Mathamagic

Mathamagic Vol. 1 Issue 30 ES €5.50 Mathematics in the Different Professions IT €5.00 FR €8.00 GB €5.00 USA $10.99 iMnaLtihfe TRIA, FORNIER, PLATON, PE, REYES, Featuring ways on how math is VILLANUEVA present in our daily lives

CTaobnlteeonfts 1 Introduction 2 Editors 3 Article 1: Nature of Mathematics 8 Article 2: Finance at Work 15 Article 3: Fractals and the Many Professions That Use It 21 Article 4: Voting in Professions 29 Article 5: Linear Programming in the Modern World

The UNESCAPBLE Math Jose Angelo Fornier People often think, “What the use of this subject?” I have heard tons of people say those exact words. They think it won’t be applicable once they grow up and have their own jobs. Unknowingly, math has always been there whether the individual is at school, work, etc. People will always make use of mathematics even in the simplest ways. How can it be applied to our life? The answer is simple, look closer and think harder. In every profession, time management is a key factor upon excelling at work. Every individual would calculate their monthly pay, the use of basic math would be in play. Math is everywhere around us whether we like it or not. Math would actually lessen the burden towards the way we live our lives. We humans are capable of evolving and innovating with the use of math. Math would always be there for as long as we live. Flip the pages to see the world of math applied in our life. 1

Editors Bianca Tria Jasmine Platon Shiela Villanueva Iliana Reyes Steven Pe Jose Angelo Fornier 2

Natureof Mathematics 1Jasmine Platon 3

WHAT IS LOGIC? Mathematics is used in our everyday lives with or without knowing. Logic math is one of the basic and most used kinds of math. Logic is regarded as a branch of both mathematics and philosophy because it is an area of mathematics that has its roots deep within philosophy. To quote Andy Wootton (2018), “formal logic is an application of mathematics in philosophy”. It is being used everyday in daily tasks like making a decision that can affect the outcome of certain events in your life. However, as Eugenia Cheng (2018) said, the real world involves much more nuance and uncertainty and “the mathematical world has been set up specifically to eliminate that uncertainty”. In other words, mathematics is there to help make our lives easier. 4

Logic improves one’s analytical and critical thinking skills and the reasoning ability because when you look at the problem, you are also studying it and brainstorming ways and strategies on how to solve it. Logic is about being non-contradictory, being rational, and being consistent, it involves both inductive and deductive reasoning (Stockstill, n/a). Inductive reasoning is the process of arriving at the conclusion based on a certain set of observations. While deductive reasoning uses and are based on facts to help arrive at the conclusion. LOGIC FOR OUR MINDS LOGIC IN OUR LIVES Logic is applied in making a simple decision that can affect the outcome of one’s future. An example can be when you have a test tomorrow and you have to choose between P- going out with your friends and not study and Q- stay home and study for the test tomorrow. If you choose not P and Q, you would benefit from it because your academic performance will go higher. On the other hand, if you choose P and not Q then you gain more attention from your peers. So whichever you choose, you will both gain and lose something. Even when you don’t assign the decisions to variables, logic is still being applied. Of course, the representation of P and Q is just there to aid in making a decision and simplify the calculations because in the real world there are much more uncertainties like what if in staying home you’ll end up procrastinating or in going out you’ll end up studying with your friends. So to conclude, logic is there to eliminate certain uncertainties and help 5 one make a clean answer to the arguments.

People in this professionSROTIDUA DNA STNATNUOCCA communicate and ask questions to clients. They analyze the nature of the problem and determine when something is wrong or likely to go wrong. They also analyze the costs and benefits of a certain and specific 6 action.

Logic is important to students of SCITAMEHTAM computer DNA ECNEICS RETUPMOC science and mathematics because it deals 7 with forms of logical reasoning and uses mathematical proofs. They learn how to prove theorems and hypotheses. Even engineers use logic in circuit design.

Financeat Work 2Bianca Tria 8

WHAT IS FINANCE? Finance is defined as the management of money and includes activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, saving, and forecasting. MAIN TYPES OF FINANCE 1 PERSONAL 2 CORPORATE 3 PUBLIC SECTOR / GOVERNMENT 9

Commercial banks from large entities to localREKNAB LAICREMMOC institutions provide a variety of financial services. They provide services such as securing cheque and savings accounts to individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and loans. Positions in said sectors include bank tellers, loan officers, marketing, operations, and branch 10 managers.

Jobs in investment banking facilitate new REKNAB TNEMTSEVNI issuance of corporate securities (obligations 11 of a corporation for borrowed money) and bring them to the market for investors to purchase. They also trade said securities and give significant advice to both corporations and individuals..

RENNALP LAICNANIF A financial planner works hand-in-hand with clients to create plans that help secure an individual’s current and future finances. Financial planners discuss strategies for investing and savings in 12 order to reach a client’s goal.

Public accountants work with both TNATNUOCCA CILBUP individual 13 clients and corporations to maintain their financial transactions, audit their records, and help them prepare income tax returns. They typically work in small or large firms depending on their clientele.

F ra ct al s 3 a n d t he

Many Professions That UseIt Shiela Villanueva 15

WHAT ARE FRACTALS? Fractals are geometric figures that have the ability to be divided into smaller yet still identical versions of its original model. The concept of Fractals shows a mathematical set that portrays a repeating structure or the same pattern at every scale that is why numerous mathematical formulas utilize it. And slowly but surely, Fractals are on its way to becoming more and more useful to daily science. DIFFERENT PROFESSIONS THAT USE FRACTALS 1 ARCHAEOLOGISTS 2 TRADE / INVESTORS 3 SCIENTISTS (BIOLOGY) 4 BIOLOGISTS 16

Archaeologists actually use STSIGOLOEAHCRA fractals to help them discover ancient sites. One of its notable accomplishments is the 17 Egyptian Royal Necropolis called Dashur which the German Archaeologists located using Fractals. They analyzed a digital topography and found areas where the naturally occurring fractal geometry was missing. Because of this they know which areas are modified by man and could possibly contain archaeological sites, making the search for ancient artifacts easier and more efficient.

Wall Street Trading also usesSROTSEVNI / SREDART Fractal Math. Since Fractals are small pieces of a larger piece, fractals help traders predict what can happen in the future. Fractals also help investors point out the trends thus helping them plan out their movements into what will get them to earn more. It is noted though that Fractals are 18 more appropriately used for long-term trends.

Scientists use Fractal Math so )YGOLOIB( STSITNEICS that they can create new sources of energy. 19 In UC Davis, Scientists received a grant to study the enhancement of Solar Energy usage by means of Fractal Math. They plan to study the branching of fractal patterns of trees and leaves to find more efficient and cheaper ways to collect sunlight. Their main goal is to duplicate the patterns in photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells.

Fractal Math can also be used forSTSIGOLOIB both animals and plants. For example, the ripening spots on Bananas are theorized by scientists to follow a Fractal pattern. If this study proves to be true, just by merely scanning the surface of a banana, fractal math can tell you if a banana has become inedible. For animals, it has been found that the fractal patterns in the feathers of a bird can allow potential mates to determine the bird’s health (the more the plumage of a bird corresponds with fractal patterns, the 20 more healthier the bird is)

Votingin Professions 4Iliana Reyes 21

Life always has preferences, and more often than not are these preferences accompanied with opinions, which brings about the concept of voting. At some point in life, every single one of us is encouraged to vote for something. What you vote for can range from the class officers in school to decisions at work to those who will take positions in the government. It’s highly probable that you already have heard of the term “vote” or “voting” before and as time passes, it sort of becomes something self-explanatory. However, there is a deeper meaning to it, which is that it’s a way to express one’s opinion in a group’s decision making process. Moreover, it may also be a mathematical procedure that helps determine a winner through the use of a preference table. There are many different voting methods that you’d probably be using each time you vote. Knowing these won’t cause any harm, and it’ll definitely make you more mindful and prudent when it comes to voting. Common voting methods include Plurality, Condorcet, Borda Count, Sequential Pairwise 22 voting and Hare system.

When a choice or SNAICITILOP option is preferred by more than half of the 23 voters, that option wins. The method used here is The Plurality Method. This is prominent in Government Elections. Voting takes into account every preference and opinion of all citizens who registered, and this is why every vote matters as it consequently deciphers who the leaders of the country will be.

SNAICISUM The Condorcet Method is when an option must defeat all other options on one on one by majority vote. This can also be an example of chart topping songs, a newly released song could overtake the number of listeners and climb to the number 24 one spot of the list.

How The Borda Count Method works is that SEVITUCEXE SSENISUB points assigned will be determined by the 25 position of the candidate and the candidate with the most points wins. This is used in making business decisions, arranging the schedules of the company based on the executives schedules. Ranking it by which is most prioritized to the least prioritized, this helps the company decide which way to go next.

SETELHTA Evidently in sports matches where players have showdowns, teams will be randomly paired up to go head to head and the winners proceed to the next round until one team remains and is called the winner. This method is the Sequential Pairwise Method. The first 2 candidates compete head to head (Plurality Method). The winner of this then competes head to head with the next candidate. This process 26 repeats until there is one last remaining candidate.

The Hare System removes the “least SEITIRBELEC preferred” option after every round. Winner is / STNATSETNOC WOHS VT the last remaining candidate. 27 This could be seen in the entertainment industry such as singing or dancing competitions. The shows ‘American Idol’ and ‘Dancing with the Stars’ use this method where the least favorite or least voted contestant would be out of the show.

CONCLUSION There are different voting methods available to be used but not one of these are perfect and satisfies all the criteria according to the Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem. It states that a clear order of preferences can’t be resolved while sticking to required standards of fair democratic systems. Though there are still methods that suit certain professions more than another, we must be aware of this to be able to efficiently and accurately come up with a decision. CONCLUSION 28

Linear Programming 5 inthe ModernWorld Steven Pe 29

WHAT IS LINEAR PROGRAMMING? Essentially, linear programming is a branch of mathematics that is specifically designed to deal with efficiency and optimization. Its name comes from the fact that it deals with problems with what is known as a system of linear constraints and how those relate to another function that is being optimized for the said constraints. DIFFERENT PROFESSIONS THAT USE LINEAR PROGRAMMING 1 ENGINEERS & PHYSICISTS 2 AGRONOMISTS & NUTRIONISTS 3 ENERGY GENERATION STAFF 4 MANUFACTURING, TRANSPORTATION & 30 DELIVERY COMPANIES

These fields often combine linear programming STSICISYHP DNA SREENIGNE with other branches of math such as 31 multivariable calculus and linear algebra in order to solve problems. Realistic problems found in these two professions normally have certain constraints or conditions that must be satisfied. Linear programming is used to find and optimize the possible solutions that fit within the specified constraints.

When harvesting crops, it is important toSTSINOITIRTUN minimize the amount of time it takes so thatDNA STSIMONORGA the food is as fresh as possible. At the same time, farmers must know the most efficient way to use a given plot of land as an excessive amount of crops can drain nutrients from the land which is detrimental to the whole plot. Additionally, food nutritionists use linear programming to maximize or minimize the intake of particular nutrients in a diet. This is especially helpful for those with pre-existing conditions that 32 may hinder their ability to absorb certain nutrients.

Linear programming is used here to ensure the FFATS NOITARENEG YGRENE most efficient energy generation process. Particularly with variable energy 33 generators (like solar and wind) who’s energy generation varies through a day or even a year, the math ensures that they are operating as cost-efficiently as possible.

In these industries, linear programming isSEINAPMOC GNIREVILED one of the most important tools to ensureDNA NOTATROPSNART ,GNIRUTCAFUNAM efficiency. When dealing with large quantities of goods or people that must be shuffled from one area to another, these industries often have departments dedicated to ensuring efficient operations. Recently, computer programmers have been in high demand in these sectors as they are able to create company-specific applications that reduce the amount of manpower required to keep operations at peak efficiency. Job allocation is also a great application of linear programming in these industries, particularly in manufacturing 34 where assembly lines must have the most efficient staffing possible.

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SECNEREFER Article 1: Nature of Mathematics SECNEREFER Causey R. L. (2017). Why Logic is Important for Computer Science and Mathematics? https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~rlc/whylog.htm Cheng Eugenia. (2018). How Abstract Mathematical Logic Can Help Us in Real Life. https://lithub.com/how-abstract-mathematical-logic-can-help-us-in-real-life/ Illinois WorkNet Center. (n/a). Accountants and Auditors. https://apps.il-work-net.com/cis/clusters/OccupationDetails/100001? parentId=110600&section=skills&sectionTitle=Skills%20and%20Abilities Stockstill J. (n/a). Logic. http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/Topics/logic.html Wootton A. (2018). What are the real world applications of math in logic and philosophy? https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-real-world-applications-of-math-in-logic-and- philosophy Article 2: Finance at Work Kochanek, D. (2020, February 1). Financial Career Options for Professionals. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-careers/08/financial-career-options- professionals.asp. Gwynedd Mercy University. What Careers Can You Pursue with a Finance Degree? Careers in Finance: What Can You Do With a Finance Degree? https://www.gmercyu.edu/academics/learn/careers-in-finance. Article 3: Fractals and the Many Professions That Use It Dwilson, S. (2018). Jobs that use fractal math. Retrieved from: https://work.chron.com/jobs-may-use-fractal-math-20188.html Article 4: Voting in Professions Halton, C. (2019, July 19). Social Choice Theory Definition. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-choice-theory.asp. List, C. (2013, December 18). Social Choice Theory. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/social-choice/. Bracket Formats. Round Robin Tournament Brackets. https://www.r2sports.com/linkGallery/round-robin-tournament-brackets.asp. Electoral System: Philippines. Global Greens. (2014, September 12). https://www.globalgreens.org/content/electoral-system-philippines. Article 5: Linear Programming in the Modern World Dotson, J. D. (2019, March 2). Five Areas of Application for Linear Programming Techniques. Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/five-application-linear-programming-techniques-7789072.html. Hayes, A., Pakornat, W., Khim, J., & Hayes, A. Linear Programming. Brilliant Math & Science Wiki. https://brilliant.org/wiki/linear-programming/. 36