United States Coast Pilot 2 Atlantic Coast - Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 2015

UNITED STATES Atlantic Coast: Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 2015 (44th) Edition This edition cancels the 43rd Edition and includes all previously published corrections. Weekly updates to this edition are available at: http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/cpdownload.htm They are also published in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) U.S. Notice to Mariners. U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Kathryn Sullivan, Ph.D., Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, and Administrator, NOAA National Ocean Service Holly Bamford, Ph.D., Assistant Administrator, National Ocean Service

74° 73° 72° 71° 70° II        U.S. Coast Pilot 2 Albany Troy MASSACHUSETTS Boston MASSACHUSETTS BAY 42° HUDSON RHODE 42° ISLAND NEW YORK Hartford CAPE COD BAY Providence 12 RIVER CONNECTICUT 41° 8 65 4 7 Block Island New York City New Haven Martha’s Vineyard NEW LONG ISLAND SOUND Nantucket Island JERSEY 9 41° 11 10 ATLANTIC OCEAN Coast Pilot 2 - Chapter Index 74° 73° 72° 71° Chapter 4 – Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound Chapter 5 – Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay Chapter 6 – Narragansett Bay Chapter 7 – Block Island Sound Chapter 8 – Eastern Long Island Sound Chapter 9 – Western Long Island Sound Chapter 10 – South Coast of Long Island Chapter 11 – New York Harbor and Approaches Chapter 12 – Hudson River 70° 

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Preface        III Preface The United States Coast Pilot is published by the National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), pursuant to the Act of 6 August 1947 (33 U.S.C. 883a and b), and the Act of 22 October 1968 (44 U.S.C. 1310). The Coast Pilot supplements the navigational information shown on NOAA nautical charts. The Coast Pilot is continually updated and maintained from inspections conducted by NOAA survey vessels and field parties, corrections published in Notices to Mariners, information from other Federal agencies, State and local governments, maritime and pilots’ associations, port authorities, and concerned mariners. NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey encourages public feedback regarding its suite of nautical charting products and services through the Nautical Inquiry/Discrepancy Reporting System. This system allows comments, inquiries and chart discrepancies to be submitted directly to NOAA’s nautical charting program. Inquiries are typically acknowledged by email within one day, and ninety percent are answered or resolved within five days. General comments or inquiries can be made at http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/inquiry. Detailed nautical chart or Coast Pilot discrepancies can be reported at http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/discrepancy. Coast Survey also maintains a toll free phone line for public comments or inquiries. Customers may contact the charting program by telephone on weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) at 888–990–6622. Keep your Coast Pilot up-to-date Check for weekly critical updates for this edition at http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/cpdownload.htm (See 33 CFR 164.33 Charts and Publications, chapter 2, for regulations.) You may print the specifically affected paragraphs to revise this book, or download an updated .pdf of the entire volume. A Weekly Record of Updates is provided for your convenience directly preceding the index.

IV    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2 

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Contents        V Contents Preface�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� III Chapter 1: General Information�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Chapter 2: Navigation Regulations�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 Chapter 3: Cape Cod To Sandy Hook������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������153 Chapter 4: Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������177 Chapter 5: Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������201 Chapter 6: Narragansett Bay�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������229 Chapter 7: Block Island Sound ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������251 Chapter 8: Eastern Long Island Sound ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������273 Chapter 9: Western Long Island Sound���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������303 Chapter 10: South Coast of Long Island�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������335 Chapter 11: New York Harbor and Approaches���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������349 Chapter 12: Hudson River ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������377 Appendix A ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������393 Appendix B ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������401 Weekly Record of Updates ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������429 Index �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������433

VI        U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Contents 

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    1 General Information (1) A map precedes each chapter and outlines the nautical charts used in the area to be discussed. In these chapters, as UNITED STATES COAST PILOT® much as possible, the coastal description is in geographic sequence, north to south on the east coast, east to west on (2) The United States Coast Pilot, published by the the gulf coast, clockwise around each of the Great Lakes, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and south to north on the west coast and Alaskan coast. (NOAA), is a series of nine nautical books (volumes) Features are described as they appear on the largest scale that encompasses a wide variety of information important chart, with that chart number prominently shown in blue. to navigators of U.S. coastal/intracoastal waters and the (11) Appendix A contains contact information regarding waters of the Great Lakes. The Coast Pilot is intended to the various products, services, and agencies detailed be used as a supplement to NOAA nautical charts. Much throughout the volume. of the content cannot be shown graphically on the charts (12) Appendix B contains useful reference tables and is not readily available elsewhere. Topics which are regarding, climate, meteorology, unit of measure covered include environmental factors of weather, climate, conversions, abbreviations, etc. ice conditions, tides, water levels, currents, prominent (13) The Weekly Record of Updates is intended as a log coastal features and landmarks. Specific information for critical updates applied to this volume. on vertical clearances, wharf descriptions, small-craft (14) The Index contains geographic names mentioned facilities, hazards, dredged channels and depths are also throughout a Coast Pilot volume. These names are provided. Navigation services and regulations are also boldfaced and indexed along with the number of the identified including pilotage, towing, anchorages, routes largest scale chart on which the entire feature appears. and traffic separation schemes, environmental protection, and other Federal laws. (15) (3) New editions of each volume are issued annually. Bearings Fully updated files are posted weekly on the Internet, (16) Bearings and courses are in degrees true and are and are also available for Print on Demand sales (see Appendix A). measured clockwise from 000° (north) to 359°. The bearings of an aid to navigation (e.g. directional light, (4) Amendments to this publication are available at: light sector, range) are given as viewed from the bridge http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/cpdownload.htm of a vessel toward the light. (5) <Deleted Paragraph> (17) (5) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Bridges and cables U.S. Notice to Mariners: http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/ (18) Vertical clearances of bridges and overhead cables maritime are in feet above mean high water unless otherwise stated; (6) clearances in Coast Pilot volume 6 are in feet above Low Water Datum unless otherwise stated. When the water Using the Coast Pilot level is above Low Water Datum, the bridge and overhead (7) Chapter 1 contains definitions of general and cable clearances given in the Coast Pilot and shown on the charts should be reduced accordingly. Clearances standard terms used throughout the volume; discussion of drawbridges are for the closed position, although the of NOAA charting products and services; descriptions of open clearances are also given for vertical-lift bridges. maritime services by various U.S. Government agencies; Whenever a bridge span over a channel does not open fully Notices to Mariners, and other information pertinent to to an unlimited clearance position, a minimum clearance safe navigation. for the sections over the channel is given; the same applies (8) Chapter 2 contains selected extracts from the Code to swing and pontoon bridges with openings less than 50 of Federal Regulations (CFR) that affect mariners. feet horizontally. Clearances given in the Coast Pilot are (9) Chapter 3 contains general information that is those approved for nautical charting, and are supplied by peculiar to the region covered by a particular Coast Pilot the U.S. Coast Guard (bridges) and U.S. Army Corps of volume. For example, practical information regarding Engineers (cables). See charts for horizontal clearances offshore currents and dangers, coastal aids to navigation, of bridges, as these are generally given in the Coast Pilot prominent landmarks, and the general character of the only when they are less than 50 feet (15 meters). Tables coast and depths helpful in approaching the region. listing structures across waterways, found in some Coast (10) In Chapter 4 and the remaining numbered chapters, the detailed description of the region begins.

2    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   Pilots, show both horizontal and vertical clearances. (28) Submarine cables are rarely mentioned. Under-keel clearances (19) (29) It is becoming increasingly evident that economic Cable ferries pressures are causing mariners to navigate through waters (20) Cable ferries are guided by cables fastened to of barely adequate depth, with under-keel clearances being finely assessed from the charted depths, predicted shore and sometimes propelled by a cable rig attached tide levels, and depths recorded by echo sounders. to the shore. Generally, the cables are suspended during (30) It cannot be too strongly emphasized that even crossings and dropped to the bottom when the ferries dock. charts based on modern surveys may not show all sea- Where specific operating procedures are known they are bed obstructions or the shoalest depths, and actual tide mentioned in the text. Since operating procedures vary, levels may be appreciably lower than those predicted. mariners are advised to exercise extreme caution and (31) In many ships an appreciable correction must be seek local knowledge. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO PASS applied to shoal soundings recorded by echo sounders A MOVING CABLE FERRY. due to the horizontal distance between the transducers. This separation correction, which is the amount by which (21) recorded depths therefore exceed true depths, increases with decreasing depths to a maximum equal to half the Courses distance apart of the transducers; at this maximum the (22) These are true and are given in degrees clockwise transducers are aground. Ships whose transducers are more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) apart should construct from 000° (north) to 359°. The courses given are the a table of true and recorded depths using the Traverse courses to be made good. Tables. (Refer to the topic on echo soundings elsewhere in chapter 1.) (23) (32) Other appreciable corrections, which must be applied to many ships, are for settlement and squat. These Currents corrections depend on the depth of water below the keel, (24) Stated current velocities are the averages at strength. the hull form and speed of the ship. (33) Settlement causes the water level around the ship Velocities are in knots, which are nautical miles per hour. to be lower than would otherwise be the case. It will Directions are the true directions to which the currents set always cause echo soundings to be less than they would (see Chapter 3, this book). otherwise be. Settlement is appreciable when the depth is less than seven times the draft of the ship, and increases (25) as the depth decreases and the speed increases. (34) Squat denotes a change in trim of a ship underway, Depths relative to her trim when stopped. It usually causes the (26) Depth is the vertical distance from the chart datum stern of a vessel to sit deeper in the water. However, it is reported that in the case of mammoth ships squat causes to the bottom and is expressed in the same units (feet, the bow to sit deeper. Depending on the location of the meters or fathoms) as those soundings found on the chart. echo sounding transducers, this may cause the recorded (See Chart Datum, this chapter, for further detail.) The depth to be greater or less than it ought to be. Caution controlling depth is the least known depth of a channel. and common sense are continuing requirements for This depth is determined by periodic hydrographic safe navigation. surveys, and restricts use of the channel to drafts less than that depth. The centerline controlling depth applies (35) only to the channel centerline or close proximity; lesser depths may exist in the remainder of the channel. The Distances midchannel controlling depth is the controlling depth (36) These are in nautical miles unless otherwise stated. A of only the middle half of the channel. Federal project depth is the original design dredging depth of a channel nautical mile is one minute of latitude, or approximately planned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and may 2,000 yards, and is about 1.15 statute miles. be deeper than current conditions. For this reason, project (37) Coast Pilot volume 6 is in statue miles unless depth must not be confused with controlling depth. otherwise stated. A statute mile is 5,280 feet or about Depths alongside wharves usually have been reported 0.87 nautical mile. by owners and/or operators of the waterfront facilities, and have not been verified by Government surveys. Since (38) these depths may be subject to change, local authorities should be consulted for the latest controlling depths. Geographic Coordinates (27) For all maintained channels with controlling depths (39) Geographic coordinates listed in the Coast Pilot detailed on charts in tabular form, the Coast Pilot usually states only the project depths. For all other channels are referred to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD which may be depicted on charts with depth legends, 83) unless otherwise noted for certain CFR extracts in notes or soundings, the Coast Pilot will strive to list the Chapter 2. corresponding controlling depths with the dates of the latest known surveys. Depths may vary considerably between maintenance dredging; consult the Notices to Mariners for latest controlling depths.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    3 (40) (58) Directions are the true directions from which the winds blow, however, sometimes (rarely) compass points Heights are used. Unless otherwise indicated, speeds are given in (41) These are in feet (meters) above the tidal datum knots, which are nautical miles per hour. used for that purpose on the charts, usually mean high (59) water. However, the heights of the decks of piers and wharves are given in feet (meters) above the chart datum NAUTICAL CHARTS for depths. (42) Coast Pilot volume 6 is in feet (meters) above the (59) <Deleted Paragraph> chart datum used for that purpose on the charts, usually (60) NOAA produces and maintains a suite of over 1,000 Low Water Datum. nautical charts that cover the U.S. coastal waters, the (43) Great Lakes and U.S. territories. These charts provide a graphic representation of water depths, the shoreline, Light and sound signal characteristics prominent topographic and man-made features, aids to (44) These are not described in the Coast Pilot. Also, navigation and other navigational information useful to the mariner. NOAA’s charts are available in a variety of light sectors and visible ranges are generally not fully digital formats designed to meet the specific requirements described. This information can be found in U.S. Coast of all mariners. Paper copies may also be obtained through Guard Light Lists. one of NOAA’s Print on Demand partners. (60) <60-61 Deleted> (45) (61) Obstructions (46) Wrecks and other obstructions are mentioned only if Paper Print on Demand Nautical Charts (62) <Deleted Paragraph> they are relatively permanent and in or near normal traffic (62) The content of Print On Demand (POD) Charts routes. is updated weekly by NOAA with the most current (47) U.S. Coast Guard Local Notice to Mariners, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Notice to Mariners, and Radio aids to navigation other critical safety information. POD charts are printed (48) These are seldom described. (See United States Coast under the authority of NOAA and are shipped overnight to the mariner through partnerships between NOAA and Guard Light Lists, and National Geospatial-Intelligence commercial providers. POD information and a list of Agency Radio Navigational Aids.) participating POD chart agents can be found at http:// nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/pod/POD.htm and at the NOAA (49) POD partner websites for OceanGraphix at http://www. oceangraphix.com and for East View Geospatial at http:// Ranges www.geospatial.com. (50) These are not fully described. “A 339° Range” (63) means that the rear structure bears 339° from the front structure. (See United States Coast Guard Light Lists.) Portable Document Format (PDF) Nautical Charts (63) <Deleted Paragraph> (51) (64) Almost all of NOAA’s nautical charts may be Reported information downloaded for free as Portable Document Format (52) Information received by NOAA from various (PDF) files at http://www.charts.noaa.gov/PDFs/PDFs. shtml. The PDF nautical charts are exact replicas of the sources concerning depths, dangers, currents, facilities, images used to produce POD and RNC charts. As such, and other topics, which has not been verified by they also have all the latest updates based on U.S. Coast Government surveys or inspections, is often included in Guard Local Notice to Mariners, National Geospatial- the Coast Pilot; such unverified information is qualified Intelligence Agency Notice to Mariners, and other critical as “reported,” and should be regarded with caution. safety information. (65) Most PDF charts can be printed at the proper scale (53) from any plotter accommodating a 36-inch paper width. When printed properly, PDF charts and POD charts are Tides very similar, but PDF charts have not yet been approved (54) Tidal information for select locations may be found to meet Federal regulations for paper chart carriage requirements as POD charts have. at the end of each chapter, except in Coast Pilot 6. Real- time water levels, tide predictions, and tidal current predictions are available at http://tidesandcurrents.noaa. gov. (55) Time (56) Unless otherwise stated, all times are given in local standard time in the 24-hour system. (Noon is 1200, 2:00 p.m. is 1400, and midnight is 0000.) (57) Winds (58) <Deleted Paragraph>

4    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (66) U.S. Notice to Mariners, U.S. Coast Guard Local Notices to Mariners, and the Canadian Coast Guard Notices to BookletCharts Mariners at: http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/updates/ (67) The NOAA BookletChart™ is a product that can LNM_NM.html. be printed by the user for free. They are made to help (76) recreational boaters locate themselves on the water. The BookletChart is reduced in scale and divided into pages for Nautical Chart Numbering System convenience, but otherwise contains all the information (77) This chart numbering system, adopted by NOAA of the full-scale nautical chart and are updated weekly. For more information visit http://www.nauticalcharts. and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), noaa.gov/staff/BookletChart.html. provides for a uniform method of identifying charts published by both agencies. Nautical charts published (68) by NGA and by the Canadian Hydrographic Service are identified in the Coast Pilot by an asterisk preceding the Raster Navigational Charts (NOAA RNC®) chart number. (69) NOAA Raster Navigational Charts (NOAA RNC®) (78) are geo-referenced digital images of NOAA’s entire suite of paper charts. NOAA RNCs are official data that can Chart Scale be used in many types of electronic charting systems, (79) The scale of a chart is the ratio of a given distance including Raster Chart Display Systems (RCDS) and some Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems on the chart to the actual distance that it represents on (ECDIS). Current regulations support the use of RNCs the earth. For example, one unit of measurement on a as a primary means of navigation when ENCs are not 1:10,000 scale chart is equal to 10,000 of the same unit available, but they require an accompanying minimal set on the earth's surface. Large-scale charts show greater of up-to-date paper charts. They can integrate position detail of a relatively small area. Small-scale charts show information from the Global Positioning System (GPS) less detail, but cover a larger area. Certain hydrographic and other navigational sensors, such as radar and information may be omitted on smaller-scale charts. automatic identification systems (AIS) to show a vessel's Mariners should always obtain the largest-scale track, waypoints, and planned routes. NOAA RNCs and coverage for near shore navigation. their weekly updates are available free of charge at http:// (80) The scales of nautical charts range from 1:2,500 to www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/Raster/index.htm. about 1:5,000,000. Graphic scales are generally shown on charts with scales of 1:80,000 or larger, and numerical (70) scales are given on smaller scale charts. NOAA charts are classified according to scale as follows: Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA ENC®) (81) Sailing charts, scales 1:600,000 and smaller, are (71) NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA for use in fixing the mariner’s position approaching the coast from the open ocean, or for sailing between ENC®) are databases of charted objects and their attributes distant coastwise ports. On such charts the shoreline and with standardized content, structure, and format. They topography are generalized and only offshore soundings, comply with International Hydrographic Organization principal lights, outer buoys, and landmarks visible at (IHO) specifications stated in IHO Publication S-57. They considerable distances are shown. may be used as an alternative to paper charts required on (82) General charts, scales 1:150,000 to 1:600,000, are SOLAS class vessels. for coastwise navigation outside of outlying reefs and (72) ENCs are intended for use in electronic charting shoals. systems (ECS) as well as Electronic Chart Display and (83) Coast charts, scales 1:50,000 to 1:150,000, are Information Systems (ECDIS). ECDIS are programmable for inshore navigation leading to bays and harbors of to show as much or as little data as the user requires. considerable width and for navigating large inland They can integrate position information from the Global waterways. Positioning System (GPS) and other navigational sensors, (84) Harbor charts, scales larger than 1:50,000, are for such as radar and automatic identification systems (AIS) harbors, anchorage areas, and the smaller waterways to show a vessel's track, waypoints, and planned routes. (85) Special charts, various scales, cover the Intracoastal Using this information ECDIS can use ENCs to give waterways and miscellaneous small-craft areas. warning of impending danger in relation to the vessel's position and movement. NOAA ENCs and their updates (86) are available free of charge at http://nauticalcharts.noaa. gov/mcd/enc/index.htm. Chart Projections (87) The Mercator projection used on most nautical (73) charts has straight-line meridians and parallels that Corrections to charts intersect at right angles. On any particular chart the (74) It is essential for navigators to keep charts corrected distances between meridians are equal throughout, but distances between parallels increase progressively from through information published in the Notices to Mariners. the Equator toward the poles, so that a straight line (75) NOAA’s “Nautical Chart Update” website allows between any two points is a rhumb line. This unique the mariner to update their nautical charts from one database that includes information from NOAA, NGA

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    5 property of the Mercator projection is one of the main (98) Each sounding represents an actual measure of depth reasons why it is preferred by the mariner. and location at the time the survey was made, and each (88) The Polyconic projection is used on most U.S. bottom characteristic represents a sampling of the surface nautical charts of the Great Lakes. On this projection, layer of the sea bottom at the time of the sampling. Areas parallels of latitude appear as non-concentric circles, and where sand and mud prevail, especially the entrances and meridians appear as curved lines converging toward the approaches to bays and rivers exposed to strong tidal pole and concave to the central meridian. The scale is current and heavy seas, are subject to continual change. correct along any parallel and along the central meridian of the projection. Along other meridians the scale (99) In coral regions and where rocks and boulders increases with increased difference of longitude from abound, it is always possible that surveys may have the central meridian. failed to find every obstruction. Thus, when navigating such waters, customary routes and channels should be (89) followed, and areas avoided where irregular and sudden changes in depth indicate conditions associated with Chart Datum, tidal waters pinnacle rocks, coral heads, or boulders. (90) Chart Datum is the particular tidal level to which (100) Information charted as “reported” should be treated soundings and depth curves on a nautical chart or with caution when navigating the area, because the actual bathymetric map are referred. The tidal datum of Mean conditions have not been verified by government surveys. Lower Low Water is used on all NOAAcharts, except for charts in the Great Lakes and non-tidal inland waterways. (101) (For information on Great Lakes Datum, see Coast Pilot 6.) Source diagrams (102) A source diagram is provided on all NOAA charts, (91) 1:500,000 scale and larger. This diagram is intended to Horizontal Datum provide the mariner with additional information about the (92) Nautical charts are constructed based on one of a density and adequacy of the sounding data depicted on the chart. The adequacy with which sounding data depicts number of horizontal datums which are adopted to best the configuration of the bottom depends on the following represent individual regions around the world. Note that factors: the terms horizontal datum, horizontal geodetic datum, (103) •Survey technology employed (sounding and and horizontal control datum are synonymous. navigation equipment). (93) The exact placement of lines of latitude and longitude (104) •Survey specifications in effect (prescribed survey on a nautical chart is dependent on the referenced line spacing and sounding interval). horizontal datum. Charts of the United States are currently (105) •Type of bottom (e.g., rocky with existence of referenced primarily to the North American Datum of submerged pinnacles, flat sandy, coastal deposits subject 1983 (NAD 83), and the World Geodetic System 1984 to frequent episodes of deposition and erosion). (WGS 84). WGS 84 is equivalent to the NAD 83 for (106) Depth information on nautical charts is based on charting purposes. soundings from the latest available hydrographic survey, (94) NAD 83 and WGS 84 have replaced the North which in many cases may be quite old. The age of American Datum of 1927 and other regional datums as hydrographic surveys supporting nautical charts varies. the primary horizontal datum to which NOAA charts are Nearly half of all inshore hydrography was acquired by referenced. Since some geographic positions may still be leadline (pre-1940) sounding technology. referenced to the older datums, NOAA has included notes (107) Prior to 1940, most survey data was acquired by on charts which show the amount to shift those positions leadline and soundings were positioned using horizontal in latitude and longitude to fit the chart’s NAD 83 or WGS sextant angles. This positioning method is considered to 84 projection. be accurate for near shore surveys. Leadline surveys only (95) It should be noted that the physical shift between collect discrete single-point depths. The depths between positions on older datums and NAD 83/WGS 84 was the soundings can only be inferred and undetected shoals significant. The mariner should always be certain the and other uncharted features may exist in these areas, positions they are plotting on a nautical chart are on the especially in areas of irregular relief. same datum as the chart. (108) From 1940 to 1990, sounding data acquisition typically used continuous-recording single-beam echo (96) sounders as stand-alone survey systems, which resulted in partial bottom sounding coverage.Although the sampling Accuracy of a nautical chart is continuous along the track of the sounding vessel, (97) The value of a nautical chart depends upon the features such as discreet objects or small area shoals between sounding lines may not have been detected. accuracy of the surveys on which it is based. The chart Positioning of the sounding vessel in this period has reflects what was found by field surveys and what has progressed from horizontal sextant angles, through land- been reported to NOAA. The chart represents general based electronic positioning systems, to differentially conditions at the time of surveys or reports and does not necessarily portray present conditions. Significant changes may have taken place since the date of the last survey or report.

6    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (112) • The transit ends in an area charted from miscella- neous surveys. These surveys may be too numerous Source Diagrams to depict or may vary in age, reliability, origin or technology used. No inferences about the fitness of Referring to the accompanying sample Source the data can be made in this area from the diagram. Diagram below and the previous discussion of sur- vey methods over time, transiting from Point X to Referring again to the accompanying sample Point Y, along the track indicated by the dotted line, Source Diagram, and the previous discussion of would have the following information available survey methods over time, a mariner could choose about the relative quality of the depth information to transit from Point X to Point Y, along the track shown on the chart. shown with a dashed line. • Point X lies in an area surveyed by NOAA within • The transit starts again in an area surveyed by the 1900-1939 time period. The sounding data NOAA within the 1900-1939 time period. The would have been collected by leadline. Depths sounding data would have been collected by lead- between sounding points can only be inferred, line. Depths between sounding points can only be and undetected features might exist between the inferred, and undetected features might still exist sounding points in areas of irregular relief. Caution between the sounding points in areas of irregular should be exercised. relief. Caution should be exercised. • The transit then crosses an area surveyed by • The transit then crosses an area surveyed by NOAA within the 1940-1969 time period. The NOAA within the 1990 - present time period, with sounding data would have been collected by partial bottom coverage. The data is collected in continuous recording single beam echo sounder. metric units and acquired by continuous record- It is possible that features could have been missed ing single beam echo sounder. It is possible that between sounding lines, although echo sounders features could have been missed between the sound- record all depths along a sounding line with varying ing lines, although echo sounders record all depths beam widths. along a sounding line with varying beam widths. • The transit then crosses into an area surveyed by NOAA within the 1990 - present time period, hav- ing full bottom coverage. This area of the charted diagram is shaded with a blue screen to draw atten- tion to the fact that full bottom coverage has been achieved. The data would have been collected in metric units and acquired by side scan sonar or mul- tibeam sonar technology. Undetected features in this area, at the time of the survey, would be unlikely. • The transit ends in an area charted from miscella- neous surveys. These surveys may be too numerous to depict or may vary in age, reliability, origin or technology used. No inferences about the fitness of the data can be made in this area from the diagram. By choosing to transit along the track shown by the dashed line, the mariner would elect to take ad- vantage of more recent survey information collected with more modern technology.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    7 (113) Bottom Coverage Comparison by Survey Method Leadline (pre 1940) Single Beam (1940’s - 1980’s) Multibeam (1990’s - present) corrected Global Positioning System (DGPS) satellite (110) Although full bottom coverage surveys are not fixes. (109) From 1990 to the present, most surveys have been feasible in all areas, this method is typically preferred conducted using either multibeam sonar systems or a combination of side scan sonar and single beam echo over leadline, single beam echo sounder, and LIDAR sounder systems to achieve full bottom coverage. The term full bottom coverage refers to survey areas in which technologies. Full bottom coverage surveys typically the field party has acquired continuously recorded, high-resolution sonar data in overlapping swaths. This extend inshore to depths of 4-8 meters (13-26 feet). Due sonar data, either multibeam bathymetry or side scan imagery, have been analyzed in an attempt to locate to scaling factors, a full bottom coverage survey area may all hazards to navigation within the survey's limits; all position data has been determined using DGPS. NOAA appear to extend further inshore once depicted on the began utilizing airborne light detection and ranging systems (LIDAR) for near shore bathymetric surveying Source Diagram. Generally, sounding data in depths of in the late 1990s. This type of survey method provided sounding data at a lower resolution than sonar systems, 6 meters (20 feet) and shoaler – 8 meters (26 feet) and thus making small obstructions and hazards difficult to identify. Although LIDAR systems provide continuously shoaler in Alaskan waters – has been acquired using a recorded swath data, the resulting sounding resolution is not dense enough for the survey to be considered full partial bottom coverage method. Caution and prudent bottom coverage. However, LIDAR surveys in which significant anomalies have been further investigated seamanship should be used when transiting these near using multibeam sonar are considered adequate for the full bottom coverage designation. Stand alone LIDAR shore areas. surveys are depicted on the Source Diagram as partial bottom coverage areas. (111) The spacing of sounding lines required to survey an area using a single beam echo sounder depends on several factors; such as water depths, bottom configuration, survey scale, general nature of the area, and the purpose of the survey. For example, a 1:10,000-scale survey conducted in an estuary will typically have 100-meter line spacing requirements, but may be reduced to 50 meters or less to adequately develop an irregular bottom, shoal, or some other feature that may present a hazard to navigation. Also, hydrographic project instructions for surveys may have required line spacing that deviates from these general specifications.

8    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (114) (125) The installation of submarine cables or pipelines in U.S. waters or the Continental Shelf of the United States Chart symbols, abbreviations and terms is under the jurisdiction of one or more Federal agencies, (115) The standard symbols and abbreviations approved depending on the nature of the installation. They are shown on the charts when the necessary information is for use on nautical charts produced by the U.S. reported to NOAA and they have been recommended for Government are described in U.S. Chart No. 1: Symbols, charting by the responsible agency. The chart symbols Abbreviations and Terms used on Paper and Electronic for submarine cable and pipeline areas are usually shown Navigational Charts. This reference, jointly maintained for inshore areas, whereas, chart symbols for submarine by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) cable and pipeline routes may be shown for offshore and NOAA, is available at http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/ areas. Submarine cables and pipelines are not described mcd/chartno1.htm. in the Coast Pilots. (116) The publication Chart 1: Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms used on nautical charts, published by the (126) In view of the serious consequences resulting Canadian Hydrographic Service, is available online from damage to submarine cables and pipelines, vessel at: http://www.charts.gc.ca/publications/chart1-carte1/ operators should take special care when anchoring, index-eng.asp. fishing, or engaging in underwater operations near areas (117) Some symbols and abbreviations used on foreign where these cables or pipelines may exist or have been charts, including reproductions of foreign charts made by reported to exist. Mariners are also warned that the areas NGA, are different than those used on U.S. charts. It is where cables and pipelines were originally buried may recommended that mariners who use foreign charts also have changed and they may be exposed; extreme caution obtain the symbol sheet or Chart No. 1 produced by the should be used when operating vessels in depths of water appropriate foreign agency. comparable to the vessel’s draft. (118) Mariners are warned that the buoyage systems, shapes, and colors used by other countries often have a (127) Certain cables carry high voltage, while many different significance than the U.S. system. pipelines carry natural gas under high pressure or petroleum products. Electrocution, fire, or explosion with (119) injury, loss of life, or a serious pollution incident could occur if they are broached. Blue tint in water areas (120) A blue tint is shown in water areas on many charts to (128) Vessels fouling a submarine cable or pipeline should attempt to clear without undue strain. Anchors or gear accentuate shoals and other areas considered dangerous that cannot be cleared should be slipped, but no attempt for navigation when using that particular chart. Since the should be made to cut a cable or a pipeline. danger curve varies with the intended purpose of a chart a careful inspection should be made to determine the (129) contour depth of the blue tint areas. Artificial obstructions to navigation (121) (130) Disposal areas are designated by the U.S. Army Caution on bridge and cable clearances Corps of Engineers for depositing dredged material (122) For bascule bridges whose spans do not open to a where existing depths indicate that the intent is not to cause sufficient shoaling to create a danger to surface full vertical position, unlimited overhead clearance is not navigation. The areas are charted without blue tint, and available for the entire charted horizontal clearance when soundings and depth curves are retained. the bridge is open, due to the inclination of the drawspans (131) Disposal Sites are areas established by Federal over the channel. regulation (40 CFR 220 through 229) in which dumping (123) Charted in black text, vertical clearances of overhead of dredged and fill material and other nonbuoyant objects cables are for the lowest wires at mean high water as is allowed with the issuance of a permit. Dumping of authorized and permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of dredged and fill material is supervised by the U.S. Engineers (USACE). Reported clearances received from Army Corps of Engineers and all other dumping by sources other than the USACE are labeled as such. When the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (See U.S. provided, safe vertical clearances are shown in magenta Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Protection text and indicate the highest points of a ship that can pass Agency, this chapter, and Appendix A for office under an overhead power cable without risk of electrical addresses.) discharge from the cable to the ship or without making (132) Dumping Grounds are also areas that were contact with a bridge. Vessels with masts, stacks, established by Federal regulation (33 CFR 205). booms, or antennas should allow sufficient clearance However, these regulations have been revoked and the under power cables to avoid arcing. use of the areas discontinued. These areas will continue (124) Submarine cables andsubmerged pipelines cross to be shown on nautical charts until such time as they are many waterways used by both large and small vessels, but no longer considered to be a danger to navigation. all of them may not be charted. For inshore areas, they (133) Disposal Sites and Dumping Grounds are rarely usually are buried beneath the seabed, but, for offshore mentioned in the Coast Pilot, but are shown on nautical areas, they may lie on the ocean floor. Warning signs are often posted to warn mariners of their existence.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    9 charts. Mariners are advised to exercise caution in the (139) vicinity of all dumping areas. (134) Spoil areas are for the purpose of depositing dredged Compass roses on charts material, usually near and parallel to dredged channels. (140) Each compass rose shows the date, magnetic Spoil areas are usually charted from survey drawings from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers after-dredging variation, and the annual change in variation. Prior to surveys, though they may originate from private or other the new edition of a nautical chart, the compass roses Government agency surveys. On nautical charts, spoil are reviewed. Corrections for annual change and other areas are tinted blue, labeled and have all soundings and revisions may be made as a result of newer and more depth curves omitted from within their boundaries. Spoil accurate information. On some general and sailing charts, areas present a hazard to navigation and even the smallest the magnetic variation is shown by isogonic lines in craft should avoid crossing them. addition to the compass roses. (135) Fish havens are artificial shelters constructed of various materials including rocks, rubble, derelict barges/ (141) oil rigs and specially designed precast structures. This material is placed on the sea floor to simulate natural Echo soundings reefs and attract fish. Fish havens are often located near (142) The echo sounder on a ship may indicate small fishing ports or major coastal inlets and are usually considered hazards to shipping. Before such a reef variations from charted soundings; this may be due to may be built, the U.S Army Corps of Engineers must the fact that various corrections (instrument corrections, issue a permit specifying the location and depth over settlement and squat, draft, and velocity corrections) the reef. Constructed of rigid material and projecting are made to echo soundings in surveying which are not above the bottom, they can impede surface navigation normally made in ordinary navigation, or to observational and therefore represent an important feature for charting. errors in reading the echo sounder. Instrument errors vary Fish havens may be periodically altered by the addition between different equipment and must be determined by of new material, thereby possibly increasing the hazard. calibration aboard ship. Most types of echo sounders They are outlined and labeled on charts and show the are factory calibrated for a velocity of sound in water minimum authorized depth when known. Fish havens are of 800 fathoms per second, but the actual velocity may tinted blue if they have a minimum authorized depth of differ from the calibrated velocity by as much as 5 11 fathoms or less. If the minimum authorized depth is percent, depending upon the temperature and salinity of unknown and they are in depths greater than 11 fathoms, the waters in which the vessel is operating; the highest they are considered a danger to navigation. Navigators velocities are found in warm, highly saline water, and the should be cautious about passing over fish havens or lowest in icy freshwater. Velocity corrections for these anchoring in their vicinity. variations are determined and applied to echo soundings (136) Fishtrap areas are areas established by the U.S. during hydrographic surveys. All echo soundings must Army Corps of Engineers, or State or local authority, in be corrected for the vessel’s draft, unless the draft which traps may be built and maintained according to observation has been set on the echo sounder. established regulations. The fish stakes which may exist (143) Observational errors include misinterpreting false in these areas are obstructions to navigation and may be echoes from schools of fish, seaweed, etc., but the most dangerous. The limits of fishtrap areas and a cautionary serious error which commonly occurs is where the depth note are usually charted. Navigators should avoid these is greater than the scale range of the instrument; a 400– areas. fathom scale indicates 15 fathoms when the depth is 415 fathoms. Caution in navigation should be exercised when wide variations from charted depths are observed. (144) NOTICES TO MARINERS (137) (145) Notices to Mariners are published to advise operators of marine information affecting the safety Local magnetic disturbances of navigation. The notices include changes in aids to navigation, depths in channels, bridge and overhead (138) If measured values of magnetic variation differ cable clearances, reported dangers, and other useful from the expected (charted) values by several degrees, marine information. They should be used routinely for a magnetic disturbance note will be printed on the chart. updating the latest editions of nautical charts and related The note will indicate the location and magnitude of publications. the disturbance, but the indicated magnitude should not be considered as the largest possible value that may be (146) Local Notices to Mariners are issued by each encountered. Large disturbances are more frequently Coast Guard District Commander for the waters under detected in the shallow waters near land masses than on their jurisdiction. (See Appendix A for Coast Guard the deep sea. Generally, the effect of a local magnetic district(s) covered by this volume.) These notices are disturbance diminishes rapidly with distance, but in some usually published weekly and are available at http:// locations there are multiple sources of disturbances and www.navcen.uscg.gov/. the effects may be distributed for many miles.

10    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (147) U.S. Notice to Mariners, published weekly by the possessions west of the International Date Line and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, are prepared south of 10° north latitude, which follow IALA Region jointly with NOAA and the Coast Guard. These notices A. Lateral aids to navigation in Region A vary from those contain selected items from the Local Notices to Mariners located within Region B. Nonlateral aids to navigation and other reported marine information required by are the same as those used in Region B. Appropriate oceangoing vessels operating in both foreign and nautical charts and publications should be consulted to domestic waters. Special items covering a variety of determine whether the Region A or Region B marking subjects and generally not discussed in the Coast Pilot schemes are in effect for a given area. or shown on nautical charts are published annually in Notice to Mariners No. 1. These items are important to (155) the mariner and should be read for future reference. These notices are available at http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/ Reporting of defects in aids to navigation MSI.portal. (156) Promptly notify the nearest Coast Guard District (148) All active Notices to Mariners affecting Tide and/ Commander if an aid to navigation is observed to be or Tidal Current Predictions at the date of printing are missing, sunk, capsized, out of position, damaged, published in the Tide Table and the Tidal Current Tables extinguished, or showing improper characteristics. annually. (157) Aids to navigation in United States waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, except for the (149) Broadcast Notices to Mariners are made by the St. Lawrence River, are maintained by the U.S. Coast Coast Guard to report deficiencies and important changes Guard. Local jurisdiction for the region is assigned to in aids to navigation. (See Navigational Warnings, the Commander, Ninth Coast Guard District. The Lake Information and Weather, this chapter.) Champlain region and the Hudson River are under the jurisdiction of the Commander, First Coast Guard (150) The Special Notice to Mariners is an annual District. (See Appendix A for the addresses.) publication containing important information for mariners (158) It is unlawful to establish or maintain any aid similar on a variety of subjects which supplements information not to those maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard without usually found on charts and in navigational publications. first obtaining permission from the Coast Guard District It includes excerpts from various federal laws and Commander. The licensed officer in command of a vessel regulations regarding marine pollution reporting, aids to which collides with any aid must report the fact promptly navigation, and Vessel Traffic Service procedures. There to the nearest U.S. Coast Guard Sector. are tips for trip planning, updates to the Rules of the Road, and information on local hazards. Also included (159) are points of contact, phone numbers and email addresses for various subject matter experts, to assist the mariner in Lights locating further information. (160) The range of visibility of lights as given in the Light (151) Vessels operating within the limits of the Coast Lists and as shown on the charts is the Nominal range, Guard districts can obtain information affecting NOAA which is the maximum distance at which a light may be charts and related publications from the Local Notices seen in clear weather (meteorological visibility of 10 to Mariners. Small craft using the Intracoastal Waterway nautical miles) expressed in nautical miles. The Light and other waterways and small harbors within the United Lists give the Nominal ranges for all Coast Guard lighted States that are not normally used by oceangoing vessels aids except range and directional lights. will require the Local Notices to Mariners to keep charts (161) Luminous range is the maximum distance at which and related publications up-to-date. a light may be seen under the existing visibility conditions. By use of the diagram in the Light Lists, Luminous range (152) may be determined from the known Nominal range, and the existing visibility conditions. Both the Nominal and AIDS TO NAVIGATION Luminous ranges do not take into account elevation, observer’s height of eye, or the curvature of the earth. (153) (162) Geographic range is a function of only the curvature of the earth and is determined solely from the U.S. Aids to Navigation System heights above sea level of the light and the observer’s eye; (154) The navigable waters of the United States are marked therefore, to determine the actual Geographic range for a height of eye, the Geographic range must be corrected to assist navigation using the U.S. Aids to Navigation by a distance corresponding to the height difference, System, a system consistent with the International the distance correction being determined from a table Association of MarineAids to Navigation and Lighthouse of “distances of visibility for various heights above sea Authorities (IALA) Maritime Buoyage System. The level.” (See Light List or Appendix B.) IALAMaritime Buoyage System is followed by most of (163) The maximum distances at which lights can be seen the world's maritime nations and will improve maritime may at times be increased by abnormal atmospheric safety by encouraging conformity in buoyage systems refraction and may be greatly decreased by unfavorable worldwide. IALA buoyage is divided into two regions weather conditions such as fog, rain, haze, or smoke. All made up of Region A and Region B. All navigable waters of the United States follow IALA Region B, except U.S.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    11 except the most powerful lights are easily obscured by considered not only in predicting the distance at which a such conditions. In some conditions of the atmosphere light can be seen, but also in identifying it. white lights may have a reddish hue. During weather (175) Lights should not be passed close aboard, because in conditions which tend to reduce visibility, colored lights many cases riprap mounds are maintained to protect the are more quickly lost to sight than are white lights. structure against ice damage and scouring action. Navigational lights should be used with caution because (176) Many prominent towers, tanks, smokestacks, of the following conditions that may exist; buildings, and other similar structures, charted as (164) A light may be extinguished and the fact not reported landmarks, display flashing and/or fixed red aircraft to the Coast Guard for correction, or a light may be located obstruction lights. Lights shown from landmarks are in an isolated area where it will take time to correct. charted only when they have distinctive characteristics (165) In regions where ice conditions prevail the lantern to enable the mariner to positively identify the location panes of unattended lights may become covered with ice of the charted structure. or snow, which will greatly reduce the visibility and may also cause colored lights to appear white. (177) (166) Brilliant shore lights used for advertising and other purposes, particularly those in densely populated areas, Articulated lights make it difficult to identify a navigational light. (178) An articulated light is a vertical pipe structure (167) At short distances flashing lights may show a faint continuous light between flashes. supported by a submerged buoyancy chamber and (168) The distance of an observer from a light cannot be attached by a universal coupling to a weighted sinker estimated by its apparent intensity. The characteristics of on the seafloor. The light, allowed to move about by lights in an area should always be checked in order that the universal coupling, is not as precise as a fixed aid. powerful lights visible in the distance will not be mistaken However, it has a much smaller watch circle than a for nearby lights showing similar characteristics at low conventional buoy, because the buoyancy chamber tends intensity such as those on lighted buoys. to force the pipe back to a vertical position when it heels (169) The apparent characteristic of a complex light may over under the effects of wind, wave, or current. change with the distance of the observer, due to color (179) Articulated lights are primarily designed to mark and intensity variations among the different lights of the narrow channels with greater precision than conventional group. The characteristic as charted and shown in the buoys. Light List may not be recognized until nearer the light. (170) Motion of a vessel in a heavy sea may cause a light (180) to alternately appear and disappear, and thus give a false characteristic. Daybeacons (171) Where lights have different colored sectors, be (181) Daybeacons are unlighted aids affixed to stationary guided by the correct bearing of the light; do not rely on being able to accurately observe the point at which the structures. They are marked with dayboards for daytime color changes. On either side of the line of demarcation identification.The dayboards aid navigation by presenting of colored sectors there is always a small arc of uncertain one of several standard shapes and colors which have color. navigational significance. Dayboards are sometimes (172) On some bearings from the light, the range of referred to as daymarks. visibility of the light may be reduced by obstructions. In (182) Daybeacons are found on-shore and in shallow such cases, the obstructed arc might differ with height of water. They are frequently used to mark channel edges. eye and distance. When a light is cut off by adjoining land and the arc of visibility is given, the bearing on which the (183) light disappears may vary with the distance of the vessel from which observed and with the height of eye. When Articulated daybeacons the light is cut off by a sloping hill or point of land, the (184) Articulated daybeacons are similar to articulated light may be seen over a wider arc by a ship far off than by one close to. lights, described above, except they are unlighted. (173) Arcs of circles drawn on charts around a light are not intended to give information as to the distance at which (185) it can be seen, but solely to indicate, in the case of lights which do not show equally in all directions, the bearings Buoys between which the variation of visibility or obscuration (186) The aids to navigation depicted on charts comprise a of the light occurs. (174) Lights of equal candlepower but of different colors system consisting of fixed and floating aids with varying may be seen at different distances. This fact should be degrees of reliability. Therefore, prudent mariners will not rely solely on any single aid to navigation, particularly a floating aid. (187) The approximate position of a buoy is represented by the dot or circle associated with the buoy symbol. The approximate position is used because of practical limitations in positioning and maintaining buoys and their sinkers in precise geographical locations. These limitations include, but are not limited to, inherent imprecisions in position fixing methods, prevailing atmospheric and sea conditions, the slope of and the material making up the seabed, the fact that buoys are moored to sinkers by varying lengths of chain, and the

12    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   fact that buoy body and/or sinker positions are not under number and location of the red and green lights depend continuous surveillance, but are normally checked only upon the type of drawbridge. during periodic maintenance visits which often occur (194) Bridges and their lighting, construction and more than a year apart. The position of the buoy body maintenance are set forth in 33 CFR 114, 115, 116, and can be expected to shift inside and outside of the charting 118, (not carried in this Coast Pilot). Aircraft obstruction symbol due to the forces of nature. The mariner is also lights prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration cautioned that buoys are liable to be carried away, shifted, may operate at certain bridges. capsized, sunk, etc. Lighted buoys may be extinguished or sound signals may not function as a result of ice, (195) running ice or other natural causes, collisions, or other accidents. Sound signals (188) For the foregoing reasons, a prudent mariner (196) Caution should be exercised in the use of sound must not rely completely upon the charted position or operation of floating aids to navigation, but will also signals for navigation purposes. They should be utilize bearings from fixed objects and aids to navigation considered solely as warning devices. on shore. Further, a vessel attempting to pass close aboard (197) Sound travels through the air in a variable manner, always risks collision with a yawing buoy or with the even without the effects of wind; and, therefore, the obstruction the buoy marks. hearing of sound signals cannot be implicitly relied upon. (189) Buoys may not always properly mark shoals or other (198) Experience indicates that distances must not be obstructions due to shifting of the shoals or of the buoys. judged only by the intensity of the sound; that occasionally Buoys marking wrecks or other obstructions are usually there may be areas close to a sound signal in which it is placed on the seaward or channelward side and not directly not heard; and that fog may exist not far from a station, yet over a wreck. Since buoys may be located some distance not be seen from it, so the signal may not be operating. It from a wreck they are intended to mark, and since sunken is not always possible to start a sound signal immediately wrecks are not always static, extreme caution should be when fog is observed. exercised when operating in the vicinity of such buoys. (199) (190) Caution, channel markers Bridge lights and clearance gages (200) Lights, daybeacons, and buoys along dredged (191) The Coast Guard regulates marine obstruction lights channels do not always mark the bottom edges. Due to and clearance gages on bridges across navigable waters. local conditions, aids may be located inside or outside Where installed, clearance gages are generally vertical the channel limits shown by dashed lines on a chart. The numerical scales, reading from top to bottom, and show Light List tabulates the offset distances for these aids in the actual vertical clearance between the existing water many instances. level and the lowest point of the bridge over the channel; (201) Aids may be moved, discontinued, or replaced by the gages are normally on the right-hand pier or abutment other types to facilitate dredging operations. Mariners of the bridge, on both the upstream and downstream should exercise caution when navigating areas where sides. dredges with auxiliary equipment are working. (192) Bridge lights are fixed red or green, and are privately (202) Temporary changes in aids are not included on the maintained; they are generally not charted or described charts. in the text of the Coast Pilot. All bridge piers (and their protective fenders) and abutments which are in or adjacent (203) to a navigation channel are marked on all channel sides by red lights. On each channel span of a fixed bridge, there Light Lists is a range of two green lights marking the center of the (204) Light Lists, published by the Coast Guard, describe channel and a red light marking both edges of the channel, except that when the margins of the channel are confined aids to navigation, consisting of lights, sound signals, by bridge piers, the red lights on the span are omitted, buoys, daybeacons, and electronic aids, in United States since the pier lights then mark the channel edges; for (including Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) and multiplespan fixed bridges, the main-channel span may contiguous Canadian waters. Light Lists are for sale by also be marked by three white lights in a vertical line the Government Printing Office (see Appendix A for above the green range lights. address) and by sales agents in the principal seaports. (193) On all types of drawbridges, one or more red lights Light Lists are also available at http://www.navcen.uscg. are shown from the drawspan (higher than the pier lights) gov/. Mariners should refer to these publications for when the span is closed; when the span is open, the higher detailed information regarding the characteristics and red lights are obscured and one or two green lights are visibility of lights, and the descriptions of light structures, shown from the drawspan, higher than the pier lights. The buoys, sound signals, and electronic aids. (205) ELECTRONIC POSITIONING SYSTEMS (206) Global Positioning System (GPS) permits land, sea, and airborne users to determine their three dimensional position, velocity, and time, 24 hours a day in all weather,

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    13 anywhere in the world. The basic system is defined as a is greatly facilitated by the prior knowledge on the part of constellation of satellites, the navigation payloads which vessel operators of the operational requirements of Coast produce the GPS signals, ground stations, data links, Guard equipment and personnel, of the international and associated command and control facilities which are distress signals and procedures, and of good seamanship. operated and maintained by the Department of Defense. Please report GPS problems or anomalies at http://www. (214) navcen.uscg.gov/ or contact the USCG Navigation Information Service at 703–313–5900. Search and Rescue Great Lakes (207) The U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center (NAVCEN) (215) The United States Coast Guard has established operates the Coast Guard Maritime Differential GPS (DGPS) Service. The Service broadcasts correction a toll-free search and rescue telephone number for the signals on marine radiobeacon frequencies to improve Great Lakes. The number is intended for use when the the accuracy of and integrity to GPS-derived positions. telephone number of the nearest Coast Guard station Typically, the positional error of a DGPS position is 1 to 3 is unknown, or when that station cannot be contacted. meters, greatly enhancing harbor entrance and approach The toll-free number should not be used without first navigation. The System provides service for coastal attempting to contact the nearest Coast Guard station. coverage of the continental U.S., the Great Lakes, Puerto In all Great Lakes States the telephone number is 800– Rico, portions of Alaska and Hawaii, and a greater part 321–4400. This number is to be used for public reports of of the Mississippi River Basin. distress incidents, suspicious sightings, pollution or other (208) Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) maritime concerns. employs ground based master and reference stations to measure variations in GPS satellite signals. These (216) measurements are sent to WAAS satellites that broadcast the correction messages back to Earth, for improved Radiotelephone Distress Message position accuracy on WAAS-enabled GPS receivers. (217) Distress calls indicate a vessel or aircraft is (209) threatened by grave and imminent danger and requests immediate assistance. They have absolute priority over LORAN-C all other transmissions. All stations which hear a distress (210) LORAN, an acronym for LOng RAnge Navigation, call must immediately cease any transmission capable of interfering with the distress traffic and shall continue was an electronic aid to navigation consisting of shore- to listen on the frequency used for the emission of the based radio transmitters. In accordance with the DHS distress call. This call shall not be addressed to a particular Appropriations Act, the U.S. Coast Guard has terminated station, and acknowledgment of receipt shall not be given the transmission of all LORAN-C signals as of August before the distress message which follows it is sent. 2010, rendering them unusable and permanently (218) Distress calls are made on VHF-FM channel 16 discontinued. For more details, view http://www.navcen. (MAYDAY). For less serious situations than warrant uscg.gov/. The Coast Guard strongly urges mariners the distress procedure, the radiotelephone urgency accustomed to using LORAN-C for navigation to shift signal consisting of three repetitions of the word PAN- to a GPS navigation system and become familiar with PAN (pronounced PAWN-PAWN), or the safety signal its operation. NOAA is removing LORAN-C lines SECURITE (pronounced SECURITAY) spoken three of position from all of its charts as new editions are times, are used as appropriate. For complete information published. on emergency radio procedures, see 47 CFR 80 or Radio Navigational Aids, Pub. 117. (211) (219) SEARCH AND RESCUE Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (212) <Deleted Paragraph> (GMDSS) (220) This international system, developed by the (212) International Maritime Organization (IMO), is based on a combination of satellite and terrestrial radio services, and Coast Guard Search and Rescue has changed international distress communications from (213) The Coast Guard conducts and/or coordinates search being primarily ship-to-ship based to primarily ship-to- shore (Rescue Coordination Center) based. Prior to the and rescue operations for surface vessels or aircraft that GMDSS, the number and types of radio safety equipment are in distress or overdue. Search and Rescue vessels and required to be carried by vessels depended upon the aircraft have special markings, including a wide slash tonnage. Under GMDSS, the number and type of radio of red-orange and a small slash of blue on the forward safety equipment vessels are required to carry depend portion of the hull or fuselage. Other parts of aircraft, on the areas in which they travel; GMDSS sea areas are normally painted white, may have other areas painted defined by governments. All GMDSS-regulated ships red to facilitate observation. The cooperation of vessel must carry a satellite EPIRB, a NAVTEX receiver (if they operators with Coast Guard helicopters, fixed-wing travel in any areas served by NAVTEX), an Inmarsat-C aircraft, and vessels may mean the difference between life SafetyNET receiver (if they travel in any areas not served and death for some seaman or aviator; such cooperation by NAVTEX), a DSC-equipped VHF radiotelephone,

14    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   two or more VHF handhelds, and a search and rescue or group of stations. The DSC system alerts an operator radar transponder (SART). when a distress call is received. It will provide the operator with a pre-formatted message that can include (221) the distressed vessel’s nine-digit MMSI, location, nature of distress, desired mode of communication and preferred Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue Sys- working frequency. tem (AMVER) (222) AMVER is a worldwide voluntary ship reporting (228) system operated by the United States Coast Guard to promote safety of life and property at sea. AMVER’s Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons mission is to quickly provide SAR authorities, on demand, (EPIRB) accurate information on the positions and characteristics (229) <Deleted Paragraph> of vessels near a reported distress. Any merchant vessel (229) Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons emit a anywhere on the globe, on a voyage of greater than 24 radio signal that can be used to locate mariners in distress. hours duration, is welcome in the AMVER system and Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) family. International participation is voluntary regardless satellites can locate the position of a 406 MHz EPIRB of the vessel’s flag of registry, the nationality of the owner which greatly increases a mariner’s chances of survival. or company, or ports of call. While orbiting the earth, the satellites continuously (223) According to U.S. Maritime Administration monitor EPIRB frequencies. When SARSAT receives an (MARAD) regulations, U.S. flag merchant vessels of EPIRB signal, it determines the beacon's position that 1,000 gross tons or more operating in foreign commerce is ultimately relayed to the nearest Coast Guard Rescue and foreign flag vessels of 1,000 gross tons or more for Coordination Center where rescue units are dispatched to which an Interim War Risk Insurance Binder has been the scene. issued under the provisions of Title XII, Merchant Marine (230) Mariners should ensure that their EPIRB is in Act, 1936, must report and regularly update their voyages working condition and stowed properly at all times to and positions to AMVER in accordance with instructions avoid non-distress emissions. Mariners are required to set forth in the AMVER Ship Reporting System Manual. register their 406 MHz EPIRBs for improved search and For more information contact: AMVER Maritime rescue response, and keep the registration current at all Relations U.S. Coast Guard, 1 South Street Battery Park times. Registration can be accomplished online at https:// Building, New York, NY 10004; Phone: 212–668–7764, beaconregistration.noaa.gov/rgdb/. Fax: 212–668–7684, Telex: 127594-AMVER NYK, or (230) <Deleted Paragraph> go to http://www.amver.com/. (231) (224) EPIRB Types COSPAS-SARSAT Type Frequency Description (225) COSPAS: Space System for Search of Distress Cat I 406 MHz Float-free, automatically activated EPIRB. Vessels; SARSAT: Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Cat II 406 MHz Detectable by satellite anywhere in the world. Tracking. COSPAS-SARSAT is an international satellite Recognized by the Global Maritime and Distress system designed to provide distress alert and location Safety System (GMDSS). data to assist search and rescue (SAR) operations, using satellites and ground facilities to detect and locate the Similar to Category I, except is manually acti- signals of distress beacons operating on 406 MHz. For vated. Some models are also water activated. more information on the Cospas-Sarsat System go to http://cospas-sarsat.org. (232) (226) Medical Advice (233) Ships at sea with no medical personnel embarked Digital Selective Calling (DSC) (227) The U.S. Coast Guard offers VHF and MF/HF and experiencing a medical emergency onboard, can receive medical advice via radiotelex, radiotelephony radiotelephone service to mariners as part of the Global or Inmarsat. Messages are generally addressed Maritime Distress and Safety System. This service, RADIOMEDICAL followed by the name of the coast called digital selective calling (DSC), allows mariners to station to which the message is sent. The priority of the instantly send an automatically formatted distress alert message should depend on the severity of the ailment. to the Coast Guard or other rescue authority anywhere in In extreme emergency, the urgency signal (PAN-PAN) the world. Digital selective calling also allows mariners should precede the address. Messages are sent using to initiate or receive distress, urgency, safety and routine distress and safety frequencies. radiotelephone calls to or from any similarly equipped vessel or shore station, without requiring either party to (234) be near a radio loudspeaker. Each ship or shore station equipped with a DSC terminal has a unique Maritime Vessel Identification Mobile Station Identity (MMSI). This is a nine-digit (235) Coast Guard search-and-rescue aircraft and surface number that specifically identifies a ship, coast station, craft use radar to assist in locating disabled vessels. Wooden and fiberglass vessels are often poor radar targets. Operators of disabled craft that are the object of a search are requested to hoist, as high above the waterline

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    15 (243) U.S. VHF Channels Channel Ship Frequency (MHz) Channel Usage 01A Transmit Receive Port Operations and Commercial, VTS (Available only in New Orleans/Lower Mississippi area) 05A Port Operations or VTS in the Houston, New Orleans and Seattle areas 06 156.050 156.050 Intership Safety 07A 156.250 156.250 Commercial 08 156.300 156.300 Commercial (Intership only) 09 156.350 156.350 Boater Calling; Commercial and Non-commercial 10 156.400 156.400 Commercial 11 156.450 156.450 Commercial; VTS in selected areas 12 156.500 156.500 Port Operations; VTS in selected areas 156.550 156.550 Intership Navigation Safety (bridge-to-bridge) Ships greater than 20m maintain a listening watch on this channel in US 13 156.600 156.600 waters. Port Operations; VTS in selected areas 14 156.650 156.650 Environmental (Receive only) Used by Class C EPIRBs 15 International Distress, Safety and Calling. Ships required to carry radio, USCG, and most coast stations maintain a 156.700 156.700 listening watch on this channel. 16 – 156.750 State and local government maritime control Commercial 17 156.800 156.800 Commercial 18A Port Operations (duplex) 19A 156.850 156.850 Port Operations 20 156.900 156.900 U.S. Coast Guard only 20A 156.950 156.950 Coast Guard Liaison and Maritime Safety Information Broadcasts (Broadcasts announced on channel 16) 21A 157.000 161.600 U.S. Coast Guard only 22A 157.000 157.000 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 23A 157.050 157.050 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 24 157.100 157.100 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 25 157.150 157.150 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 26 157.200 161.800 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 27 157.250 161.850 Port Operations and Commercial, VTS (Available only in New Orleans/Lower Mississippi area) 28 157.300 161.900 Port Operations 63A 157.350 161.950 Port Operations 65A 157.400 162.000 Commercial. Used for bridge-to-bridge communications in lower Mississippi River (Intership only.) 66A 156.175 156.175 Non-Commercial 67 156.275 156.275 Non-Commercial 68 156.325 156.325 Digital Selective Calling (voice communications not allowed) 69 156.375 156.375 Non-Commercial 70 156.425 156.425 Non-Commercial (Intership only) 71 156.475 156.475 Port Operations 72 156.525 156.525 Port Operations 73 156.575 156.575 Port Operations (Intership only) 74 156.625 156.625 Non-Commercial 77 156.675 156.675 Commercial (Non-commercial in Great Lakes only) 78A 156.725 156.725 Commercial (Non-commercial in Great Lakes only) 79A 156.875 156.875 U.S. Government only (environmental protection operations) 80A 156.925 156.925 U.S. Government only 81A 156.975 156.975 U.S. Coast Guard only 82A 157.025 157.025 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 83A 157.075 157.075 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 84 157.125 157.125 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 85 157.175 157.175 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 86 157.225 161.825 Commercial (Intership only) 87 157.275 161.875 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 88A 157.325 161.925 Automatic Identification System (AIS) AIS 1 157.375 157.375 AIS 2 157.425 157.425 161.975 161.975 162.025 162.025 Boaters should normally use channels listed as Non-Commercial. Channel 16 is used for calling other stations or for distress alerting. Channel 13 should be used to contact a ship when there is danger of collision. All ships of length 20m or greater are required to guard VHF-FM channel 13, in addition to VHF-FM channel 16, when operating within U.S. territorial waters. Note that the letter “A” indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit side of an international duplex channel, and that operations are different than international operations on that channel. Some VHF transceivers are equipped with an International - U.S. switch for that purpose. “A” channels are generally only used in the United States, and use is normally not recognized or allowed outside the U.S. The letter “B” indicates simplex use of the coast station transmit side of an international duplex channel. The U.S. does not currently use “B” channels for simplex communications in this band.

16    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (249) as possible, a radar-reflecting device. If no special radar- For complete information on radio warnings and weather, reflecting device is aboard, an improvised device can be see Radio Navigational Aids, Pub. 117 and the National used. This should consist of metallic objects of irregular Weather Service publication Worldwide Marine shape. The more irregular the shape, the better will be the Radiofacsimile Broadcast Schedules. radar-reflective quality. For quick identification at night, (240) Radio navigational warning broadcasts are shine spotlights straight up. If aircraft are involved, once designed to provide the mariner with up-to-date marine you are identified, turn lights away so as not to blind information vital to safe navigation. There are three aircraft crew. types of broadcasts: coastal and local, long range and worldwide. (236) (241) Coastal and local warnings are generally restricted to ports, harbors and coastal waters, and involve items of Float Plan local interest. Usually, local or short-range warnings are (237) Small craft operators should prepare a float plan broadcast from a single coastal station, frequently by voice and also radiotelegraph, to assist small craft operators in before starting a trip and leave it ashore with a yacht club, the area. The information is often quite detailed. Foreign marina, friend or relative. It is advisable to regularly use area broadcasts are frequently in English as well as the a checking-in procedure by radio or telephone for each native language. In the United States, short-range radio point specified in the float plan. A float plan is vital for navigational warnings are broadcast by the U.S. Coast determining if a boat is overdue and will assist in locating Guard Districts via NAVTEX and subordinate coastal a missing vessel in the event search and rescue operations radio stations. become necessary. (242) Long range warnings are intended primarily to assist mariners on the high seas by promulgating navigational (238) safety information concerning port and harbor approaches, coastlines and major ocean areas. Long-range radio NAVIGATIONAL WARNINGS, INFORMATION AND navigational warnings are usually broadcast by means of WEATHER (239) Marine radio warnings and weather are disseminated bymanysourcesandthroughseveraltypesoftransmissions.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    17 radiotelegraphy, and in many instances by radio- who do not have VHF radios tunable to the U.S. Channel teletypewriter. A NAVAREA system of navigational 22A are urged to obtain the necessary equipment. warning areas has been developed providing worldwide coverage using standard format and procedures. The U.S. (252) participates as Area Coordinator for both NAVAREA IV (Western North Atlantic) and NAVAREA XII (Eastern NOAA Weather Radio Broadcasts North Pacific). (253) NOAA Weather Radio provides continuous (244) TheUnitedStatesalsomaintainsworldwidecoverage using the HYDROLANT/HYDROPAC Navigational broadcasts of the latest weather information directly Warning System outside of NAVAREAs IV and XII. from National Weather Service (NWS) offices. In addition to general weather information, marine weather (245) is provided by stations along the sea coasts and the Great Lakes. During severe weather, NWS forecasters NAVTEX can interrupt the regular broadcasts and substitute special (246) NAVTEX is a standard international method of warning messages. The stations operate 24 hours daily and messages are repeated every 4 to 6 minutes and are broadcasting notices to mariners and marine weather routinely revised every 1 to 3 hours or more frequently forecasts using small, low cost receivers designed to be if necessary. The broadcasts are made on seven VHF-FM installed in the pilothouse of a vessel. NAVTEX receivers frequencies, 162.40 to 162.55 MHz. The 162.475 MHz screen incoming messages, inhibiting those, which had frequency is only used in special cases where needed to been previously received or are of a category not of interest avoid channel interference. They can usually be heard as to the user, and print the rest on adding machine size far as 40 miles from the antenna site, sometimes more. paper. NAVTEX not only provides marine information The effective range depends on many factors, including previously available only to those knowledgeable in the height of the broadcast antenna, terrain, quality of the Morse code, but also allows any mariner who cannot receiver and the type of receiving antenna. As a general man a radio full time to receive safety information at any rule, listeners close to or perhaps beyond the 40 mile hour. All NAVTEX transmissions are made on 518 kHz. range should have a good quality receiver system to get Mariners who do not have NAVTEX receivers but have reliable reception. (See Appendix A for a list of these SITOR radio equipment can also receive these broadcasts stations in the area covered by this Coast Pilot.) by operating it in the FEC mode and tuning to 518 kHz. (247) Information broadcast over NAVTEX include (254) offshore weather forecasts, offshore marine advisory warnings, search and rescue information, and navigational Commercial Maritime Coast Stations and Weather information that applies to waters from the line of Nets demarcation (separating Inland Rules from COLREG (255) Commercial maritime coast stations, which provide Rule waters) to 200 miles offshore. Navigational communications services, broadcast weather information information that affects the safety of navigation of deep to ships at sea as a public service, or make forecast draft (15 feet or more) vessels within the U.S. Inland information available on demand, either free or for a Rules waters will also be included. Gulf Stream location nominal fee. These transmissions are most commonly is also included from Miami and Portsmouth. Coastal performed using HF SITOR and Pactor/E-Mail, however, and high seas weather forecasts are not being broadcast several of these stations also offer services via Inmarsat over NAVTEX. The Safety of Life at Sea Convention, satellite and other means. as amended in 1988, requires vessels regulated by that (256) There are also a number of maritime weather nets convention to carry NAVTEX receivers. operating on commercial marine VHF, MF and HF, (248) See Appendix A, U.S. NAVTEX Transmitting where weather information is exchanged. These nets are Stations, for a list of NAVTEX broadcast stations and extremely popular in areas of the world which have a large message content covered by this Coast Pilot. yachting population and where weather is dynamic, such as in the Caribbean and typically incorporate volunteers (250) ashore. (257) Information on commercial maritime coast stations, Broadcast Notice to Mariners including schedules and frequencies, is available in the (251) The U.S. Coast Guard broadcasts marine safety Radio Navigational Aids, Pub. 117. (See Appendix A, Radio Weather Broadcasts, for additional information.) information on VHF-FM Channel 22A (157.1 MHz). These safety broadcasts contain information such as (258) notices to mariners, storm warnings, distress warnings and other pertinent information that is vital for safe Standard Abbreviations for Broadcasts navigation. Following a preliminary call on VHF-FM (259) A listing of Standard Abbreviations for Textual Channel 16 (156.8 MHz), mariners are instructed to shift to VHF-FM Channel 22A simplex (157.1 MHz). Maritime Safety Broadcasts is contained in Appendix Operators of vessels who plan to transit U.S. waters and B. These abbreviations were jointly approved by the U.S. Coast Guard, National Weather Service, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. In addition to appearing in radio broadcasts of the U.S. Coast Guard

18    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   and National Weather Service, they appear in Notices these storms. Wrecks and submerged obstructions may to Mariners of the U.S. Coast Guard and National have been displaced from charted locations. Pipelines Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and in NAVTEX. may have become uncovered or moved. Mariners are urged to exercise extreme caution and are requested to (260) report aids to navigation discrepancies and hazards to navigation to the U.S. Coast Guard. Voluntary Observing Ship Program (VOS) (261) The Voluntary Observing Ship program is organized (268) for the purpose of obtaining weather and oceanographic Destructive Waves observations from moving ships. An international (269) Unusual sudden changes in water level can be program under World Meteorological Organization auspices, the VOS has over 5000 vessels participating caused by tsunamis or violent storms. These two types from 23 countries. Any vessel willing to take and transmit of destructive waves have become commonly known as observations in marine areas can join the program. tidal waves, a name which is technically incorrect as they Weather observations are essential to meteorologists are not the result of tide-producing forces. preparing weather forecasts for coastal, offshore and high (270) Tsunamis (seismic sea waves) are ocean waves seas areas. For more information on the VOS, including generated by any rapid large-scale disturbance of the sea a comprehensive observing handbook, visit http://vos. water. Most tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but noaa.gov/. they may also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, undersea slumps or meteor impacts. (262) (271) The waves radiate outward in all directions from the disturbance and can propagate across entire ocean National Institute of Standards and Technology basins. Tsunami waves are distinguished from ordinary (NIST) ocean waves by their great length between peaks, often (263) The National Institute of Standards and Technology exceeding 100 miles in the deep ocean, and by the long maintains the standards for time and frequency for most interval of time between these peaks, ranging from five users in the United States. NIST provides a variety of minutes to an hour. The speed at which tsunamis travel services designed to deliver time and frequency signals depends on the ocean depth. A tsunami can exceed 500 to the people who need them. The signals are broadcast knots in the deep ocean but slows to 20 or 30 knots in the via several mediums, including high and low frequency shallow water near land. In less than 24 hours, a tsunami radio, the Internet and telephone lines. Broadcasts of time can cross the entire Pacific Ocean. and frequency signals are made by stations operating in (272) In the deep ocean, a tsunami is barely noticeable and the part of the radio spectrum that is properly known as will only cause a small and slow rising and falling of the high frequency (HF), but is commonly called shortwave. sea surface as it passes. Only as it approaches land does Station WWV is located just north of Fort Collins, a tsunami become a hazard. As the tsunami approaches Colorado, and station WWVH is located on the island of land and shallow water, the waves slow down and become Kaua‘i, Hawaii. Both stations broadcast continuous time compressed, causing them to grow in height. In the best and frequency signals on 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 MHz; WWV of cases, the tsunami comes onshore like a quickly rising also broadcasts on 20 MHz. tide and causes a gentle flooding of low-lying coastal (264) NIST Time and Frequency Services, Special areas. In the worst of cases, a bore will form. Publication 432, gives a detailed description of the (273) A bore is a wall of turbulent water that can exceed signals and services offered by NIST, how they work several yards in height and can rush onshore with great and how you can use them. The publication is available destructive power. Behind the bore is a deep and fast- for download at http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/ moving flood that can pick up and sweep away almost generalpubs.cfm anything in its path. Minutes later, the water will drain away as the trough of the tsunami wave arrives, sometimes (265) exposing great patches of the sea floor, then the water will rush in again as before, causing additional damage. CAUTIONARY INFORMATION This destructive cycle may repeat many times before the hazard finally passes. Sometimes the first noticeable part (266) of the wave is the trough which causes a recession of the water from shore, and people who have gone out to Hurricanes and Tropical Storms investigate this unusual exposure of the beach have been (267) Hurricanes, tropical storms and other major storms engulfed by the oncoming crest. Such an unexplained withdrawal of the sea should be considered as nature’s may cause considerable damage to marine structures, aids warning of an approaching wave. to navigation and moored vessels, resulting in submerged (274) Tsunamis do not have a season and do not occur debris in unknown locations. Fixed aids to navigation regularly or frequently. Yet they pose a major threat to the may have been damaged or destroyed. Buoys may have coastal populations of the Pacific and other world oceans been moved from charted positions, damaged, sunk, extinguished or otherwise made inoperative. Mariners should not rely upon the position or operation of an aid to navigation. Charted soundings, channel depths and shoreline may not reflect actual conditions following

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    19 and seas. Nothing can be done to prevent them, but their (280) The combined effect of seiche and surge sometimes adverse impact can be reduced with proper planning. The makes it difficult to maintain a ship in its position alongside loss of life and property can be lessened if shipmasters a pier even though the water may appear to be completely and others acquaint themselves with the behavior of these undisturbed, and heavy mooring lines have been parted waves so that intelligent action can be taken when they repeatedly under such conditions. Pilots advise taut lines become imminent. to reduce the effect of the surge. (274) <Deleted Paragraph> (275) NOAA oversees the U.S. Tsunami Program with (280) <Deleted Paragraph> its mission to provide a 24-hour detection and warning system and increase public awareness about the threat of (281) tsunamis. The NOAA National Weather Service operates two tsunami warning centers The West Coast/Alaska Immersion Hypothermia Tsunami Warning Center in Palmer, Alaska (http:// (282) Immersion hypothermia is the loss of heat when a wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/), and the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in ‘Ewa Beach, Hawaii body is immersed in water. With few exceptions, humans (http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/index.php). These centers die if their core temperature of approximately 99.7° F continuously monitor data from seismological and tidal drops below 78.6° F. Cardiac arrest is the most common stations, evaluate earthquakes that have the potential to direct cause of death. During prolonged immersion, the generate tsunamis and disseminate tsunami information main threat to life is cold or cold and drowning combined. and warning bulletins to government authorities and the (283) public. (276) Atsunami warning is issued when a potential tsunami SURVIVAL TIME VERSUS WATER TEMPERATURE with significant inundation is imminent or expected. Warnings alert the public that widespread, dangerous Water Temperature Exhaustion or Expected Time of coastal flooding accompanied by powerful currents is (°F) Unconsciousness Survival possible and may continue for several hours after arrival of the initial wave. Warnings also alert emergency 32 15 minutes 15 to 45 minutes management officials to take action for the entire tsunami hazard zone. When a tsunami warning has been issued 32 to 41 15-30 minutes 30 to 90 minutes use a NOAA Weather Radio or stay tuned to a Coast Guard emergency frequency station, or a local radio or 41 to 50 30-60 minutes 1 to 3 hours television station for updated emergency information. 50 to 59 1-2 hours 1 to 6 hours (277) 59 to 68 2-7 hours 2 to 40 hours Storm surge (277) <Deleted Paragraph> 68 to 77 3-12 hours 3 hours to (278) A considerable rise or fall in the level of the sea indefinite 77 and above indefinite along a particular coast may result from strong winds indefinite and sharp change in barometric pressure. In cases where the water level is raised, higher waves can form with (284) The length of time that a human survives in water greater depth and the combination can be destructive to depends on the water temperature, and to a lesser extent, low regions, particularly at high stages of tide. Extreme on the person’s behavior and body type. The table below low levels can result in depths which are considerably shows approximate human survival time in the sea. less than those shown on nautical charts. This type of Body type can cause deviations, as small people become wave occurs especially in coastal regions bordering on hypothermic more rapidly than large people. The cooling shallow waters which are subject to tropical storms. rate can be slowed by the person’s behavior and insulated (279) <Deleted Paragraph> gear. The Heat Escape Lessening Posture (HELP) was (279) Seiche is a stationary vertical wave oscillation with developed for those in the water alone and the Huddle a period varying from a few minutes to an hour or more, for small groups. Both require a PFD (personal flotation but somewhat less than the tidal periods. It is usually device), or life preserver. HELP involves holding the arms attributed to external forces such as strong winds, changes close to the body, keeping the thighs together, and raising in barometric pressure, swells, or tsunamis disturbing the the knees to protect the groin area. In the Huddle, people equilibrium of the water surface. Seiche is found both face each other and keep their bodies as close together in enclosed bodies of water and superimposed upon the as possible. These positions improve survival time to tides of the open ocean. When the external forces cause approximately two times that of a swimmer and one and a short-period horizontal oscillation on the water, it is a half times that of a person in the passive position. called surge. (285) Near-drowning victims in cold water (less than 70° F) are revivable for much longer periods than usual. Keys to a successful revival are immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and administration of pure oxygen. Total re-warming is not necessary at first. The whole revival process may take hours and require medical help. (286) Wind Chill and Frostbite (287) When the body is warmer than its surroundings, it begins to lose heat. The rate of loss depends on barriers such as clothing and insulation, the speed of air movement

20    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   and air temperature. Heat loss increases dramatically in designated as NDZs by States and EPA include: the Great moving air that is colder than skin temperature (91.4° Lakes and their connecting waterways, freshwater lakes F). Even a light wind increases heat loss, and a strong and impoundments accessible through locks, and other wind can lower the body temperature if the rate of loss is flowing waters that support interstate navigation by greater than the body’s heat replacement rate. vessels subject to regulation. (288) When skin temperature drops below 50° F, there is a (296) Inside No-Discharge Zone waters, discharge of marked constriction of blood vessels, leading to vascular any sewage, whether treated or untreated, is completely stagnation, oxygen want and cellular damage. The first prohibited. indication that something is wrong is a painful tingling. (297) Discharge of sewage in waters not designated as No- Swelling of varying extent follows, provided freezing has Discharge Zones is regulated by the Marine Sanitation not occurred. Excruciating pain may be felt if the skin Device Standard (see 40 CFR 140 in Chapter 2.) temperature is lowered rapidly, but freezing of localized (298) Additional information concerning the regulations portions of the skin may be painless when the rate of may be obtained from http://water.epa.gov/. change is slow. Possible effects of cold include cold allergy (welts), chilblains, which appear as reddened, (299) warm, itching, swollen patches on the fingers and toes, and trench foot and immersion foot, which present essentially Oil Spill Reporting the same picture. Both result from exposure to cold and (300) Reporting requirements for any oil discharge, lack of circulation. Wetness can add to the problem as water and wind soften the tissues and accelerate heat loss. noxious liquid substance or harmful substance occurring (289) Frostbite usually begins when the skin temperature in waters under U.S. jurisdiction, are found in 33 CFR falls within the range of 14° to 4° F. Ice crystals form in 153, Subpart B (not in this Coast Pilot.) Any person in the tissues and small blood vessels. The rate of heat loss charge of a vessel or an onshore/offshore facility shall, as determines the rate of freezing, which is accelerated by soon as they have knowledge of any discharge of oil or wind, wetness, extreme cold and poor blood circulation. a hazardous substance, immediately notify the National Parts of the body susceptible to freezing are those with Response Center (NRC), NRC’s toll free telephone surfaces large in relation to their volume, such as toes, number is 800–424–8802, fax number is 202–372–2920. fingers, ears, nose, chin and cheeks. (301) If direct reporting to the NRC is not practicable, (290) <Deleted Paragraph> notice of discharge may be made to the Coast Guard or (290) Injuries from the cold may, to a large extent, be EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) for the geographic prevented by maintaining natural warmth through the area where the discharge occurs. All such reports shall be use of proper footgear and adequate, dry clothing, by promptly relayed to the NRC. If it is not possible to notify avoiding cramped positions and constricting clothing and the NRC or the OSC immediately, reports may be made by active exercise of the hands, legs and feet. immediately to the nearest Coast Guard unit, provided (291) <Deleted Paragraph> that the person in charge of the vessel or onshore/offshore facility notifies the NRC as soon as possible. Any person (291) who fails to notify the appropriate agency of the United States Government immediately of a discharge is, upon MARINE POLLUTION conviction, fined in accordance with 18 U.S. Code, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both (33 CFR 153.205). (292) (302) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Clean Ocean Dumping Water Act (293) <Deleted Paragraph> (303) The Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries (293) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) Act of 1972, as amended (33 USC 1401 et seq.), or Clean Water Act (CWA) was passed to restore and regulates the dumping of all material, except fish waste, maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity into ocean waters. Radiological, chemical and biological of our nation’s waters. warfare agents and other high level radioactive wastes are expressly banned from ocean disposal. The U.S. (294) Army Corps of Engineers issues permits for the disposal of dredged spoils; the Environmental Protection Agency No-Discharge Zones is authorized to issue permits for all other dumping (295) Section 312 of the FWPCA gives the Environmental activities. Surveillance and enforcement to prevent unlawful transportation of material for dumping or Protection Agency (EPA) and States the authority to unlawful dumping under the Act has been assigned to designate certain areas as No-Discharge Zones (NDZ) for the U.S. Coast Guard. The Act provides civil penalties vessel sewage. Freshwater lakes, freshwater reservoirs, of up to $50,000 and criminal penalties of up to $50,000 or other freshwater impoundments whose entrances and/or one year imprisonment. and exits prohibit traffic by regulated vessels (vessels with installed toilets) are, by regulation, NDZs. Rivers that do not support interstate navigation vessel traffic are also NDZs by regulation. Water bodies that can be

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    21 (304) (315) SELECT NAVIGATION RULES REGULATED WATERS (305) (316) Improper use of searchlights Traffic Separation Schemes (Traffic Lanes) (306) <Deleted Paragraph> (306) No person shall flash or cause to be flashed the (317) To increase the safety of navigation, particularly in converging areas of high traffic density, routes rays of a searchlight or other blinding light onto the incorporating traffic separation have been adopted by bridge or into the pilothouse of any vessel underway. the IMO in certain areas of the world. In the interest of The International Code Signal “PG2” may be made by safe navigation, it is recommended that through traffic a vessel inconvenienced by the glare of a searchlight in use these schemes, as far as circumstances permit, by day order to apprise the offending vessel of the fact. and by night and in all weather conditions. (307) <Deleted Paragraph> (318) An area to be avoided (ATBA) is a routing measure (307) comprising an area within defined limits, in which either navigation is particularly hazardous or it is exceptionally Use of Radar important to avoid casualties, and which should be (308) Navigation Rules, International-Inland, Rule 7, avoided by all ships, or certain classes of ships. states, in part, that every vessel shall use all available (319) The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and recognized as the only international body responsible conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there for establishing and recommending measures on an is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist. Proper use international level concerning ships’ routing. In deciding shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, whether or not to adopt or amend a traffic separation including long-range scanning to obtain early warning scheme, IMO will consider whether the scheme complies of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent with the design criteria for traffic separation schemes systematic observation of detected objects. and with the established methods of routing. IMO also (308) <Deleted Paragraph> considers whether the aids to navigation proposed will (309) This rule places an additional responsibility on enable mariners to determine their position with sufficient vessels which are equipped and manned to use radar to accuracy to navigate the scheme in accordance with do so while underway during periods of reduced visibility Rule 10 of the International Regulations for Preventing without in any way relieving commanding officers of Collisions at Sea (72 COLREGS). the responsibility of carrying out normal precautionary measures. (320) General principles for navigation in Traffic (310) Navigation Rules, International-Inland, Rules 6, 7, Separation Schemes are as follows: 8, and 19 apply to the use of radar. (321) 1. A ship navigating in or near a traffic separation (311) scheme adopted by IMO shall in particular comply with Rule 10 of the 72 COLREGS to minimize the Danger signal development of risk of collisions with another ship. The (312) Navigation Rules, International-Inland, Rule 34(d), other rules of the 72 COLREGS apply in all respects, and particularly the steering and sailing rules if risk of states that when vessels in sight of one another are collision with another ship is deemed to exist. approaching each other and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, (322) 2. Traffic separation schemes are intended for use by or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken day and by night in all weather, ice-free waters or under by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall light ice conditions where no extraordinary maneuvers or immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five assistance by icebreaker(s) is required. short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least five short and (323) 3. Traffic separation schemes are recommended for rapid flashes. use by all ships unless stated otherwise. Bearing in mind the need for adequate underkeel clearance, a decision to (313) use a traffic separation scheme must take into account the charted depth, the possibility of changes in the Narrow channels seabed since the time of last survey, and the effects of (314) Navigation Rules, International-Inland, Rule 9(b) meteorological and tidal conditions on water depths. states: A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing (324) 4. A deep water route is an allied routing measure vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel that can primarily intended for use by ships which require the use safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway. of such a route because of their draft in relation to the available depth of water in the area concerned. Through traffic to which the above consideration does not apply should, if practicable, avoid following deep water routes. When using a deep water route mariners should be aware

22    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (370) Contiguous 1 nautical mile (nm) = 1852 meters Territorial Zone The High Seas Water column beyond national jurisdiction Sea Limited Baseline To outer edge of continental margin enforcement up to a maximum of 350nm from the 3nm TSB of 100nm beyond the 2,500m 12nm zone 24nm 200nm isobath, whichever is greatest Territorial Exclusive Economic Zone The Area State/ Sea Sovereign rights for exploring, exploiting, conserving and managing living and Territory non-living resources of the water column and Coastal Waters underlying continental shelf Sovereignty extends Continental Shelf to the air space, water column, seabed and subsoil allowing for the right of innocent passage To 200nm inherent sovereign rights for Beyond 200nm Seabed and subsoil non-living exploring and exploiting non-living submission required resources administered by the resources of seabed and subsoil, to the Commission International Seabed Authority plus sedentary species on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to confirm rights Scale of Rights Sovereign Sovereign rights to the water Sovereign rights to No national rights Territory column and continental shelf the continental shelf 09-3603-1 Figure 1: Offshore extent of the maritime zones recognized under international law of possible changes in the indicated depth of water due (331) 10. The IMO approved routing measures which to meteorological or other effects. affect shipping in or near U.S. waters are: (325) 5. The arrows printed on charts merely indicate the general direction of traffic; ships should not set their (332) courses strictly along the arrows. (326) 6. Vessels should, so far as practicable, keep clear of Traffic Separation Schemes a traffic separation line or separation zone. (333) In the approaches to Portland, ME (327) 7. Vessels should avoid anchoring in a traffic (334) In the approaches to Boston, MA separation scheme or in the area near its termination. (335) In the approaches to Narragansett Bay, RI and (328) 8. The signal “YG” meaning “You appear not to be complying with the traffic separation scheme” is provided Buzzards Bay, MA in the International Code of Signals for appropriate use. (336) Off New York (329) Note–Several governments administering Traffic (337) Off Delaware Bay Separation Schemes have expressed their concern (338) In the approaches to the Chesapeake Bay, including to IMO about the large number of infringements of Rule 10 of the 72 COLREGS and the dangers of such a deep water route contraventions to personnel, vessels and environment. (339) In the approaches to the Cape Fear River Several governments have initiated surveillance of traffic (340) In the approaches to Galveston Bay separation schemes for which they are responsible and (341) Off San Francisco are providing documented reports of vessel violations (342) In the Santa Barbara Channel to flag states. As in the past, the U.S. Coast Guard will (343) In the approaches to Los Angeles/Long Beach investigate these reports and take appropriate action. (344) In the Strait of Juan de Fuca and its approaches Mariners are urged to comply at all times with the 72 (345) In Puget Sound and its approaches COLREGS. (346) In Haro Strait, Boundary Pass and the Strait of (330) 9. Notice of temporary adjustments to traffic separationschemesforemergenciesorforaccommodation Georgia of activities which would otherwise contravene Rule (347) In Prince William Sound, AK 10 or obstruct navigation may be made in Notices to Mariners. Temporary adjustments may be in the form of (348) a precautionary area within a traffic lane, or a shift in the location of a lane. Areas to Be Avoided (349) In the region of Nantucket Shoals (350) In the vicinity of Northeast Gateway Energy Bridge Deepwater Port (351) In the Great South Channel (352) Off the Florida Coast (adjacent to the Florida Keys) (353) At Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) in the Gulf of Mexico

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    23 (354) Off the California Coast (In the region of the Channel Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands) any other territory or possession over which the United States exercises sovereignty. (Presidential Proclamation (355) Off the Washington Coast No. 5928. December 27, 1988.) The United States (356) In the region of the Northwest Hawai‘ian Islands exercises sovereignty over the territorial sea that extends to the airspace over the area, and to the bed and subsoil. (357) Under customary international law as reflected in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the No Anchoring Areas Sea (UNCLOS), the territorial sea of the United States (358) In the vicinity of Northeast Gateway Energy Bridge extends to 12 nautical miles (nm) from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured; Deepwater Port determined in accordance with international law except (359) In the vicinity of Neptune Deepwater Port as otherwise established in a maritime boundary treaty (360) Flower Garden Banks of the United States. While the United States may adopt (361) Tortugas Ecological Reserve and the Tortugas Bank certain laws and regulations, vessels of all countries navigating through the territorial sea enjoy the right of in the Florida Keys innocent passage; vessels and aircraft of all countries (362) West Cameron area of Northwestern Gulf of Mexico enjoy the right of transit passage through international (363) <Deleted Paragraph> straits. (363) (375) Recommended Tracks Contiguous Zone (364) Off the California Coast (off Monterey Bay for (376) The contiguous zone of the United States is a vessels 300 gross tons or more and vessels carrying zone measured 24 nm from the territorial sea baseline hazardous cargo in bulk) and is contiguous to the territorial sea of the United States, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, (365) Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Two-way Route any other territory or possession over which the United (366) In the Strait of Juan de Fuca States exercises sovereignty. (Presidential Proclamation (367) When approved or established, traffic separation No. 7219. August 2, 1999.) Under customary law as reflected in UNCLOS, the U.S. may exercise the control scheme details are announced in Notice to Mariners, and necessary to prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, later depicted on appropriate charts and included in the immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its U.S. Coast Pilot. territory or territorial sea, and to punish infringement of these laws and regulations committed within its territory (368) or territorial sea. The United States may also prescribe and enforce laws against foreign flagged vessels and Maritime Zones nationals to protect the underwater cultural heritage to (369) The maritime zones recognized under international the outer boundary of the contiguous zone (24 nm). law include: internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous (377) zone, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, the high seas and the Area (see Figure 1). The following Exclusive Economic Zone zones are depicted on NOAA's nautical charts: internal (378) The exclusive economic zone of the United States waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive economic zone. The limits of these zones are subject to extends no more than 200 nm from the territorial sea modification as depicted on future charts; limits shown baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nm territorial sea of the on the most recent chart edition take precedence. United States, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, (371) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the United Internal Waters States exercises sovereignty. (Presidential Proclamation (372) Internal waters are the waters (harbors, bays, and No. 5030 of March 10, 1983 and Federal Register, volume 60 - number 163, August 23, 1995, “Exclusive Economic rivers) on the landward side of the baseline from which Zone and Maritime Boundaries: Notice of Limits”) As the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. The United such, the exclusive economic zone overlaps the 12 nm - States has full sovereignty over its internal waters and 24 nm contiguous zone. ports as if they were part of its land territory. NOAA's (379) Within the EEZ, the U.S. has (a) sovereign rights nautical charts depict the baseline from which the limits for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving of the U.S. territorial sea, contiguous zone, and exclusive and managing natural resources, whether living and economic zone are measured as well as the Three Nautical Mile Line and Natural Resources Boundary, as described below. (373) Territorial Sea (374) The territorial sea of the United States extends beyond the land territory and internal waters, and also includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the

24    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   nonliving, of the seabed and subsoil and the superjacent anchoring, fishing and non-consumptive activities. MPAs waters and with regard to other activities for the are managed by dozens of Federal, state, tribal and local economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such authorities. For detailed information on MPA locations, as the production of energy from the water, currents and types, interactive map, purposes and legal restrictions, winds; (b) jurisdiction as provided for in international and visit http://mpa.gov/. domestic laws with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures, marine (390) scientific research, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment; and (c) other rights and duties Archaeological Resource Preservation provided for under international and domestic laws. (391) Under Federal and State laws it is illegal to destroy, (380) Note: In certain U.S. fisheries laws, the term “exclusive economic zone” (“EEZ”) is used. While its deface, collect, transport, sell or trade archaeological, outer limit is the same as the EEZ on NOAA charts, the cultural, submerged and historic resources without inner limit generally extends landward to the seaward authorization.Applicable laws include, but are not limited boundary of the coastal states of the U.S. to, the Historic Sites Act, the Archaeological Resource Protection Act, the National Historic Preservation Act, (381) the Abandoned Shipwreck Act, and the Sunken Military Craft Act. These laws protect archaeological resources on Three Nautical Mile Line lands administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish (382) The Three Nautical Mile Line, as measured from the and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, and National Marine Sanctuaries as well as State, private and territorial sea baseline and previously identified as the Native lands. For further information, consult individual outer limit of the U.S. territorial sea, is retained on charts state archaeology offices at http://www.uiowa.edu/~osa/ because it continues to be used in certain federal laws. nasa/. (383) Note: Since the “coast line,” a term used in the Submerged Lands Act, and the baseline are determined (392) using the same criteria under international law, the Three Nautical Mile Line is generally the same as the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE seaward boundary of states under the Submerged Lands Act. There are exceptions; therefore, the Three Nautical (393) Mile Line does not necessarily depict the seaward limit of states under the Submerged Lands Act. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (383) <Deleted Paragraph> (394) The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is (384) responsible for protecting the Nation’s animal population, food and fiber crops, and forests from invasion by Natural Resources Boundary foreign pests. They administer agricultural quarantine (385) The 9 nm Natural Resources Boundary is the and restrictive orders issued under authority provided in various acts of Congress. The regulations prohibit or seaward limit of the submerged lands of Puerto Rico, restrict the importation or interstate movement of live Texas, and the Gulf coast of Florida. It coincides with the animals, meats, animal products, plants, plant products, inner limit of the U.S. outer continental shelf under the soil, injurious insects, and associated items that may Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. introduce or spread plant pests and animal diseases which may be new to or not widely distributed within the United (386) States or its territories. Inspectors examine imports at ports of entry as well as the vessel, its stores, and crew Notification of Arrival and Vessel Response Plans or passenger baggage. (387) A Notification of Arrival (NOA) must be submitted (395) The Service also provides an inspection and certification service for exporters to assist them in by all U.S. and foreign vessels bound for or departing meeting the quarantine requirements of foreign countries. from ports or places in the United States. (See 33 CFR (See Appendix A for a list of ports where agricultural 160 – Subpart C, chapter 2). Additionally, tank vessels inspectors are located and inspections conducted.) and non-tank vessels are required to submit an oil spill response plan. (See 33 CFR 155 – Subparts D and J, not (396) contained in this Coast Pilot.) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (388) (397) Marine Protected Area (MPA) (389) Marine ProtectedAreas (MPAs) are particular places National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in ocean, coastal and estuarine ecosystems where vital (398) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric natural and cultural resources are given greater protection Administration (NOAA) conducts research and gathers than in surrounding waters. MPAs have been established data about the global oceans, atmosphere, space, and sun, in the U.S. for more than a century. Currently, there are and applies this knowledge to improve our understanding over 1,600 MPAs in U.S. marine waters and the Great and stewardship of the environment. Lakes, with levels of protection ranging from a few \"no- take\" areas that prohibit all extractive uses, to the more common multiple use areas that allow vessel access,

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    25 (399) NOAA provides services to the nation and the public (405) through five major organizations: the National Ocean Service, the National Weather Service, the National Port or Waterway Voice Access Phone Number Marine Fisheries Service, the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, and NOAA Anchorage, AK 907–428–4200 Research; and numerous special program units. In Charleston, SC 855–216–2137 addition, NOAA research and operational activities are Cherry Point, WA 888–817–7794 supported by the Nation’s seventh uniformed service, the Chesapeake Bay 866–247–6787 NOAA Corps, a commissioned officer corps of men and Columbia River, Lower 888–537–6787 women who operate NOAA ships and aircraft, and serve Delaware River and Bay 866–307–6787 in scientific and administrative positions. Houston/Galveston 866–447–6787 Humboldt Bay 855–876–5015 (400) Lake Charles 888–817–7692 Los Angeles/Long Beach National Ocean Service (NOS) Mississippi River not available (401) The National Ocean Service's primary concern is Mobile Bay, AL 888–817–7767 Narragansett Bay, RI 877–847–6787 the health and safety of our Nation's coastal and oceanic New Haven, CT 866–757–6787 environment. Within NOS, the Office of Coast Survey New London, CT 888–807–6787 is responsible for producing and maintaining the suite New York/New Jersey Harbor 855–626–0509 of over 1000 nautical charts, and the Coast Pilots that Pascagoula, MS 866–217–6787 cover the coastal waters of the U.S. and its territories. Sabine Neches 888–257–1857 Nautical charts are published primarily for the use San Francisco Bay 888–257–1859 of the mariner, but serve the public interest in many Soo Locks, MI 866–727–6787 other ways. Cartographers in Coast Survey receive and 301–713–9596 (toll) compile information from a variety of government and Tacoma, WA 888–607–6787 non-governmental sources for portrayal on nautical Tampa Bay, FL 866–827–6787 charts and the Coast Pilots. In addition, Coast Survey hydrographers, as well as private contractors, conduct (406) Tide Tables are computed annually by NOAA new surveys that are used to update these products. The and published in October for the upcoming year. These principal facilities of Coast Survey are located at NOAA tables include predicted times and heights of high and headquarters in Silver Spring, MD, Norfolk, VA (Marine low waters for every day in the year for a number of Operations Center Atlantic), and Seattle, WA (Western reference stations and differences for obtaining similar Regional Center). predictions for numerous other places. They also include (402) The Center for Operational Oceanographic other useful information such as a method of obtaining Products and Services (CO-OPS) collects and heights of tide at any time, local mean time of sunrise and distributes observations and predictions of water levels sunset for various latitudes, reduction of local mean time and currents to ensure safe, efficient and environmentally to standard time, and time of moonrise and moonset for sound maritime commerce. Users can find a variety of various ports. information, including water level, tidal predictions, observed water levels and currents data, tides online (407) Caution–When using the Tide Tables, slack water (including a listing of all water level stations currently in should not be confused with high or low water. For ocean storm surge mode), sea levels online, Great Lakes online, stations there is usually little difference between the time and PORTS at http://www.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov. of high or low water and the beginning of ebb or flood (403) PORTS® (Physical Oceanographic Real-Time currents; but for places in narrow channels, landlocked System) is a centralized data acquisition and dissemination harbors, or on tidal rivers, the time of slack current may system that provides real-time water levels, currents, and differ by several hours from the time of high or low water. other oceanographic and meteorological data from bays The relation of the times of high or low water to the and harbors. This information is provided via telephone turning of the current depends upon a number of factors, voice response (for most ports) and the Internet. Accurate so that no simple general rule can be given. (To obtain the real-time water level information allows U.S. port times of slack water, refer to the Tidal Current Tables.) authorities and maritime shippers to make sound decisions regarding loading of tonnage (based on available bottom (408) Tidal Current Tables for the coasts of the United clearance), maximizing loads, and limiting passage States are computed annually by NOAA and published times, without compromising safety. in October for the upcoming year. These tables include (404) There are PORTS in 22 areas of the United States. daily predictions of the times of slack water and the times The table below lists the ports and the telephone number and velocities of strength of flood and ebb currents for for voice access to the PORTS data. a number of waterways, together with differences for obtaining predictions for numerous other places. Also included is other useful information such as a method for obtaining the velocity of current at any time, duration of

26    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   slack, coastal tidal currents, wind currents, combination marine warnings and statements, radar summaries, marine of currents and current diagrams. Some information on observations, small-craft advisories, gale warnings, the Gulf Stream is included in the tables for the Atlantic storm warnings and various categories of tropical cyclone coast. warnings e.g., tropical depression, tropical storm and (409) NOAATide Tables and Tidal Current Tables for U.S. hurricane warnings. Specialized products such as coastal waters contain the text of all active Notice to Mariners flood, seiche, and tsunami warnings, heavy surf advisories, which affect the accuracy and use of tide and tidal current low water statements, ice forecasts and outlooks, and lake predictions they contain. (See Appendix A for list of shore warnings and statements are issued as necessary. NOAA Tide and Tidal Current Tables.) (For further information, go to http://www.weather.gov/ (410) Many local publishers and printers throughout the om/marine/home.htm.) country publish regional and localized tide and tidal (420) The principal means of disseminating marine current predictions in booklet, calendar and other formats. weather services and products in coastal areas is The data printed in these local and regional publications NOAA Weather Radio. This network of more than is, in many cases, obtained directly from NOAA. For 900 transmitters, covering all 50 states, adjacent coastal availability of localized prediction tables consult marinas waters, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the and marine supply companies in your area. U.S. Pacific Territories, is operated by the NWS and provides continuous broadcasts of weather information (411) for the general public. These broadcasts repeat recorded messages every 4 to 6 minutes. Messages are updated National Weather Service (NWS) periodically, usually every 2-3 hours and amended as required to include the latest information. When severe (412) weather threatens, routine transmissions are interrupted and the broadcast is devoted to emergency warnings. (See National Data Buoy Center Meteorological Buoys Appendix A for NOAA Weather Radio Stations covered (413) The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) deploys by this Coast Pilot.) (421) In coastal areas, the programming is tailored to the moored meteorological buoys which provide weather data needs of the marine community. Each coastal marine directly to the mariner as well as to marine forecasters. In forecast covers a specific area. For example, “Cape 1998, a disproportionate number of these buoys have had Henlopen to Virginia Beach, out 20 miles.” The broadcast mooring failures due to abrasion of the nylon mooring range is about 40 miles from the transmitting antenna site, line by trawls, tow lines, etc. depending on terrain and quality of the receiver used. (414) These buoys have a watch circle radius (WCR) of When transmitting antennas are on high ground, the range 2,000 to 4,000 yards from assigned position (AP). In is somewhat greater, reaching 60 miles or more. Some addition, any mooring in waters deeper than 1,000 feet receivers are equipped with a warning alert device that will have a floating “loop” or catenary that may be as can be turned on by means of a tone signal controlled little as 500 feet below the surface. This catenary could by the NWS office concerned. This signal is transmitted be anywhere within the buoy’s WCR. Any underwater for 13 seconds preceding an announcement of a severe activity within this radius may contact the mooring weather warning. causing a failure. (422) Marine weather warnings are displayed to small- (415) To avoid cutting or damaging a moor, mariners are craft operators and others within sight of the shore by the urged to exercise extreme caution when navigating in flags, pennants and lights of the Coastal Warning the vicinity of meteorological buoys and to remain well Display program. These displays are meant to warn the clear of the watch circle. If a mooring is accidentally public of approaching storm conditions and visually contacted or cut, please notify NDBC at 228–688–2835 communicate that citizens should take personal or 228–688–2436. responsibility for individual safety in the face of an (416) For further information relating to these buoys visit approaching storm. Anyone observing the signals http://seaboard.ndbc.noaa. displayed by the program is urged to tune to the National Weather Service radio broadcasts for the latest (417) information. (See National Weather Service Coastal Warning Displays illustration for additional Marine Weather Forecasts information.) (418) The National Weather Service provides marine (424) NWS marine weather products are also disseminated to marine users through the broadcast facilities of the weather forecasts and warnings for the U.S. coastal Coast Guard, Navy, and commercial marine radio stations. waters, the Great Lakes, offshore waters, and high seas Details on these broadcasts including times, frequencies, areas. Scheduled marine forecasts are issued four times and broadcast content are listed on the NWS internet site, daily from National Weather Service Offices with local Marine Product Dissemination Information, http:// areas of responsibility, around the United States, Guam, www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/home.htm. American Samoa, and Puerto Rico. (See Appendix A for National Weather Service Offices located in the area covered by this Coast Pilot.) (419) Typically, the forecasts contain information on wind speed and direction, wave heights, visibility, weather, and a general synopsis of weather patterns affecting the region. The forecasts are supplemented with special

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    27 (423) NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE COASTAL WARNING DISPLAYS DAYTIME SIGNALS SMALL CRAFT GALE STORM HURRICANE ADVISORY WARNING WARNING WARNING NIGHT (LIGHT) SIGNALS SMALL CRAFT GALE STORM HURRICANE ADVISORY WARNING WARNING WARNING SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY: An advisory issued by coastal and Great Hawaii (HI), Samoa – Sustained winds 25 knots or greater and seas 10 Lakes Weather Forecast Offices (WFO) for areas included in the feet or greater. Coastal Waters Forecast or Nearshore Marine Forecast (NSH) products. Thresholds governing the issuance of small craft advisories are specific Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands – Sustained winds 22 to 33 knots to geographic areas. A Small Craft Advisory may also be issued when and/or combined seas of 10 feet or more. “Frequent gusts”are typically sea or lake ice exists that could be hazardous to small boats. There is long duration conditions (greater than 2 hours). no precise definition of a small craft. Any vessel that may be adversely affected by Small Craft Advisory criteria should be considered a small For a list of NWS Weather Offices by Region, refer to the following web- craft. Other considerations include the experience of the vessel operator, site: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/organization.php and the type, overall size, and sea worthiness of the vessel. There is no legal definition of “small craft”. The Small Craft Advisory is an advisory in GALE WARNING: To indicate winds within the range 34 to 47 knots are Coastal Waters and Nearshore forecasts for sustained winds, frequent forecast for the area. gusts, or sea/wave conditions, exceeding defined thresholds specific to geographic areas. A Small Craft Advisory may also be issued when sea or STORM WARNING: To indicate winds 48 knots and above, no matter how lake ice exists that could be hazardous to small boats. high the speed, are forecast for the area. However, if the winds are associ- ated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane), the STORM WARNING indicates Eastern (ME to SC, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario) – Sustained winds or that winds within the range 48-63 knots are forecast. frequent gusts ranging between 25 and 33 knots (except 20 to 25 knots, lower threshold area dependent, to 33 knots for harbors, bays, etc.) and/or HURRICANE WARNING: Issued only in connection with a tropical seas or waves 5 to 7 feet and greater, area dependent. cyclone (hurricane) to indicate that winds 64 knots and above are forecast for the area. Central (MN to OH) – Sustained winds or frequent gusts (on the Great Lakes) between 22 and 33 knots inclusive, and/or seas or waves greater NOTE: A “HURRICANE WATCH” is an announcement issued by the than 4 feet. National Weather Service via press and television broadcasts whenever a tropical storm or hurricane becomes a threat to a coastal area. The “Hur- Southern (GA to TX and Caribbean) – Sustained winds of 20 to 33 knots, ricane Watch” announcement is not a warning, rather it indicates that the and/or forecast seas 7 feet or greater that are expected for more than 2 hurricane is near enough that everyone in the area covered by the “Watch” hours. should listen to their radios for subsequent advisories and be ready to take precautionary action in case hurricane warnings are issued. Western (WA..CA) - Sustained winds of 21 to 33 knots, potentially in com- bination with wave heights exceeding 10 feet (or wave steepness values NOTE: A SPECIAL MARINE WARNING is issued whenever a severe local exceeding local thresholds). storm or strong wind of brief duration is imminent and is not covered by ex- isting warnings or advisories. No visual displays will be used in connection Alaska (AK) – Sustained winds or frequent gusts of 23 to 33 knots. A with the Special Marine Warning Bulletin; boaters will be able to receive small craft advisory for rough seas may be issued for sea/wave conditions thesespecial warnings by keeping tuned to a NOAA Weather Radio station deemed locally significant, based on user needs, and should be no lower or to Coast Guard and commercial radio stations that transmit marine than 8 feet. weather information.

28    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   (425) Ships of all nations share equally in the effort to (431) report weather observations. These reports enable meteorologists to create a detailed picture of wind, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE wave, and weather patterns over the open waters that no other data source can provide and upon which marine (432) forecasts are based. The effectiveness and reliability of these forecasts and warnings plus other services to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) marine community are strongly linked to the observations (433) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency received from mariners. There is an especially urgent need for ship observations in the coastal waters, and the provides hydrographic, navigational, topographic, NWS asks that these be made and transmitted whenever and geodetic data, charts, maps, and related products possible. Many storms originate and intensify in coastal and services to the Armed Forces, other Federal areas. There may be a great difference in both wind Agencies, the Merchant Marine and mariners in general. direction and speed between the open sea, the offshore Publications include Sailing Directions, List of Lights, waters, and on the coast itself. Distances Between Ports, Radio Navigational Aids, International Code of Signals, American Practical (426) Information on how ships, commercial fishermen, Navigator (Bowditch), and Notice to Mariners. (See offshore industries, and others in the coastal zone National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Procurement may participate in the marine observation program Information in Appendix A.) is available from National Weather Service Port Meteorological Officers (PMOs). Port Meteorological (434) Officers are located in major U.S. port cities where they visit ships in port to assist masters and mates with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) weather observation program, provide instruction on the (435) The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has charge of interpretation of weather charts, calibrate barometers and other meteorological instruments, and discuss the improvement of the rivers and harbors of the United marine weather communications and marine weather States and of miscellaneous other civil works which requirements affecting the ships’ operations. (For further include the administration of certain Federal laws enacted information on the Voluntary Observing Ship Program for the protection and preservation of navigable waters and Port Meteorological Officers, go to http://www.vos. of the United States; the establishment of regulations noaa.gov.) for the use, administration, and navigation of navigable waters; the establishment of harbor lines; the removal (427) of sunken vessels obstructing or endangering navigation; and the granting of permits for structures or operations Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in navigable waters, and for discharges and deposits of (428) The Space Weather Prediction Center provides dredged and fill materials in these waters. (436) Restricted areas in most places are defined and real-time monitoring and forecasting of solar and regulations governing them are established by the U.S. geophysical events which impact satellites, power Army Corps of Engineers. The regulations are enforced grids, communications, navigation and many other by the authority designated in the regulations, and the technological systems. (See Space Weather Prediction areas are shown on the large-scale charts of NOS. Copies Center in Appendix A.) of the regulations may be obtained at the District offices of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The regulations (429) also are included in the appropriate Coast Pilot. (437) Information concerning the various ports, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Infor- improvements, channel depths, navigable waters, and the mation Service (NESDIS) condition of the Intracoastal Waterways in the areas under (430) Among its functions, NESDIS archives, processes, their jurisdiction may be obtained direct from the District and disseminates the non-realtime meteorological and Engineer Offices. (See Appendix A for addresses.) oceanographic data collected by government agencies (438) The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has general and private institutions. Marine weather observations are supervision of location, construction, and manner of collected from ships at sea on a voluntary basis.About one maintenance of all fishtraps, weirs, pounds, or other million observations are received annually at NESDIS’s fishing structures in the navigable waters of the United National Climatic Center. They come from vessels States. Where State and/or local controls are sufficient representing every maritime nation. These observations, to regulate these structures, including that they do along with land data, are returned to the mariners in not interfere with navigation, the U.S. Army Corps of the form of climatological summaries and atlases for Engineers leaves such regulation to the State or local coastal and ocean areas. They are available in such authority. (See 33 CFR 330 (not carried in this Pilot) NOAA publications as the U.S. Coast Pilot, Mariners for applicable Federal regulations.) Construction permits Weather Log, and Local Climatological Data, Annual issued by the Engineers specify the lights and signals Summary. They also appear in the National Geospatial- required for the safety of navigation. Intelligence Agency’s Pilot Chart Atlases and Sailing (439) Fish havens, artificial reefs constructed to attract Directions Planning Guides. fish, can be established in U.S. coastal waters only as

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    29 authorized by a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit; (whichever period of time is shorter) the occurrence of any the permit specifies the location, extent, and depth over death or ill person among passengers or crew (including these mounds of rubble. those who have disembarked or have been removed). The master of a vessel must report such occurrences (440) immediately by radio to the quarantine station at or nearest the port at which the vessel will arrive. U.S.Naval Observatory (450) In addition, the master of a vessel carrying 13 or (441) The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) more passengers must report by radio 24 hours before arrival the number of cases (including zero) of diarrhea provides a wide range of astronomical data and in passengers and crew recorded in the ship’s medical log products, and serves as the official source of time for during the current cruise. All cases that occur after the 24 the U.S. Department of Defense and a Standard of time hour report must also be reported not less than 4 hours for the entire United States. The USNO provides earth before arrival. orientation products such as the latest 24-hour and 48- (451) Ill person means person who: hour sets of GPS satellite orbits, the latest determinations (452) <Deleted Paragraph> and predictions for polar motion, and information for (452) 1. Has a temperature of 100°F (or 38°C) or greater, GPS users. The USNO also maintains a reference for accompanied by a rash, glandular swelling, or jaundice, precise time (USNO Master Clock) and monitors the GPS or which has persisted for more than 48 hours; or constellation. For extensive information on the USNO (453) 2. Has diarrhea, defined as the occurrence in a 24 products available, visit http://www.usno.navy.mil/ or hour period of three or more loose stools or of a greater contact by telephone at 202–762–1467. than normal (for the person) amount of loose stools. (454) <Deleted Paragraph> (442) (454) Vessels arriving at ports under control of the United States are subject to sanitary inspection to determine DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SER- whether measures should be applied to prevent the VICES introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable disease. (443) (455) Specific public health laws, regulations, policies, and procedures may be obtained by contacting U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Quarantine Stations, U.S. Consulates or the Chief (444) UndertheprovisionsoftheControlofCommunicable Program Operations, Division of Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333. (See Appendix Diseases Regulations (21 CFR 1240) and Interstate A for addresses of U.S. Public Health Service Quarantine Conveyance Sanitation Regulations (21 CFR 1250), Stations.) vessel companies operating in interstate traffic shall (456) <Deleted Paragraph> obtain potable water for drinking and culinary purposes only at watering points found acceptable to the Food and (456) Drug Administration. Water supplies used in watering point operations must also be inspected to determine DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY compliance with applicable Interstate Quarantine Regulations (42 CFR 72). These regulations are based (457) on authority contained in the Public Health Service Act (PL 78–410). Penalties for violation of any regulation U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services prescribed under authority of the Act are provided for (458) The Immigration and Naturalization Service under Section 368 (42 USC 271) of the Act. administers the laws relating to admission, exclusion, and (445) deportation of aliens, the registration and fingerprinting of aliens, and the naturalization of aliens lawfully resident Vessel Watering Points in the United States. (446) FDA annually publishes a list of Acceptable Vessel (459) The designated ports of entry for aliens are divided into three classes. Class A is for all aliens. Class B is only Watering Points. This list is available from most FDA for aliens who at the time of applying for admission are offices or from Interstate Travel Sanitation Subprogram lawfully in possession of valid resident aliens’ border- Center for Food Safety andApplied Nutrition, FDA(HFF- crossing identification cards or valid nonresident aliens’ 312), 200 C Street SW., Washington, DC 20204. Current border-crossing identification cards or are admissible status of watering points can be ascertained by contacting without documents under the documentary waivers any FDA office. (See Appendix A for addresses.) contained in 8 CFR 212.1(a). Class C is only for aliens who are arriving in the United States as crewmen as that (447) term is defined in Section 101(a) (10) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. (The term crewman means a person Public Health Service serving in any capacity on board a vessel or aircraft.) (448) The Public Health Service administers foreign quarantine procedures at U.S. ports of entry. (449) All vessels arriving in the United States are subject to public health inspection. Vessels subject to routine boarding for quarantine inspection are only those which have had on board during the 15 days preceding the date of expected arrival or during the period since departure

30    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1   No person may enter the United States until he has been (469) – certain activities of vessels in the fishing trade inspected by an immigration officer. A list of the offices (470) – regular and special tonnage taxes on vessels covered by this Coast Pilot is given in Appendix A. (471) – landing and delivery of foreign merchandise (460) (including unlading, appraisement, lighterage, drayage, U.S. Coast Guard warehousing, and shipment in bond) (461) The Coast Guard has among its duties the (472) – collection of customs duties, including duty on enforcement of the laws of the United States on the high seas and in coastal and inland waters of the U.S. and its imported pleasure boats and yachts and 50% duty on possessions; enforcement of navigation and neutrality laws and regulations; establishment and enforcement foreign repairs to American vessels engaged in trade of navigational regulations upon the Inland Waters of the United States, including the establishment of a (473) – customs treatment of sea and ship's stores while in demarcation line separating the high seas from waters port and the baggage of crewmen and passengers upon which U.S. navigational rules apply; administration of the Oil PollutionAct of 1990, as amended; establishment (474) – illegally imported merchandise and administration of vessel anchorages; approval of (475) – remission of penalties or forfeiture if customs or bridge locations and clearances over navigable waters; administration of the alteration of obstructive bridges; navigation laws have been violated. regulation of drawbridge operations; inspection of vessels of the Merchant Marine; admeasurement of vessels; (476) Customs and Border Protection also cooperates documentation of vessels; preparation and publication of with many other Federal agencies in the enforcement of merchant vessel registers; registration of stack insignia; port security; issuance of Merchant Marine licenses and statutes they are responsible for. Customs districts and documents; search and rescue operations; investigation of marine casualties and accidents, and suspension ports of entry, including customs stations, are listed in and revocation proceedings; destruction of derelicts; operation of aids to navigation; publication of Light Appendix A. Lists and Local Notices to Mariners; and operation of ice-breaking facilities. (477) The Customs and Border Protection office may (462) Documentation: Issuance of certificates of issue, without charge, a cruising license, normally valid registry (more commonly referred to as Certificates of Documentation) with endorsements indicating eligibility for one year, to a yacht of a foreign country which has of vessels that measure at least 5 net tons, to engage in various trades for commercial vessels and certain a reciprocal agreement with the United States. A foreign recreational vessels that are numbered either by the Coast Guard or by a State having an approved numbering system yacht holding a cruising license is exempt from having (the latter is the most common), and the administration of the various laws pertaining thereto, are functions of to undergo formal entry and clearance procedures such as the Coast Guard and specifically the National Vessel Documentation Center. Owners of vessels may obtain filing manifests and obtaining permits to proceed as well the necessary information from the National Vessel Documentation Center either by mail to the National as from payment of tonnage tax and entry and clearance Vessel Documentation Center, 792 T.J. Jackson Drive, Falling Waters, WV 25419-9502; via toll free number: fees at all but the first port of entry. These vessels shall 800–799–8362; or via the Internet: http://www.uscg.mil/ hq/cg5/nvdc. not engage in trade, violate the laws of the United States, (463) visit a vessel not yet inspected by a Customs Agent and U.S. Customs and Border Protection does, within 24 hours of arrival at each port or place (464) The U.S. Customs and Border Protection administers in the United States, report the fact of arrival to the certain laws relating to: (465) – entry and clearance of vessels and permits for nearest customhouse. Countries which have reciprocal certain vessel movements between points in the United agreements granting these privileges to U.S. yachts are: States (466) – prohibitions against coastwise transportation of (478) passengers and merchandise (467) – salvage Argentina Honduras (468) – dredging and towing by foreign vessels Australia Ireland Austria Italy Bahama Islands Jamaica Belguim Liberia Bermuda Marshall Islands Canada Netherlands Denmark New Zealand Finland Norway France Sweden Germany Switzerland Great Britain Turkey Greece (479) Further information concerning cruising licenses may be obtained from the headquarters port for the customs district in which the license is desired or at http://www.cbp.gov. U.S. yacht owners planning cruises to foreign ports may contact the nearest customs district headquarters as to customs requirements.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1    ¢    31 (480) (485) The letter should contain the name and address of the applicant; name and address of person or firm; the name ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) and usual location of the conveyance to be used in the transportation and dumping of the material involved; a (481) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency physical description where appropriate; and the quantity provides coordinated governmental action to assure the to be dumped and proposed dumping site. protection of the environment by abating and controlling pollution on a systematic basis. The ocean dumping (486) Everyone who writes EPA will be sent information permit program of the Environmental Protection Agency about a final application for a permit as soon as possible. provides that except when authorized by permit, the This final application is expected to include questions dumping of any material into the ocean is prohibited by about the description of the process or activity giving rise the “Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of to the production of the dumping material; information 1972, Public Law 92–532,” as amended (33 USC 1401 et on past activities of applicant or others with respect seq.). to the disposal of the type of material involved; and a description about available alternative means of disposal (482) Permits for the dumping of dredged material into of the material with explanations about why an alternative waters of the United States, including the territorial sea, is thought by the applicant to be inappropriate. and into ocean waters are issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Permits for the dumping of fill material into (487) waters of the United States, including the territorial sea, are also issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Permits for the dumping of other material in the territorial (FCC) sea and ocean waters are issued by the Environmental Protection Agency. (488) The Federal Communications Commission controls non-Government radio communications in the United (483) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulations relating States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. to the above are contained in 33 CFR 323 and 324; Commission inspectors have authority to board ships Environmental Protection Agency regulations are in 40 to determine whether their radio stations comply with CFR 220-229. (See Disposal Sites, this chapter.) international treaties, Federal Laws, and Commission regulations. The commission has field offices in the (484) Persons or organizations who want to file for an principal U.S. ports. (See Appendix A for addresses.) application for an ocean dumping permit should write Information concerning ship radio regulations and the Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office service documents may be obtained from the Federal for the region in which the port of departure is located. Communications Commission, Washington, DC 20554, (See Appendix A for addresses of regional offices and or from any of the field offices. States in the EPA coastal regions.)

32    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 1  

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    33 Navigation Regulations (1) This chapter contains extracts from Code of Federal In those regulations where the enforcing agency is not Regulations (CFR) that are of importance to mariners cited or is unclear, recommendations for changes should in the area covered by this Coast Pilot. Sections of little be directed to the following Federal agencies for action: value to the mariner are sometimes omitted. Omitted (29) U.S. Coast Guard: (33 CFR 26, 80, 110, 117, 157, sections are signified by the following [...] 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167 and 169); (30) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: (33 CFR 207 and (2) Extracts from the following titles are contained in 334); this chapter. (31) National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: (50 CFR (3) 222, 224 and 226). Title 33 (33 CFR): Navigation and Navigable Waters (32) (4) Part 26–Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone TITLE 33–NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WA- Regulations TERS (5) Part 80–COLREGS Demarcation Lines (6) Part 110–Anchorage Regulations (33) (7) Part 117–Drawbridge Operation Regulations (8) Part 157–Rules for the Protection of the Marine Part 26–Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotele- phone Regulations Environment relating to Tank Vessels Carrying Oil in Bulk (34) (9) Part 160–Ports and Waterways Safety-General (10) Part 161–Vessel Traffic Management §26.01 Purpose. (11) Part 162–Inland Waterways Navigation Regulations (35) (a) The purpose of this part is to implement the (12) Part 164–Navigation Safety Regulations (in part) (13) Part 165–Regulated Navigation Areas and Limited provisions of theVessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone Access Areas Act. This part– (14) Part 166–Shipping Safety Fairways (36) (1) Requires the use of the vessel bridge-to-bridge (15) Part 167–Offshore Traffic Separation Schemes radiotelephone; (16) Part 169–Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems (37) (2) Provides the Coast Guard’s interpretation of the (17) Part 207–Navigation Regulations meaning of important terms in the Act; (18) Part 334–Danger Zones and Restricted Area (38) (3) Prescribes the procedures for applying for an Regulations exemption from the Act and the regulations issued under the Act and a listing of exemptions. (19) (39) (b) Nothing in this part relieves any person from the obligation of complying with the rules of the road and the Title 40 (40 CFR): Protection of Environment applicable pilot rules. (20) Part 140–Marine Sanitation Device Standard (40) (21) §26.02 Definitions. Title 46 (46 CFR): Shipping (41) For the purpose of this part and interpreting the Act– (22) Part 15–Manning Requirements (42) Act means the “Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge (23) Radiotelephone Act”, 33 U.S.C. sections 1201–1208; (43) Length is measured from end to end over the deck Title 50 (50 CFR): Wildlife and Fisheries (24) Part 222–General Endangered and Threatened excluding sheer; (44) Power-driven vessel means any vessel propelled by Marine Species (25) Part 224–Endangered Marine and Anadromous machinery; and (45) Secretary means the Secretary of the Department in Species (26) Part 226–Designated Critical Habitat which the Coast Guard is operating; (46) Towing vessel means any commercial vessel engaged (27) in towing another vessel astern, alongside, or by pushing Note ahead. (28) These regulations can only be amended by the enforcing agency or other authority cited in the regulations. Accordingly, requests for changes to these regulations should be directed to the appropriate agency for action.

34    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (47) Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) means a service CFR 166.200, to mile 242.4 AHP (Above Head of Passes) implemented under Part 161 of this chapter by the United near Baton Rouge; States Coast Guard designed to improve the safety and (61) (2) The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet from the efficiency of vessel traffic and to protect the environment. territorial sea boundary, and within the Mississippi The VTS has the capability to interact with marine traffic River-Gulf outlet Safety Fairway specified in 33 CFR and respond to traffic situations developing in the VTS 166.200, to that channel’s junction with the Inner Harbor area. Navigation Canal; and (62) (3) The full length of the Inner Harbor Navigation (48) Vessel Traffic Service Area or VTS Area means the Canal from its junction with the Mississippi River to that geographical area encompassing a specific VTS area of canal’s entry to Lake Pontchartrain at the New Seabrook service as described in Part 161 of this chapter. This area vehicular bridge. of service may be subdivided into sectors for the purpose (63) (f) In addition to the radiotelephone required by of allocating responsibility to individual Vessel Traffic paragraph (b) of this section, each vessel described in Centers or to identify different operating requirements. paragraph (a) of this section while transiting any waters within a Vessel Traffic Service Area, must have on board (49) Note: Although regulatory jurisdiction is limited to a radiotelephone capable of transmitting and receiving the navigable waters of the United States, certain vessels on the VTS designated frequency in Table 161.12(c) will be encouraged or may be required, as a condition of (VTS and VMRS Centers, Call Signs/MMSI, Designated port entry, to report beyond this area to facilitate traffic Frequencies, and Monitoring Areas). management within the VTS area. (64) Note:Asingle VHF-FM radio capable of scanning or sequential monitoring (often referred to as “dual watch” (50) capability) will not meet the requirements for two radios. §26.03 Radiotelephone required. (65) (51) (a) Unless an exemption is granted under §26.09 and §26.04 Use of the designated frequency. except as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, this (66) (a) No person may use the frequency designated part applies to: (52) (1) Every power-driven vessel of 20 meters or over by the Federal Communications Commission under in length while navigating; section 8 of the Act, 33 U.S.C. 1207(a), to transmit any (53) (2) Every vessel of 100 gross tons and upward information other than information necessary for the safe carrying one or more passengers for hire while navigating; navigation of vessels or necessary tests. (54) (3) Every towing vessel of 26 feet or over in length (67) (b) Each person who is required to maintain a while navigating; and listening watch under section 5 of the Act shall, when (55) (4) Every dredge and floating plant engaged in or necessary, transmit and confirm, on the designated near a channel or fairway in operations likely to restrict or frequency, the intentions of his vessel and any other affect navigation of other vessels except for an unmanned information necessary for the safe navigation of vessels. or intermittently manned floating plant under the control (68) (c) Nothing in these regulations may be construed of a dredge. as prohibiting the use of the designated frequency to (56) (b) Every vessel, dredge, or floating plant described communicate with shore stations to obtain or furnish in paragraph (a) of this section must have a radiotelephone information necessary for the safe navigation of vessels. on board capable of operation from its navigational (69) (d) On the navigable waters of the United States, bridge, or in the case of a dredge, from its main control channel 13 (156.65 MHz) is the designated frequency station, and capable of transmitting and receiving on the required to be monitored in accordance with §26.05(a) frequency or frequencies within the 156-162 Mega-Hertz except that in the area prescribed in §26.03(e), channel band using the classes of emissions designated by the 67 (156.375 MHz) is the designated frequency. Federal Communications Commission for the exchange (70) (e) On those navigable waters of the United States of navigational information. within a VTS area, the designated VTS frequency is an (57) (c) The radiotelephone required by paragraph (b) additional designated frequency required to be monitored of this section must be carried on board the described in accordance with §26.05. vessels, dredges, and floating plants upon the navigable waters of the United States. (71) (58) (d) The radiotelephone required by paragraph (b) of this section must be capable of transmitting and receiving §26.05 Use of radiotelephone. on VHF-FM channel 22A (157.1 MHz). (72) Section 5 of the Act states that the radiotelephone (59) (e) While transiting any of the following waters, each vessel described in paragraph (a) of this section also must required by this Act is for the exclusive use of the master have on board a radiotelephone capable of transmitting or person in charge of the vessel, or the person designated and receiving on VHF-FM channel 67 (156.375 MHz): by the master or person in charge to pilot or direct the (60) (1) The lower Mississippi River from the territorial movement of the vessel, who shall maintain a listening sea boundary, and within either the Southwest Pass safety watch on the designated frequency. Nothing herein fairway or the South Pass safety fairway specified in 33 shall be interpreted as precluding the use of portable

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    35 radiotelephone equipment to satisfy the requirements of (86) (b) Each vessel navigating on the Great Lakes as this Act. defined in the Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980 (33 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) and to which the Vessel Bridge- (73) to-Bridge Radiotelephone Act (33 U.S.C. 1201–1208) applies is exempt from the requirements in 33 U.S.C. §26.06 Maintenance of radiotelephone; failure of 1203, 1204, and 1205 and the regulations under §§26.03, radiotelephone. 26.04, 26.05, 26.06, and 26.07. Each of these vessels and (74) Section 6 of the Act states– each person to whom 33 U.S.C. 1208(a) applies must (75) (a) Whenever radiotelephone capability is required comply with Articles VII, X, XI, XII, XIII, XV, and by this Act, a vessel’s radiotelephone equipment shall XVI and Technical Regulations 1-9 of “The Agreement be maintained in effective operating condition. If the Between the United States of America and Canada for radiotelephone equipment carried aboard a vessel ceases Promotion of Safety on the Great Lakes by Means of to operate, the master shall exercise due diligence to Radio, 1973.” restore it or cause it to be restored to effective operating condition at the earliest practicable time. The failure of (87) a vessel’s radiotelephone equipment shall not, in itself, constitute a violation of this Act, nor shall it obligate Part 80–COLREGS Demarcation Lines the master of any vessel to moor or anchor his vessel; however, the loss of radiotelephone capability shall be (88) given consideration in the navigation of the vessel. §80.01 General basis and purpose of demarcation (76) lines. (89) (a) The regulations in this part establish the lines §26.07 Communications. of demarcation delineating those waters upon which (77) No person may use the services of, and no person mariners shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (72 COLREGS) may serve as, a person required to maintain a listening and those waters upon which mariners shall comply with watch under section 5 of the Act, 33 U.S.C. 1204, unless the Inland Navigation Rules. the person can communicate in the English language. (90) (b) The waters inside of the lines are Inland Rules waters. The waters outside the lines are COLREGS (78) waters. (91) (c) Geographic coordinates expressed in terms of §26.08 Exemption procedures. latitude or longitude, or both, are not intended for plotting (79) (a) The Commandant has redelegated to the on maps or charts whose referenced horizontal datum is the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), unless Assistant Commandant for Marine Safety, Security such geographic coordinates are expressly labeled NAD and Environmental Protection, U.S. Coast Guard 83. Geographic coordinates without the NAD 83 reference Headquarters, with the reservation that this authority may be plotted on maps or charts referenced to NAD 83 shall not be further redelegated, the authority to grant only after application of the appropriate corrections that exemptions from provisions of the Vessel Bridge-to- are published on the particular map or chart being used. Bridge Radiotelephone Act and this part. (80) (b) Any person may petition for an exemption from (92) any provision of the Act or this part; (81) (c) Each petition must be submitted in writing §80.135 Hull, Mass. to Race Point, Mass. to Commandant (CG–DCO–D), Attn: Deputy for (93) (a) Except inside lines described in this section, the Operations Policy and Capabilities, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7318, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., 72 COLREGS apply on the harbors, bays, and inlets on Washington, DC 20593–7318, and must state: the east coast of Massachusetts from the easternmost (82) (1) The provisions of the Act or this part from which radio tower at Hull, charted in approximate position an exemption is requested; and latitude 42°16.7'N., longitude 70°52.6'W., to Race Point (83) (2) The reasons why marine navigation will not be on Cape Cod. adversely affected if the exemption is granted and if the (94) (b) A line drawn from Canal Breakwater Light 4 exemption relates to a local communication system how south to the shoreline. that system would fully comply with the intent of the concept of the Act but would not conform in detail if the (95) exemption is granted. §80.145 Race Point, Mass., to Watch Hill, R.I. (84) (96) (a) Except inside lines specifically described in this §26.09 List of exemptions. section, the 72 COLREGS shall apply on the sounds, (85) (a) All vessels navigating on those waters governed bays, harbors, and inlets along the coast of Cape Cod and the southern coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island by the navigation rules for Great Lakes and their from Race Point to Watch Hill. connecting and tributary waters (33 U.S.C. 241 et seq.) (97) (b)Aline drawn from Nobska Point Light toTarpaulin are exempt from the requirements of the Vessel Bridge- Cove Light on the southeastern side of Naushon Island; to-Bridge Radiotelephone Act and this part until May 6, 1975.

36    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   thence from the southernmost tangent of Naushon Island (119) to the easternmost extremity of Nashawena Island; thence from the southwesternmost extremity of Nashawena Part 110–Anchorage Regulations Island to the easternmost extremity of Cuttyhunk Island; thence from the southwestern tangent of Cuttyhunk Island (120) to the tower on Gooseberry Neck charted in approximate position 41°29.1'N., 71°02.3'W. §110.1 General. (98) (c) A line drawn from Sakonnet Breakwater Light (121) (a) The areas described in subpart A of this part are 2 tangent to the southernmost part of Sachuest Point charted in approximate position 41°28.5'N., 71°14.8'W. designated as special anchorage areas for the purposes of (99) (d) An east-west line drawn through Beavertail Light rule 30 (33 CFR 83.30) and rule 35 (33 CFR 83.35) of the between Brenton Point and the Boston Neck shoreline. Inland Navigation Rules, 33 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter E. Vessels of less than 20 meters in length; and barges, (100) canal boats, scows, or other nondescript craft, are not required to sound signals required by rule 35 of the Inland §80.150 Block Island, R.I. Navigation Rules. Vessels of less than 20 meters are not (101) The 72 COLREGS shall apply on the harbors of required to exhibit anchor lights or shapes required by rule 30 of the Inland Navigation Rules. Block Island. (122) (b) The anchorage grounds for vessels described in Subpart B of this part are established, and the rules and (102) regulations in relation thereto adopted, pursuant to the authority contained in section 7 of the act of March 4, §80.155 Watch Hill, R.I. to Montauk Point, N.Y. 1915, as amended (38 Stat. 1053; 33 U.S.C. 471). (103) (a) A line drawn from Watch Hill Light to East Point (123) (c) All bearings in the part are referred to true meridian. on Fishers Island. (124) (d) Geographic coordinates expressed in terms of (104) (b) A line drawn from Race Point to Race Rock latitude or longitude, or both, are not intended for plotting on maps or charts whose referenced horizontal datum is Light; thence to Little Gull Island Light thence to East the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), unless Point on Plum Island. such geographic coordinates are expressly labeled NAD (105) (c) A line drawn from Plum Island Harbor East 83. Geographic coordinates without the NAD 83 reference Dolphin Light to Plum Island Harbor West Dolphin may be plotted on maps or charts referenced to NAD 83 Light. only after application of the appropriate corrections that (106) (d) A line drawn from Plum Island Light to Orient are published on the particular map or chart being used. Point Light; thence to Orient Point. (107) (e) A line drawn from the lighthouse ruins at the (125) southwestern end of Long Beach Point to Cornelius Point. §110.1a Anchorages under Ports and Waterways (108) (f) A line drawn from Coecles Harbor Entrance Light Safety Act. to Sungic Point. (126) (a) The anchorages listed in this section are regulated (109) (g) A line drawn from Nicholl Point to Cedar Island under the Ports and Waterways Safety Act (33 U.S.C. Light. 1221 et seq.): (110) (h) A line drawn from Threemile Harbor West (127) (1) Section 110.155 Port of New York. Breakwater Light to Threemile Harbor East Breakwater (128) (2) [Reserved] Light. (129) (b) [Reserved] (111) (i) A line drawn from Montauk West Jetty Light 1 to Montauk East Jetty Light 2. (130) (112) Subpart A–Special Anchorage Areas §80.160 Montauk Point, N.Y. to Atlantic Beach, N.Y. (131) (113) (a) A line drawn from Shinnecock Inlet East §110.38 Edgartown Harbor, Mass. Breakwater Light to Shinnecock Inlet West Breakwater (132) An area in the inner harbor easterly of the project Light 1. (114) (b)Aline drawn from Moriches Inlet East Breakwater channel and south of Chappaquiddick Point bounded as Light to Moriches Inlet West Breakwater Light. follows: Beginning at (115) (c) A line drawn from the westernmost point on Fire (133) 41°23'19\"N., 70°30'32\"W.; thence along the shore to Island to the southernmost extremity of the spit of land (134) 41°22'52\"N., 70°30'12\"W.; thence at the western end of Oak Beach. (135) 287°30', 1,600 feet; thence (116) (d) A line drawn from Jones Inlet Light 322° true (136) 327°30', 700 feet; thence across the southwest tangent of the island on the north (137) 359°, 800 feet; thence side of Jones Inlet to the shoreline. (138) 024°15', approximately 900 feet to the point of beginning. (117) §80.165 New York Harbor. (118) A line drawn from East Rockaway Inlet Breakwater Light to Sandy Hook Light.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    37 (139) NOTE: The area is reserved for yachts and other thence 023° to the southwest corner of Anchorage small recreational craft. Fore and aft moorings and E; thence 081° following the southerly boundary of temporary floats or buoys for marking anchors in place Anchorage E to the shoreline; thence south along the will be allowed. All moorings shall be so placed that no shoreline to the east foot of the Goat Island Causeway vessel when anchored shall extend into waters beyond Bridge; thence west following Goat Island Causeway the limits of the area. Fixed mooring piles or stakes are Bridge to the shoreline of Goat Island; thence north prohibited. following the east shore of Goat Island to the point of beginning. (140) (167) §110.40 Silver Beach Harbor, North Falmouth, Mass. (141) All the waters of the harbor northward of the inner §110.47 Little Narragansett Bay,Watch Hill, R.I. (168) All of the navigable waters of Watch Hill Cove end of the entrance channel. southeasterly of a line beginning at the shore end of the (142) United States project groin on the southerly shore of the cove and running 41°30' true, to the northerly shore of §110.45 Onset Bay, Mass. the cove at a point about 200 feet west of the west side (143) Northerly of a line extending from the northernmost of the shore end of Meadow Lane, with the exception of a 100-foot wide channel running from the westerly end point of Onset Island to the easternmost point of Wickets of the cove in a southeasterly direction to the Watch Hill Island; easterly of a line extending from the easternmost Yacht Club pier, thence along in front of the piers on the point of Wickets Island to the southwest extremity of easterly side of the cove northerly to the shore at the north Point Independence; southerly of the shoreline; and end of the cove. westerly of the shore line and of a line bearing due north from the northernmost point of Onset Island. (169) (144) §110.48 Thompson Cove on east side of Pawcatuck River below Westerly, R.I. §110.45a Mattapoisett Harbor, Mattapoisett, Mass. (170) Eastward of a line extending from the channelward (145) (a) Area No. 1 beginning at a point on the shore at end of Thompson Dock at the northern end of Thompson (146) 41°39'23\"N., 70°48'50\"W.; thence 138.5°T. to Cove 184° to the shore at the southern end of Thompson (147) 41°38'45\"N., 70°48'02\"W.; thence 031°T. to Cove. (148) 41°39'02\"N., 70°47'48\"W.; thence along the shore (171) to the point of beginning. (149) (b) Area No. 2 beginning at a point on the shore at §110.50 Stonington Harbor, Conn. (150) 41°39'24\"N., 70°49'02\"W.; thence 142.5°T to (172) (a) Area No. 1. Beginning at the southeastern tip (151) 41°38'10\"N., 70°47'45\"W.; thence 219°T. to (152) 41°37'54\"N., 70°48'02\"W.; thence along the shore of Wamphassuc Point; thence to the northwesterly end of Stonington Inner Breakwater; thence along the to the point of beginning. breakwater to (153) NOTE: Administration of the Special Anchorage (173) 71°54'50.5\"W.; thence to (174) 41°20'25.3\"N., 71°54'50.5\"W.; thence to a point on Area is exercised by the Harbormaster, Town of the shoreline at Mattapoisett pursuant to a local ordinance. The town (175) 41°20'32\"N., 71°54'54.8\"W.; thence along the of Mattapoisett will install and maintain suitable shoreline to the point of beginning. navigational aids to mark the perimeter of the anchorage (176) (b) Area No. 2. Beginning at a point on the shoreline area. at (177) 41°19'55.8\"N., 71°54'28.9\"W.; thence to (154) (178) 41°19'55.8\"N., 71°54'37.1\"W.; thence to (179) 41°20'01.6\"N., 71°54'38.8\"W.; thence to §110.46 Newport Harbor, Newport, R.I. (180) 41°20'02.0\"N., 71°54'34.3\"W.; thence along the (155) (a) Area No. 1. The waters of Brenton Cove south of shoreline to the point of beginning. (181) (c) Area No. 3. Beginning at a point on the shoreline a line extending from at (156) 41°28'50\"N., 71°18'58\"W.; to (182) 41°20'29.5\"N., 71°54'43.0\"W.; thence to (157) 41°28'45\"N., 71°20'08\"W.; thence along the (183) 41°20'25.6\"N., 71°54'48.5\"W.; thence to (184) 41°20'10.7\"N., 71°54'48.5\"W.; thence to the shoreline to the point of beginning. shoreline at (158) (b) Area No. 2. The waters east of Goat Island (185) 41°20'10.7\"N.; thence along the shoreline to the point of beginning. beginning at a point bearing 090°, 245 yards from Goat (186) NOTE: A fixed mooring stake or pile is prohibited. Island Shoal Light; thence The General Statutes of the State of Connecticut (159) 007°, 505 yards; thence (160) 054°, 90 yards; thence (161) 086°, 330 yards; thence (162) 122°, 90 yards; thence (163) 179°, 290 yards; thence (164) 228°, 380 yards; thence (165) 270°, 250 yards to the point of beginning. (166) (c) Area No. 3. The waters north of Goat Island Causeway Bridge beginning at Newport Harbor Light;

38    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   authorizes the Harbor Master of Stonington to station and (212) (b) Area No. 2. Beginning at a point on the easterly control a vessel in the harbor. shore of Mumford Cove at (187) (213) 41°19'15.0\"N., 72°00'54.0\"W.; thence to (214) 41°19'14.5\"N., 72°00'59.0\"W.; thence to §110.50a Fishers Island Sound, Stonington, Conn. (215) 41°19'11.0\"N., 72°00'58.0\"W.; thence to (188) An area on the east side of Mason Island bounded as (216) 41°19'10.0\"N., 72°00'54.0\"W.; thence to (217) 41°19'12.5\"N., 72°00'52.0\"W.; thence to follows: (218) 41°19'14.0\"N., 72°00'55.0\"W.; and thence to the (189) Beginning at the shore line on the easterly side of point of beginning. Mason Island at (219) NOTE: The areas are principally for use by yachts (190) 41°20'06\"N.; thence due east about 600 feet to (191) 41°20'06\"N., 71°57'37\"W.; thence due south about and other recreational craft. Temporary floats or buoys for marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed mooring piles 2,400 feet to or stakes will be prohibited. The anchoring of vessels (192) 41°19'42\"N., 71°57'37\"W.; thence due west about and placing of temporary moorings will be under the jurisdiction, and at the discretion, of the local Harbor 1,000 feet to the shore line on the easterly side of Mason Master. Island at (193) 41°19'42\"N.; thence along the shore line to the point (220) of beginning. (194) NOTE: The area will be principally for use by yachts §110.50d Mystic Harbor, Noank, Conn. and other recreational craft. Temporary floats or buoys for (221) (a) The area comprises that portion of the harbor off marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed mooring piles or stakes will be prohibited. The anchoring of vessels the easterly side of Morgan Point beginning at a point at and the placing of temporary moorings will be under the (222) 41°19'15.0\"N., 71°59'13.5\"W.; thence to jurisdiction and the discretion of the local Harbor Master. (223) 41°19'15.0\"N., 71°59'00.0\"W.; thence to (224) 41°19'02.5\"N., 71°59'00.0\"W.; thence to (195) (225) 41°19'06.0\"N., 71°59'13.5\"W.; and thence to the §110.50b Mystic Harbor, Groton and Stonington, point of beginning. Conn. (226) (b) The following requirements shall govern this (196) (a) Area No. 1. Beginning at Ram Point on the westerly side of Mason Island at special anchorage area: (197) 41°19'44\"N., 71°58'42\"W.; thence to (227) (1) The area will be principally for use by yachts and (198) 41°19'30\"N., 71°58'43\"W.; thence to (199) 41°19'36\"N., 71°58'58\"W.; thence to other recreational craft. (200) 41°19'45\"N., 71°58'56\"W.; thence to the point of (228) (2) Temporary floats or buoys for marking anchors beginning. (201) (b) Area No. 2. Beginning at a point about 250 feet will be allowed but fixed piles or stakes are prohibited. southerly of Area 1 and on line with the easterly limit of All moorings shall be so placed that no vessel, when Area 1 at anchored, shall extend beyond the limits of the area. (202) 41°19'27\"N., 71°58'44\"W.; thence to (229) (3) The anchoring of vessels and the placing of (203) 41°19'19\"N., 71°58'45\"W.; thence to temporary moorings shall be under the jurisdiction and (204) 41°19'25\"N., 71°58'59\"W.; thence to at the discretion of the local harbor master, Noank, Conn. (205) 41°19'33\"N., 71°58'58\"W.; thence to the point of beginning. (230) (206) NOTE: The areas will be principally for use by yachts and other recreational craft. Temporary floats §110.51 Groton, Conn. or buoys for marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed (231) The waters between an unnamed cove and Pine mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. All moorings shall be so placed that no vessel, when anchored, shall at any Island. (a) Beginning at a point on the shoreline of Avery time extend beyond the limits of the areas. The anchoring Point at of vessels and the placing of temporary moorings will be (232) 41°19'01.4\"N., 72°03'42.8\"W.; thence to a point in under the jurisdiction and at the discretion of the local the cove at Harbor Master. (233) 41°19'02.5\"N., 72°03'36.2\"W.; thence southeasterly to a point at (207) (234) 41°18'56.2\"N., 72°03'34.2\"W.; thence northeasterly to §110.50c Mumford Cove, Groton, Conn. (235) 41°19'02.5\"N., 72°03'19.2\"W.; thence terminating (208) (a) Area No. 1. Beginning at a point on the easterly at the tip of Jupiter Point at (236) 41°19'04.4\"N., 72°03'19.7\"W. DATUM: NAD 83 shore of Mumford Cove at (237) (b) Beginning at a point on the shoreline of Pine (209) 41°19'36\"N., 72°01'06\"W.; to Island at (210) 41°19'30\"N., 72°01'04\"W.; thence to the shore at (238) 41°18'47.1\"N., 72°03'36.8\"W.; thence northerly to (211) 41°19'31\"N., 72°01'00\"W.; and thence along the (239) 41°18'54.1\"N., 72°03'35.4\"W.; thence northeasterly to a point at shoreline to the point of beginning. (240) 41°19'01.2\"N., 72°03'19.3\"W.; thence terminating at a point at

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    39 (241) 41°18'54.0\"N., 72°03'17.5\"W. DATUM NAD 83 (258) 41°18'50.7\"N., 72°11'51.5\"W.; thence to the shore at (242) NOTE: The areas designated by (a) and (b) are (259) 41°18'56.5\"N., 72°12'05.6\"W.; thence along the principally for the use of recreational vessels. Vessels shoreline to the point of beginning. shall be anchored so that no part of the vessel obstructs (260) NOTE: This area is for public use, principally for the 135 foot wide channel. Temporary floats or buoys for marking the location of the anchor of a vessel at vessels used for a recreational purpose. A temporary float anchor may be used. Fixed mooring pilings or stakes are or buoy for marking the location of the anchor of a vessel prohibited. at anchor may be used. Fixed mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. (243) (261) §110.52 Thames River, New London, Conn. (244) (a) Area No. 1. An area in the westerly part of Greens §110.54 Long Island Sound, on west side of en- trance to Pataguanset River, Conn. Harbor bounded as follows: Beginning at a point on the (262) An area east of Giants Neck (formerly known as shore 100 yards southeasterly of the southerly side of Grant Neck) described as follows: Beginning at a point Thames Street extended; thence 84°, 420 yards; thence bearing 156°, 425 yards; thence 240°, 210 yards to the shore; (263) 114°, 75 feet, from the outer end of the breakwater and thence northwesterly along the shore to the point of at the south end of Giants Neck; thence beginning. (264) 90°, 1,050 feet; thence (245) (b) Area No. 2. An area in the westerly part of Greens (265) 22°17'30\", 2,140 feet; thence Harbor bounded as follows: Beginning at a point on the (266) 283°27'15.5\", 240 feet; thence shore 15 yards southeasterly of the southerly side of (267) 220°36'39\", 1,252.6 feet; thence Converse Place extended; thence 54°, 170 yards; thence (268) 295°23'16.5\", 326.5 feet; thence 114°30', 550 yards; thence 266°30', 250 yards; thence (269) 269°02'42.6\", 240 feet; thence 234°, 230 yards, to the shore; and thence northwesterly (270) 261°46'50.9\", 181.9 feet; thence along the shore to the point of beginning. (271) 226°28'07.7\", 275.9 feet; thence (246) (c) Area No. 3. An area on the westerly side of the (272) 147°43'27.7\", 449.4 feet; thence Thames River in the vicinity of Jacobs Rock, the location (273) 238°01'35.8\", 379.6 feet; and thence approximately of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy Sailing Center, (274) 156°31'05.8\", 462.11 feet, to the point of beginning. bounded as follows: Beginning at the point on the shore where the north side of the Jacobs Rock causeway meets (275) the western shoreline; thence northerly along the western shore of the Thames River a distance of 200 yards; thence §110.55 Connecticut River, Conn. 090°, 240 yards; thence 180°, 200 yards to the Jacobs (276) (a) West of Calves Island at Old Saybrook. Beginning Rock causeway; thence westerly along the causeway to the point of beginning. at a point bearing (247) Note: The area designated by paragraph (c) of this (277) 254°09'16\", 153 yards, from Calves Island 20 Light; section is principally for the use of U.S. Coast Guard Academy and Academy-related boats. Temporary thence floats or buoys for marking anchors may be used. The (278) 157°, 1,037 yards; thence anchoring of vessels and the placing of moorings will be (279) 175°, 150 yards; thence under the jurisdiction and at the discretion of the Chief, (280) 265°, 250 yards; thence Waterfront Branch, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, New (281) 350°, 660 yards; thence London, Connecticut. (282) 337°, 460 yards; and thence approximately (248) (d) Area No. 4. An area in the western part of the (283) 67°, 135 yards, to the point of beginning. Thames River, north of the highway bridge, bounded (284) (a–1) Area No. 1, at Essex. Beginning at a point as follows: Beginning at a point 125 yards north of the highway bridge at on the shore on the west side of Haydens Point bearing (249) 41°21'56\"N., 72°05'32\"W.; thence easterly to approximately 211°, 270 yards, from Haydens Point (250) 41°21'56\"N., 72°05'27\"W.; thence northerly to Light; thence (251) 41°22'12\"N., 72°05'27\"W.; thence westerly to (285) 270°, 160 yards; thence (252) 41°22'12\"N., 72°05'47\"W.; thence southeasterly to (286) 000°, 140 yards; thence (253) 41°22'02\"N., 72°05'40\"W.; thence downriver along (287) 300°, 190 yards; thence the charted foul grounds to the point of beginning. (288) 330°, 400 yards; thence (289) 090°, 60 yards; thence (254) (290) 150°, 350 yards; thence (291) 120°, about 434 yards to a point on the shore; thence §110.53 Niantic, Conn. along the shore to the point of beginning. (255) Beginning on the shoreline at (292) (b) Area No. 2, at Essex. Beginning at (256) 41°18'25.3\"N., 72°12'16.3\"W.; thence to (293) 41°21'22\"N., 72°22'53\"W.; thence (257) 41°18'23.3\"N., 72°12'11.6\"W.; thence to (294) 205°30', 375 yards; thence (295) 194°31', 100 yards; thence (296) 185°00', 440 yards; thence (297) 153°30', 80 yards; thence

40    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (298) 121°00', 220 yards; thence (323) (e–2) Area No. 2 at Chester. That area south of (299) 000°00', approximately 1060 yards to the point of latitude 41°24'43.9\", west of longitude 72°25'35\", north of latitude 41°24'33.4\", and east of longitude 72°25'40.8\". beginning. (300) NOTE: The area will be principally for use by (324) NOTE: Area No. 2 may not be used during the shad fishing season, April 1 to June 15, inclusive. A mooring yachts and other recreational craft. Temporary floats buoy is permitted at other times. Fixed mooring piles or or buoys for marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed stakes are prohibited. mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. The anchoring of vessels and the placing of temporary moorings will be (325) (f) Vicinity of Mouse Island Bar below Portland. On under the jurisdiction and at the discretion of the local the north side of the river shoreward of lines described as Harbor Master. follows: (301) (c) West of Brockway Island at Essex. That portion of the waters northwest of a line ranging 238° from latitude (326) (1) Beginning at a point bearing 02°, 175 yards, 41°22'20.7\", longitude 72°22'49.8\" to the shoreline; from Mouse Island 73 Light; thence 270°, 480 yards; southwest of a line connecting a point at latitude and thence due north, approximately 230 yards, to the 41°22'20.7\", longitude 72°22'49.8\" and a point at latitude shore. 41°22'28.2\", longitude 72°22'56\"; and southeast of a line ranging 238° from latitude 41°22'28.2\", longitude (327) (2) Beginning at the said point bearing 02°, 175 72°22'56\" to the shoreline. yards, from Mouse Island 73 Light; thence 70°, 400 (302) NOTE: This area is principally for vessels used for a yards; and thence 350°, approximately 250 yards, to the recreational purpose. A mooring buoy is permitted. Fixed shore. mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. (303) (d) Area No. 1, at Eddy Rock Light. Beginning at (328) (g) Area at Portland. Beginning at a point on the (304) 41°26'38\"N., 72°27'37\"W.; to shore, about 700 feet southeasterly from the easterly end (305) 41°26'12\"N., 72°27'18\"W.; to of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (306) 41°26'11\"N., 72°27'22\"W.; to Company bridge at (307) 41°26'23\"N., 72°27'42\"W.; to (308) 41°26'36\"N., 72°27'43\"W.; thence extending to the (329) 41°33'55\", 72°38'43\"; thence 250° to point of beginning. (330) 41°33'54\", 72°38'46\"; thence 160° to (309) (e) Area No. 2, at Lord Island. Beginning at (331) 41°33'48\", 72°38'43\"; thence 145° to (310) 41°26'11\"N., 72°27'16\"W.; thence to (332) 41°33'44\", 72°38'39\"; thence 055° to a point on the (311) 41°26'03\"N., 72°27'02\"W.; thence to (312) 41°25'59\"N., 72°26'51\"W.; thence to shore at (313) 41°25'58\"N., 72°26'52\"W.; thence to (333) 41°33'47\", 72°38'32\"; thence along the shore to the (314) 41°26'05\"N., 72°27'11\"W.; thence to (315) 41°26'10\"N., 72°27'20\"W.; thence extending to the point of beginning. point of beginning. (334) NOTE: The area will be principally for use by (316) NOTE: The areas designated by paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section are principally for use by yachts and yachts and other recreational craft. Temporary floats other recreational craft. Fore and aft moorings will be or buoys for marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed allowed. Temporary floats or buoys for marking anchors mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. All moorings shall in place will be allowed. Fixed mooring piles or stakes are be so placed that no vessel, when anchored, shall at any prohibited. All moorings shall be so placed that no vessel, time extend beyond the limit of the area or closer than when anchored, shall at any time extend beyond the limits 50 feet to the Federal channel limit. The anchoring of of the areas. The anchoring of vessels and placing of vessels and the placing of temporary moorings will be mooring floats or buoys will be under the jurisdiction, under the jurisdiction, and at the discretion of the local and at the discretion of the local Harbor Master. Area 2 Harbor Master. will not be used during the shad fishing season. (317) (e–1) Area No. 1 at Chester. Beginning at a point (335) about 600 feet southeasterly of the entrance of Chester Creek, at §110.55a Five Mile River, Norwalk and Darien, Conn. (318) 41°24'23\"N., 72°25'41\"W.; to (336) The water area of the Five Mile River beginning (319) 41°24'05\"N., 72°25'41\"W.; to (320) 41°24'05\"N., 72°25'32\"W.; to at a point on the southeast shore of Butler Island at (321) 41°24'23\"N., 72°25'32\"W.; thence due west about 41°03'27.5\"N., 73°26'52\"W.; thence following the 600 feet to the point of beginning. shoreline northerly along the westerly side of Five Mile (322) NOTE: The area is principally for use by yachts and River to the highway bridge at Route 136 (White Bridge); other recreational craft.Amooring buoy is allowed. Fixed thence easterly along the southerly side of the highway mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. bridge to the easterly side of Five Mile River; thence following the shoreline southerly along the easterly side of Five Mile River to a point on the southwest shore at Rowayton at 41°03'30\"N., 73°26'47\"W., thence 242° to the point of beginning, except those areas within the designated project channel as shown by dotted lines on the Five Mile River on Chart No. 12368 (formerly C and GS Chart No. 221) issued by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    41 (337) NOTE: Under an Act of the Connecticut State (359) Legislature the harbor superintendent, appointed by the Five Mile River Commission, may control moorings and §110.59 Eastern Long Island, NY. navigation including preventing vessels from anchoring in the Federal project channel. (360) (a) Huntington Harbor. Beginning on the shoreline at 40°54'19.5\"N., 73°26'07.9\"W.; thence to 40°54'19.5\"N., (338) 73°26'02.4\"W.; thence along the eastern shoreline to the Mill Dam Road Bridge; thence along the downstream §110.56 Noroton Harbor, Darien, Conn. side of the bridge to the westerly side of Huntington (339) (a) Beginning at a point on the southwesterly side of Harbor; thence along the western shoreline to the point of beginning. Long Neck Point at (340) 41°02'10\"N., 73°28'44\"W.; thence northwesterly to (361) (b) Centerport Harbor. Beginning at the shoreline (341) 41°02'17\"N., 73°29'11\"W.; thence in a north- at 40°54'00\"N., 73°22'55.3\"W.; thence to 40°54'03.8\"N., 73°22'52.1\"W.; thence along the eastern shoreline to the northwesterly direction to the southeast side of Pratt Mill Dam Bridge; thence along the downstream side of the Island at bridge to the westerly side of Centerport Harbor; thence (342) 41°02'28\"N., 73°29'17\"W.; thence following the along the western shoreline to the point of beginning. shoreline around the easterly and northerly sides of Pratt Island, the westerly and northerly sides of Pratt (362) (c) Northport Harbor. Beginning on the shoreline at Cove, and the westerly side of the Darien River to the (363) 40°54′25″N., 73°22′05″W.; thence to causeway and dam at Gorham Pond on the north; thence (364) 40°54′37.5″N., 73°21′32.9″ W.; thence along the along the downstream side of the causeway and dam to the easterly side of the Darien River, thence along the eastern shoreline to easterly shoreline to the point of beginning. (365) 40°53′33.1″N., 73°21′28.2″W.; thence to (343) NOTE: An ordinance of the town of Darien, Conn. (366) 40°53′25.8″N., 73°21′37.7″W.; thence along the requires the Darien Harbor Master’s approval of the location and type of any mooring placed in this special shoreline to the point of beginning. anchorage area. (367) Note: The areas designated by paragraphs (a), (b), (344) and (c) of this section are principally for vessels used for a recreational purpose. A vessel shall be anchored §110.58 Cos Cob Harbor, Greenwich, Conn. so that no part of the vessel comes within 50 feet of the (345) (a) Area A. Beginning at the mean low water line marked channel. A temporary float or buoy for marking the location of the anchor of a vessel at anchor may be about 2,800 feet downstream from the easterly end of the used. Fixed mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Bridge at (368) (d) Cold Spring Harbor. That portion of the waters (346) 41°01'23\"N., 73°35'40\"W.; thence to of Cold Spring Harbor easterly of a line ranging from (347) 41°01'23\"N., 73°35'42\"W.; thence to the cupola in the extreme inner harbor through Cold (348) 41°01'02\"N., 73°35'50\"W.; thence to Spring Harbor Light; southerly of a line ranging from (349) 41°01'02\"N., 73°35'48\"W.; thence extending along the southernmost point of an L-shaped pier off Wawepex the mean low water line to the point of beginning. Grove through the Clock Tower at Laurelton and northerly (350) (b) Area B. Beginning at the mean low water line of a line ranging from the outer end of the Socony Mobil about 700 feet downstream from the westerly end of the Oil Company’s pier at Cold Spring Harbor through the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Bridge at Clock Tower at Laurelton, with the exception of an area (351) 41°01'42\"N., 73°35'47\"W.; thence to within a 300-foot radius of the outer end of the Socony (352) 41°01'42\"N., 73°35'45\"W.; thence to Mobil Oil Company’s pier. (353) 41°01'23\"N., 73°35'44\"W.; thence to (369) (e) Oyster Bay Harbor, New York. That portion of (354) 41°01'04\"N., 73°35'52\"W.; thence to Oyster Bay Harbor adjacent to the easterly side of Centre (355) 41°01'02\"N., 73°35'55\"W.; thence to Island, westerly of a line on range with Cold Spring (356) 41°01'02\"N., 73°36'00\"W.; thence to Harbor Light and the Stone House on the end of Plum (357) 41°01'05\"N., 73°36'00\"W.; thence along the mean Point, Centre Island. low water line to the point of beginning. (370) (f) Harbor of Oyster Bay, Oyster Bay, New York. The (358) NOTE: The areas are principally for use by yachts water area north of the town of Oyster Bay enclosed by and other recreational craft. Temporary floats or buoys a line beginning on the shoreline at for marking anchors will be allowed. Fixed mooring (371) 40°52'35.5\"N., 73°32'17\"W.; thence to piles or stakes are prohibited. The anchoring of vessels (372) 40°52'59.5\"N., 73°32'18\"W.; thence to and placing of temporary moorings will be under the (373) 40°53'00\"N., 73°30'53\"W.; thence to jurisdiction, and at the discretion of the local Harbor (374) 40°52'39\"N., 73°30'54\"W.; thence to the shoreline at Master. All moorings shall be so placed that no moored (375) 40°52'25\"N., 73°31'18\"W.; thence following the vessels will extend into the waters beyond the limits of the shoreline to the point of beginning. areas or closer than 50 feet to the Federal channel limits. (376) (g) Harbor of Oyster Bay, New York, Moses Point to Brickyard Point. That portion of the waters of the Harbor of Oyster Bay enclosed by a line beginning at Moses Point on Centre Island at

42    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (377) 40°53'11\"N., 73°31'14\"W.; thence to (404) 40°51'19.8\"N., 073°46'51.3\"W.; thence to (378) 40°53'02\"N., 73°31'22\"W.; thence to (405) 40°51'47.0\"N., 073°47'02.5\"W.; thence to (379) 40°53'02\"N., 73°32'00\"W.; thence to Brickyard (406) 40°51'28.5\"N., 073°47'31.7\"W.; thence to (407) 40°51'25.1\"N., 073°47'29.9\"W.; thence along the Point on Centre Island at (380) 40°53'06\"N., 73°32'00\"W.; thence following the shoreline to the point of origin, excluding the Cable and Pipeline Area between City and Hart Islands. shoreline to the point of beginning. (408) (5) City Island, Western Shore. All waters bound by (381) Note: The anchoring of vessels and placement of the following points: (409) 40°50'11.6\"N., 073°46'58.4\"W.; thence to temporary moorings in anchorage areas described in (410) 40°50'02.5\"N., 073°47'23.3\"W.; thence to paragraph (g) of this section will be under the jurisdiction (411) 40°50'43.7\"N., 073°47'56.0\"W.; thence to of the local Harbormaster appointed in accordance with (412) 40°51'15.9\"N., 073°47'36.0\"W.; thence to Article 12 of the Village Ordinance of the Village of (413) 40°51'15.9\"N., 073°47'28.6\"W.; thence along the Centre Island, New York. shoreline to the point of origin. (382) (h) Coecles Harbor at Shelter Island, New York. (414) (6) Eastchester Bay, Western Shore. All waters That portion of Coecles Harbor bounded on the North shoreward of a line connecting the following points: by a line drawn between the northernmost point of land (415) 40°49'31.3\"N., 073°48'26.3\"W.; thence to at Sungic Point and 41°04'09\"N., 72°17'54\"W., thence (416) 40°50'56.4\"N., 073°48'49.2\"W.; thence to eastward along the shoreline to the point of origin. (417) 40°50'55.3\"N., 073°48'55.4\"W.; thence along the (383) (i) West Neck Harbor at Shelter Island, New York. shoreline to the point of origin. That portion of West Neck Harbor bounded on the North (418) (7) Eastchester Bay, Locust Point. All waters west by a line drawn between 41°02'48\"N., 72°20'27\"W. of a line drawn from and a point on Shell Beach located at 41°02'29\"N., (419) 40°48'56.3\"N., 073°47'56.2\"W. to 72°20'59\"W.; thence eastward along the shoreline to the (420) 40°48'34.4\"N., 073°47'56.2\"W. point of origin. (421) (8) Manhasset Bay, Plum Point. All waters bound by the following points: (384) (422) 40°50'02.9\"N., 073°43'37.3\"W.; thence to (423) 40°49'54.0\"N., 073°43'14.9\"W.; thence to §110.60 Captain of the Port, New York. (424) 40°50'06.6\"N., 073°42'51.0\"W.; thence to (385) (a) Western Long Island Sound. (1) Glen Island. All (425) 40°50'18.6\"N., 073°42'51.0\"W.; thence along the shoreline to the point of origin; excluding the seaplane waters surrounding Glen Island bound by the following restricted area described in § 162. points: (426) (9) Manhasset Bay, Toms Point. All waters bound by (386) 40°52'53.1\"N., 073°46'58.9\"W.; thence to the following points: (387) 40°52'46.6\"N., 073°47'02.7\"W.; thence to (427) 40°50'20.6\"N., 073°42'49.5\"W.; thence to (388) 40°53'01.3\"N., 073°47'22.6\"W.; thence to a line (428) 40°50'05.3\"N., 073°42'49.4\"W.; thence to drawn from (429) 40°49'58.6\"N., 073°42'39.0\"W.; thence to (389) 40°53'24.4\"N., 073°46'56.7\"W. to (430) 40°49'48.9\"N., 073°42'55.6\"W.; thence to (390) 40°53'20.6\"N., 073°46'51.2\"W., excluding all (431) 40°49'49.3\"N., 073°42'20.4\"W.; thence to waters within 25 feet of the 50-foot channel west and (432) 40°50'02.5\"N., 073°42'14.2\"W.; thence to south of Glen Island. (433) 40°50'11.8\"N., 073°42'15.4\"W.; thence along the (391) (2) Echo Bay. All waters northwest of a line drawn shoreline to the point of origin. from (434) (10) Manhasset Bay, at Port Washington. All waters (392) 40°54'10.0\"N., 073°45'52.9\"W. to bound by the following points: (393) 40°54'25.0\"N., 073°45'38.4\"W. (435) 40°49'44.9\"N., 073°42'11.3\"W.; thence to (394) Note: An ordinance of the Town of New Rochelle (436) 40°49'44.3\"N., 073°43'03.2\"W.; thence to NY requires a permit from the New Rochelle Harbor (437) 40°49'06.8\"N., 073°42'46.6\"W.; thence to Master or the New Rochelle Superintendent of Bureau (438) 40°49'07.0\"N., 073°42'16.2\"W.; thence along the of Marinas, Docks and Harbors before any mooring is shoreline to the point of origin. placed in this special anchorage area. (439) (11) Manhasset Bay, West Shore. All waters bound (395) (3) Glen Island, East. All waters east of Glen Island, by the following points: bound by the following points: (440) 40°49'24.6\"N., 073°43'40.2\"W.; thence to (396) 40°53'01.4\"N., 073°46'51.4\"W.; thence to (441) 40°49'33.2\"N., 073°43'28.3\"W.; thence to (397) 40°53'03.1\"N., 073°46'44.4\"W.; thence to (442) 40°49'43.8\"N., 073°43'53.5\"W.; thence to (398) 40°53'06.2\"N., 073°46'38.0\"W.; thence to (443) 40°49'39.2\"N., 073°43'57.9\"W.; thence along the (399) 40°53'15.0\"N., 073°46'44.00\"W.; thence along the shoreline to the point of origin. shoreline to the point of origin. (444) (12) Manhasset Bay, Plandome. All waters bound by (400) (4) City Island, Eastern Shore. All waters bound by the following points: the following points: (401) 40°50'12.0\"N., 073°46'57.3\"W.; thence to (402) 40°50'31.9\"N., 073°46'18.3\"W.; thence to (403) 40°51'17.0\"N., 073°46'49.9\"W.; thence to

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    43 (445) 40°48'41.6\"N., 073°42'31.7\"W.; thence to (484) 40°46'15.2\"N., 073°50'55.2\"W.; thence along the (446) 40°48'43.6\"N., 073°42'42.5\"W.; thence to shoreline to the point of origin. (447) 40°48'29.0\"N., 073°42'44.4\"W.; thence to (448) 40°48'27.3\"N., 073°42'35.6\"W.; thence along the (485) (4) Flushing Bay, Southeast Area. All waters south of a line drawn from 40°45'41.4\"N., 073°50'57.2\"W. to shoreline to the point of origin. 40°45'51.7\"N., 073°50'34.2\"W. (449) (13) Elm Point. All waters bound by the following (486) (5) Flushing Bay, Southwest Area. All waters bound points: by the following points: (450) 40°49'01.0\"N., 073°45'41.9\"W.; thence to (451) 40°49'04.4\"N., 073°45'45.3\"W.; thence to (487) 40°45'36.7\"N., 073°51'16.3\"W.; thence to (452) 40°49'13.8\"N., 073°45'38.7\"W.; thence to (488) 40°45'48.5\"N., 073°50'58.4\"W.; thence to (453) 40°49'18.9\"N., 073°45'28.3\"W.; thence to (489) 40°45'51.3\"N., 073°50'59.2\"W.; thence to (454) 40°49'08.9\"N., 073°45'17.5\"W.; thence along the (490) 40°45'49.4\"N., 073°51'07.5\"W.; thence to (491) 40°45'58.7\"N., 073°51'13.4\"W.; thence to shoreline to the point of origin. (492) 40°46'02.1\"N., 073°51'20.1\"W.; thence to (455) Note: Temporary floats or buoys for marking (493) 40°45'54.8\"N., 073°51'28.7\"W.; thence to (494) 40°45'46.2\"N., 073°51'35.3\"W.; thence northward anchors in place are allowed. Fixed mooring piles or stakes are prohibited. An ordinance of the village of along the shoreline and breakwater to the point of origin. Kings Point regulates mooring and anchoring in the area (495) (6) Flushing Bay, West Area. All waters bound by the which includes this special anchorage area. (456) (14) Little Neck Bay. All waters east of a line drawn following points: from (496) 40°46'51.1\"N., 073°52'07.3\"W.; thence to (457) 40°47'39.4\"N., 73°46'27.1\"W.; thence to (497) 40°47'11.2\"N., 073°51'47.1\"W.; thence to (458) 40°48'36.6\"N., 073°45'58.5\"W.; thence to (498) 40°47'01.9\"N., 073°51'39.6\"W.; thence to (459) 40°48'36.4\"N., 073°45'48.4\"W.; thence along the (499) 40°46'28.3\"N., 073°51'20.0\"W.; thence to the point shoreline to the point of origin. (460) (15) Hempstead Harbor, Mosquito Neck. All waters of origin. bound by the following points: (500) Note: The anchoring of vessels and placing of (461) 40°51'43.0\"N., 073°39'37.1\"W.; thence to (462) 40°51'09.4\"N., 073°39'32.4\"W.; thence to temporary moorings in anchorage areas described in (463) 40°51'14.6\"N., 073°39'08.9\"W.; thence to paragraphs (b)(5) and (b)(6) of this section will be under (464) 40°51'20.0\"N., 073°38'56.1\"W.; thence along the the jurisdiction, and at the discretion of the local Harbor shoreline and breakwater to the point of origin. Master appointed by the City of New York. (465) (16) Hempstead Harbor, Sea Cliff. All waters bound (501) (7) Bowery Bay.All waters bounded by the following by the following points: points: (466) 40°51'16.7\"N., 073°38'51.9\"W.; thence to (502) 40°46'58.4\"N., 073°53'44.1\"W.; thence to (467) 40°51'12.9\"N., 073°39'07.2\"W.; thence to (503) 40°47'03.3\"N., 073°53'37.4\"W.; thence to (468) 40°51'03.6\"N., 073°39'31.6\"W.; thence to (504) 40°47'00.3\"N., 073°53'29.3\"W.; thence to (469) 40°50'24.7\"N., 073°39'26.4\"W.; thence to (505) 40°46'57.0\"N., 073°53'29.8\"W.; thence to (470) 40°50'22.0\"N., 073°39'10.2\"W.; thence along the (506) 40°46'59.9\"N., 073°53'34.2\"W.; thence to shoreline to the point of origin. (507) 40°46'58.5\"N., 073°53'35.8\"W.; thence to (471) (b) East River and Flushing Bay. (1) Flushing Bay, (508) 40°46'57.1\"N., 073°53'33.8\"W.; thence to College Point North. All waters bound by the following (509) 40°46'55.9\"N., 073°53'35.2\"W.; thence to points: (510) 40°46'58.2\"N., 073°53'39.0\"W.; thence to (472) 40°47'37.5\"N., 073°51'13.4\"W.; thence to (511) 40°46'56.1\"N., 073°53'41.4\"W.; thence along the (473) 40°47'10.3\"N., 073°51'34.0\"W.; thence to shoreline and pier to the point of origin. (474) 40°47'09.1\"N., 073°51'32.6\"W.; thence along the (512) (c) Hudson River. (1) Yonkers, Greystone Station. shoreline to the point of origin. All waters bound by the following points: (475) (2) Flushing Bay, College Point South. All waters (513) 40°58'19.8\"N., 073°53'22.8\"W.; thence to bound by the following points: (514) 40°58'21.1\"N., 073°53'28.7\"W.; thence to (476) 40°47'01.8\"N., 073°51'29.2\"W.; thence to (515) 40°58'42.7\"N., 073°53'20.3\"W.; thence to (477) 40°47'01.8\"N., 073°51'33.2\"W.; thence to (516) 40°58'41.8\"N., 073°53'15.4\"W.; thence along the (478) 40°46'31.7\"N., 073°51'15.9\"W.; thence to shoreline to the point of origin. (479) 40°46'46.1\"N., 073°50'58.6\"W.; thence along the (517) (2) Yonkers, North Glenwood. All waters bound by shoreline to the point of origin. the followings points: (480) (3) Flushing Bay, Cape Ruth. All waters bound by (518) 40°57'26.8\"N., 073°53'46.6\"W.; thence to the following points: (519) 40°57'27.3\"N., 073°53'48.8\"W.; thence to (481) 40°46'39.9\"N., 073°50'56.1\"W.; thence to (520) 40°57'55.3\"N., 073°53'34.4\"W.; thence to (482) 40°46'29.2\"N., 073°51'14.3\"W.; thence to (521) 40°57'53.6\"N., 073°53'28.6\"W.; thence along the (483) 40°46'12.3\"N., 073°51'04.3\"W.; thence to shoreline to the point of origin. (522) (3) Nyack. That portion of the Hudson River bound by the following points: (523) 41°06'06.8\"N., 073°54'55,5\"W.; thence to

44    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (524) 41°06'06.8\"N., 073°54'18.0\"W.; thence to (555) (9) West Point. All waters west of a line drawn (525) 41°05'00.0\"N., 073°54'18.0\"W.; thence to from 41°23'10.0\"N., 073°57'18.1\"W. to 41°23'23.5\"N., (526) 41°05'00.0\"N., 073°55'02.2\"W.; thence along the 073°57'11.5\"W. along the shoreline to the point of origin (NAD 1983), (556) (10) Haverstraw. That portion of the Hudson River excluding a fairway in the charted cable area that is bound by the following points: marked with buoys. (527) Note: The area is principally for use by yachts and (557) 41°11'25.2\"N., 073°57'19.9\"W.; thence to other recreational craft. A mooring buoy is permitted. (558) 41°11'34.2\"N., 073°57'00.8\"W.; thence to (528) (4) Manhattan, Fort Washington Point. All waters (559) 41°11'41.9\"N., 073°57'07.5\"W.; thence to bound by the following points: (560) 41°11'31.8\"N., 073°57'26.5\"W.; thence to (529) 40°51'08.1\"N., 073°56'36.7\"W.; thence to (561) 41°11'30.8\"N., 073°57'24.9\"W.; thence to the point (530) 40°51'09.4\"N., 073°56'40.9\"W.; thence to (531) 40°52'08.3\"N., 073°55'56.6\"W.; thence along the of origin. shoreline to the point of origin. (562) (11) Cedar Hill.All waters bounded by the following (532) (5) Yonkers, Main Street. All waters bound by the following points: points: (533) 40°56'15.4\"N., 073°54'11.2\"W.; thence to (563) 42°32'33.1\"N., 073°45'33.1\"W.; thence to (534) 40°56'16.7\"N., 073°54'20.2\"W.; thence to (564) 42°32'33.1\"N., 073°45'28.3\"W.; thence to (535) 40°56'08.9\"N., 073°54'22.6\"W.; thence to (565) 42°32'49.2\"N., 073°45'26.6\"W.; thence to (536) 40°56'07.9\"N., 073°54'16.9\"W.; thence to (566) 42°32'49.3\"N., 073°45'31.1\"W.; thence along the (537) 40°56'07.0\"N., 073°54'17.3\"W. to (538) (6) Yonkers, JFK Marina. All waters bound by the shoreline to the point of origin. following points: (567) (12) 79th Street Boat Basin South. All waters of (539) 40°57'28.5\"N., 073°53'46.0\"W.; thence to (540) 40°57'30.5\"N., 073°53'56.8\"W.; thence to the Hudson River enclosed by a line beginning at the (541) 40°57'07.5\"N., 073°54'06.2\"W.; thence to northwest corner of the 70th Street pier at approximate (542) 40°57'06.0\"N., 073°53'59.5\"W.; thence along the position shoreline to the point of origin. (568) 40°46′47.10″N, 073°59′29.13″W; thence to (543) Note: The areas designated by paragraphs (c)(5) and (569) 40°47′02.60″N, 073°59′17.88″W; thence to (c)(6) are limited to vessels no greater than 20 meters in (570) 40°46′59.73″N, 073°59′13.01″W; thence along the length and is primarily for use by recreational craft on shoreline and pier to the point of beginning. a seasonal or transient basis. These regulations do not (571) (13) 79th Street Boat Basin North. All waters of prohibit the placement of moorings within the anchorage the Hudson River enclosed by a line beginning on the area, but requests for the placement of moorings should shoreline near West 110th Street at approximate position be directed to the local government to ensure compliance (572) 40°48′21.06″N, 073°58′15.72″W; thence to with local and state laws. All moorings shall be so placed (573) 40°48′21.06″N, 073°58′24.00″W; thence to that no vessel, when anchored, will at any time extend (574) 40°47′14.70″N, 073°59′09.00″W; thence to beyond the limits of the area. Fixed mooring piles or (575) 40°47′11.84″N, 073°59′08.90″W; thence along the stakes are prohibited. Mariners are encouraged to contact breakwater and shoreline to the point of beginning. the local harbormaster for any additional ordinances and (576) (i) The anchoring of vessels and use of the moorings to ensure compliance with additional applicable state and in anchorage areas described in paragraphs (c)(12) and local laws. (13) of this section will be under the supervision of the (544) (7) Hastings-on-Hudson. All waters bound by the local Harbor Master appointed by the City of New York. following points: Mariners may contact the boat basin on VHF CH 9 or at (545) 40°59'56.0\"N., 073°53'05.4\"W.; thence to 212–496–2105 for mooring and anchoring availability. (546) 40°59'56.3\"N., 073°53'09.6\"W.; thence to All moorings or anchors shall be placed well within the (547) 41°00'05.1\"N., 073°53'09.2\"W.; thence to anchorage areas so that no portion of the hull or rigging (548) 41°00'14.7\"N., 073°53'06.4\"W.; thence to will at any time extend outside of the anchorage. (549) 41°00'14.5\"N., 073°53'00.5\"W.; thence along the (577) (ii) [Reserved.] shoreline to the point of origin. (578) (d) New York Harbor. (1) Newark Bay, Southeast. (550) (8) Tarrytown. All waters bound by the following All waters bound by the following points: points: (579) 40°39'27.9\"N., 074°08'07.1\"W.; thence to (551) 41°04'21.0\"N., 073°52'03.4\"W.; thence to (580) 40°39'31.7\"N., 074°08'13.4\"W.; thence to (552) 41°04'21.0\"N., 073°52'11.3\"W.; thence to (581) 40°39'31.4\"N., 074°08'24.6\"W.; thence to (553) 41°04'13.6\"N., 073°52'11.0\"W.; thence to (582) 40°39'52.4\"N., 074°08'11.7\"W.; thence to (554) 41°04'13.6\"N., 073°52'00.5\"W.; thence along the (583) 40°39'47.8\"N., 074°07'59.4\"W.; thence along the shoreline to the point of origin. shoreline to the point of origin. (584) (2) Newark Bay, Southwest. All waters bound by the following points: (585) 40°38'52.1\"N., 074°09'41.1\"W.; thence to (586) 40°38'51.6\"N., 074°10'18.2\"W.; thence to (587) 40°38'51.0\"N., 074°10'36.5\"W.; thence to (588) 40°39'16.8\"N., 074°09'56.3\"W.; thence to