2 Safina tul Mujummah Al Bahrain, Jehangiri, India.

51 Hazrat Makhdum Kubra Syed Ashraf Jehangir‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬until the Latter Hazrat’s Passing Away. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬is often mentioned in the Book, Lataif e Ashrafi, however, the scribe has wrongly mentioned him as Hazrat Najmuddin Ishfahani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬. After Hazrat Makhdum Kubra Syed Ashraf Jehangir‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Left this World, Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬was Appointed to the Stations of ‘Ghaus’ and ‘Qutb ul Aqtab’ in place of Hazrat Makhdum Kubra Syed Ashraf Jehangir‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬received Initiation into the Taifuriya, Chishtiya, Qalandariya Silsillas from his Pir, Hazrat Shah Khizr Rumi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Najmuddin Qalandar‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬says that once, during his many Long Journeys, he boarded a ship, loaded with Grain. During the course of their sailing, they came to a desolate place where the ship stopped, no matter what they tried to do, the ship would not move. When a few days passed, the people got extremely anxious and started to bewail their fate. One wise Person suggested that they count the number of their Fellow Travelers. When the count was done, they found one person extra, they identified him and asked him how he had come on board? He replied that indeed it was him who had stopped the ship, the fact of the matter is that Our City has run out of Grain and they are desperate. If they would agree to sell him the Grain, he would let them proceed. The Grain Merchants readily agreed but asked how they would receive their money? The Enigmatic Stranger replied that if they throw the Bags of Grain overboard and one of the Merchants accompany him, he would provide payment. The Merchants agreed to the Proposal but none of them was willing to accompany him. Finally Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬volunteered to accompany the stranger. The Bags of Grain were thrown overboard and the Stranger caught hold of Hazrat Najmuddin’s‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬hand and followed the Bags. After a day, Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬reemerged from the water and lay exhausted on the deck of the ship. When he revived, he related the strange tale of his journey. He told his fellow travelers that they soon alighted upon a Wondrous City, filled with Pious Folk where the Religious Laws of Islam Prevailed. Hazrat Najmuddin went on to say that the Grain had arrived before them and the Stranger counted out the Merchant’s Due and handed it over to him. Suddenly he heard a great noise of Musical Instruments and Devotional Singing. He asked the Stranger, what the Music was about? The Stranger replied that one of their number had died and they were celebrating his Passing. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬expressed his surprise, upon which the Stranger asked him what do your People do when one of you Passes Away? Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬replied that they weep and bewail their loss. The Stranger was most upset and declared that they were not worthy of giving their Grain to them and took back the Money. He went on to say that You People are not Honest, do you not know that Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬Holds Blanket Authority over them. He has given us life and is Fully Empowered to Take it Back! Hazrat Najmuddin asked the Stranger as to who they were and what was the Name of this City? The Stranger Replied that the too were People of Allah‫ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ and that their City was a Combination of All The Cities of which Even The Special of The Elite of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬knew Nothing About. We have, here too, a ‘Langar’ (Free Food Point) of Hazrat Abu Ishaq Gazruni‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬wherein only the Grain of Righteous People have Sown. Now Go and your Grain will also be returned to you. He told Hazrat Najmuddin ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬to close his eyes and when he opened them, he found himself back on the Ship. In a short while the Bags of Grain started coming in. One Day, Hazrat Najmuddin‫رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬, accompanied with some Followers, arrived at a City where they stayed for some days. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬told his Friends that There was a Spiritual Exercise that seems like the Person Performing the exercise is

52 dead when that is not so. He started the exercise and sure enough it seemed like he had Passed away. After a Few Days, Some People were convinced of this and started Preparations to Bury him. The Followers resisted and a Few Days later Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬came to Life, exclaiming ‘Ya Ghafoor’, Ya Ghafoor’ (One of The Attributes of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬, The Ever Forgiving, after attending to needed Physical Functions He Performed The Obligatory Ablution and Offered Two Cycles of Prayers. When the Public at Large came to Know of this Feat, they Joined the Ranks of His Devotees in Droves. Hazrat Najmuddin Qalandar‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬states that once he was traveling by boat in a certain area. All at once a Large Mountain was discerned, arising from the Sea, and a strong current was pulling the ship towards it. His fellow travelers fell into lamenting and crying in fear. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬asked the Ship’s Steersman as what the whole matter was about? He replied that if we strike the Mountain we will sink and all of us will perish. Hazrat Najmuddin asked him if there was any way of getting out of this predicament? The Steersman replied that there was as the Great Conqueror, ‘Sikandar e Azam’ (Alexander – Azam) has a Large Iron Pillar erected in the Sea, if a person were to go to this Pillar and shake it, the ship will escape the current and sail to safety. However, the person who goes there will fall into the Sea. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬volunteered to go to the Pillar. Accordingly he went there and fell into the Sea while the Ship sailed away. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬goes on to narrate that somehow he reached the shore to see a large Fort with many beautiful Buildings, but entirely deserted. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬went there and saw the sights, some Water Carriers came and started sprinkling water and freshening up the place. Shortly, a large Group of Horse Riders, with illuminated Visages, approached and sat down as if to a Feast. While they all settled down a single Personage approached on Foot. He was received with great dignity and seated him in the Place of Honor. They were all served with Food but some was left over, they declared that some one has been missed, after searching, they discovered me and took me to be seated amongst them. After partaking of the Food, they took leave of the Chief Guest and departed, leaving him alone with me. I approached and asked him as to who they all were and why was he the only riderless Guest and yet placed in the Seat of Honor. He replied that they were all ‘Shuhada’ (Martyrs) in The Path of Allah‫ ُس@ ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى‬, and Gather every Year to commemorate their Companionship, as to why he was riderless, he explained that his hose had not died with him and this left him without a Mount even though he was the ‘Sardar’ (Leader/ Chief) of them all. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬asked him if there was any way that he could obtain a Horse? He replied that if Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬were to go to Garh Mandu, in the Territory of Malva, there is the Settlement called Naalcha, my house is there. If you were to find my relatives and tell them that there is an amount of Four Hundred Rupees buried there. If they were to dig it up, purchase a horse with the Money and give it away in the Path of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬, he would be provided with a Horse. Hazrat Najmuddin‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬asked him how he would come to know whether the horse had been received by him? The individual replied that they all congregate once a year, at a Certain Date, at a Holy Place near the Lake of Chand Laad, he could see him there. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬acted accordingly and went to the place mentioned, on the day appointed. He saw the entire Congregation and met their Leader who was splendidly mounted. The ‘Sardar’ thanked Hazrat Najamuddin‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬and asked him if there was anything he wanted? Hazrat Najmuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬asked him for Permission to settle in that Place, the ‘Sardar’ said that no one is allowed to live here but you may. Hazrat Najmuddin Qalandar‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ settled down at the Large Pool called “‫( ”تالاب باندی‬Pool of The Slave Girl) at Chand Laad, which

53 was a very scenic location, West of The Palace of Sultan Ghori, five miles from the Royal Fort at Garh Mandu at Naalcha Sharif Town attached to Ghati Nowshera in District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh Province. While he was there, he Blessed Countless Hindus with the Treasure of Faith in Islam and provided many Muslims with Exalted Stations and Degrees of Faith.71 Chand Laad, West of The Palace of Sultan Ghori, 5 miles from the Royal Fort at Garh Mandu at a place near Naalcha Sharif Town attached to Ghati Nowshera in District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh Province. Hazrat Sahib ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬was Blessed with the Station of Ghausiat (Ghaus: Defender, one who aids, delivers from difficulty, removes trouble or affliction). He stated that any act or vision that was not in accord with the 'Shariat' (Islamic Law, Bounds of Activities) or 'Sunnah' (Practice of the Holy Prophet‫ )صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬is useless and not allowed. He also stated that a Qalandar was a very perspicacious and precocious type of 'Faqir' (Holy Mendicant). Hazrat Ghaus‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬remained without outward appearance of the Sunnah (Beardless) for most of his life, however, 15 years before his 'Wisaal' (Attainment To Allahُ‫ُس ْب َحانَه‬ ‫ ) َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬he was completely outwardly transformed in accord with the Shariat and Sunnah and Married to settle down. Some people have taken liberties with the Ways of the Qalandars to introduce many evil practices, in order to hide their own short comings. They are far from the meaning of Faqr and the Mystic States of Elated Spiritual Stations that accompany the true Qalandars. It is stated that Hazrat Abdul Aziz Alam Bardaar Makki‫رضي الله ﺗﻌﺎﻟ ٰﯽ عنه‬, the founder of the Qalandari Order, attained to a great age and consequently lost all his hair including from the face. To prescribe this to Qalandar Practice is false and ignorance. Even Hazrat Shah Khizr Rumi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬adopted correct practice and appearance about 6 months or a year before he passed away. Further more it has been clearly stated by the illustrious forebears of the Sillsila 'Mujammah Al Bahrain' (Confluence of Rivers): 71 Hazrat Arif Billah Shah Himayat Allah Qalandar‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬, Sajjada Nasheen Darbar Hazrat Shah Meena Luckhnavi‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬, and Khalifa of Hazrat Qazi Mohammad Mahonoui‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬quoted in Anwaar ul Auliya, Maulvi Haseebullah Mukhtar‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, pgs. 53-54 (71-72).

54 ‫کہ حضرت نجم الدین غو ِث الدہر قلندر رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه ہیچ کسے از پیراں ایں سلسلہ حلق نہ نمودہ و ایں طریق‬ ‫موقوف شد۔‬ “No Sheikh of this Sillsila has adopted the outward practice of the Qalandars and after him this method has been expunged from the Sillsila.”72 The heady states of the Qalandars has been entirely internalized and brought into the fold of Orthodox Islam. ‘Wisaal’: It is related that he Passed away in 1434 CE, in Malva at the Great Age of 200 years (Lunar Years/ 194 Gregorian Years) during the Reign of Sultan Hoshang Ghauri the son of Dilawar Khan, the Governor of Malva. He remained ill for Seventeen Days, One Day, a Murid said that they wished that Hazrat should remain alive forever. Hazrat Najmuddin‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬replied, “How is this Possible, all the time a Call is coming from The Friend and My Living and My Death are one and the same, as I remained engaged in His Worship during My Life, so I will remain engaged after Death.” At the time of his Death, he opened his eyes and said, “Syed ul Auliya, Hazrat Syed Khizr Rumi Qalandar‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬has sent a Shawl from Paradise, embroidered with Flowers that is incomparable with anything in this World and has said that I should be wrapped in it and brought before him.” At the final moment of his Blessed Life, he slapped his hand against his side repeating, “Haq, Haq” and Passed away to Eternity. His Date of Death was versified by Hazrat Maulana Abdul Qadir Qalandar Basti Jaunpuri‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ as follows: ‫والنجم اذاھ ٰوے چو خواندم زامام۔ آغاز ندارد ایں کلام وانجام۔‬ ‫ازبہر امام نجم دین غوص الدّہر۔ تاریخ وفات فہم کروند کرام۔‬ I Read The Deeds Of The Imam Najm. I Know Not The Beginning Nor The End of These Verses, For The Ocean That is The “Imam’ Najmuddin, Ghaus e Dhar. Discern The Date His Passing Away. Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬is Buried on the Bank of the Water Pools Of ‘Bibi Bandhi” (The Slave Girl) at Chand Laad, towards the West. It is Written in The Azkar e Abrar that Sultan Ghiyasuddin Khilji had the ‘Mazar’ and Dome Constructed, a few Years after Hazrat Najmuddin’s‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Passing Away. The Route is that Mahuv is connected by Rail to the Rest of India. From Mahuv a road leads to to Dhar, the distance is 36 Miles and from Dhar to Naalcha, the distance is 15 Miles. At the Fifteenth Milestone, one side Leads to Chand Lat and The Water Pools of Bibi Bandhi are on the other side. The Old Palace of Sultan Ghauri lies towards the Front.73 Sayings: 1. If a Murid comes into his room alone and sees Light in the Dark, then He will see Light in The Grave. If He sees Darkness in his Lighted Room, then His Grave will be Dark. 2. ‘Sulook’ (The Sufi Path) means Self Recognition. 72 Asool ul Maqsood, quoted in Azqar ul Abrar, Maulvi Shah Mohammad Taqi Hyder, pg. 35 (53). 73 Gulshan e Qalandariya by Makhdumzada Maulana Shah Zaffar al Yakin.

55 3. If we Listen to The Recital of The Holy Qurʾān with Due Attention, The very Awe of The Recitation Bears Heavily Upon Us. As Long as We Keep Listening Our Self-hood Begins to Melt Away. 4. I Do not even Glance towards Whatever is Placed Before Me by The People from Reverence. 5. Even if you see The Angels, during Your Worship, You should not be distracted by The Sight and Not Feel any Pride in it What so ever. 6. Whoever Dies, Neither Comes From anywhere, Nor Goes anywhere, This is a Fine Point and requires Great Discernment to Understand. 7. The Devil does not exist outside of You, Every person’s Devil resides within them. One Day Hazrat Bayazid Bustami‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬saw his Lower Self in the shape of a Sly Fox, He began to Belabor it but it Grew Stronger with every Blow. He Heard a Voice Saying, The Self is one of the Strangest of Allah’s Creations. It’s Condition is that it Thrives upon The Opposite of Everything. If You Beat it, it will Grow Strong, If You Starve it, it will Grow Fat and if You Feed it, it will Grow Weak. 8. When a Murid is Unwary, Hypocrisy enters into his Heart and then The Lower Self Engulfs Him. 9. Faith is what has been Said By Hazrat Syedna Imam ush Shuhada, Hussain‫رضي الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عنه‬. 10. Tasawwuf is The Self Abnegation! ‫الامان استیناد نارالھویۃ فی قلب۔‬ True Faith Arises when The Fire of ‘Hoo-viat’ Burns in The Heart! One Day Hazrat Najmuddin‫ رحمة الله علي‬repeated The Verse of Hazrat Attar‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬. ‫کفر کافر را و دین دیندار را۔‬ ‫ذ ّر ِہ در ِد دل عطار را۔‬ Unbelief For The Non Believer, Belief For The Believers. A Single Portion of the Pain of Separation, Is Sufficient For Attar.

56 The Qutbi Sadaat: The advent of The Arab Muslims, and specially The Banu Quraysh into The Indo Pak Subcontinent brought The Light of Islam with emphasis upon Knowledge and Wisdom; Piety and Abstinence; Missionary Spirit; ‘Jihad e Akbar’ (Greater) and ‘Jihad e Sughra’ (Lesser Earnest Struggle, in The Path of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬, against The Passions and Desires ‘Akbar’; and Oppressors and Aggressors ‘Sughra’). Of all The Muslims, The Most Venerable Leading Lights were of The Bannu Hashim, The ‘Imams’; ‘Syeds’; Gnostic Sages. Their Tales of Sincere Struggle and Illuminated Egalitarianism were Exemplary. They Left Behind Them a Shining Legacy of Spiritual Leadership and Benevolent Guidance and are a Living Role Model of Excellent Conduct and ‘Adab’ (Chivalrous Conduct). Among Them, The Qutbiya Sadaat (Syeds descended from Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Syed Shah Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Previously Alawiya Hassniya Mahaziya, Were Renowned for their Primacy of Conduct. The following Nine Khalifas of The Sillsila e Aaliya Mujummah Al Bahrain were all Qutbi Sadaat: 1. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Qutbuddin, Bina e Dil, San Andaz, Ghausi, Jaunpuri‫دحمت اللہ‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 2. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Fazalullah Bihari, Al Muqallab ba Syed Go'saieen‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫علے‬. 3. Hazrat Mir Syed Mehmood Bihari al Qutbi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Mir Syed Fazalullah Bihari. 4. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Naseeruddin Bihari Al Qutbi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Mir Syed Mehmood Bihari Qutbi. 5. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Taqi ud Din Bihari Al Qutbi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Mir Syed Naseeruddin Bihari Al Qutbi. 6. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Nizam ud Din Bihari Al Qutbi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Mir Syed Taqi ud Din Bihari Al Qutbi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬.

57 7. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Ahalullah Bihari Al Qutbi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Syed Ashraf Al Muqallab Ba Pir Mohammad, bin Hazrat Mir Syed Naseeruddin Bihari Al Qutbi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 8. Hazrat Syedna Mir Syed Diwan Mohammad Ja'far Al Qutbi Binodpuri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ bin Hazrat Mir Syed Ahalullah Bihari Al Qutbi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 9. Hazrat Syed Khaliluddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Syed Ja'far Al Qutbi Binodpuri ‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. Introduction of Sadaat e Qutbiya‫رضوان الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬: Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Syed Shah Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was a Saint Par Excellence. He was born in Madina tun Nabi ‫ صلى الله َو َت َعا َل ٰىعليه و آله وسلم‬in 551 AH and belonged to the Bani Hashim, descended from Hazrat Imam Hassan Al Mujtaba‫ رضي الله عنه‬whom even Hazrat Imam Hussain‫ رضي الله عنه‬recognized as His Imam. His Ancestor, Hazrat Imam Hassan Al Muthanna‫رضي الله عنه‬, the son of Hazrat Imam Hassan‫ رضي الله عنه‬who looked like and had the Qualities of His Father, which is why he was Popularly Known as ‘Al Muthanna’ Possessed all the Heirlooms of The Family of Bani Hashim and Hazrat Maula Ali ‫كرم الله ووجهو‬. Like his Father, He too was Poisoned, His Mazaar is in Jannat tul Baqi Sharif.

58 One of His Forefathers, Hazrat Abdullah Al Mahaz‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬known as Shaikh e Bani Hashim was called ‘Mahaz’ because He was of Pure Fatimi Sadaat and was The Leading Figure and Sardar of His Time. Hazrat Abdullah Al Mahaz attained Shahadat while in Captivity in Iraq.

59 Tomb of Hazrat Abdullah Al Mahaz ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Imam Hassan Al Muthanna‫رضي الله عنه‬, bin Hazrat Imam Hassan‫رضي الله عنه‬ Another Ancestor, Hazrat Imam Muhammad An Nafs Al Zakiyya al Mahdi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ علے‬was also Sardar and The Founder of The Alvi Movement. He raised The Banner of Revolt against the Abbasi Khalifa Jafar Al Mansur. The Citizens of Madina and Mecca took the Oath of Fealty on His Hands. Hazrat Imam Abu Hanifa‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬issued a ‘Fatwa’ (Religious Ordnance), in his favor, in response of which He was Poisoned and Passed Away while in Captivity. Hazrat Imam Malik‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬also Issued a ‘Fatwa’ in His Favor. He attained Martyrdom at Ahjar az Zait near Madina Munawara. His Mazaar is in Jannat tul Baqi. Hazrat Muhammad‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ibn ʿAbd Allāh‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ibn al Ḥassan al Muthanna‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ibn al Hazrat Ḥassan al Mujtaba‫ رضي الله عنه‬ibn Hazrat Ali ibn Abi  Talib 74‫ كرم الله ووجهو‬or Hazrat Muhammad al Nafs az Zakiyya ‫( كرم الله ووجهو‬Arabic:) ‫محمد بن عبد‬ ‫( الله بن الحس@@ن بن الحس@@ن بن علي الملقَّب النفس الزكية‬The Pure Soul), was a descendant of the Holy Prophet Muhammad‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى علي@ه و آل@ه وس@لم‬, through his daughter Hazrat Bibi Fatima tuz Zahra‫رض@ي الله ﺗﻌﺎﻟ ٰﯽعنها‬. Known for his Commanding Oratory Skills, Amiable Demeanor, and Impressive Build, he led the Alid Revolt (762–763) in Medina, a failed Rebellion, against the Second Abbasid Khalifa, Al Mansur. He and a few Hundred Soldiers faced against a large Abbasid Force under Isa ibn Musa, and he was Martyred on 145 AH (December 6, 762 CE). Hazrat Muhammad‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was an Inspirational Figure to many throughout the Khalifate. For years he disguised himself and traveled stealthily, since his professed relationship to the Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬, meant that he posed a threat to the Established Political Order. He was eventually able to Amass a Sizable but Irregular Army and seize the City of Medina. He then left Medina in the year 145 AH and took over Mecca and Yemen (only to be Martyred in Medina a few months later).75 He was named Nafs e Zakiyya because he was very Pious and Devout,76 and another reason for his nickname is that he would be Martyred without any sin and crime.77 74 \"Imam Reza (A.S.) Network\". www.imamreza.net. 75 Firaq al-Shi’ah (The Shi'ah Groups), by Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin Musa al-Nubakhti, pg.62, and Al- Maqalat wa al-Firaq, by Sa'ad Ibn Abdillah al-Ash'ari al-Qummi (d. 301), pg.76 76 Al-Ayyashi. Tafsir Ayyashi. 1. p. 64. 77 Musavi al-Isfahani, Muhammad Taqi. Mikyalul Makarim fee Fawaaid al-Duaa lil Qa'im. p. v2.

60 Hazrat Sarkar Abdullah Shah Ghazi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was an Illustrious Descendant of The Imams and was the First Wali Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬to enter Sindh, Pakistan and Blessed The Land with Prayers of Felicity and Abundance. Hazrat Abdullah Shah Ashtar, Kabuli, Ghazi‫رحمة‬ ‫( الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Hazrat Abdullah Shah Ghazi)‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, like many of His Forefathers attained ‘Shahadat’ (Martyrdom). His Mazar Mubariq is in Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan on The Sea Shore. His son, Hazrat Sarkar Muhammad Al Aṣḡhar Saani‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬also Known as Hazrat Muhammad al Kabuli‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى علے‬, left Sindh for Madina Munawara after The Martyrdom of His Father. The Abbasi Khalifa Jafar Al Mansur investigated his Antecedents and allowed Him to Settle in Madina Munawara, where he remained for the rest of His Blessed Life. He was Famed for his adherence to Worship and Refraining from Excess, His Mazar e Mubarak is in Jannat tul Baqi Sharif. Hazrat Hassan Al Jawwad‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬, Naqeeb e Ashraf e Kufa, was renowned for His Generosity and Hospitality. The Leadership of The Sadaat and Ashraaf of The Bani Hashim was Retained by Him and His Blessed Offspring till Hazrat Mir Qutbuddin Madni‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫علے‬. Hazrat Syedna Yusuf Al Madni‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬then occupied this Position of Authority. He Passed away in Kufa and His Mazar Mubariq is located there. His esteemed Father, Hazrat Sarkar Allama Mir Rasheed Al Din, Ahmad Al Madni‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬was Known for His Authority and Elevated Presence. He excelled in Knowledge of The Religion and many of the ‘Ulema’ and Religious Scholars of the time were his Murids and remained in his Presence. He left Madina Munawara for Baghdad during the Time of Hazrat Ghaus al Wara, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬who welcomed Hazrat Mir Syed Rasheed Al Deen Ahmad Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and asked him to stay at His ‘Astana’ (Residence). Moreover Hazrat Ghaus al Azam, Mehboob e Subhani, Qutb e Rabbani arranged His own Sister’s Marriage with him and Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Syed Shah Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Al Kadvi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬ was born to them. Hazrat Mir Syed Rasheed Al Deen Madni‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬Attained Shahadat during the Troubles of The Tartars and Lies Buried in the Mazar Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani‫دحمت اللہ‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. The ‘Tazkira tus Sadaat’ of Hazrat Sheikh Ahmad Akbarabadi Bahadur Shahi‫دحمت اللہ‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬States That Hazrat Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬was of Pure Fatimid Descent and Hazrat Rabbani Mir Syed Ali Hamdani‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى علے‬in his Book, ‘Umda tul Mutalib’ says that Twelve of The Sadaat of Pure Descent came to Hindustan and they are: 1. Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni al Kadvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Hazrat Mir Syed Imaduddin Baghdadi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 3. Hazrat Mir Syed Jallaluddin Kirmani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Sambhali ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 5. Hazrat Mir Syed Azizuddin Palaswi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 6. Hazrat Mir Syed Alauddin Jaweri ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Murid and Khalifa of Hazrat Mir Syed Qawamuddin Mahmud Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ibn Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 7. Hazrat Mir Syed Mubarak Ghaznavi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 8. Hazrat Mir Syed Salaar Chauhanvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 9. Hazrat Mir Syed Haidar Rudolvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 10. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Khaas Hauzi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.

61 11. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Ma’ah Bahraichi ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Murid and Khalifa of Hazrat Mir Syed Alauddin Jaweri ‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 12. Hazrat Mir Syed Talha Multani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Makhdoom Mir Ashraf Jahangir Simnani Kichauchvi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬writes in His ‘Maqtobaat’ that the Sadaat e Hazrat Bibi Khadija‫رضي الله ﺗﻌﺎﻟ ٰﯽعنها‬, Sadaat e Hassani belong to the most exalted Family and None are Comparable to Them. 1. Hazrat Mir Syed Qutb Al Deen Muhammad Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Hazrat Mir Syed Mehmood Al Mukhatib Ba Rasheed Al Deen Madni Shaheed ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 3. Hazrat Mir Syed Yusuf Jamal Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Hazrat Mir Syed Esa, Zinda Dil Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 5. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 6. Hazrat Mir Syed Abul Hassan Al Makni Babul Hassan ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 7. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Jafar ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 8. Hazrat Mir Syed Qasim Ghaznavi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 9. Hazrat Mir Syed Abi Muhammad Abdullah ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 10. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Jawwad, Naqeeb e Kufa ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 11. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Al Aṣḡhar Saani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 12. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Muhammad Abdullah Al Ashtar ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Renowned as Hazrat Abdullah Shah Ghazi Sarkar ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 13. Hazrat Syedna Imam Muhammad Zia un Nafs Az Zakiyya ‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 14. Hazrat Syedna Abdullah Al Mahaz Hassani Al Hussaini (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 15. Hazrat Syedna Hassan Al Muthanna (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 16. Hazrat Syedna Maula Imam Hassan Al Mujtaba‫رضي الله عنه‬. 17. Hazrat Syedna Maula e Qainaat Imam ul Aalameen Ali Al Murtaza ‫ كرم الله ووجهو‬Zauj Shahzadi e Aalameen Syeda Taiyyaba Tahira Fatima tuz Zahra‫رضي الله ﺗﻌﺎﻟ ٰﯽعنها‬. Bint 18. Maula e Kul Qainaat Wajhe Takhleeq e Qainaat, Fakhr e Maujudaat, Nabi Allah ُ‫ُس ْب َحانَه‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬Huzoor Sarkar Hazrat Muhammad (‫)صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬. He is Maternally Descended from The Hassani Hussaini Sadaat as She was The Real Sister of Hazrat Ghaus ul Azam Syedna Abdul Qadir Jilani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Huzoor Ghaus e Azam Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was descended from Hazrat Syedna Musa Al Jaun ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ibn Hazrat Syedna Abdullah Al Mahaz ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, who was descended from the Forebear of Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬, Hazrat Sarkar Imam Muhammad Zia un Nafs e Zakiyya ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ibn Hazrat Abdullah Al Mahaz ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was His Real Brother. Therefore He was Maternally and Paternally descended from the ‘Mahazi’ Sadaat. Knowledge and Marifat: Hazrat Mir Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬learned Religious and Spiritual Knowledge, from an Early Age, from The Leading Authorities in These Fields, among them His Own Father, Hazrat Syedna Allama Rashiduddin Madni Ghaznavi ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Hazrat Sheikh Zia'uddin Shurwardi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Sheikh Al Arif, Abi Janab Najamuddin Kubra Firdausi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.

62 Spiritual Training and Khilafat: Hazrat Mir Qutbuddin Madni‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Initially Joined The Circle of Hazrat Sheikh Zia'uddin Shurwardi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬and Then he Took Ba’ait at Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra’s Hands and Obtained Khilafat and The ‘Khirqa’ e Firdausiya Suhrawardiya. Initial Sillsila Ba’ait and Khilafat. Hazrat Mir Qutbuddin Madni‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was Ba’ait and Khalifa of Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni‫ دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬who Obtained Felicity from His Father, Hazrat Mir Syed Ahmad Al Ghaznavi Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬in His Ancestral Sillsila e Aaliya Hassniya (This Sillsila arises Through Hazrat Imam Hassan‫ )رضي الله عنه‬known as The Amiriya Qutbia and was as Follows: Sillsila e Aaliya Hassniya, Amiriya Qutbia: 1. Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Madni Al Kadvi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Hazrat Mir Syed Rasheed Al Deen Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 3. Hazrat Mir Syed Yusuf Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Hazrat Mir Syed Esa Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 5. Hazrat Mir Syed Hussain Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 6. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Makni Babul Hassan (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 7. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Jafar (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 8. Hazrat Mir Syed Qasim (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 9. Hazrat Mir Syed Abi Muhammad Abdullah ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 10. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Jawwad Naqeeb e Kufa ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 11. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Al Aṣḡhar Saani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 12. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Muhammad Abdullah Al Ashtar Renowned as Hazrat Abdullah Shah Ghazi Sarkar ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 13. Hazrat Syedna Imam Muhammad Zia un Nafs az Zakiyya ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 14. Hazrat Syedna Abdullah Al Mahaz Hassani Al Hussaini ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 15. Hazrat Syedna Hassan Al Muthanna ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 16. Hazrat Syedna Maula Imam Hassan Al Mujtaba ‫رضي الله عنه‬. 17. Hazrat Imam Ali ‫كرم الله ووجهو‬. 18. Hazrat Muhammad ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬Rasool Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. Additional Sillsila Ba’ait and Khilafat, Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi‫( رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬Sillsila e Suhrawardiya Firdausiya, Kubrawiya): Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Took His Second Ba’ait on The Hands of Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Kubra‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Khilafat and The ‘Khirqa e Suhrawardiya Firdausiya Kubrawiya. This Sillsila Arose Through Hazrat Imam Hussain ‫رضي الله عنه‬. 1. Hazrat Sarkar Mir Syed Qutb Al Deen Muhammad Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 3. Hazrat Ruzbihan Bakli ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Hazrat Abu Najib Suhrawardi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 5. Hazrat Ahmad Ghazali ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 6. Hazrat Abu Bakr Nassaj ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 7. Hazrat Abul Qasim Gurgani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬

63 8. Hazrat Abu Ali Katib ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 9. Hazrat Ali Roodbari ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 10. Hazrat Abul Qasim Kashayri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 11. Hazrat Abu Ali Daqaq ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 12. Hazrat Abul Qasim Naseerabadi (Baghdad Sharif) ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 13. Hazrat Abu Bakr Shibli ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 14. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 15. Hazrat Sari Sakti ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 16. Hazrat Maroof Karkhi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 17. Hazrat Imam Ali Reżā‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 18. Hazrat Imam Musa al Kazim‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 19. Hazrat Imam Ja'far al Sadiq ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 20. Hazrat Imam Muhammad al Baqir‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 21. Hazrat Imam Zain al Abideen‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 22. Hazrat Imam Hussain‫رضي الله عنه‬. 23. Hazrat Imam Ali‫كرم الله ووجهو‬. 23. Hazrat Muhammad ‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬, Rasul Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. Hazrat Ruzbihan Bakli ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was born in 1128 CE to a Family of Daylamite Origin, in the Town of Fasa in Fars Province. Although Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ had Religious Visions at ages three, seven and fifteen, he claims that his Family was unfamiliar with any sort of Religion, At age fifteen, these Visions, also described as Dreams and Powerful Ecstasies in his own Text (The Unveiling of Secrets) caused him to abandon his Trade as a Grocer (The Name Baqli is Derived from ‘Baqqal’ (Grocer) and take Refuge in the Desert. He spent a year and a half in the Desert, all the while receiving Visions. After he left the Desert, he joined a Sufi ‘Halqa’ (Circle). In The Unveiling of Secrets, Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬says he had his first \"Unveiling\" in his training with the Sufi sect. He then returned to Fasa to seek a master and spiritual guide; there he met and became a disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Jamaluddin Abi al Wafa’ ibn Khalil al Fasa’‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. While there are no sources to confirm this, it is speculated that Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬spent the next years traveling. He went to Syria, Iraq, Kirman, Arabia, and made the ‘Hajj’ (Pilgrimage to Mecca Mo'azama) twice. He returned to Shiraz in 1165 CE and set up a ‘Khanqah’ (Hospice) where he taught for 50 years until his death. His center for Sufi training and his teachings remained popular several Generations after his death. He married several wives and had two Sons and three Daughters. Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Passed Away in 1209 CE in Shiraz and was placed in a Tomb in his ‘Ribat’. For several generations after his death, Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli’s ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ Legacy as a Sufi Master continued and Shiraz became a place of Pilgrimage. However, the popularity of his Order waned and eventually disappeared and his Tomb fell into disrepair. In 1972 CE, his Tomb was restored by the Iranian Department of Antiquities. Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬lives on through Hazrat Najmuddin Hazrat Al Kubra ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Shah Khizr Rumi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and flows through the Firdausiya and Qalandariya Sillsilas, Baqli’s writings continue to be of value to the larger Sufi Community. He is immortalized by his Hagiographies and his own Texts. The two most important Hagiographies written about him were written by Family Members almost a Century

64 after his Passing: The Gift to the People of Gnosis, in Memory of the Chief Axis of the World, Hazrat Ruzbihan‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬78; and The Spirit of the Gardens, on the Life of the Master Hazrat Ruzbihan‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬79. Some Groups in the Ottoman Regions, Central Asia, India, and Persia still study his Texts today. Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬wrote his Spiritual Experiences and his Poetry in a dense, Rhetorical Prose style. He composed mostly in Arabic and Persian. His Writings are unique because, while they do not include many dates or chronology, he talks about his personal Life and his Family, while not mentioning other outside events. Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was known for his fondness and defense of many early Sufis’ ‘Shathiyat’ (Ecstatic Sayings) and therefore was dubbed \"Doctor Ecstaticus.\" He completed his Book, Commentary on Ecstatic Sayings’ or ‘Sarah ash Shathiyyat’ in 1174 CE. He also wrote The Spirits’ Font in 1184 CE. The Unveiling of Secrets or Kashf al Asrar was completed in 1189 CE after taking eight years to Compose. It is both an Autobiography and a diary of visions and Sufi teachings. Many of his works emphasize the Sufi Theories of Love, and also defend early Sufi Saints ‫رضوان‬ ‫ الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬in their Ecstatic Utterances. The Sufi Saint Hazrat Hallaj‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ was a primary example in Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli’s‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Text. While direct literary references to Hazrat Ruzbihan Baqli‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬in later Sufism were not common, perhaps because of the difficulty of the texts, he was known for his love of beauty: fine fragrances, a beautiful face, and sweet voices. His Texts were studied, however, by Hazrat Jāmi of the Fifteenth Century and a Mughal Prince, Dara Shikoh, of the Seventeenth Century.80 Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, the Founder of the Kubrawiyah Order, was one of the Greatest of the Sheikhs of Turkestan, and was a Adept Authority on the Principles of Sufism. Influential in the Ilkhanid and Timurid. His method, exemplary of a \"Golden Age\" of Sufi Metaphysics, was related to the Illuminationism of Hazrat Shahabuddin Suhrawardi as well as to  Hazrat Rumi's ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Hazrat Shams Tabrizi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬. He was the Leader of the World, Sultan of Scholars and Mystics. His full name is Hazrat Abu’l Janab Ahmed b. Omar b. Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah al Khivaqi al Khwarizmi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬, who is better known as Hazrat Najmuddin Kubra ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. He was born in 540 AH, 1154 CE in the Ancient City of Khiva, Central Asia. He received excellent formal education in the Religious Sciences in his Youth. At that period most important for him was the study of Ahadīs (Prophetic Tradition). In the course of his life he studied Ahadīs with many different Authorities and finally Excelled in this Science. Sufi Sheikh Hazrat Ziauddin ‘Ammar Bitlisi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was Hazrat Kubra’s ‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Teacher, who tried to present Sufi thought in a new way to provide contemplation and influence for the reader.After receiving his ‘Khirqa’, Hazrat Kubra ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬gained a large following of Gnostics and Writers on Sufism. He was a Venerable Sheikh with Brilliant Evidences and Manifest Miracles. He had a huge amount of devout followers; many of them, later themselves became renowned Sufi Masters, which is why he is also called ‘Sheikh Wali Tarash’ (Manufacturer of Saints). 78 1300 CE. 79 1305 CE. 80 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzbihan_Baqli

65 Among his twelve Disciples were Hazrat Najmuddin Razi ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, Hazrat Saifuddin Bakhizri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Hazrat Majduddin Baghdādi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Hazrat Ali ibn Lala Ghaznavi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Baha'uddin Walad‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, Father of Hazrat Jallaluddin Rumi ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬. However, one of his most Well-Known and Influential Disciples though was Hazrat Sa'duddin Hamuya ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Kubra‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬informed Hazrat Hamuwayi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬to leave the city in which they resided with the impending Mongol invasion on the horizon. However, Hazrat Hamuwayi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬stayed with Hazrat Kubra‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and received his Ijaza from him, which shows his favorable reputation with the Sufi Master, as not only a student, but as a friend. Hazrat Hamuwayi‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬wrote over thirty Important Manuscripts and other Works concerning the Work of Hazrat Kubra‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, and the Influence of the Kubraviyah. His Khulfa. • Hazrat Shaikh Sa’aduddin Mohammad Hamuwayi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Raziuddin Ali ibn Laala Ghaznavi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Majduddin Ahmad Baghdadi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Abdullāh Razi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Saifuddin Abul Ma’ali Sa’ad Bakharzi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Bahāuddīn Walad ibn Hussain‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Baba Kamal Khanjari Jundi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Ain ul Zaman Jamaluddin Gili ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Mas’ududdin Hamawi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Overall, Hazrat Kubra‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬is remembered as a Pioneer of the Sufi Tradition and explanation of Spiritual Visionary Experiences. Hazrat Kubra’s ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Work spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia where it flourished for many years, until it gradually was taken over by other similar, more Popular Ideologies and Sufi leaders. In 1220 CE, The Mongols under Genghis Khan swarmed in from the East. They could not by-pass the Rich Cities as Khiva and Urgench. In 1221 CE, Genghis Khan, the Pagan Ruler conquered Urgench after a Strenuous Siege and gave it over to Plunder by the Victors. Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬fell on the Battlefield as ‘Shaheed’ (Martyr) as he gave his Life in Fighting for Islam in the Holy War. Another version of his Passing was Narrated in Tarikh e Soheili “The Master was Old and Half Blind but he refused the Grant of Mongols for his own Life only and asked the Invaders to leave, when the Mongols entered the City he was Standing in the Main Square, throwing Stones on Mongols. This happened in 618 AH, (1221 CE). The Sheikh left after himself a great Legacy consisting of his Writings. His Works. In addition to his Work, Centering around the Sufi Commentary of the Holy Qu'ran, Hazrat Kubra‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬wrote other Important Treatises including: • Fawaatih al Jamaal wa Fawaatih ul Jalaal. • Usool ul 'Ashra.h • Risaalat al Kha'if al Ha'im min Lawmaat al La'im • Fi Adab as Saalikeen • Taweelaat ul Najmiyah. • Adab as Sulook ila Hazrat Malik ul Mulook.

66 His Works Discuss the Analysis of Dreams and Visions, such as the “Significance of Dreams and Visions, the Degrees of Luminous Epiphany that are Manifested to the Mystic, the Different Classes of Concept and Image that Engage his Attention, and the Nature and Interrelations of Man's Subtle Centers.” The Interpretation and Understanding of Dreams was Important because The Holy Prophet Muhammad ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬had Received the Islamic Faith based on Revelations and Visions, so the Qu'ran was seen as a Visionary Text. The Kubraviya Order were Avid Practitioners of seeking the Meaning of Visions through Ritual Performances and Meditation. Hazrat Kubra, being the ‘Manufacturer of Saints’, led him to Analyze Popular Dream Episodes from Muslim Hagiographical Works, and his Disciples would Follow in his Analysis of these well known and Important Works. Hazrat Najm ad-Din Kubra’s‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Martyrdom Scene Miniature. The Mausoleum of Hazrat Najm ad-Din Kubra‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Kunya-Urgench (Orgenc), Turkmenistan. 13th Century. The Hazrat Najmuddin Kubra‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Mausoleum is located in the Center of Kunya Urgench, just south of the Khanyab Canal. It is built in a pretty little walled Courtyard with spreading Trees located in the Center of a large open area, just West of the Dash Mosque and Madrassa, which today houses a small local Museum. The Courtyard also contains the Mausoleum of Sultan Ali.

67 Satellite Image Image Courtesy of Google Earth. The Kubraviya was not largely Popular until after Hazrat Kubra's‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Passing in the 13th Century CE. The Kubraviya found great Development outside of Central Asia, but its Influence and Presence only lasted till the 15th/16th Century CE, when it was overshadowed by the Naqšhbandiya, during the Ottoman Empire, though a Nominal following continued on. Before this occurred, the Order Split after the Leadership of Hazrat Isḥāḳ al Khuttalānī (d. 1423 CE) into the Nurbakshiya and the Dhahabiya. The Former were Eventually Persecuted under the Safavids in the later 16th Century CE, whereas the Latter Survives presently with Shiraz as its Center. The Kubraviya Live on in The Firdausiya Order, which has Many Adherents especially in The Indo Pak Sub Continent as well as have Influenced Many Sillsilas through Cross Pollination of Precepts, The Sillsila e Mujummah Al Bahrain is one such Prime Example. The Kubraviya's Influence in Central Asia established many Political, Social, and Economic Activities there, but the Naqšhbandiya developed these Ideas to their fullest Potential. The Kubraviya's Main Teaching was a “Well-Developed Mystical Psychology based on the Analysis of the Visionary Experience.” They Focused on Explaining the Spiritual Visionary Experiences that Sufis underwent in everyday Life. Their largest Concern was the total Focus on the Zikr as a means of allowing for the Perception of Spiritual Visions. Darood e Qutbia: Allah‫ ُس@ ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى‬humma Salle alah Abdika wa Waliy’yika wa Habibika Sultan al Ambiya’e Wal Mursaleen Mukhtar al Malaikatakal Muqarrabeen Sayyada Wulidi Adam Qutbiul Azam Rais al Qaunain wa Ameenud Daraien Syedna wa Maulana Muhammadin wa alah Aalehi wa Sahbihi wa Barik wasallam. By – Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Aquib Qutbi Hassani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ (Sajjada Nasheen Aastana e Aaliya Suhrawardiya Firdausiya Kubrawiya Qutbia Kabiriya, Karra Sharif, District Kaushambi, UP, India.

68 Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Madni‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni (‫ )رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Arrival in India: Hazrat Shah Ḡhulām Hassan Qutbi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬descended from Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Maternal Grandson and Successor of Hazrat Makhdoom Husamuddin Hussam ul Haq Manikpuri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, (He was a Renowned Darwaish of Exceptional Qualities and had many Murid’s in Bengal including The ‘Jinn’) recounted that once a Saintly Person came to Karra (Karra) and Bathed in the Ganga (Ganges) River. Raja Jaichand, The Cruel Hindu Ruler of Bengal, took exception to this act and retaliated by having one of the Strangers fingers to be cut off. The Saint went to Madina Sharif and Complained at the Tomb of The Holy Prophet ‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬, He received the answer that My Son, Qutbuddin is responsible for Hindustan, showing that Hazrat Qutbuddin came to India on the Express Command of The Holy Prophet ‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آل@ه وس@لم‬. While Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was in Madina Munawara, he had a True Dream in which The Holy Prophet ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬Appeared to him and told him to go to the King of Ghazni and Take His Army to India, live there and spread the Faith of Islam, “I have Given The ‘Walayat’ (Area of Influence of a Wali Allah‫ ) ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬of Hindustan to you.”81 Hazrat Sarkar Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni’s ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬First Arrival in Hindustan and Liking for Karra(Karra): It is related that Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was very upset after the Martyrdom of His Father at The Hands of The Tartars, Hazrat Mir Syed Rasheed ad 81 Kitab Malfozaat e Amir, Zahoor e Qutbi, Bahr e Zakhar, Vol. 1, pg. 204, and Tareekh Aaina e Awadh.

69 Deen Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and grew restless, after performing Hajj in Makka Mu'azammah he left Arabia for India, via Baghdad, Iran and, Afghanistan with the intent of Traveling for The Sake of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. When he reached India, He traveled through the land to arrive in Karra, finding the Place eminently suitable, he settled down to his Prayers and Meditation. However, the local Inhabitants took exception to his arrival and began to Harass him. Being greatly disheartened, he returned to Madina Munawara where he got the Command from The Holy Prophet ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬to return via Ghazni.82 Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni’s ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Return to Hindustan: Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, along with his three Sons, Hazrat Mir Nizamuddin Hassan ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Hazrat Mir Syed Qawamuddin Mehmood ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Mir Syed Tajuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬along with their Murids and Retainers left for the Journey back to India. Arriving first at Ghazni. The Ruler of Ghazni was Sultan Muhammad Ghauri who warmly welcomed the Syed and in order to cement relations with him, arranged for Princess Khunaiza Khatoon his Daughter’s betrothal to Hazrat Mir Qutbuddin Madni’s ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬elder Son, Hazrat Mir Nizamuddin Hassan ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and gave a Command of Eighteen Thousand Cavalry. Hazrat Qutbuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was Graciously received by Qutbuddin Aibak, The Sultan's Vassal Ruler in India. The advent of Hazrat Qutbuddin's‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Conquests begin from here. Kannuj; Banaras; Karra; Haswa and Fatehpur were all Conquered and Hazrat arrived at Karra in Manikpur where he defeated Raja Jaichand and Manikchand Rathore, he settled down in Karra.83 82 Kitab Malfozaat e Amir, Zahoor e Qutbi, Behre Zakhar and Tareekh Aaina e Awadh. 83 Kitab Malfuzaat e Amir, Zahoor e Qutbi, Tareekh Aaina e Awadh, Tazkira tus Sadaat, Malfooz Syed Hamid Bukhari as Sindhi, Nuzhatul Khawatir.

70 The Muslim Ghaurids Invaded Jayachandra's kingdom in the 1193 CE. According to the contemporary Muslim accounts, Jayachandra was \"the greatest King of India and possessed the largest Territory\". These accounts describe him as the Rāi of Banaras (King of Varanasi). According to Kamil ut Tawarikh, his Army had a Million Soldiers and 700 Elephants. The Hindu accounts (such as Vidyapati's Purusha-Pariksha and Prithviraj Raso) claim that Jayachandra defeated the Ghaurids multiple times. The contemporary Muslim accounts, on the other hand, mention only two Battles: one relatively minor engagement and the Battle of Chandwar, in which Jayachandra was killed. The Ghaurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor had defeated the Chahamana King Prithviraja III in 1192 CE. According to Hassan Nizami's 13th Century Text, Taj ul Maasir, he decided to attack the Gahadavala Kingdom after taking Control of Ajmer, Delhi and Kol. He dispatched a 50,000-strong Army commanded by Qutbuddin Aibak. This Army defeated “The Army of the Enemies of the Religion”. It appears that the Defeated Army was not Jayachandra's Main Army, but only a smaller body of his Frontier Guards. Jayachandra then himself led a larger Army against Qutbuddin Aibak in 1194 CE. According to the 16th Century Historian, Farishta, Jayachandra was seated on an Elephant when Qutb ad Din killed him with an arrow. The Ghaurids Captured 300 Elephants alive, and plundered the Gahadavala treasury at the Asni fort. (The identification of Asni is not certain, but most Historians believe it to be the present-day Asni village in Fatehpur district). After this, the Ghaurids advanced to Varanasi, where according to Hassan Nizami, \"nearly 1000 Temples were destroyed and Mosques were raised on their foundations\" (This is against The Express Commands of The Holy Prophet ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬wherein Muslims are Commanded to Respect Other Creeds Places of Worship). A number of local Feudal Chiefs came forward to offer their Allegiance to the Ghaurids.84 Mazaar Mubarak Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Nizamuddin Hassan Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 84 Roma Niyogi (1959). The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty.

71 Permanent Stay in Karra: After the complete subjugation of Karra, Manikpur, Hazrat Amir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬called all his adherents together and said,

72 “My Life and Death have both been joined to Karra in accordance to the Command of The Rasool‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬However, You are all allowed to return to your Homes.” All of them insisted upon remaining with Him. Some of them are accounted as follows.85 1. Hazrat Syed Ehsan ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Leader of The Attack Formation) ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ (Descended from the Offspring of Hazrat Imam Ali Rida‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, stayed in Karra, his offspring are settled in Hansa Chand. 2. Hazrat Yusuf Qattal ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Karra where his offspring are yet settled. 3. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Ghaus, entitled Hazrat Goshai'n ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Kararvi, settled in Allahabad, along with his Family. 4. Hazrat Makhdoom Sheikh Minhajuddin ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Mauza Kantuhwa also known as Teergao’n, in Karra, with his Family. 5. Hazrat Syed Fakharuddin ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, The Forebear of Hazrat Maulana Makhdoom Ziauddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Mauza Kasari in Karra. Since he was a Khalifa of Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, he was renowned as Sheikh, his offspring are settled in Mauza Kasari of Karra. 6. Hazrat Salar Haji Jamal ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, settled in Mauza Daulatpur of Karra his Family has intermarried with the Landlords of Mauza Barai, District Pratapgarh. 7. Hazrat Sheikh Chandan ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was an Afghan and settled in Mohallah Kagazyaan in Karra. 8. Hazrat Makhdoom Qazi Sheikh Shahabuddin Amri ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬first settled in Karra and relocated to Mauza Hashimpur Kinar in the Pargana of Chael. 9. Hazrat Syed Ahmed Sabzwari ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, the Father of Makhdoom Maulana Khwajgi Kadvi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Karra Khaas, then his offspring shifted to Mauza Malsobhuny in the Pargana of Karari which is now called Bahadurpur, they were descended from Hazrat Imam Ja'far as Sadiq ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 10. Hazrat Makhdoom Sheikh Ziauddin Zahid Mufassir ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Mauza Kahkateru in the Pargana of Yakedala in District Fatehpur. 11. Hazrat Makhdoom Sheikh Husamuddin Ghauri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, whose Mazar is Joined to that of Hazrat Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬in Mauza Sultanpur Sawa Khat in Karra. His offspring are settled in Mauza Narwar Abbas in the Pargana of Chael. 12. Hazrat Makhdoom Sheikh Bata Ansari ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, settled in Karra Khaas where the Mohallah is named as Ansari Mohallah, his offspring are settled there. 13. Hazrat Qazi Ahmed Mohtasib Usmani ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, settled in Mauza Ibn e Buzurg of Pargana Karra. His entire Family was affiliated by Ba’ait to Hazrat Makhdoom Husamuddin Hussam ul Haq Manikpuri‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬and some attained Khilafat. ‘Sheikhzadgaan’ (The Sons of The Sheikh) Mauza Nanmai of Pargana Karari and ‘Sheikhzadgaan’ Mauza Rashidmai in Karra City are settled by this Family. 14. Hazrat Makhdoom Sheikh Baha'uddin Salar ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬was a Sheikh Usmani (Descended from Hazrat Usman) settled in Mauza Syed Sarawa’n of Pargana Chael, District Allahabad. 15. Hazrat Salaar Shujauddin Mushkil Aasaan ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬attained Martyrdom while Conqueroring the Fort of Karra and was interned there on his bequest. 85 Kitab Tareekh Aaina-e-Awadh (dafa no 28 safa no 60-64).

73 Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad al Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled on a High Mound, Rich Green with Vegetation, directly in Front of Karra Fort on the Bank of the River Ganga in a Neighborhood called Qutbiyana Mohallah. Sheikh ul Islam of Delhi: Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad al Madni ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬was appointed as Sheikh ul Islam during the Reigns of Sultan Bahram Shah, son of Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash and left the Post during the Reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mehmood in 653 AH. During His life Eight different Rulers Reigned in Delhi all of whom held Hazrat Qutbuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬in High Esteem. Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash was wont to Kiss The Hands and Feet of The Saint and would Seat him upon his Throne while sitting on the Ground below. Similarly, all the other Sultans treated him with Much Respect, they were:86 1. Sultan Aaram Shah (607 – end 607 AH). 2. Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash (607-633 AH). 3. Sultan Ruknuddin Altamash (633-634 AH). 4. Razia Sultana bint Altamash (634-637 AH). 5. Sultan Bahram Shah bin Altamash (637-639 AH). 6. Sultan Masood Shah bin Altamash (639-644 AH). 7. Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud (644-664 AH). 8. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban (664-685 AH). 86 Kitab Tareekh Aaina e Awadh, Tabqaat e Nasiri, Nuzhatul Khawatir and Tareekh e Firozshahi by Syed Ahmed Shahid (Maulana Ghulam Rasool Mehar).

74 Advent of Sa'adat in India: During The Reign of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban, since the time of Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash, apart from The Sheikh ul Islam, Hazrat Syedna Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni‫رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬, who was the Forebear of The Qazis of Badaun; Hazrat Syed Muntaqibuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Syed Jallaluddin ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Sons of Hazrat Syed Mubarak‫ ;) رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Syed Azizuddin ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Syed Moinuddin ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫( عليه‬of Samana) along with The Gardezi Sadaat‫( رض@وان الله تَعَ@الَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬The Forebears of Hazrat Syed Chahju ‫ ;)رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬The Great Sadaat of Kaithal ‫رض@@وان الله تَعَ@@الَ ٰى علیھم‬ ‫;اجمعین‬The Sadaat of Chanjer‫ ;رضوان الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬The Sadaat of Bayana ‫رضوان الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم‬ ‫ اجمعین‬and The Sadaat of Badaun‫ رض@وان الله تَعَ@الَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬as well as other Much Respected Sadaat e Karam‫ رضوان الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬who were Forced to Migrate from Central Asia due to the Depredation of the Barbarous Changez Khan all settled in India.87 87 Tareekh-e-Firozshahi

75 Honors and Esteem: During His Stay in Delhi, Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was amply Eulogized by various Tazkira Authors, this is ascertained from the Titles and Respectful words they have written about him, some of which are: Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬was a Grand Sheikh and ‘Alim’ (Highly Educated), Respected ‘Faqih’ (Jurisprudent) and Accomplished ‘Wali’ (Friend of Allah‫ ;) ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬Abstinent and a Mujahid who Guided The Rulers of The Times in Righteous Behavior Towards their Subjects.88 Hazrat Qutbuddin Madni’s ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ibn Hazrat Sarkar Mir Syed Mehmood Lakab Ba Rasheed Al Deen Madni Shaheed ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Was born in 581 AH and came to India during the Reign of Sultan Shamsuddin Altamash from Ghazni and settled in Mauza Karra, half a Mile from Haswa and is known as Karra. From here he proceeded on Jihad to Karra, Manikpur on the Bank of the Ganga River. He routed the Forces of Raja Jai Chand and took His Fortress. He attained ‘Wisaal’ at the Age of 96 Years in Karra on 3rd Ramzan ul Mubarak, 677 AH. He had Three sons, namely, Hazrat Syed Nizamuddin ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Hazrat Syed Qawamuddin ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Delhi; Hazrat Syed Tajuddin Qazi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬settled in Badaun. Hazrat Syed ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ offspring are to be found in Karra; Naseerabad; Rudauli; Kaundhan Patti; Ajhwa; Rasulpur; Kaurali; Munimabad; Rajupur; Gwalior; Karai; Jaheza; Delhi; Badaun; Haswa etc and are known as Sadaat e Qutbiya.89 Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬was a ‘Sahib e Kamal’ (Wondrous) and ‘Arif Billah’ (One who has Intimate Knowledge of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. Whom so ever came to His ‘Dargah’ with due Veneration and Love, gets what he Prays for. He was Close to Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬and He had many Miracles attributed to him.90 Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬Received The ‘Khirqa e Khilafat’ from Mehboob e Subhani, Ghaus e Samdani, Qutb e Rabbani Hazrat Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬who received The Mantle of Authority, step by step from Various Notable Sufis had many Miracles and was The Master of Illuminated Thoughts. Hazrat was equally venerated by all whether they were The Kings, Nobles or Common Citizens. The Wonder of His Times, A Mujahid on The Path Of Islam and One who Contemplated the Divine Mysteries. He was One of The Imams of The Beads of The ‘Tasbeeh’ (Beads for Telling) of The ‘Sincere Devotees of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬.91 Of all his Interests and Capabilities, Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was most devoted to Jihad and never spared himself for a single moment from engaging in both The Jihad e Akbar (Struggle against the Base Inclination of The Soul) and The Jihad e Aṣḡhar (The Holy War against Unbelievers). 88 Bahrul Ansab 89 Tazkirah Ulema e Hind 90 Mamba ul Ansab 91 Bahr e Zakhar

76 ‘Karamaat’ (Lesser Miracles Attributed to Saints): When Raja Jaichand learned that Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬had arrived in Karra, He attempted to Test Hazrat’s Powers and called a Jogi, namely Gangabar, who was also His Guru and Chief Advisor, Famed for His Magical Powers, and asked him to go to Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ and engage in a Contest of Miracles and Super Natural Powers, who ever Displays the Highest Degree will be Declared The Winner.92 The Jogi began with Confronting The Syed in His Advance by Hurling Flames of Fire from The Sky. Upon seeing this, Hazrat Qutbuddin ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬with The Express Command of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬, caused it to Rain and extinguish The Fires. Observing this, Jogi Gangabar began to Fly and ascend in the Air. Hazrat Amir Kabir ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬commanded one of His Murid’s to take His (Hazrat’s) Slippers and beat The Jogi on The head to make Him Return to the Earth. It came to pass accordingly and The Jogi landed flat upon his back at the Feet of The Saint of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. The Jogi objected by saying this is not correct, let us engage in some other Display of Power, he threw his Walking Stick on the Earth and caused a Snake to appear in it’s place. Hazrat Qutbuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Performed The Miracle of Hazrat Musa (Moses) and threw down his own Stick, which became a Python that started to swallow The Jogi’s Snake. At this Jogi Gangabar fled the scene and Raja Jaichand was forced to admit defeat. According to Popular Legend, Jogi Gangabar by the ‘Karamat’ of Hazrat Amir Kabir ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬ate The Fruit of The ‘Baheda’ (Terminalia bellirica) which caused him to become Pregnant and after Nine Months gave Birth to a Baby Boy by Cesarean Section. Due to this and great grief, he converted to Islam and died in the Faith. In accordance with his own wish he was buried at the Outfall of The Drainage of The Mazar of Hazrat Amir Kabir ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬, a ‘Baheda’ (Terminalia bellirica) tree grew in this place and was alive till Pre-Partition Days. It is related that any Woman who desires to give Birth, eats the Fruit and by the ‘ Karamat’ of Hazrat Amir Kabir ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬becomes Pregnant and gives Birth to a Healthy Baby.93 92 Bahr e Zakhar. 93 In traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Beleric is known as \"Bibhitaki\" (Marathi: \"Behada or Bhenda\") (Terminalia bellirica). Its fruit is used in the popular Indian herbal rasayana treatment triphala. In Sanskrit it is called bibhītaka बिभीतक. In India, Neemuch (A Town in Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh) is a major trading center of De-Skinned Baheda & Whole Fruits of Terminalia Bellirica . Terminalia Bellirica is widely collected in (the) wild in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and is traded in Neemuch APMC Yard. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_bellirica

77 During his stay in Karra (Fatehpur), Hazrat Qutbuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Commanded The Construction of a ‘Masjid’ (Mosque) and the Digging of a Well in Front of it. Hazrat Qutbuddin Muhammad‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬Emplaced Bricks from the Holy Ka’aba in it’s ‘Mehraab’ (Behind the Pulpit) and sprinkled ‘Aab e Zam Zam’ (Water from the Miraculous Holy Spring of Hazrat Bibi Hajar ‫( عليه س@لم‬Hagar‫)عليه س@لم‬, The Consort of Hazrat Ibrahim‫علي@ه س@لم‬ (Hazrat Abraham‫ )عليه سلم‬in Mecca Mu’azzama). Due to this The Well filled up with Water and is reputed to cure even the most dangerous diseases.94 Hazrat Bibi Hajra (Hagar) In The Wilderness:95 94 Tazkirahtus Sadaat, Aaina e Awadh, Bahre-zakhar, Zahoor-e-Qubi, Malfozaat e Qutbi for detailed Report on The Karamaat of Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni Hassani Hussaini‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬. 95 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tiepolo,_Giovanni_Battista_-_Hagar_in_the_Wilderness_-_1726-29.jpg

78 Saints‫ ’رضوان الله تَعَالَ ٰى علیھم اجمعین‬of His Time and His Contemporaries: In The Capital of the Sultanate of Delhi, Hazrat Amir Qutbuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬kept Company with all who would Call upon Him without any difference in His Hospitality. The ‘Sahiban e Ilm (Knowledgeable Persons) and The Adepts in ‘Marifat ‘(Spiritual Matters) thronged to see Him and Obtain His Blessings and Guidance). Hazrat Sheikh Jallaluddin Tabrizi ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Sheikh Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬had extremely Cordial Relations with Hazrat Qutbuddin Muhammad ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Sheikh Bakhtiyar Resided in Delhi and His Tomb is also Located There. Hazrat Sheikh Tabrizi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬went to Settle in Luckhnowti, Hazrat Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad ‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬along with His Cavalry; Adherents; Retainers and Family Proceeded to Karra, as Narrated.96 The Heirs of Hazrat Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬: Hazrat Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬had three sons, all of whom were Accomplished Aulia and Ulema. 1. Hazrat Syed Nizamuddin Hassan Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Karra Sharif. 2. Hazrat Syed Qwamuddin Mahmood Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Delhi Sharif. 3. Hazrat Syed Tajuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Badaun Sharif. Wafaat: The 3rd of Ramzan ul Mubarik, 677 Ah; 1278 CE, During The Reign of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban, Hazrat Sarkar Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬Attained ‘Wisaal’ and is Buried in Karra, District Kaushambi (United Provinces) to The South of The Tomb of Hazrat Khawaja Kadak Shah Abdal ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.97 96 Bahrul Ansab 97 Malfooz Syed Hamid Bukhari wa Nuzhatul Khwatir aur Wafiyatul Aalaam.

79 Some Images of ‘Dargah’ Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad al Madni ‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬in The Present Day and Age: ‘Mazaar Mubariq’ of Hazrat Amir Kabir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. ‘Mazar Mubariq’ Hazrat Qazi Syed Ruknuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Qazi Syed Sadruddin Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬

80 Sillsila e Khilafat Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Sarkar Mir Syed Qutbuddin Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬tool Ba’ait, at First on The Hands of His Father, Hazrat Mir Syed Ahmad Al Ghaznavi Al Madni ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬in His Own Sillsila e Amiriya Qutbiya. 1. Hazrat Mir Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Madni Al Kadvi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Hazrat Mir Syed Ahmad Al Ghaznavi Al Madni ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 3. Hazrat Mir Syed Rasheed Al Deen Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Hazrat Mir Syed Usuf Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 5. Hazrat Mir Syed Esa Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 6. Hazrat Mir Syed Hussain Al Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 7. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Makni Babul Hassan (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 8. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Jafar‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 9. Hazrat Mir Syed Qasim‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 10. Hazrat Mir Syed Abi Muhammad Abdullah‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 11. Hazrat Mir Syed Hassan Al Jawwad Naqeeb e Kufa‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 12. Hazrat Mir Syed Muhammad Al Aṣḡhar Saani‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 13. Hazrat Mir Syed Abu Muhammad Abdullah Al Ashtar urf Abdullah Shah Ghazi Sarkar ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 14. Hazrat Syedna Imam Muhammad Zia un Nafs az Zaki ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 15. Hazrat Syedna Abdullah Al Mahaz Hassani Al Hussaini ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 16. Hazrat Syedna Hassan Al Muthanna ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 17. Hazrat Syedna Maula Imam Hassan Al Mujtaba‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 18. Hazrat Imam Ali ‫كرم الله ووجهو‬. 19. Hazrat Muhammad(‫ )صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬Rasul Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. The Second Sillsila e Bait and Khilafat of Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi ‫( رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬Sillsila e Suhrawardiya Firdausiya, Kubrawiya): Hazrat Syed Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Muhammad Al Hassani Al Hussaini Al Madni Al Kadvi Reaffirmed His Ba’ait on The Hands of Sheikh Wali Tarash (The Sheikh who Prepared Saints) Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Kubra and Attained ‘Khilafat and ‘Khirqa e Suhrawardiya Firdausiya Kubrawiya. 1. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Syedna Mohammad Imam, al Ambia‫صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬. 2. Hazrat Imam al A'ima, Ali al Murtaza ‫كرم الله ووجهو‬. 3. Hazrat Syedna Imam Hussain‫ رضي الله عنه‬bin Hazrat Ali al Murtaza‫رضي الله عنه‬. 4. Hazrat Syedna Imam Zain ul Abidin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Imam Hussain‫رضي الله عنه‬. 5. Hazrat Syedna Imam Mohammad Baqir‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 6. Hazrat Syedna Imam Ja'far Sadiq‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 7. Hazrat Syedna Imam Musa Kazim‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 8. Hazrat Imam Ali Reza‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 9. Hazrat Maroof karkhi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 10. Hazrat Sari Sakhti‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 11. Hazrat Junaid Bagdad‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 12. Hazrat Abul Qasim naseerabadi (Bagdad Sharif)‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬.

81 13. Hazrat Abu Ali Daqaq‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 14. Hazrat Abul Qasim kasheri‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 15. Hazrat Ali Roodbari‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 16. Hazart Abu Ali Katib‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 17. Hazrat Abul Qasim Girgani‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 18. Hazrat Abu Bakar Nassaj‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 19. Hazrat Ahmad Ghazali‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 20. Hazrat Abu najeeb Suharwardi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 21. Hazrat Ammar Yasir‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 22. Hazrat Sheikh Najmuddin Kubra‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى علے‬. 23. Hazrat Sarkar Mir Syed Qutub Al Deen Muhammad Al Madni Al Kadvi‫دحمت اللہ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫علے‬. Personalities of The Earlier Qutbiya: 1. Hazrat Syed Nizamuddin Hassan Madni (‫()رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬Karra Sharif ) 2. Hazrat Syed Qwamuddin Mahmood Madni (‫( )رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬Delhi Sharif) 3. Hazrat Syed Tajuddin Madni (‫( )رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬Badaun Sharif) 4. Hazrat Sarkar Amir Syed Ruknuddin Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 5. Hazrat Qazi Syed Sadruddin Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 6. Hazrat Fazlullah Goshai’n Qutbi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 7. Hazrat Makhdoom Bandagi Qutbuddin beena e dil Jaunpuri (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 8. Hazrat Mir Syed Ahmed Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 9. Hazrat Syed Qutbuddin Saani Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 10. Hazrat Syed Alauddin Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 11. Hazrat Syed Mahmood Qutbi(‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 12. Hazrat Khawaja Ahmad sani nasirabadi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 13. Hazrat Syed Shah Ilmullah Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 14. Syed Muhammad Adal urf Syed Shah lal (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 15. Sadaat e Qutbia Riyasat Tonk (Rajasthan) 16. Hazrat Syed Abdul Ali Nasirabadi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 17. Hazrat Maulavi Hakim Syed Fakruddin khayali (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 18. Sadaat e Qutbia Mohalla Khalishaat Raibarelli 19. Sadaat e Qutbia dalmau wa Kanpur 20. Hazrat Syed Hassan Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 21. Hazrat Syed Shah Muhammad Saleh Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬  22. Hazrat Syed Shah Khaleel Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 23. Hazrat Syed Faizullah Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 24. Syed Ghulam Yahya (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 25. Qutbi Saddat kai aur jagah aabad huwe 26. Hazrat Syed Peer Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 27. Hazrat Syed Shah Muhammad Ismail Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 28. Hazrat Mir Syed Jalaluludin jalal qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 29. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Akbar (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 30. Hazrat Syed Shah Hamza Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 31. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Jahan (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬

82 32. Hazrat Shah Syed Karim Baksh ‫الَ ٰى عليه‬yَ‫ة الله َوتَع‬y‫ رحم‬farzand e akbar Hazrat Syed Shah Muhammad Hashim (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 33. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Mahdi baksh Qutbi ‫الَ ٰى عليه‬yَ‫ رحمة الله َوتَع‬ibn Hazrat Shah Syed Karim Baksh (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 34. Sadaat e Qutbia Qasba Haswa Zila Fatehpur 1. 35. Sadaat e Qutbia Qasba Haswa Zila Fatehpur 2. 36. Hazrat Syed Ummed Ali Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 37. Hazrat Syed Shah Muhammad wa Syed Ruqnuddin (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 38. Hazrat Syed Saleh Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 39. Hazrat Mir Syed Ali Naqi(‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 40. Hazrat Syed Shah Abul Hassan Qutbi Shaheed (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 41. Hazrat Maulana Syed Shah Abdul Hai Hassani Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 42. Hazrat Maulana Syed Abul Hassan Ali (‫)رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬ 43. Hazrat Syed Ahmad Shaheed Qutbi (‫)رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬ 44. Hazrat Syed Shah Kadak Abdal (‫)رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬ 45. Hazrat Syed Shamsuddin urf Maulana Khwajgi Kadvi (‫)رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬ 46. Hazrat Makhdoom Husamuddin husami (‫)رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ‬ 47. Hazrat Syed Jalal Ashraf Jaisi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 48. Hazrat Shah Peer (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 49. Hazrat Syed Shah Mohiuddin Qutbi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 50. Hazrat Shah Syed Peer Muhammad Qutbi(‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 51. Hazrat Qazi Syed Qutbuddin saani Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 52. Hazrat Qazi Syed Azauddin Madni (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 53. Hazrat Syed Ahmad (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 54. Hazrat Qazi Syed Qutbuddin (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 55. Hazrat Syed Tajuddin saani (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 56. Hazrat Syed Amrullah (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 57. Hazrat Syed Ashraf Ali urf Makhdoom Ghulam Ashraf (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 58. Hazrat Qazi Syed Abdul Hakim(‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 59. Hazrat Qazi Syed Ali Haq (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 60. Hazrat Syed Wahidul Haq urf Wahid Asdaqi (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 61. Hazrat Shah Azizul Haq urf Shah Abdul Aziz (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ 62. Syed Shah Wazul Haq Masrur (‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ Fihrist e Kutub Khanwada e Hazrat Amir. 1. Malfuzaat e Amir (az Qalam Hazrat Amir Kabir Qutbuddin Madni‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 2. Zahoor e Qutbi (az Qalam Mir Syed Umeed Ali Qutbi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 3. Malfuzaat e Qutbi (az Qalam Hazrat Syed Lal Shah Qutbi‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 4. Tareekh Aaina e Awadh (az Qalam Hazrat Syed Shah Abul Hassan Shahid). 5. Nuzhatul Khawatir (az Qalam Hazrat Syed Abdul Hai Hassani Qutbi). 6. Tazkirah Sadaat e qutbia-1 & sadaat e qutbia-2 (az Qalam Syed Tufayl Ahmed Madni). 7. Fateh e Karra (az Qalam Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Aquib). 8. Madina se manikpur tak (az Qalam Mir Qutbuddin Muhammad Aquib). 9. Ansab ul Ashraf (az Qalam Syed Abdul Salam Hussaini Haswi). 10. Tazkira Shah Ilmallah (az Qalam Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Hassani Nadvi ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫) َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 11. Tareekh e Farishta (az Qalam Muhammad Qasim Farishta).

83 12. Tareek e Firoz shahi ( az Qalam Hazrat Khwaja Ziauddin Barni‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 13. Tazkirat us Sadaat (az Qalam Shaikh Ahmed Akbarabadi Bahadurshahi). 14. Serat us Sadaat (az Qalam Maulana Hakim Syed Fakharuddin Khayali). 15. Tazkirat ul Abrar (az Qalam Hazrat Syed Abdul Hai Hassani Qutbi‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 16. Mambaul Ansab (az Qalam Hazrat Mukhdoom Syed Moin ul Haq Jhusvi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬. 17. Malfooz Hazrat Syed Ahmad Bukhari (az Qalam Hazrat Syed Ahmad Bukhari). 18. Tabqaat e Nasiri (az Qalam Qazi Usman bin Mohammad al Juzjaani). 19. Tazkirah Ulema e Hind (az Qalam Maulvi Rahmān Ali). 20. seerat Syed ahmed shaheed-1 & Seerat-Syed-Ahmad-Shaheed-2 (az Qalam Hazrat Maulana Syed Abul Hassani Nadvi). 21. Auqab Shah Badiü'z Zamana (az Qalam Syed Muzaffar Hassan). 22. Tareeq e Karra Manikpur (az Qalam Munshi Abdullah Khan Alvi). 23. Qutub Daira (az Qalam Maulana Fakharuddin Ahmad Hakim Badshah Sahib). 24. Kazba Kodah Tareekh wa Shakhsiyaat (az Maulana Muhammad Abdul Sami Nadvi). 25. Bahrul Ansab (az Qalam al ash’hab Mansoor al Maazil). 26. Bahre Zakhar (az Qalam Wajhiudin Abdul Nabi). 27. Umdatul Mutalib (az Qalam Hazrat Mir Syed Ali Hamdani‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 28. Wafiyaatul Alaam (az Qalam Sheikh Muhammad Yahya). 29. Karwane Zindagi (az Qalam Hazrat Maulana Syed Abul Hassani Nadvi ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى‬ ‫)عليه‬. 30. Sindh Tasawuf Aur Abdullah Shah Ghazi (az Qalam Dr Sibte Shabbar Zaidi). 31. Umdatul Ansab. 32. Hidaya tus Saada (az Qalam Qazi Shahabuddin Amr Zauali Daultabadi). 33. Malfoozat e Ashraf (az Qalam Hazrat Makhdoom Syed Ashraf Jahangir Simnani‫رحمة الله‬ ‫) َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 34. Umdatul Talib (az Qalam Al Syed Jamal al Din Ahmad). 35. Tazkiratul Ansab ( az Qalam Syed Imamuddin Gulshanabadi). 36. Aftab e Ashraf (az Qalam Syed Qutbuddin Muhammad Aquib). Additional ‘Nisbat’ (Affiliation/ Chain of Transmission) Firdausiya. 24- Hazrat Syedna Sheikh al Kabir al Mo'ammar Makhdum Bandagi Shah Qutbuddin bin Malik bin Ala Farooqi, Bina e Dil Qalandar Sar'andaz Ghausi Jaunpuri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ ‫قدسالله السرح العزیز‬. Roza Pak: Mohallah Allanpur, behind Jail, Jaunpur, India. Birth: 29 Shabaan 776 AH; 2 February, 1375 CE, Thursday (Al Khamees).98 Wisaal: 25 Shabaan 925 AH; 22, August, 1519 CE, Friday (Al Jumʿah).99 Bihar had such a long series and such a galaxy of Sufi Mystics of the various orders that they may claim to be regarded as the home of Indian Sufism. Out of the fourteen orders or Khanwadahs those of the highest repute were represented in Bihar, and each had a share in the general spread and development of Islam in different parts of the province. There was no difference in the cardinal principles and tenets of the various orders and there was no bar to people of one Order getting ‘Ijazat’ (Permission) and ‘Ba'ait’ (Initiation) from the Saints of the other orders. They differed from one another in name, sometimes in respect of garb or dress and 98 Azkar ul Abrar. Hazrat Shah Taqi Ḥaidar Qalandar Kakorvi‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬p. 84 (102). 99 Azkar ul Abrar. Hazrat Shah Taqi Ḥaidar Qalandar Kakorvi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬p. 84 (102).

84 mostly about rules and methods of ‘Fikr’ (Meditation), ‘Zikr’ (Remembrance) and their attitude towards ‘Zikr’, ‘Sama’ (Audition) and vocal music. The Shattariya called ‘Maḏhab’ or ‘Mashrab’ (Mode of conduct) rather than ‘Khanwada’ (Order) were closely connected with the Firdausiya and Suhrawardiya, but unlike them and the Chishtiya, and like the Naqšhbandiya, and even the Qadriya, they rejected Sama, music or singing. The Shattariya and also the Madariya and Qalandariya which at one time occupied an important position in Bihar have now sunk into the background. The Naqšhbandiya did not attain any vogue in early times in Bihar. The oldest and the most widely dispersed where the orders of the Shurwardiya and Chistiya, and though they still hold the field like the Qadriya in many parts, they were all eclipsed by the Firdausiya Order. The Sufis of Bihar were different from the Mullah and unlike the dry theologians or the clergy; they clung not to the letter but went to the spirit of the faith. They preferred a mystic and spiritual interpretation of the Qurʾānic law to its mere literal sense. They considered service to Allah’s‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬Creatures and fulfillment of their duties and responsibilities towards their fellow beings as essential for their discipline. They put aside their own desires to render themselves agreeable to all, irrespective of caste or creed and they were free from all complexes and shackles of color and race.100 They believed in gentle persuasion and infectious example of their character and devotion rather than in dialectics and argumentation to win others over to their side. It is the Sufis, not the mullahs who proved to be the best and most successful missionaries of Islam. They believed that a ‘Kafir’ (Non-Believer), unlike a ‘Mushrik’ (Polytheist), could be a ‘Muwahhid’ (Unitarian) and they quoted Hazrat Ain ul Quzzat‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬who said that all Religions, or at least a Majority of them, were in essence the same. ‘Astana e Aaliya’ Hazrat Qutbuddin. 100 Rizvi, S. A. Muslim Revivalists Movements in India, 1965.

85 16. Hazrat Abū an Najīb Abd al Qādir Suhrawardī‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Abū an Najīb Abd al Qādir Suhrawardī 1168– 1097‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬CE, was a Sunni, Persian Sufi who was born in Sohrevard, near Zanjan, and Founded the Shurwardiya Suhrawardiya Sufi Order. He studied Islamic Law in Baghdad, Baghdad then set up a Retreat who was born in Sohreward, near Zanjan, and Founded the Shurwardiya Suhrawardiya Sufi Order. He studied Islamic Law in Baghdad, then set up a Retreat by the River Tigris, where he gathered Disciples, which eventually came to be the Sufi order of Suhrawardiya. His Paternal Nephew, Hazrat Shahabuddin Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬expanded the Order. 17. Hazrat Khwaja Najmuddin Kubra Wali Taraash ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Shaykh Najmaddin Kubra is one of the leading Shaykhs of the ‘Tariqah’ (Sufi Path). His name is Ahmad, his Title is \"al-Tammat al-Kubra\" and his Birthplace was Khwarazm. His fruitful life lasted nearly seventy-eight years. It is said that he was Martyred in 618 AH/ 1221 CE. In his youth he set out for travelling. In Egypt he joined the circle of Hazrat Shaykh Ruzbahan Misri ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and attended his lectures and sermons. The Teacher‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, impressed by the intelligence and purity of heart of his Disciple, Loved him as his own Son and later married his Daughter to him. After some time the young ‘Salik’ (Farer of the Sufi Path) resumed his journey and benefited from the leading Sheikh of every City. When he returned to Egypt, Hazrat Ruzbahan ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬found that he had become a Perfect man who knew the Secret of ‘Suluk’ (Spiritual Wayfaring) and had learned the rules and ways of the various stages of ‘Ishq’ (Love) and that he was capable of Teaching and Guiding others. Therefore, he advised him to return to his Native place, Khiyuk, situated in Khwarazm, and engage in Guiding the Seekers of the Path and Disseminate Sufi Teachings.

86 Hazrat Shaykh Najmuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬left for Khwarazm along with his Wife and Children and set up a ‘Khanqah’ (Hospice) and founded the Zahabiya and Qurbaniya and other Sufi orders. He trained many disciples who themselves later became ‘Wali’ (Saints) and ‘Murshid’ Teachers, like Hazrat Majdadin Baghdadi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, Hazrat Sheikh `Attar, Sa’daddin Hamawi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Najmaddin Razi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. As to the date of his death, his Biographers are unanimous that the Shaykh was Martyred, along with his Disciples, on the tenth of Jamadi al-'Awwal 618 AH/ 1221 CE, while defending his City against the attack of the Mongols. Among the eight works attributed to him by historians, there is one exegesis of the Qur'an, of which not even a single copy has been found. Another is a small Treatise in Persian under the title of Fi adab al-salikin (\"The Rules of the Wayfarers\") which exists in the Asian Museum. The translation of one of the Sheikh's Treatises in Arabic entitled ‘Adab as Suluk ila Hazrat Malik al Muluk’, which consists of two sections: 1. One is a spiritual journey towards ‘Haq’ Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬through removal of the Veils of Negligence and the Veils of Distance and Darkness. 2. The other is a Physical Journey in the Vast Earth of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬.101 He gave a new shape to Sufism by interpreting Mystic terms and adopting a Middle Path known as the \"Saint-Producing (lit. \"Sculpting or Chiseling\") Sheikh\" (Sheikh e Wali Tarash), since a number of his disciples became great Shayukh themselves. Although originally from Khiva, located today in Western Uzbekistan, he moved nearby to the capital city, Khwarizm. Sheikh Najmuddin was killed defending Khwarizm, which was completely destroyed during the Mongol holocaust. Today, his tomb (and here as well is another image of Shaykh Najm al-Din Kubra's tomb)is in the town of Konya Urgench, which was built in the area of the ruins of Khwarizm. Apparently, he is known there as Kebir Ata. Konya Urgench is located in 101 Adab as Suluk, A Treatise on Spiritual Wayfaring by Hazrat Sheikh Najmaddin Kubra ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬. The Persian translation from Arabic by Husayn Muhyi al-Din Qumshehi Translation in English by Ali Baqirshahi of Aligarh University.

87 Turkmenistan and is about an hour's drive over the border from the city of Nukus in the Karakalpak Region of Uzbekistan. 18. Hazrat Khwaja Saifuddin Bakhizri ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 19. Hazrat Khwaja Badruddin Samarqandi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Sheikh, Syed Badruddin Shah, Samarqandi ‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰى عليه‬was from Samarkand, and was one of the ‘Murids’ of Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. The place where Hazrat's ‫‘ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Mazaar’ is situated is of great importance, Hazrat used to do ‘Ibadat’ here. Hazrat Maulana Fakharuddin Zardaari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬also did ‘Ibadat’ here for few days. Keeping in mind the importance of this place, Sultan Firozshah Tughlaq (1351-88 CE) while building his ‘Qilla’ (Fort) left an opening for this place. Wisaal:- according to the Kutba at the Mazaar Sharif, Hazrat's ‫‘ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Wisaal’ was in (697 AH) 1297 E. Hazrat was Khalifa of Sheikh Saifuddin Bakhizri ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬who himself was a great Wali Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬. Sheikh Nizamuddin Aulia ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Used to come to Hazrat's Khanqah to Listen ‘Sama’ (Qawwali). Sheikh Nizamuddin ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ was Immensely Upset at Hazrat's ‫‘ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Wisaal’. The ‘Dargah’ is Located in near the Firozshah Kotla Jama Masjid on Ring Road inside the Park near the Bridge.102 102 https://aulia-e-hind.com/dargah/22khwajasOfDelhi.htm.

88 20. Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬W. 1323 CE). The first Saint bearing the title 'Firdausi' was Hazrat Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬who was one of the Spiritual Descendants of Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬whose Sillsila after his name had come to be known as Kubrawiya order. As Hazrat Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Kubra ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was the Disciple of Hazrat Hazrat Shaikh Ziauddin Abu Najib Abdul Qahir Suhrawardi ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬W. 1167 CE), The Firdausi order is basically an offshoot of the Kubrawiya branch of the Suhrawardi Order.103 103 This fact has been confirmed on the basis of the following genealogical table of spiritual lineage of the Firdausi order mentioned in various books, such as: Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Yahya Manari ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬, Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬, Hazrat Shaikh Badruddin Samarqandi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Saifuddin Bakharzi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى‬ ‫عليه‬, Hazrat Shaikh Najmuddin Kubra‫رحم@ة الله َوتَ َع@ا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Ziauddin Abu Najib Abdul Qahir Suhrawardi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, See; Madan ul,Ma’anl Mulfuhzat of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari, Compiled by Zain Badr 'Arabi, Ms. MAL, Aligarh, Chap.22, f.105, b. Magz ul Ma’ani , Mulfuhzat of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫رحمة الله‬

89 Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬was born in India and was the Son of a reputed Saint, Hazrat Hazrat Shaikh Imaduddin‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. alongwith his elder brother Hazrat Nizamuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was brought by his Father before Hazrat Syed Amir Khurd ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and other reputed Saints of his time. Hazrat Syed Amir Khurd ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬entrusted Hazrat Ruknuddīn ‫رحم@ة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬to Hazrat Shaikh Badruddin Samarqandi ‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬104 (W. 1316 CE) under whose Guidance he attained Perfection in Theology and Mystic Discipline and later became his ‘Khalifa’ (Successor). It was Hazrat Shaikh Badruddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬who conferred the title of ‘Firdausi’ on Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬,105 Thus, Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬was the first Indian Sufi after whose name a Mystic Order originated and flourished in India. According to Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, it was Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬who for the first time introduced and Popularized the Institution of ‘Urs’ (celebration of Wisaal anniversary of particular Saint at his Tomb) in India. He is reported to have participated in the Urs Ceremony.106 When Sultan Muizuddin Kaiqubad107 established a beautiful palace at Kailugarhi, Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬also established3 his Khanqah there.108 Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. was the Saint, Peer and Sufi of the Suhrawardiya order later well known as the Firdausiya Sillsila of the Sufis who ruled the Heart of the People in South Delhi. The Sillsila started in early 13th Century in India. ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, compiled by Hazrat Shaikh Shahabuddin Ahmad Siddiqi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@ا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬, Ms. KBOPL, Patna, Maj.31, ff.57, b. and 58 a-b; Sivar ul Ariftn. Roto, f.lOi; Gulzar e Abrar Roto. Vol.I,f.56, 104 He was the disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Saifuddin Bakharzi ‫( رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬W.l260A.D.) of Bukhara and contemporary of Hazrat Shaikh Bakhtiyar Kaki ‫( رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬W. l235 CE). He is reported to have laid much enmphasis on the Concept of ‘Mohabbat’ (Love) of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحا َنهُ َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى‬and religious education for a Sufi, He specially declared that the ‘Shar’iat’ (Law) should be followed strictly in order to have nearness to Allah ‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَا َل ٰى‬. He used to say that ‘Ilm’ (Knowledge) without ‘Amal’ (Action) is useless and Action without Sincerity is Fruitless. He warned his followers against expressing ‘Karamat’ (Miracles). He was found of ‘Sama’ (Audition). See; Manaqib ul Asfiva, Ms.f.121; Khair ul Majalis. Maj.55, pp.185-6. Miriat ul Asrar. Ms. f.234,b; Akhbar ul Akhvar. pp. 112-3: Khazinat ul Asfiya, Vol.11, pp.184-5. 105 Manaqib ul Asfiva. Ms. f.83. 106 More over, Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬informs us some significant references about the early life of Hazrat Sheikh Nizaimiddin Auliya ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬that, \"At the time Hazrat Shaikh Nizamuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬had recently arrived at Ghiyaspur where he had begun to reside, and had not yet acquired much fame but, day by day his spiritual riches and blessings went on increasing. Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬used to invite Hazrat Shaikh Nizamuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬to feast day celebrations and he would participate in them. The mother of Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى‬ ‫ عليه‬was a remarkable woman. She had been blessed so abundantly that she was referred to as a 'Hazrat Shaikh ‫' رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬. One day she said to Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, 'what sort of a man is this Nizamuddin Badayuni‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, living in Ghiyaspur, concerning whom People are saying so much and how could I see him? Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬replied, “I shall invite him to a feast day and prepare a special seat for him in the ‘Majlis’ (Assembly)'” Consequently, she saw him (Hazrat Nizamuddin ‫رحمة‬ ‫ )الله َوتَعَ@ا َل ٰى عليه‬and then remarked, “I saw a light (upon) on his forehead which indicated that he would do something in Delhi which has not been done or achieved by any body else.” See; Khwan-i-Pur Ni’amat. Ms. Maja.40, f,130, 107 Muizuddin Kaiqubad ascended the throne of Delhi in 1287 CE, who built a magnificent Palace on the bank of river Jamuna at Kailugarhi and began to live there in pleasure and revelry. See, Muhammad Habib and K.A. Nizami, Comprehensive History of India of the Delhi Sultanate. (1206-1526 CE), Delhi,Vol.V, P.303, 108 Muhammad Sadiq Kashmiri Harodani, Kalimat us Sadiqin Ms.KBPOL, f,61 a-b; Mirrat tul Asrar. Ms, f,234, bj Akhbar ul Akhyar p,113.

90 In 13th Century, Turk Sultan Kaiqubad founded the City of Kilokri near Sarai Kale Khan adjacent to the present Ring road of Delhi near Maharani Bagh in South of Delhi. A Famous Historian, writer, poet and philosopher of 13th Century has mentioned the presence of Khanqah in Kilokri of Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi as the Holy and much Revered Sufi of the time who was regarded as the most respectable Sufi of that period. The Sultans of Delhi and the Aristocrats of the Darbar always visited this Khanqah which was sprawled over several acres of Land Granted by the Turk Sultan, containing the various sections of the ‘Khanqah’ such as the Mosque, Langar Khana, ‘Majlis’ (Gathering), ‘Zanan Khana’ Female Enclosure) and the Hostel for the persons visiting the Khanqah. ‘Langar Khana’ (Free Food Kitchen) was used to feed the Poor visiting the ‘Khanqah’, ‘Majlis’ (Gathering Place) was the place where the ‘Qawwali’ (Devotional Form of Group Singing accompanied with Music) was conducted for the ‘Majlis e Sama’ (Gathering of Audition) of ‘Haal’ () and ‘Qaal’ ()in the Turk Tradition of the Sufis of the that period in Turkistan. Hazrat came with his Family and settled there. It has been Mentioned in the various Books of the Period that Hazrat Khawaja Nizamuddin Chishti‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬visited the Khanqah of Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬frequently, as he was very fond of this Dervish of the Time, he was held in Reverence by such contemporary Peers as Hazrat Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlvi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, his Step Brother, and Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬were his first Khalifa and Murid. The Tradition of Anniversary or the ‘Urs’ (Anniversary of Passing Away) was started by Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬at his Khanqah as he inaugurated the first ever ‘Urs’ of his Pir Murshid Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Badruddin Samarqandi‫رحمة‬ ‫الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Firdausi Yahya Manari/ Bihari the Murid of Hazrat Khawja Hazrat Shaikh Ruknuddīn Firdausi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬went to Bihar and settled, due a dispute between the then Ulema of Delhi, who did not like the Practice of the Hazrat‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and submitted wrong information regarding the Khanqah of Kilokri as not favoring the Turk Islamic Tradition and in favor of the local People to attract the Crowd, this made the Sultan and the Aristocrats of the Darbar unfriendly to the Khanqah. Once the Sultan ordered the Sentence of the Violation of the Islamic Tradition. Thereafter he accompanied Hazrat Khawaja Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Firdausi‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. left for the destination of Bihar, he settled there and the Firdausi Sillsila shifted to Bihar, flourished there and in the nearby States of Bengal and Assam. The Firdausiya/ Suhrawardiya Sillsila is the most popular branch of the Sufi Sillsila, taking Precedence over the Chishtiya, Naqšhbandiya and Qadriya. This is the reason the Firdausiya were not Present during the Medieval Period and the Sufis of Delhi flourished more in the later period till the Mughal rule and the later Historian overlooked mention of the importance of this Sufi of high Stature. His date of ‘Wisaal’ is in the Month of Safar of the lunar calendar on the 26-27. His famous Saying is this regard is “Service of Mankind as Service to Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬.” Har kay Khidmat kardum, Uo Makhdoom Shud. Har kay khud ra Deed kardum, uo Mahroom Shud.109 109 https://www.facebook.com/103769519693910/posts/hazrat-khawaja-shaikh-rukunuddin-firdausi-rahazrat- khawaja-shaikh-rukunuddin-fir/1070068673063985/

91 Dargah of Hazrat Khwaja Ruknuddīn Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬is located in Kilokri Village New Delhi, India.110 21. Hazrat Khwaja Najibuddin Firdausi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.111 110 http://sufifmali.blogspot.com/2018/02/hazrat-khwaja-rukhnuddin-firdausi-ra.html http://sufifmali.blogspot.com/2018/02/hazrat-khwaja-rukhnuddin-firdausi-ra.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fknasnUxxjI&feature=emb_logo 111 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeecS6aYl_U

92 Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was the Step Brother,112 Disciple and Khalifa (Successor) of Shaikh Ruknuddin Firdausi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, who took care of him from his childhood and It was under his Guidance that Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬completed his Religious and Mystical Education. Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬preferred seclusion and disliked fame and popularity. He used to say, \"The friends of Allah‫( ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬Auliya e Allahُ‫ُس ْب َحانَه‬ ‫ ) َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬are those who remain concealed from the general People, only Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬knows them.\" He lived in Delhi where he Passed Away in 1332 CE.113 One of his Eminent Disciples was Maulana Fariduddin Alam ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬of Indrapat, the Compiler of Fatwah e Tatar Khani’ah.114 115 116 22. Hazrat Makhdum Shah Mazhar Shams Balḵhi ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 23. Hazrat Makhdum Abul Muzaffar‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Makhdum Shah Mazhar Shams Balḵhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. 24. Hazrat Makhdum Sheikh Hussain Nausha ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Sheikh Ma’az ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Makhdum Sheikh Mazhar Shams Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Firdausi Saints and the Khanqah became not only a Center of Training for the Novices but also an Asylum for the needy, the Poor, Mendicants and Wayfarers. 112 Hazrat Shaikh Hajlbuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬was the son of Hazrat Shaikh Imadtiddin Dehlawi‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬whose mother was the daughter of Syed Amir Khurd‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬. See, Khwan e Pur Ni’amat, Ms. f,129. 113 His tomb is located just on the Eastern side of Masjid Auliya, near Hauz Shamsi in a walled bouindary in Delhi. the date of death given by (Ghulam Sarwar has been corroborated with the date mentioned in the Inscription, found at the tomb of Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@الَ ٰ@ى عليه‬recorded by Archaeological Survey of India, List of Muhamraadeua and Hindu Monuments of Delhi, 1920, Vol.Ill, pt. III, Entry No.185; Khazinat ul Asfiya, Vol.11, p.288. 114 Shams SiraJ Afif, Tarlkh-i-Flroz Shahl Cal.1891. p.392. 115 For biographical sketch see also, Akhbar ul Ahkyar. p. 113; Akhbar ul Aafiya. Ms. f,40, a-b. Shams Siraj Afif, Tareekh e Firoz Shah Cal.1891. p.392. 116 https://www.facebook.com/506957669367104/posts/silsila-e-firdausia-bhi-silsila-e-suharwardai-ki-tarah- hazrat-sheikh-abu-najeeb-/508888525840685/

93 Hazrat Adam‫عليه سلم‬, the first Sufi in the World, for instance, the ‘Chilla’ (40 days Retreat) was first observed by Hazrat Adam‫ ;عليه سلم‬when he Committed ‘Ma’sivat’(Sin), he ‘Tauba’ (Repented) a tradition inherited by all the Sufis, he was then Commanded by Allahُ‫ُس ْب َحانَه‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬to ‘Safar’(Wander) in the World in order to purify himself, also a practice observed by all the Sufis; When exonerated from his Sin he put on ‘Mur’aa’ (Patched Garment) made from the leaves of the trees of paradise which he later conferred on his son Prophet Sheth‫عليه س@لم‬, a practice later followed by the Prophet ‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬of Islam also, who passed on the spiritual wealth to his descendants and followers. Similarly the Kaaba, built by Hazrat Adam ‫عليه سلم‬, was the first Sanctuary or ‘Khanqah’ which later served as a model for the Sufis to build a Sanctuary where they could assemble and devote themselves to the worship of Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬and seek ‘Wisaal’ (Union) with Him, Thus, the Mystic discipline concludes the Hazrat Shaikh‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, originated with Adam and was completed by the Prophet‫ صلى الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه و آله وسلم‬of Islam. Firdausi Silsilah During The Sultanate Period Thesis Submitted for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History. By Maksud Ahmad Ebam, Under the Supervision of: Dr. Muhammad Zaki. Center of Advanced Study. Department of History. Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh. 1989. Chapter II. Origin and Development of The Firdausi Order and its Expansion in India. 25. Makhdum e Jehan117, Hazrat Sheikh Sharfuddin118 Ahmad Yahya Manari ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬. 117 Meaning ‘Master of the World', addressed by Syed Jalal Bukhari (w. 1384 CE). See, Ghulam Arshad Jaunpuri, Gan1 e Arshadi Pt. IV. f.ll6,b. 118 Abul Fazl says that Hazrat Shaikh Yahya Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬belonged to both the Chishtiya and the Firdausiya Orders. He was very keen to have a Son and went to Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Bu Ali Qalandar ‫رحمة‬ ‫( الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬W. l324 CE) of Panipat to seek his Blessings. The Saint is reported to have Foretold the birth of a Son to him and bade him to name the child after his (Bu Ali’s) name. Aidbar Mama. Calcutta, 1887, pp,94-5;

94 He was born on 26th Sha'ban 661 AH/ July, 1263 CE119, at Manar120. His Original Name was Ahmad, whereas, ‘Sharfuddin’ (Glory of the Faith) and Makhdoom e Jahan are the Titles. His Father’s Name was Sheikh Yahya Manari121, Akhbar til Asfiya. Ms, ff.456-46 a. Maulana Abul Hassan Ali Nadvi, Tareekh Dawat wa Azmat. (Urdu), Lucknow, 1978, Vol. III, P.129, His mother Hazrat Bibi Razia122 ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was a Pious Lady and the Daughter of Hazrat Sheikh Shahabuddin Pir Jagjot 123‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬of Jethauli.124 It is reported that the family of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬hailed from Jerusalem. According to the Tradition still Popular among the local People, Hazrat Shaikh Momin Arif125 ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬who hailed from Yemen came to Bihar and settled down at Manar, He left Manar, as he had been persecuted by the local Chief, and went to Medina, where he is said to have met Hazrat Muhammad Taj Faqih‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. The latter, along with his followers, offered to assist him. Thus, a band of Mendicants, so runs the Tradition, entered Bihar and fought against the Local Chief. The latter was defeated and killed.126 119 This date of birth is derived from the Chronogram 'Sharaf Aaeen', mentioned by Sufi Manari in the Wasila e Sharaf wa Zaria e Daulat (Urdu) edt. by M.T. Abdai, Allahabad, 1965, p,64. It has been accepted by Modern Scholars liket Zamirwidin Ahmad Azimbadi, Sirat ush Sharaf. (Urdu), Patna, 1901. P,40; Moinuddin Dardai, Tarikh-i-Silsilah-i-Firdausiva (Urdu). Gaya, 1962, P.129; 120 A very old village situated on the right bank of the river Son at its confluence with the Ganges, 20 miles West of Patna 10 miles from Danapur Cantonment, 5 miles from Bihta Railway Station in Patna District, Bihar. 121 The Genealogical Table of his Ancestors is as follows; Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Shaikh Yahya Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Shaikh Israel ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin, Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taj Faqih‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abu Bakr‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abdul Fateh‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abdul Qasim‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abu Saim‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Imam Abu Dahrah, Bin Hazrat Imam Abul Lais‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abu Shahma ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abu Dain‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat lmara Abu Masud‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Imam Abu Darda‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Abdul Mutlib‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬, Bin Hazrat Abdul Hashim‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Abdul Mannaf‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, See Tahqiqat ul Maani or Malfuz Mubaraq,Malfuzat of Maulana Amun‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬, Ms.KBOPL,Maj.i f.3. 122 It is said that She used to give her Son Milk only after Performing Ablution. One day She left her Son (Hazrat Sharfuddin Manari‫ )رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬sleeping In the cradle alone and had gone to the Neighboring House for some Work. When returned She saw a Man sitting near Cradle and Fanning the Baby in order to make Him Sleep, this Dreadful Personality caused Her to Fall Senseless, but as soon as She Regained her Senses, She Reported this incident to her Father, who could visualize the Saintliness of the Baby and foretold that her Son would be a great Saint in Future. See, Manaqib ul Asfiya. Ms. f.82,b; Mirrat ul Asrar Ms. f.264, a. 123 According to a local tradition he was the ruler of Kashgar but renounced the World and became an Ascetic. He wandered from one place to another and finally settled down at Jethauli, He was one of the oldest Saints of Bihar and almost all Saints of Bihar trace their descent from him, He is reported to have obtained ‘Khilafatnama’ from Hazrat Sheikh Shahubddin Suhrawardi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and thus claimed to became the first Saint to Introduce the Suhrawardi Order in Bihar. He had Four Daughters, the eldest Hazrat Bibi Razia ‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬was married to Hazrat Shaikh Yahya Manari ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬. His tomb is famous as Kachchi Dargah. an annual Urs or Mela, is held on 24th Day of the Zulkada to Commemorate the Wisaal Anniversary of the Saint. See, Dr. Mojibur Rehman, Indo-Iranica. Vol,XXXV, 1982, P.97; Muhammad Tayyab Abdali, Op.Cit P.13; N.Kumar, B.D.G. Patna, 1970, P.643; D.R.Part II, Op Cit. P.14. 124 The village is located eight miles East of Patna, on Patna Bakhtiarpur road in Patna District, Bihar. 125 His grave is still pointed out to the North-West of Inspection Bungalow in Manar. The Urs or Mela is held in the Month of Rabi ul Awwal with due ceremonies, annually. A large number of inhabitants of Manar claim their descent from Him. See, Hafiz ShamsiJddin Ahmad, AIOCP & T, Patna, 1930, p. 137. 126 See, for instance, Hafiz Shamsuddin Ahmad, Op. Cit. PP. 126-8; Maulana Abu Mahfouz ul Kareem Masxsni, Indo-Iranica 1882, Vol.XXXV, No.1-2, PP.1-19J. Syed Yusuf Kamal Bukhari, EIAPS. 1951-2, P.134; D.R. Patil, Qp^Cit. PP.260-3; Maulvi Muhammad Hamid Qureshi, Op.Cit. PP.62-3; N.Kimar Op.Cit. p.663f. Journal

95 After the victory, Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taj Faqih ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬is said to have returned to Arabia leaving behind his Sons and Grand Sons to rule over the newly Conquered Territory. 127 Later, Hazrat Shaikh Israel128 ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬is claimed to have handed over the3 territory to Bakhtiyar Khilji.129 Although no Historical Evidence is available to confirm or contradict this tradition yet several other traditions associated with some Saints believed to be the Companions of Hazrat Imam Mohammad Taj Faqih ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and their Tombs, however, lend some support to this tradition. This Tradition, with slight variations, has been reported by a number of writers. The Tombs of Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taj Faqih's Companions are believed to be situated at Mahdawan130, Sharfuddinpur131, Manar 132 Sasaram133 etc. Hazrat Shah Shoaib 134‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬1421 -1289 CE). He was born in 688 CE/ 1289 CE, but lost his Father, Hazrat Shaikh Jallal Manari‫رحمة الله‬ ‫عليه‬,.‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬in his Childhood and therefore, his Education was completed at Manar under the Supervision of his Grandfather. In his Youth he is reported to have developed intensive Love for Allah‫ ُس ْب َحانَهُ َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬, Occasionally he fell into Mystic Ecstasy and fled to Jungles where he Engaged in Rigorous Austerity and self Mortification. After sometime he became Disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and settled at Sheikhpura, The Hazrat Shaikh‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬used to visit his Nephew. Shah Shoaib‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬and Blessed him.135 He received the Khilafatnama granted by the Hazrat Shaikh, and was entrusted to Hazrat Shaikh Hassan Daim Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬who gave it to Hazrat Shah Shoaib‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬after the Passing of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Shah Shoaib‫رحمة الله‬ of F. Buchanan, Patna and Gaya distt. (Edited with notes and introduction by V.H. Jackson), JBORS. 1922, VolVIII, Pt.3-4, P.355; Paul Jackson, S.J. The Way of a Sufi Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬. Delhi, 1987, P.16; Syed Shamim Ahmad,/Urdu, July 1963, Vol.LXII, p.350. 127 Hazrat Imam Mohammad Taj Faqih ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬had three sons. Hazrat Shaikh Israel‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫عليه‬, Hazrat Shaikh Ismail ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬and Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Aziz ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬. See, (Tahqiqat ul Maani Ms, Majlis 1, Hazrat Shaikh Israel‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬, the eldest son, is reported to have taken over the Charge of the newly Conquered Territory of Manar, Hazrat Shaikh Ismail ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬, who settled down at Tirhut, was the Ancestor of Hazrat Shaikh Abul Faiz Mohammad Qazan Shattari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬of Basra; Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Aziz ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬settled at Sheikhpura (Monghyr District.),whose son Sulaiman Langar Zamin, married the daughter of Hazrat Shaikh Shihabuddin Pir Jagjot‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬, Hazrat Shah Shoaib ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬the author of Manaqib ulAsfiya was one of his Descendants. See, Mohammad Tayyab Abdali Op.Cit. pp.76-7. 128 Hafiz Shamsuddin Ahmad, Qp^Cit. P. 127; Maulana Muradullah, Athar e Manar. (Urdu) P.30. 129 Curiously enough, no contemporary authority gives the exact date of the conquest of Bihar by Bakhtiyar Khilji, yet he seems to have captured it in or about 1202 CE, which is based on indirect references found in Taj ul Ma'asir and Tabaqat e Nasiri. For detailed Discussion see, Aziz Ahmad, Early Turkish Empireof Delhi. 1206- 1290, pp.109-10; A.B.H. Habibullah, The Foundation of Muslim Rule in Ihdia.P.70. 130 The Tomb of Hazrat Shaikh Qutub Salar‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, reportedly the Standard Bearer of Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taj Faqhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, located at Mehdawan, two miles East of Manar. 131 The Tomb of Hazrat Burhanuddin ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬is situated In Sharfuddinpur near Bahpura village. 132 The Tomb of Hazrat Hussain Khan ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬who was a comrade of Hazrat Imam 'Taj Faqih ‫رحمة‬ ‫ الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬situated at Manar. 133 The Tomb of Hazrat Shah Burhan Roshan Shahid ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬is located on a hillock of Sasaram. See, S.H. Askarl, BPP. 1946-7, Vol.LXVI, No.129, PP.33-4. Maulvi Fasihuddin Balkhi, Tarlkh e Magadh. (Urdu) PP. 94-6; Hafiz Shamsuddin Ahmad, Op.Cit. PP.123-4. 134 This date is derived from the name 'Shah Sho’aib' 688 AH/ 1289 CE. 135 Tahaiqat ul Ma’ani Ms. Majlis, II.

96 ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Passed Away in 824 AH/ 1412 CE, and was buried at Sheikhpura, His Tomb is still believed to exist at Sheikhpura when an Urs is held. Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, Early Life. Hazrat Maulana Burhanuddin Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬, a remote descendant of Hazrat Shaikh Ibrahim b. Adham‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, was the eldest son of Sultan Shamsuddin Balkhi,who, it is said, was a Prince of Balkh and had Abdicated the Throne, came to India and settled at Bihar Sharif.136 But a later source says he was in the service of the Sultan of Delhi, Later he left the 137royal service and took up a life of Mendicant and came to Bihar in search of a Spiritual Master and became the Disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Ahmad Charmposh‫رحمة‬ ‫( الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬W.138 1374-5 CE) of Bihar Sharif, settled there and invited his Family from Delhi to come over to Bihar Sharif.139 His Family Members preferred Ascetic life, abandoned Worldly Pleasures, leaving behind all valuable and precious, mundane paraphernalia at Delhi they came to Bihar, On reaching Bihar Sharif, Sultan Mu’iz became the disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Ahmad Charmposh ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬but Hazrat Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬joined the company of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬He was very much impressed by his learning and piety and ultimately became2 his disciple. But the Hazrat Shaikh‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬instructed him to reacquire Knowledge of the Sharı‘at (Islamic Law). which is essential for adopting the Mystic Path (Tariqat). He further pointed out that whatever he had learned earlier was with the aim of acquiring Fame and Worldly Gains. He then should Devote himself to his studies with Sincerity and not with Worldly Gains. He then proceeded to Delhi.140 On reaching Delhi, he became a Teacher in the College (Kushak) built by Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351- 88 CE), Drawing a handsome salary fo 5,000 Tankas,141 he is reported to have worked for two years. One day he was attending ‘Sama’ (Audition Session), the Musicians sang Some Verses 136 Following is the Genealogical Table of the Hazrat Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Sultan Shamsuddin Bauchi‫ ;رحم@@ة الله َوتَ َع@@الَ ٰى عليه‬bin Hazrat Syed Ali‫ ;رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Hameeduddin‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Sirājuddīn‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Syed Buzurg ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى‬ ‫ ;عليه‬Bin Hazrat Mahmud‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Sultan Ibrahim‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Ya‘qub ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Ahmad ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Ishaq‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Zaid ‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Muhammad‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Qasim‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Ali Aṣḡhar;‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Imam Zain ul Abideen‫ ;رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬Bin Hazrat Imam Hussain‫رضي الله‬ ‫عنه‬, Bin Hazrat Ali‫كرمالله َوَت َعاَلٰى وجهو‬. See Tahqiqat ul Ma’ani. Ms, Maj. l 137 Manaqib ul Asfiya. Ms. Ff,36-7; Gauharistan, Ms, f,66-a. 138 He was the Maternal Grandson of Hazrat Shaikh Shahabuddin Pir Jagjot ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬of Jethauli and Cousin (Maternal) of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Itoneri‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬, He was son of Musa Hamdani‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬who claimed to be the descendant of Hazrat Imam Hussain, He became a disciple of Hazrat Shaikh Ainuddin Ain ul Haq Suhrawardi‫ رحم@@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@@ا َل ٰى عليه‬whose spiritual lineage came from Hazrat Shaikh Shahabuddin Suhrawardi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, He Passed Away, most probably in 1364 CE, His Tomb is located to the East of a Plain Area, called Logani, which is Famous as Ambar Dargah, in Bihar Sharif, R.R.Diwakar, Op.Cit, p,453; Qeyamuddin Ahmad Op.Cit. PP.396-9. 139 Manaaib-iTl-Asfiva. Ms, f,151; Monis-iil-Qulub. Maj^33, f.l85. 140 In a letter addressed to one of his friends, Hazrat Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬wrote. It is about five months that I came here and have occupied a place in old Delhi (Delhi e Kuhna) under the conviction and in expectation of pursuing the path of the mendicants\", see, Maktv;^bat-Hazrat Muzaffar Balkhi ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬. L-132. 141 The figure however seems to be rather exaggerated, it is not clear whether the amount was paid per month or annum, see, Monis ul Qulub Ms. f.85.

97 which made such a tremendous effect on him that he fell in ecstasy and in that condition he fell down on ground from the building and as it is reported remained unhurt, after that he gave up the Job and all his belongings and returned to Bihar Sharif, joined the Company of his Pir (Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫)رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, where he adopted the Mystic Discipline.142 He married a number of women but divorced them and retained only a concubine named, Bibi Zia, at her earnest appeal.143 After the Passing Away of his Pir ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬he carried out the mission of his Hazrat Shaikh‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬and effectively organized his Sillsila, made a number of Disciples,144 trained them through his letters145 and popularized the principles and teachings of Firdausi Order. He performed Several Pilgrimage to Mecca Muazamma and is reported to have died at Aden, while on his way to India, after performing last Pilgrimage. Sheikh Hussain Mu'iz Balkhi‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬W.1440 CE). He was the son of Hazrat Shaikh Mu'iz Balkhi‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬He was born at Zaffarabad146 and was brought to Bihar Sharif by his parents. He was looked-after147 and trained 142 Manaaib-ul-Asfiva. Ms. f.38. 143 Monis-til-Qulub. Ms. Maj.78, f.408. 144 Among his chief disciples (l) Matilana Qamanjadin Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬his younger brother. (2) Hazrat Shaikh Jamal A^liya Audhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, whose grave is located at Bihar Sharif near the Tomb of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari)3( ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَ َع@ا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬Hazrat Shaikh Hussain Mu'iz Bailchi‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰ@ى عليه‬are prominent. 145 Maktubat e Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬Collection of 181 letters addressed to various disciples and friends, whereas, letters 148-154, 163, 166, 169, 179 are mainly addressed to Sultan Ghiyasuddin df Bengal, For detail see S,H, Askari, JBRS^ 1956, Vol.XLII, P t, II, PP,188-193, Maulana Saiyid Abdul Rauf, Maa,1958.Vol,LXXXII.No.6.PP.440-456. Besides this collection of letters, Maulana‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬is said to have left several other writings like l) Diwan Maulana Muzaffar Balkhi‫( رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬Print), 2) Sharah Agaid Nasfi wa Aqaid Muzaffari. 3) Risala Muzaffariva dar Hidavat Darwesh. 146 A place near Jaunpur in the province of modem U.P, 147 When the family (members) of Sultan Shamsuddin Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬was proceeding from Delhi to Bihar Sharif, they stayed for sometime at Zaffarabad, It was during this sojourn at Zaffarabad that a son was bom to Hazrat Shaikh Mu'iz Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, Before the news of his birth could reach Bihar Sharif,

98 by his uncle (Hazrat Maulana Muzaffar Balkhi‫ )رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬who had brought him to the Khanqah of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬at his early age. Thus, he had been brought up and trained in the Khanqah atmosphere.148 Some of the incidents of his childhood indicate that Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬had foreseen a great Mystic in him. He is reported to have remarked that Hazrat Shaikh Hussain‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬would inherit and enjoy their fruits of the hard struggle or endeavor of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬and Hazrat Shaikh Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬without himself working hard.149 When he grew up started learning the lessons of Awarif ul Ma’arif under the supervision of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫ رحم@@ة الله َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬but completed the book under the guidance of Hazrat Shah Badiuddin Madar‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬at Jaunpur who conferred the title of Sikandar e Tauhid on Hazrat Shaikh Hussain Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.150 Besides acquiring Mystic Knowledge he had studied different branches of Theology as well. During his four years stay at Mecca Mu'azammah, he had learned the art of ‘Qirat’ (Reciting) the Holy Qurʾān from Hazrat Shaikh Shamsuddin Halwai‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬, the greatest authority on the subject at that time. He had thoroughly studied the Sahih Bukhari151 and Sahih Muslim152 under the supervision of his father. He had studied several books on Jurisprudence also under the Guidance of the renowned scholars of Mecca Mu'azammah.153 As he had been associated with his uncle for about 40 years he received the Khilafat Nama from both his uncle and Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬,154 After the death of his uncle at Aden he returned to Bihar Sharif and settled there. As he was an accomplished Scholar also he wrote several Books and Treaties on various subjects including. • Hazrat Khams in Arabic. • Risala Qaza o Qadr. • Risala Tauheed Khas. • Risala Tauheed ul Khas ul Khawas. • Risala dar Bayan e Hasht Chiz. • Risala Zikr. • Aurad dar Fasli. • Ganj e La Yakhfa. • Maktubaat. Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬had already informed Maulana‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬about his birth and called him as the son of Maulana Muzaffar Shams Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰى عليه‬. See, Monis-ul-Qulub. P,408. 148 Ibid. Maj, 52, f,268. 149 Monis al Qulub. Ms. Maj.52, f,267. 150 Mirrat ul Asrar, Ms. f. 357-a/ Gauharistan Ms. f.47 a. 151 The title of the first of the Autubu's Sittah. Or'Six correct' books of traditions received by the Sunnis. It was compiled by Hazrat Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail al Bukhari‫( رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰى عليه‬d.254/^6S/^^)). it contains 9, 882 traditions, of »*jich 2,623 are held to be of undisputed authority. They are arranged into 160 books and 3450 chapters. Thomas Patrick Hughes, OpVcit. P.555. 152 The title of the second of the Kutub's Sittah. or 'Six correct' books of the traditions received by the Sxainis, It was compiled by Hazrat Abu'l Hussain Muslim ibn al Hallaj al Qushayri‫(رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬d.261/87^fl2>). The collection contains 7,275 traditions, of which it is said, 4000 are of disputed authority. 153 Mirrat tul Asrar Ms, f.357-b, 154 This date of death i s derived from the following chronograph, See, Muhammad Tayyab Abdali. Qp^Cit^P. 106- Moinuddin Dardai, Op.Cit. P,304. ‫سال وفات شہ بلخی حسین شد گل بآب بہار شرف۔‬

99 • Ijazat Nama in the name of his Son. • Hassan Daim Jashan Balkhi. • Diwan Farsi. • Mathnawi Zad al Musafir. • Risala dar Shamail wa Khasail Nabvi. • Mathnawi Chahar Darwaish. He Passed Away in 844 AH/ 1440-1 CE and was buried at Paharpura (Bihar Sharif). He left several Disciples and Khalifas who established Firdausi Khanqahs in different Regions of Bihar, for instance. • Hazrat Shaikh Musa Banarasi‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬d.1464-5 CE) • Hazrat Qutbuddin Bina e Dil Jaunpuri‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ • Hazrat Saifuddin Balkhi • Hazrat Shaikh Sulaiman Balkhi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬ • Hazrat Shaikh Bahrain Bihari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. • Hazrat Shaikh Alam Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Education. Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬received his Rudimentary Education under the Guidance of his Father In Manar. He Is reported to have Memorized several Text Books, Including chapters from Miftāḥ ul Lughat155 (A Key to Wards) and thus had completed his education with full devotion under the Supervision of Maulana Sharfuddin Abu Tawama156 at Sonargaon.157 Besides the Formal Sciences158 he had gone through several books on Sufism159 also under the direction of his Teacher. 155 Madan ul Maani, Ms. Chap 6, f. 26, b. 156 An Erudite Scholar and a renowned Teacher, who is reported to have hailed from Bukhara and migrated towards India during the reign of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban (1228-81 CE). He lived for sometimes in Delhi and was engaged in Dispensing Education but owing to his Growing Influence and Fame among the Masses within a short span of time, the then Sultan ordered him to leave Delhi and to settle at Sonargaon. He set out for Sonargaon and on the way of his journey he became The Honorable Guest of Hazrat Shaikh Yahya ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬of Manar and it was during his Sojourn at Manar, that he was deeply touched with the ability and eagerness for learning Knowledge of the young Hazrat Sharfuddin ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَ َع@ا َل ٰى عليه‬and he persuaded Hazrat Shaikh Yahya ‫ رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬to accompany his Son, with him, to Sonargaon, and his request was accepted. The Maulana is reported to have also established a ‘Madrasa’ cum Khanqah, at Sonargaon where students from different places came to acquire Knowledge. See. Khwan-i-Pur Ni’amat, Ms. Majalis, 6, f.lS; Manaaib lil Asfiva. Ms, ff.82 b, 83 a; Maktuba't e Syed Ashraf Jahangir Simnani‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعا َل ٰ@ى‬ ‫ عليه‬. Recorded by Haji Abdul Razaq Sutnnani, Jilanl, Ms, MAL, Aligarh Letter-46. 157 A town near Dacca, it was the Capital of the independent Muslim rulers of Eastern India, during the time of the Pathan Sultanate of Delhi. Sonargaon in the 14th century CE, seems to have been renowned for Holy Learned Men. It was populated with Pirs, Fakirs and other Religious Mendicants to a greater extent then any other Indian city. Dr. J. Wise. Notes on the Sonargaon, JASB, 1874, Vol,XLIII, Pt.I,p,134; See, also. Dr. Muhammad Shaghir Hasan Masumi Maa, Jan, 1958, Vol.LXXXIII, No.l, PP,65-72, 158 He learned the following branches of Knowledge. The Science of Grammar and Etymology; Mathematics Geometry; The Science of Astronomy; The Explanatory Science, i.e. Rhetoric; Oratory and Eloquence; Prosody; The Art of Letter-Writing; The Science of Religion; The Science of Tradition; The Science of Theology; The Science of Ethics, Morals and Etiquette; The Science of Elocution; Speculative Science and Contemplative Science. See, Ata Karim Burke, Indo Iranica, March – Dec. 1981. No.1-4, Vol.XXXIV, PP.123- 4. 159 See, Maktubat e Do Saddi, Letter, 81.

100 Marriage. Contemporary Sources do not throw much light on the Marriage or Family Life of the Hazrat Shaikh ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬except that he had married his Concubine160, who bore him a son, named Zakiuddin. Bahu Badan161, one of the Daughters of his Teacher Maulana Sharfuddin Abu Tawama, He then entrusted his Son to his Mother and left home for Delhi along with his Elder Brother, Hazrat Shaikh Jallil or Jalal Manari162 ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. There they met several saints but none could impressed them much. Out of disgust the Hazrat Shaikh said, “If they are Shayukhs, than I am Second to None.”163 They then paid a visit to Hazrat Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫( عليه‬W.1325 CE) and expressed their desire to become his Disciples. The Hazrat Shaikh‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, however, excused himself on the Plea that they were destined to be the disciples of Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi 164‫رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬. He was deeply impressed by Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. He blessed him and offered some Betel Leaves to him and advised them to go to Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬then went to Panipat and met Sheikh Sharfuddin Bu Ali Qalandar165 ‫( رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬W.1324 CE), who was a ‘Majzub’ (Distracted in Ecstasy) hence could not Guide others, as pointed out by Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬.166 Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was not very keen to see Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬also but his elder Brother found no harm in meeting the Hazrat Shaikh‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَ@@الَ ٰى عليه‬was however convinced and both proceeded to meet Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬, The Sheikh ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬welcomed them with a sarcastic remark that he (Hazrat Sharfuddin‫ )رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬was Chewing Betel Leaves and thinking himself as a Shaikh.167 Hazrat Sheikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬became Nervous and spat out the Betel Leaf from his mouth and expressed his desire to became Hazrat Shaikh's ‫رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى‬ ‫ عليه‬disciple. Consequently, Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬enrolled him 160 Hazrat Shah Shoaib ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَالَ ٰى عليه‬informs that when Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫رحمة الله َوتَ َعالَ ٰ@ى‬ ‫ عليه‬was engaged in acquiring Knowledge at Sonargaon, he was conjoined with a disease (marz-j.a-haa shvid). All the Physicians unanimously prescribed, Marriage as the only Remedy. Consequently, he married his ‘Kaniz’ (Concubine). See- Manaaib ul Asfiva. Ms, f.83» b; Ganl-i-Arahadi. Ms. f.llO; Mirrat tul Asrar. Ms, f.264, a. 161 She bore two daughters, Bibi Fatima and Bibi Zahra. Bibi Fatima married Hazrat Makhdum Ashraf‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَالَ ٰ@ى عليه‬, son of the elder Brother of Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬, whose descendants still claim as the Sajjada Nasheen in the Khanqah at Manar. See, Muhammad Tayyab Abadli, Al»aharaf (Urdu) PP 26-8, Dr.Mujibur Rahman, Op,Cit. p,97, 162 Sivar al Arifin. Roto. f . l 0 l. 163 Manaqab ul Asfiya f. 83, b. See also. Dr. S.M.Talha Rizwi Barque, Indo-Iranica. 1982, Vol,XXXV,P.110, 164 Manaqab ul Asfiya. f, 83, b; Lataif e Asharfi, Malfuzat Hazrat Ashraf Jahangir Simnani‫رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬, Delhi, 1880, p.376. According to Hazrat Darwesh Jamali, ‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَ َع@الَ ٰ@ى علي رحم@ة الله َوتَ َع@ا َل ٰى عليه‬. Hazrat Shaikh Sharfuddin Manari ‫ رحمة الله َوتَعَا َل ٰ@ى عليه‬along with h i s brother Hazrat Shaikh Jalalxilddin Muhammad went to Delhi, paid visit to Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya‫ رحم@ة الله َوتَعَ@الَ ٰى عليه‬who informed them that, “They are belonged to the Firdausi order,” consequently both the Brothers became disciples of Hazrat Shaikh Najibuddin Firdausi ‫رحمة الله‬ ‫ َوتَعَا َل ٰى عليه‬. See, Siyar ul Arifin. Roto, f. l0l. 165 His Father, is reported to have migrated from Iraq and settled in Panipat. He did not belong to any Mystic Order nor made any Disciples. For details see Shams Siraj Aflf, Tarlkh-1-Plroz Shahi. Calcutta, 1890, p.28; Akhbar ul Akhyar.- Gulzar e Abrar and Mirat ul Asarar. 166 Manaqab ul Asfiya. Ms. f.83, b. 167 Ibid, Ms.f,84, a.