الوجيز 2

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻼب ﻗﺴــــــﻢ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌــــــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺑﻜﺪﻠﻴﺧﺔ اﻟﻞﺤﺮﻟم اﻌﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻲماﻟاﺸﻟﺮﻳﻘﻒﺮآن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻟاﻟﻄﻮﻼﺟﻴبﺰﻛﻠﻓﻴﺔﻲاﻟﻋﺤﻠﺮﻮم اﻟمﻤاﻟﻜــﻜﺘﻲﺎ اﻟب اﺸﻟﺮﻳـﻌــﺰﻳﻒﺰ‬ ‫)اﻟﻤﻟﻔﺴﻀﺘﻴﻠﻮﺔ اىﻟﺪاﻟﻛﺜﺘﺎﻮﻧرﻲ(‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ إﺳﻋﻠﺪﻴادﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ‬ ‫اااﻟﻟﻟﻔﻔﺤﺮﺮﺮﻳﻳمﻖﻖاﻟااﻟﻟﻤإﻌﻌﻋﻜﻠﻠﺪﻤﻤاﻲداﻲﻲﻟ ﺑﺑﺸﻜﻜﺮﻠﻠﻳﻴﻴـــــﺔﺔﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮم اﻟﻤﻜﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳـﻒ‬





‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ اﻟﺬي أﻧﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪه اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺬﻳﺮا‪ ،‬وﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺮم ﺧﻠﻘﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﺮا‪ ..‬أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻫﺪاف ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮم اﻟﻤﻜﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟﺪراﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻘﺮرة ﻓﻲ أﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﺧﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪،‬وﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻌﻪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺪي اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺪ ﻟﻴﻘﺮﺑﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ‪ ،‬و ﻳﻴﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺴﺮ وﻳﺬﻟﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻌﺐ وﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﺎذن اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ وﻗﻊ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ -‬وﻓﻖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺪروﺳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫دراﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻼب ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮم اﻟﻤﻜﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ )اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺪ ﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﺆﻟﺆ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺈذن اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺤﺎط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻖ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ وﻳﺮﺻﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎج اﻹﺗﻘﺎن ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺘﺨﺮج اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻌﻮن اﻟﻠﻪ وﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻰ ﺑﺰﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﻠﻜﺔ راﺳﺨﺔ و ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ و ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‪،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺮر اﻵﻧﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺘﺼﺮف ﻓﻲ أﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﻘﺺ أو زﻳﺎدة‪ ،‬و إﻧﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺈﺑﺮاز رؤوس اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺸﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ و وﺿﻊ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ داﺋﺮة اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻛﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﻮد اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺻﻠﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺪؤوﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻹدارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺄﻟﻮ ﺟﻬﺪا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﺬل ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ وﻳﺮﺗﻘﻲ ﺑﻄﻼﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻜﻠﻴــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮم اﻟﻤﻜﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳـﻒ‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺄة ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺪوﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن وأﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ‪4‬‬ ‫وﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫آداب ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآن وآداب ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ‪106‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫أﻫﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن ‪68‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻲ ‪178‬‬ ‫أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻒ ‪144‬‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ وﺻﻴﻎ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻨﺰول ‪230‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺄﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻨﺰول ‪204‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻪ واﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ‪294‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت)‪(1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻜﻲ واﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ وﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ‪266‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰوﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺣﺮف ‪ ،‬واﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪40‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻤﺎ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻪ واﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﺮآن ‪106‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰوﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺣﺮف ‪ ،‬واﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪68‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ)‪(2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن وأﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ وﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪(1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪(4‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫وأﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن )‪(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﺒﺎرة »ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن« ﻣﻦ ﻟﻔﻈﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫وﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻧﻌﺮف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﻧﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻔﺮاد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ واﻹدراك واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ واﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻦ اﻟﻤﺪون‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺠﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺿﺒﻄ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ اﻷرض‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻔﻈﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪون‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺠﻬﺔ واﺣﺪة‬ ‫واﻹدراك واﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ واﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻄ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴ ًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻌﻢ اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ اﻷرض‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺎت‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮح اﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫س‪ : 1‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب؟‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫س‪ : 2‬ﻋ ّﺮف اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﺻﻄﻼﺣ ًﺎ؟‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻴﺎرات‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫اﻹدراك‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ،‬اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻦ اﻟﻤﺪون‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة ﺿﺒﻄ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴ ًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر ﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻘﺮر ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬