Mitosis Flipbook

Mitosis Flipbook By: Navya Kapoor IX-C

What is mitosis? Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. In the various stages of mitosis, the cell’s chromosomes are copied and then distributed equally between the two new nuclei of the daughter cells.

Stages of Mitosis The four stages of Mitosis are Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase The acronym “PMAT” can help you remember the different stages.

P is for prophase P is for prophase Prophase is the first stage of mitosis. The cell’s nucleus remains, but the nucleolus disappears. The nucleolus is the envelope that holds the genetic material inside the nucleus. Centrioles and microtubules make up the centrosomes. They move to opposite ends of the cell. Each end is called a pole. The microtubules begin to form the mitotic spindle. It attaches to the centrioles. The P in prophase can help you remember that the centrioles are now located at the cell’s poles.

M is for metaphase When metaphase begins, the membrane of the nucleus dissolves. The mitotic spindle becomes fully formed and attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The M in metaphase can help you remember that by the end of this phase, the spindles pull the chromosomes to the middle of the cell. This area is called the metaphase plate.

A is for anaphase During anaphase, the mitotic spindle contracts. The two halves of the chromosomes—called chromatids—get pulled away from each other. This creates daughter chromosomes. The A in anaphase can help you remember that during this phase, the microtubules pull the daughter chromosomes away from each other and toward the poles. As a result, the cell gets begins to lengthen. Cytokinesis also begins during anaphase. The cytoplasm starts to split apart as two new cells form.

T is for Telophase During telophase, the daughter chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, one at each pole. The cell continues to elongate and begins to narrow at the centre. Both sets of chromosomes begin to relax and open up. The T in telophase can help you remember that at the end of this stage, there will be two new sets of genetic material.

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