14 capital productivity, 37–38 entry of third-party logistics providers, 14 challenges in, 4, 13, 18, 33 impact on business performance, 35 characteristics of, 32 improvement in communication complexity of, 35 concepts in, 1, 4, 8–9, 17 and IT, 13 conflicts in, 237 measures, 107, 109–10, 113 consumer durables business, 5 consumer non-durables business, 5 demand uncertainty, 111 decisions in, 1, 3, 10, 16–17 speed of delivery, 110 total cost approach, 110 capacity and location, 10 measures for, 25, 30, 35–37, 41 network design, 10 categories of, 26, 31, 34–35 operations decisions, 10 types of, 25, 29 strategic, 1, 8, 14 supply chain problems, 4, 22, 311 definition of, 4 supply chain process, 27, 40, 221, 250–52, 261 enablers of, 13 dimensions of, 250 evolution of, 4–7, 14 executions of, 27 efficiency, 37 restructuring, 252–54 first revolution, 6 supply chain production, 133 supply chain redesign, 91

Subject Index | 479 | impact on inventory, 91 pipeline, 107–11 centralization versus decentralization, 91–92 railways, 105, 108, 112 road, 107–10 supply chain relationships, 240–41 water, 107–09 benefits of, 217, 241–42 multimodal, 109 classification of, 224, 243 value addition in, 251 design relationship, 242 transportation cost matrix, 134 effect of interdependence on, 242 transportation planning, 200 transportation strategy, 103–04, 113–14, 117–19, 128 supply chain responsiveness, 31 cost, 103–07, 110–16, 125–27 supply chain restructuring, 41–42, 221, 249–50, 253–54, 269, cross-docking, 117–19 concept of, 118–19 293–94 direct shipping, 113–17 dimensions of, 252 distribution network design options, 113–14 supply chain strategy, 25–26, 42 comparison, 114 supply chain structure, 14, 17–18, 27, 32, 41, 267 drivers of, 103–04, 109 supply chain transaction execution, 194 hub-and-spoke model, 114–15 supply chain vulnerabilities, 33, 292 transport execution systems, 195 supply chain working capital productivity, 37–38 supply markets, 59–61 U demand–supply conditions in, 60 uncertainty, 31–34, 59, 74, 81–85, 88–89, 92, 97 supply risk, 50, 59–61, 66 supply uncertainty, 33–34, 59, 74, 81, 88, 292, 310–11 measure of, 82 management of, 33 supplier behaviour, 233 reduction in, 88 understocking, 301, 319, 326–29 supply web, 5 United States of America (USA), 12–13, 59, 61, 103, 125–26, sustainability, 47 SWOT, see strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats 154 interventions in Iraq, 59 T logistics costs, 13 Taiwan, 12, 45, 51 purchases account, 61 tapered integration, 57–58, 65 World Trade Center, 308 tariff rates, 256 universal description, discover and integration, 198, 210 tax, unpredictability, 25, 32, 82 unreliability, 17, 81, 88 central sales tax, 16 goods tax, 17 V restructuring of, 139 value-added services, 14 service tax, 17 value appropriation, 238, 240 technology development, 46 value chain, 9, 12, 46 telecommunications services, 47 value creation, 239–40 Thapar, Gautam, 380 value-density, 106–08, 111–12, 117, 125–26 theory of constraints, 227 value offering, 26 third-party logistics, 14, 21 variability, 30, 33, 228–29, 233–34, 245, 247 trade marketing, 12 VED classification, 96 trade-off, 25–26, 34–36, 42, 106, 124, 301 vehicle scheduling, 119, 124 inventory costs, 34 nature of, 26, 42 saving algorithm, 119 transportation inventory, 106 static-versus-dynamic, 123 transportation, 8, 10, 15, 17, 19, 31, 41, 45, 48 vendor-managed inventory, 196, 221, 223, 243–45, 247, 415 choice of, 93, 103–04, 111, 113, 123 Venkatesan, Ravi, 50 cost structures in, 104 vertical integration, 46, 57–59 door delivery, 124 VICS, see voluntary interservice commerce solutions economies of scale in, 103–05, 107, 126 virtual corporations, 46, 50, 65 impact of product and demand characteristics on, 69 VMI, see vendor-managed inventory losses and damages, 109–10 voluntary interservice commerce solutions, 245 modes of, 69, 75, 88, 105–12, 119 V-SATs, 71 air, 105–11 W air freight, 105–06 warehousing, 15, 17, 48, 51–52, 117, 126, 131–32, 201 choice of, 103 wastage, 223–24 comparison, 109, 111 courier, 105–06, 119 optimal, 103, 111

| 480 | Subject Index Web Services Description Language, 210 Worldwide Web, 13, 197–98 Web sites, 37, 125–26 WSDL, see web services description language whiplash effect, 234 wholesale, 223 X wholesaler, 5, 20 XML, see extensible markup language WIP, 72, 224–25, 241 working capital, 37–39, 69, 76 Z Zero inventory, 72, 99