United States Coast Pilot 2 Atlantic Coast - Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 2017

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    145 (3720) the area will be issued by the Agency requesting such use of the water area, or if appropriate, by the District Part 334–Danger Zones and Restricted Area Engineer, to all known interested persons. Copies will also Regulations be sent to appropriate State agencies, the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC 20590, and Director, (3721) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Hydrographic Center, Washington, DC 20390, ATTN: Code NS 12. §334.1 Purpose. Notification to all parties and Agencies shall be made at (3722) The purpose of this part is to: least two weeks prior to the planned event, or earlier, if (3723) (a) Prescribe procedures for establishing, amending required for distribution of Local Notice to Mariners by the Coast Guard. and disestablishing danger zones and restricted areas; (3724) (b) List the specific danger zones and restricted areas (3733) and their boundaries; and §334.4 Establishment and amendment procedures. (3725) (c) Prescribe specific requirements, access (3734) (a) Application. Any request for the establishment, limitations and controlled activities within the danger amendment or revocation of a danger zone or restricted zones and restricted areas. area must contain sufficient information for the District Engineer to issue a public notice, and as a minimum must (3726) contain the following: (3735) (1) Name, address and telephone number of requestor §334.2 Definitions. including the identity of the command and DoD facility (3727) (a) Danger zone. A defined water area (or areas) and the identity of a point of contact with phone number. (3736) (2) Name of waterway and if a small tributary, the used for target practice, bombing, rocket firing or other name of a larger connecting waterbody. especially hazardous operations, normally for the armed (3737) (3) Name of closest city or town, county/parish and forces. The danger zones may be closed to the public on a state. full-time or intermittent basis, as stated in the regulations. (3738) (4) Location of proposed or existing danger zone (3728) (b) Restricted area. A defined water area for the or restricted area with a map showing the location, if purpose of prohibiting or limiting public access to the possible. area. Restricted areas generally provide security for (3739) (5) A brief statement of the need for the area, its Government property and/or protection to the public intended use and detailed description of the times, dates from the risks of damage or injury arising from the and extent of restriction. Government’s use of that area. (3740) (b) Public notice. (1) The Corps will normally publish public notices and Federal Register documents (3729) concurrently. Upon receipt of a request for the establishment, amendment or revocation of a danger zone §334.3 Special policies. or restricted area, the District Engineer should forward a (3730) (a) General. The general regulatory policies stated copy of the request with his/her recommendation, a copy of the draft public notice and a draft Federal Register in 33 CFR part 320 will be followed as appropriate. In document to the Office of the Chief of Engineers, ATTN: addition, danger zone and restricted area regulations shall CECW-OR. The Chief of Engineers will publish the provide for public access to the area to the maximum proposal in the Federal Register concurrent with the extent practicable. public notice issued by the District Engineer. (3731) (b) Food fishing industry. The authority to prescribe (3741) (2) Content. The public notice and Federal Register danger zone and restricted area regulations must be documents must include sufficient information to give a exercised so as not to unreasonably interfere with or clear understanding of the proposed action and should restrict the food fishing industry. Whenever the proposed include the following items of information: establishment of a danger zone or restricted area may affect (3742) (i) Applicable statutory authority or authorities; (40 fishing operations, the District Engineer will consult with Stat. 266; 33 U.S.C. 1) and (40 Stat. 892; 33 U.S.C. 3). the Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (3743) (ii) A reasonable comment period. The public notice Department of the Interior and the Regional Director, should fix a limiting date within which comments will be National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic & received, normally a period not less than 30 days after Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). publication of the notice. (3732) (c) Temporary, occasional or intermittent use. If the (3744) (iii) The address of the District Engineer as the use of the water area is desired for a short period of time, recipient of any comments received. not to exceed thirty days in duration, and that planned (3745) (iv) The identity of the applicant/proponent; operations can be conducted safely without imposing unreasonable restrictions on navigation, and without promulgating restricted area regulations in accordance with the regulations in this section, applicants may be informed that formal regulations are not required. Activities of this type shall not reoccur more often than biennially (every other year), unless danger zone/ restricted area rules are promulgated under this Part. Proper notices for mariners requesting that vessels avoid

146    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (3746) (v) The name or title, address and telephone number (3762) of the Corps employee from whom additional information concerning the proposal may be obtained; §334.5 Disestablishment of a danger zone. (3763) (a) Upon receipt of a request from any agency for the (3747) (vi)Thelocationoftheproposedactivityaccompanied by a map of sufficient detail to show the boundaries of the disestablishment of a danger zone, the District Engineer area(s) and its relationship to the surrounding area. shall notify that agency of its responsibility for returning the area to a condition suitable for use by the public. The (3748) (3) Distribution. Public notice will be distributed agency must either certify that it has not used the area for in accordance with 33 CFR 325.3(d)(1). In addition to a purpose that requires cleanup or that it has removed all this general distribution, public notices will be sent to the hazardous materials and munitions, before the Corps will following Agencies: disestablish the area. The agency will remain responsible for the enforcement of the danger zone regulations to (3749) (i) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) prevent unauthorized entry into the area until the area where the use of airspace is involved. is deemed safe for use by the public and the area is disestablished by the Corps. (3750) (ii) The Commander, Service Force, U.S. Atlantic (3764) (b) Upon receipt of the certification required in Fleet, if a proposed action involves a danger zone off the paragraph (a) of this section, the District shall forward the U.S. Atlantic coast. request for disestablishment of the danger zone through channels to CECW-OR, with its recommendations. (3751) (iii) Proposed danger zones on the U.S. Pacific coast Notice of proposed rulemaking and public procedures must be coordinated with the applicable commands as as outlined in §334.4 are not normally required before follows: publication of the final rule revoking a restricted area or danger zone regulation. The disestablishment/revocation (3752) Alaska, Oregon and Washington: of the danger zone or restricted area regulation removes (3753) Commander, Naval Base, Seattle a restriction on a waterway. (3754) California: (3755) Commander, Naval Base, San Diego (3765) (3756) Hawaii and Trust Territories: (3757) Commander, Naval Base, Pearl Harbor §334.6 Datum. (3758) (c) Public hearing. The District Engineer may (3766) (a) Geographic coordinates expressed in terms of conduct a public hearing in accordance with 33 CFR part latitude or longitude, or both, are not intended for plotting 327. on maps or charts whose reference horizontal datum is the (3759) (d) Environmental documentation. The District North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), unless such Engineer shall prepare environmental documentation in geographic coordinates are expressly labeled NAD 83. accordance with appendix B to 33 CFR part 325. Geographic coordinates without the NAD 83 reference (3760) (e) District Engineer’s recommendation. After may be plotted on maps or charts referenced to NAD 83 closure of the comment period, and upon completion only after application of the appropriate corrections that of the District Engineer’s review he/she shall forward are published on the particular map or chart being used. the case through channels to the Office of the Chief of (3767) (b) For further information on NAD 83 and National Engineers, ATTN: CECW-OR with a recommendation Service nautical charts please contact; Director, Coast of whether or not the danger zone or restricted area Survey (N/CG2), National Ocean Service, NOAA, 1315 regulation should be promulgated. The District Engineer East-West Highway, Station 6147, Silver Spring, MD shall include a copy of environmental documentation 20910-3282. prepared in accordance with appendix B to 33 CFR part 325, the record of any public hearings, if held, a summary (3768) of any comments received and a response thereto, and a draft of the regulation as it is to appear in the Federal §334.60 Cape Cod Bay south of Wellfleet Harbor, Register. Mass.; naval aircraft bombing target area. (3761) (f) Final decision. The Chief of Engineers will notify (3769) (a) The danger zone. A circular area with a radius the District Engineer of the final decision to either approve of 1,000 yards having its center on the aircraft bombing or disapprove the regulations. The District Engineer will target hulk James Longstreet in Cape Cod Bay at latitude notify the applicant/proponent and publish a public notice 41°49'46\", longitude 70°02'54\". of the final decision. Concurrent with issuance of the (3770) (b) The regulations. (1) No vessel shall enter or public notice the Office of the Chief of Engineers will remain in the danger zone at any time, except as authorized publish the final decision in the Federal Register and by the enforcing agency. either withdraw the proposed regulation or issue the final (3771) (2) This section shall be enforced by the regulation as appropriate. The final rule shall become Commandant, First Naval District, and such agencies as effective no sooner than 30 days after publication in the he may designate. Federal Register unless the Chief of Engineers finds that sufficient cause exists and publishes that rationale with the regulations.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    147 (3772) (3795) 41°23'15.0\"N., 72°05'17.9\"W., then northerly along the shore to a point on the eastern shore at §334.70 Buzzards Bay, and adjacent waters, Mass.; danger zones for naval operations. (3796) 41°23'15.8\"N., 72°05'17.9\"W., then along the (3773) (a) Atlantic Ocean in vicinity of No Mans Land–(1) following points: The area. The waters surrounding No Mans Land within (3797) 41°23'15.8\"N., 72°05'22.0\"W. (3798) 41°23'25.9\"N., 72°05'29.9\"W. an area bounded as follows: Beginning at (3799) 41°23'33.8\"N., 72°05'34.7\"W. (3774) 41°12'30\", 70°50'30\"; thence northwesterly to (3800) 41°23'37.0\"N., 72°05'38.0\"W. (3775) 41°15'30\", 70°51'30\"; thence northeasterly to (3801) 41°23'41.0\"N., 72°05'40.3\"W. (3776) 41°17'30\", 70°50'30\"; thence southeasterly to (3802) 41°23'47.2\"N., 72°05'42.3\"W. (3777) 41°16'00\", 70°47'30\"; thence south to (3803) 41°23'53.8\"N., 72°05'43.7\"W. (3778) 41°12'30\", 70°47'30\"; thence westerly to the point (3804) 41°23'59.8\"N., 72°05'43.0\"W. (3805) 41°24'12.4\"N., 72°05'43.2\"W. Then to the point of of beginning. beginning on the eastern shore. (3779) (2) The regulations. No vessel or person shall at (3806) (b) The regulations. (3807) (1) Vessels and other watercraft within the designated any time enter or remain within a rectangular portion of the area bounded on the north by latitude 41°16'00\", on navigation channel may proceed through the restricted the east by longitude 70°47'30\", on the south by latitude area at normal operating speeds without stopping. 41°12'30\", and on the west by longitude 70°50'30\", or Vessels and watercraft may also utilize the water area within the remainder of the area between November within the restricted area located between the western edge of the designated channel and the western shore for 1, and April 30, inclusive, except by permission of the fishing, anchoring and other recreational uses. However, all persons, vessels and watercraft, except U.S. military enforcing agency. personnel and vessels must leave the restricted area when notified by personnel of the New London Submarine Base (3780) (3) The regulations in this paragraph shall be that such use will interfere with submarine maneuvering, operations or security. enforced by the Commandant, First Naval District, and (3808) (2) Commercial fishermen and shell fishermen may fish within the restricted area provided their such agencies as he may designate. vessels display registration numbers issued by the Naval Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut. The (3781) registration numbers may be obtained by contacting the Commanding Officer, Naval Submarine Base New §334.75 Thames River, Naval Submarine Base New London. All commercial fishermen and shell fishermen London, Restricted Area. must also leave the restricted area when notified by (3782) (a) The area: The open waters of the Thames River personnel of the New London Submarine Base that such use will interfere with submarine maneuvering, approximately 5 nautical miles upriver from its mouth operations or security. (3809) (3) Vessels which are owned, operated or sponsored along the boundary between Groton and Waterford, by local, state municipalities or academic institutions preparing for or participating in a water sport or water Connecticut, within an area bounded as follows: related recreational event sponsored by those local or state municipalities or academic institutions, or private (3783) From a point on the eastern shore at or commercial vessels engaged in observing the conduct (3784) 41°24'14.4\"N., 72°05'38.0\"W., then northerly along of the above event shall be exempt from the restrictions above, providing: the coast to (3810) (i) The Commanding Officer, Naval Submarine (3785) 41°24'20.0\"N., 72°05'37.9\"W., then westerly across Base New London, and the Coast Guard Captain of the Port are advised in writing at least 48 hours in advance the river to a point on the western shore at of the event, or (3786) 41°24'20.0\"N., 72°05'55.5\"W., then southerly along (3811) (ii) The event was publicized in such a manner that the local public in general had a reasonable opportunity the coast to a point on the western shore at to learn of the event 48 hours in advance. (3787) 41°24'05.0\"N., 72°05'55.7\"W., then easterly to the (3812) (4) The regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commander, U.S. Naval Submarine Base New western edge of the dredged channel to a point located at London, Connecticut, and such agencies as he/she may (3788) 41°24'04.1\"N., 72°05'51.2\"W., then southerly along designate. the western edge of the dredged channel to a point at (3789) 41°24'00\"N., 72°05'52.6\"W., then southerly along the western edge of the dredged channel to a point located at (3790) 41°23'57.1\"N., 72°05'52.5\"W., then southerly to buoy “11” located at a point at (3791) 41°23'45.6\"N., 72°05'53.7\"W., then southerly to buoy “B” on the northeastern shore of Mamacoke Hill to a point at (3792) 41°23'33.8\"N., 72°05'53.7\"W., then southerly along the shore to buoy “A” at (3793) 41°23'25.0\"N., 72°05'45.4\"W., then southeasterly to buoy “9” at a point located at (3794) 41°23'15.0\"N., 72°05'35.0\"W., then easterly to a point on the eastern shore at

148    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (3813) Harbor Island, Naval Station Newport, Newport, Rhode Island, Restricted Area. §334.80 Narragansett Bay, R.I.; restricted area. (3834) (a) The area. The waters within a \"C-shaped\" area (3814) (a) Beginning at a point on the east shore of Conanicut adjacent to and surrounding Coasters Harbor Island beginning at Coddington Point at Island at (3835) 41°31'24.0\"N., 71°19'24.0\"W.; thence to (3815) 41°33'15\"; thence southeasterly to (3836) 41°31'21.5\"N., 71°19'45.0\"W.; thence to (3816) 41°32'44\", 71°21'17\"; thence southerly to (3837) 41°31'04.2\"N., 71°19'52.8\"W.; thence to (3817) 41°32'09\", 71°21'17\"; thence southeasterly to (3838) 41°30'27.3\"N., 71°19'52.8\"W.; thence to (3818) 41°31'50\", 71°21'10\"; thence southeasterly to (3839) 41°30'13.8\"N., 71°19'42.0\"W.; thence to (3819) 41°31'26\", 71°20'33\"; thence easterly to (3840) 41°30'10.2\"N., 71°19'32.6\"W.; thence to (3820) 41°31'27\", 71°20'06\"; thence northerly to a point on (3841) 41°30'10.2\"N., 71°19'20.0\"W.; thence northerly along the mainland shoreline to the point of origin. the southwesterly shore of Prudence Island at (3842) (b) The regulation. All persons, swimmers, vessels (3821) 41°35'00\"; thence northerly along the southwesterly and other craft, except those vessels under the supervision or contract to local military or Naval authority, vessels of shore of Prudence Island to a point at the United States Coast Guard, and Federal, local or State (3822) 41°35'43\", 71°20'15.5\"; thence northwesterly to law enforcement vessels, are prohibited from entering the (3823) 41°37'21\", 71°20'48\"; thence west to restricted areas without permission from the Commanding (3824) 41°37'21\", 71°21'48\"; and thence south to Officer Naval Station Newport, USN, Newport, Rhode (3825) 41°33'54\", 71°21'48\". Island or his/her authorized representative. (3826) (b) The regulations. (1) No person or vessel shall at (3843) (c) Enforcement. (1) The regulation in this section, promulgated by the United States Army Corps of any time, under any circumstances, anchor or fish or tow Engineers, shall be enforced by the United States Navy, a drag of any kind in the prohibited area because of the Commanding Officer Naval Station Newport, Newport, extensive cable system located therein. Rhode Island and/or other persons or agencies as he/she (3827) (2) Orders and instructions issued by patrol craft or may designate. other authorized representatives of the enforcing agency shall be carried out promptly by persons or vessels in or (3844) in the vicinity of the prohibited area. (3828) (3) The regulations in this section shall be enforced §334.85 New York Harbor, adjacent to the Stapleton by the Commander U.S. Naval Base, Newport, R.I., and Naval Station, Staten Island, New York; restricted such agencies as he may designate. area. (3845) (a) The area. The waters of New York Harbor (3829) beginning at a point on shore at (3846) 40°38'02\"N., 074°04'24\"W.; thence easterly to §334.81 Narragansett Bay, East Passage, Codding- (3847) 40°38'02.5\"N., 074°04'09\"W.; thence southerly to ton Cove, Naval Station Newport, Naval Restricted (3848) 40°37'53\"N., 074°04'07\"W.; thence east- Area, Newport, Rhode Island. southeasterly to (3830) (a) The area. All of the navigable waters of (3849) 40°37'50\"N., 074°03'50.2\"W.; thence south- Coddington Cove east of a line that connects Coddington southeasterly to Point at 41°31'24.0\"N., 71°19'24.0\"W.; with the outer (3850) 40°37'37.5\"N., 074°03'46\"W.; thence southwesterly end of the Coddington Cove breakwater on the north side to the shore line at of the cove at 41°31'55.7\"N., 71°19'28.2\"W. (3851) 40°37'24.5\"N., 074°04'18\"W.; thence northerly (3831) (b) The regulation. All persons, swimmers, vessels along the shore line to the point of origin. and other craft, except those vessels under the supervision (3852) (b) The regulations. (1) The portion of the restricted or contract to local military or Naval authority, vessels area extending from the shore out to a line 600 feet east of the United States Coast Guard, and local or state of the U.S. Pierhead Line is closed to all persons and law enforcement vessels, are prohibited from entering vessels except those vessels owned by, under hire to or the restricted area without specific permission from performing work for Naval Station New York, Staten the Commanding Officer, Naval Station Newport, Island, New York. USN, Newport, Rhode Island or his/her authorized (3853) (2) The portion of the restricted area beginning representative. 600 feet seaward of the U.S. Pierhead Line is open to (3832) (c) Enforcement. The regulation in this section, transiting vessels only. Vessels shall proceed across the promulgated by the United States Army Corps of area by the most direct route and without unnecessary Engineers, shall be enforced by the United States Navy, delay. For vessels under sail, necessary tacking shall Commanding Officer Naval Station Newport, and/or constitute a direct route. such agencies or persons as he/she may designate. (3833) §334.82 Narragansett Bay, East Passage, Coasters

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    149 (3854) (3) Commercial vessels at anchor will be permitted (3885) (a) Sewage means human body wastes and the wastes to swing into the seaward portion of the restricted area from toilets and other receptacles intended to receive or while at anchor and during the tide changes. retain body wastes; (3855) (c) Enforcement. The regulations in this section shall (3886) (b) Discharge includes, but is not limited to, any be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Station spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, New York, and such agencies as he/she shall designate. or dumping; (3856) (3887) (c) Marine sanitation device includes any equipment for installation onboard a vessel and which is designed to §334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station receive, retain, treat, or discharge sewage and any process EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, Restricted Area, to treat such sewage; Middletown, New Jersey. (3857) (a) The area. All of the navigable waters within the (3888) (d) Vessel includes every description of watercraft area bounded by these coordinates: or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being (3858) 40°25'55.6\"N., 074°04'31.4\"W.; thence to used, as a means of transportation on waters of the United (3859) 40°26'54.0\"N., 074°03'53.0\"W.; thence to States; (3860) 40°26'58.0\"N., 074°04'03.0\"W.; thence to (3861) 40°27'56.0\"N., 074°03'24.0\"W.; thence to (3889) (e) New vessel refers to any vessel on which (3862) 40°27'41.7\"N., 074°02'45.0\"W.; thence to construction was initiated on or after January 30, 1975; (3863) 40°28'23.5\"N., 074°02'16.6\"W.; thence to (3864) 40°28'21.2\"N., 074°01'56.0\"W.; thence to (3890) (f) Existing vessel refers to any vessel on which (3865) 40°28'07.9\"N., 074°02'18.6\"W.; thence to construction was initiated before January 30, 1975; (3866) 40°27'39.3\"N., 074°02'38.3\"W.; thence to (3867) 40°27'28.5\"N., 074°02'10.4\"W.; thence to (3891) (g) Fecal coliform bacteria are those organisms (3868) 40°26'29.5\"N., 074°02'51.2\"W.; thence to associated with the intestines of warm-blooded animals (3869) 40°26'31.4\"N., 074°02'55.4\"W.; thence to that are commonly used to indicate the presence of fecal (3870) 40°25'27.1\"N., 074°03'39.7\"W.; and thence along material and the potential presence of organisms capable the shoreline to the point of origin (NAD 83). of causing human disease. (3871) The Department of the Navy plans to install buoys along these coordinates to outline the Restricted Area. (3892) (3872) (b) The regulation. (1) Except as set forth in subparagraph (b)(2), no persons, unauthorized vessels or §140.2 Scope of standard. other unauthorized craft may enter the restricted area at (3893) The standard adopted herein applies only to vessels any time; (3873) (2) Vessels are authorized to cross the Terminal on which a marine sanitation device has been installed. Channel provided that there are no naval vessels then The standard does not require the installation of a marine transiting the channel bounded by: sanitation device on any vessel that is not so equipped. (3874) 40°27'41.7\"N., 074°02'45.0\"W.; thence to The standard applies to vessels owned and operated by (3875) 40°28'23.5\"N., 074°02'16.6\"W.; thence to the United States unless the Secretary of Defense finds (3876) 40°28'21.2\"N., 074°01'56.0\"W.; thence to that compliance would not be in the interest of national (3877) 40°28'07.9\"N., 074°02'18.6\"W.; thence to security. (3878) 40°27'39.3\"N., 074°02'38.3\"W.; and (3879) (3) No person may swim in the Restricted Area. (3894) (3880) (c) Enforcement. The regulation in this section, promulgated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, shall §140.3 Standard. be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval Weapons (3895) (a) (1) In freshwater lakes, freshwater reservoirs or Station Earle, and/or other persons or agencies as he/she may designate. other freshwater impoundments whose inlets or outlets are such as to prevent the ingress or egress by vessel (3881) traffic subject to this regulation, or in rivers not capable of navigation by interstate vessel traffic subject to this TITLE 40–PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT regulation, marine sanitation devices certified by the U.S. Coast Guard (see 33 CFR part 159, published in 40 FR (3882) 4622, January 30, 1975), installed on all vessels shall be designed and operated to prevent the overboard discharge Part 140–Marine Sanitation Device Standard of sewage, treated or untreated, or of any waste derived from sewage. This shall not be construed to prohibit the (3883) carriage of Coast Guard-certified flow-through treatment devices which have been secured so as to prevent such §140.1 Definitions. discharges. (3884) For the purpose of these standards the following (3896) (2) In all other waters, Coast Guard-certified marine sanitation devices installed on all vessels shall definitions shall apply: be designed and operated to either retain, dispose of, or discharge sewage. If the device has a discharge, subject to paragraph (d) of this section, the effluent shall not have a fecal coliform bacterial count of greater than 1,000 per 100 milliliters nor visible floating solids. Waters where a Coast Guard-certified marine sanitation device permitting

150    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   discharge is allowed include coastal waters and estuaries, affirmative determination pursuant to section 312(f)(3) the Great Lakes and inter-connected waterways, fresh- of the Act. [...] water lakes and impoundments accessible through locks, (3905) (b) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section 312(f) and other flowing waters that are navigable interstate by (4)(A): a State may make a written application to the vessels subject to this regulation. Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, under (3897) (b) This standard shall become effective on January section 312(f)(4)(A) of the Act, for the issuance of a 30, 1977 for new vessels and on January 30, 1980 for regulation completely prohibiting discharge from a vessel existing vessels (or, in the case of vessels owned and of any sewage, whether treated or not, into particular operated by the Department of Defense, two years and waters of the United States or specified portions thereof, five years, for new and existing vessels, respectively, which waters are located within the boundaries of such after promulgation of implementing regulations by the State. Such application shall specify with particularly Secretary of Defense under section 312(d) of the Act). the waters, or portions thereof, for which a complete (3898) (c) Any vessel which is equipped as of the date of prohibition is desired. The application shall include promulgation of this regulation with a Coast Guard- identification of water recreational areas, drinking water certified flow-through marine sanitation device meeting intakes, aquatic sanctuaries, identifiable fish-spawning the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, shall and nursery areas, and areas of intensive boating activities. not be required to comply with the provisions designed If, on the basis of the State's application and any other to prevent the overboard discharge of sewage, treated information available to him, the Administrator is unable or untreated, in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, for the to make a finding that the waters listed in the application operable life of that device. require a complete prohibition of any discharge in the (3899) (d) After January 30, 1980, subject to paragraphs (e) waters or portions thereof covered by the application, he and (f) of this section, marine sanitation devices on all shall state the reasons why he cannot make such a finding, vessels on waters that are not subject to a prohibition of and shall deny the application. If the Administrator makes the overboard discharge of sewage, treated or untreated, a finding that the waters listed in the application require as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, shall be a complete prohibition of any discharge in all or any part designed and operated to either retain, dispose of, or of the waters or portions thereof covered by the State’s discharge sewage, and shall be certified by the U.S. Coast application, he shall publish notice of such findings Guard. If the device has a discharge, the effluent shall not together with a notice of proposed rule making, and then have a fecal coliform bacterial count of greater than 200 shall proceed in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553. If the per 100 milliliters, nor suspended solids greater than 150 Administrator’s finding is that applicable water quality mg/1. standards require a complete prohibition covering a more (3900) (e) Any existing vessel on waters not subject to restricted or more expanded area than that applied for by a prohibition of the overboard discharge of sewage in the State, he shall state the reasons why his finding differs paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and which is equipped in scope from that requested in the State’s application. with a certified device on or before January 30, 1978, [...] shall not be required to comply with paragraph (d) of this (3906) (c)(1) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section 312(f) section, for the operable life of that device. (4)(B): A State may make written application to the (3901) (f) Any new vessel on waters not subject to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency prohibition of the overboard discharge of sewage in under section 312(f)(4)(B) of the Act for the issuance paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and on which construction of a regulation establishing a drinking water intake no is initiated before January 31, 1980, which is equipped discharge zone which completely prohibits discharge with a marine sanitation device before January 31, 1980, from a vessel of any sewage, whether treated or untreated, certified under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, shall not into that zone in particular waters, or portions thereof, be required to comply with paragraph (d) of this section, within such State. Such application shall: for the operable life of that device. (3907) (i) Identify and describe exactly and in detail the (3902) (g) The degrees of treatment described in paragraphs location of the drinking water supply intake(s) and the (a) and (d) of this section are ‘‘appropriate standards” community served by the intake(s), including average for purposes of Coast Guard and Department of Defense and maximum expected amounts of inflow; certification pursuant to section 312(g)(2) of the Act. (3908) (ii) Specify and describe exactly and in detail, the waters, or portions thereof, for which a complete (3903) prohibition is desired, and where appropriate, average, maximum and low flows in million gallons per day §140.4 Complete prohibition. (MGD) or the metric equivalent; (3904) (a) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section 312(f) (3909) (iii) Include a map, either a USGS topographic quadrant map or a NOAA nautical chart, as applicable, (3): a State may completely prohibit the discharge from clearly marking by latitude and longitude the waters or all vessels of any sewage, whether treated or not, into portions thereof to be designated a drinking water intake some or all of the waters within such State by making a zone; and written application to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, and by receiving the Administrator's

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    151 (3910) (iv) Include a statement of basis justifying the size (3923) of the requested drinking water intake zone, for example, identifying areas of intensive boating activities. §15.1030 New York and New Jersey. (3924) The following U.S. navigable waters located within (3911) (2) If the Administrator finds that a complete prohibition is appropriate under this paragraph, he or the States of New York and New Jersey when the vessel she shall publish notice of such finding together with a is making an intra-port transit, to include, but not limited notice of proposed rulemaking, and then shall proceed to, a movement from a dock to a dock, from a dock to in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553. If the Administrator’s an anchorage, from an anchorage to a dock, or from an finding is that a complete prohibition covering a more anchorage to an anchorage, within the following listed restricted or more expanded area than that applied for operating areas: by the State is appropriate, he or she shall also include a (3925) (a) East River from Execution Rocks to New York statement of the reasons why the finding differs in scope Harbor, Upper Bay; from that requested in the State’s application. (3926) (b) Hudson River from Yonkers, New York to New York Harbor, Upper Bay; (3912) (3) If the Administrator finds that a complete (3927) (c) Raritan River from Grossman Dock/Arsenal to prohibition is inappropriate under this paragraph, he or New York Harbor, Lower Bay; she shall deny the application and state the reasons for (3928) (d) Arthur Kill Channel; such denial. (3929) (e) Kill Van Kull Channel; (3930) (f) Newark Bay; (3913) (4) For the following waters the discharge from a (3931) (g) Passaic River from Point No Point to Newark vessel of any sewage, whether treated or not, is completely Bay; prohibited pursuant to CWA section 312(f)(4)(B): (3932) (h) Hackensack River from the turning basin to Newark Bay; and (3914) (i) Two portions of the Hudson River in New York (3933) (i) New York Harbor, Upper and Lower Bay. State, the first is bounded by an east-west line through the (3934) Note to §15.1030: most northern confluence of the Mohawk River which (3935) “Intra-port transit” as used in this section includes will be designated by the Troy-Waterford Bridge (126th the movement of a foreign-trade vessel inbound from Street Bridge) on the south and Lock 2 on the north, sea from the point where a State-licensed pilot ceases and the second of which is bounded on the north by the providing pilotage to another point within the identified southern end of Houghtaling Island and on the south by a areas (i.e., a dock or anchorage). Likewise, intra-port line between the Village of Roseton on the western shore transit also includes the movement of a foreign-trade and Low Point on the eastern shore in the vicinity of vessel outbound to sea from a point within the identified Chelsea, as described in Items 2 and 3 of 6 NYCRR Part areas (i.e., a dock or anchorage) to the point where a State 858.4. licensed pilot begins providing pilotage. (3915) (ii) [Reserved] (3936) (3916) §15.1040 Massachusetts. (3937) The following U.S. navigable waters located within §140.5 Analytical procedures. (3917) Indeterminingthecompositionandqualityofeffluent the State of Massachusetts when the vessel is in transit, but not bound to or departing from a port within the discharge from marine sanitation devices, the procedures following listed operating areas: contained in 40 CFR part 136, ‘‘Guidelines Establishing (3938) (a) Cape Cod Bay south of 41°48'54\"N.; Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants,” or (3939) (b) The Cape Cod Canal; and subsequent revisions or amendments thereto, shall be (3940) (c) Buzzards Bay east of a line extending from employed. the southernmost point of Wilbur Point (41°34'55\"N., 70°51'15\"W.) to the easternmost point of Pasque Island (3918) (41°26'55\"N., 70°50'30\"W.). TITLE 46–SHIPPING (3919) Part 15–Manning Requirements (in part) (3920) Subpart I–Vessels in Foreign Trade (3921) §15.1001 General. (3922) Self-propelled vessels engaged in foreign commerce are required to use a pilot holding a valid MMC or license with appropriate endorsement as a first-class pilot when operating in the navigable waters of the United States specified in this subpart.

152    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (3941) including any applicable health, quarantine, agricultural, or customs laws or regulations, or any other National TITLE 50–WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES Marine Fisheries Service enforced statutes or regulations. (3942) (3948) Part 222–General Endangered and Threatened Part 224–Endangered Marine and Anadromous Marine Species Species (3943) (3949) Subpart A–Introduction and General Provisions §224.103 Special prohibitions for endangered marine mammals. (3944) (3950) (c) Approaching right whales. (1) Prohibitions. Except as provided under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, §222.101 Purpose and scope of regulations. it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of (3945) (a) The regulations of parts 222, 223, and 224 of this the United States to commit, attempt to commit, to solicit another to commit, or cause to be committed any of the chapter implement the Endangered Species Act (Act), following acts: and govern the taking, possession, transportation, sale, (3951) (i) Approach (including by interception) within 500 purchase, barter, exportation, importation of, and other yards (460 m) of a right whale by vessel, aircraft, or any requirements pertaining to wildlife and plants under the other means; jurisdiction of the Secretary of Commerce and determined (3952) (ii) Fail to undertake required right whale avoidance to be threatened or endangered pursuant to section 4(a) measures specified under paragraph (c)(2) of this section. of the Act. These regulations are implemented by the (3953) (2) Right whale avoidance measures. Except as National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic provided under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, the and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of following avoidance measures must be taken if within Commerce, This part pertains to general provisions 500 yards (460 m) of a right whale: and definitions. Specifically, parts 223 and 224 pertain (3954) (i) If underway, a vessel must steer a course away to provisions to threatened species and endangered from the right whale and immediately leave the area at species, respectively. Part 226 enumerates designated slow safe speed. critical habitat for endangered and threatened species. (3955) (ii) An aircraft must take a course away from the Certain of the endangered and threatened marine species right whale and immediately leave the area at a constant enumerated in §§ 224.102 and 223.102 are included airspeed. in Appendix I or II to the Convention on International (3956) (3) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply to Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. this section, but any person who claims the applicability The importation, exportation, and re-exportation of such of an exception has the burden of proving that the species are subject to additional regulations set forth at exception applies: 50 CFR part 23, chapter I. (3957) (i) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do (3946) (b) For rules and procedures relating to species not apply if a right whale approach is authorized by determined to be threatened or endangered under the the National Marine Fisheries Service through a permit jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior, see 50 CFR issued under part 222, subpart C, of this chapter (General parts 10 through 17. For rules and procedures relating Permit Procedures) or through a similar authorization. to the general implementation of the Act jointly by the (3958) (ii) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do not Departments of the Interior and Commerce and for apply where compliance would create an imminent and certain species under the joint jurisdiction of both the serious threat to a person, vessel, or aircraft. Secretaries of the Interior and Commerce, see 50 CFR (3959) (iii) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2)of this section do Chapter IV. Marine mammals listed as endangered or not apply when approaching to investigate a right whale threatened and subject to these regulations may also be entanglement or injury, or to assist in the disentanglement subject to additional requirements pursuant to the Marine or rescue of a right whale, provided that permission is Mammal Protection Act (for regulations implementing received from the National Marine Fisheries Service or that act, see 50 CFR part 216). designee prior to the approach. (3947) (c) No statute or regulation of any state shall be (3960) (iv) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do construed to relieve a person from the restrictions, not apply to an aircraft unless the aircraft is conducting conditions, and requirements contained in parts 222, whale watch activities. 223, and 224 of this chapter. In addition, nothing in parts (3961) (v) Paragraph (c)(2) of this section does not apply 222, 223, and 224 of this chapter, including any permit to the extent that a vessel is restricted in her ability to issued pursuant thereto, shall be construed to relieve maneuver and, because of the restriction, cannot comply a person from any other requirements imposed by a with paragraph (c)(2) of this section. statute or regulation of any state or of the United States,

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    153 (3962) (3972) 33°36'30.0\"N., 77°47'06.0\"W.; thence back to §224.105 Speed restrictions to protect North Atlan- starting point.; tic Right Whales. (3963) (a) The following restrictions apply to: All vessels (3973) (ii) Within a 20-nm (37 km) radius (as measured greater than or equal to 65 ft (19.8 m) in overall length and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and seaward from COLREGS delineated coast lines and the all other vessels greater than or equal to 65 ft (19.8 m) in overall length entering or departing a port or place subject center point of the port entrance) (Fig. 2) at the to the jurisdiction of the United States. These restrictions shall not apply to U.S. vessels owned or operated by, (3974) (A) Ports of New York/New Jersey: or under contract to, the Federal Government. This (3975) 40°29'42.2\"N., 73°55'57.6\"W.; exemption extends to foreign sovereign vessels when they are engaging in joint exercises with the U.S. Department (3976) (B) Delaware Bay (Ports of Philadelphia and of the Navy. In addition, these restrictions do not apply to law enforcement vessels of a State, or political subdivision Wilmington): thereof, when engaged in law enforcement or search and rescue duties. (3977) 38°52'27.4\"N., 75°01'32.1\"W.; (3964) (1) Southeast U.S. (south of St. Augustine, FL to north of Brunswick, GA): Vessels shall travel at a speed (3978) (C) Entrance to the Chesapeake Bay (Ports of of 10 knots or less over ground during the period of November 15 to April 15 each year in the area bounded Hampton Roads and Baltimore): by the following: Beginning at 31°27'00.0\"N., 80°51'36.0\"W.; thence west to charted mean high water (3979) 37°00'36.9\"N., 75°57'50.5\"W.; and line then south along charted mean high water line and inshore limits of COLREGS limit to a latitude of (3980) (D) Ports of Morehead City and Beaufort, NC: 29°45'00.0\"N., thence east to 29°45'00.0\"N., 34°41'32.0\"N., 76°40'08.3\"W.; and 80°51'36.0\"W.; thence back to starting point. (Fig. 1). (3981) (iii) In Block Island Sound, in the area bounded by (3965) the following coordinates: Beginning at (3982) 40°51'53.7\"N., 70°36'44.9\"W.; thence to (3983) 41°20'14.1\"N., 70°49'44.1\"W.; thence to (3984) 41°04'16.7\"N., 71°51'21.0\"W.; thence to (3985) 40°35'56.5\"N., 71°38'25.1\"W.; thence back to starting point. (Fig. 2). (3986) (3966) (2) Mid-Atlantic U.S. (from north of Brunswick, (3987) (3) Northeast U.S. (north of Rhode Island): (3988) (i) In Cape Cod Bay, MA: Vessels shall travel at a Georgia to Rhode Island): Vessels shall travel 10 knots speed of 10 knots or less over ground during the period or less over ground in the period November 1 to April 30 of January 1 to May 15 in Cape Cod Bay, in an area each year: beginning at 42°04'56.5\"N., 70°12'00.0\"W.; thence north to 42°12'00.0\"N., 70°12'00.0\"W.; thence due west to (3967) (i) In the area bounded by the following: charted mean high water line; thence along charted mean 33°56'42.0\"N., 77°31'30.0\"W.; thence along a NW bearing of 313.26° True to charted mean high water line high water within Cape Cod Bay back to beginning point. then south along mean high water line and inshore limits (Fig. 3). of COLREGS limit to a latitude of 31°27'00.0\"N.; thence east to (3989) (ii) Off Race Point: Vessels shall travel at a speed of (3968) 31°27'00.0\"N., 80°51'36.0\"W.; thence to (3969) 31°50'00.0\"N., 80°33'12.0\"W.; thence to 10 knots or less over ground during the period of March 1 (3970) 32°59'06.0\"N., 78°50'18.0\"W.; thence to (3971) 33°28'24.0\"N., 78°32'30.0\"W.; thence to to April 30 each year in waters bounded by straight lines connecting the following points in the order stated (Fig. 3): (3990) 42°30'00.0\"N., 69°45'00.0\"W.; thence to (3991) 42°30'00.0\"N., 70°30'00.0\"W.; thence to (3992) 42°12'00.0\"N., 70°30'00.0\"W.; thence to (3993) 42°12'00.0\"N., 70°12'00.0\"W.; thence to (3994) 42°04'56.5\"N., 70°12'00.0\"W.; thence along charted mean high water line and inshore limits of COLREGS

154    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   limit to a latitude of 41°40'00.0\"N., thence due east to including any recommendations to minimize burden of 41°41'00.0\"N., 69°45'00.0\"W.; thence back to starting such impacts. point. (4008) (3995) (iii) Great South Channel: Vessels shall travel at a Part 226–Designated Critical Habitat speed of 10 knots or less over ground during the period (4009) of April 1 to July 31 each year in all waters bounded by §226.101 Purpose and scope. straight lines connecting the following points in the order (4010) The regulations contained in this part identify stated (Fig. 3): those habitats designated by the Secretary of Commerce (3996) 42°30'00.0\"N., 69°45'00.0\"W. as critical, under section 4 of the Act, for endangered (3997) 41°40'00.0\"N., 69°45'00.0\"W. and threatened species under the jurisdiction of the (3998) 41°00'00.0\"N., 69°05'00.0\"W. Secretary of Commerce. Those species are enumerated (3999) 42°09'00.0\"N., 67°08'24.0\"W. at §223.102 of this chapter if threatened and at §224.101 (4000) 42°30'00.0\"N., 67°27'00.0\"W. of this chapter if endangered. For regulations pertaining (4001) 42°30'00.0\"N., 69°45'00.0\"W. to the designation of critical habitat, see part 424 of this title; for regulations pertaining to prohibitions against the (4002) adverse modification or destruction of critical habitat, see part 402 of this title. Additional information regarding designated critical habitats that is not provided in this section may be obtained upon request to the Office of Protected Resources (see §222.102, definition of “Office of Protected Resources”). (4003) (b) Except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section, (4011) it is unlawful under this section: § 226.203 Critical habitat for North Atlantic right (4004) (1) For any vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the whales (Eubalaena glacialis). United States to violate any speed restriction established (4012) (a) Physical and biological features essential to the in paragraph (a) of this section; or conservation of endangered North Atlantic right whales. (4013) (1) Unit 1. The physical and biological features (4005) (2) For any vessel entering or departing a port or essential to the conservation of the North Atlantic place under the jurisdiction of the United States to violate right whale, which provide foraging area functions in any speed restriction established in paragraph (a) of this Unit 1 are: The physical oceanographic conditions and section. structures of the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank region that combine to distribute and aggregate C.finmarchicus (4006) (c) A vessel may operate at a speed necessary for right whale foraging, namely prevailing currents to maintain safe maneuvering speed instead of the and circulation patterns, bathymetric features (basins, required ten knots only if justified because the vessel banks, and channels), oceanic fronts, density gradients, is in an area where oceanographic, hydrographic and/ and temperature regimes; low flow velocities in Jordan, or meteorological conditions severely restrict the Wilkinson, and Georges Basins that allow diapausing maneuverability of the vessel and the need to operate at C.finmarchicus to aggregate passively below the such speed is confirmed by the pilot on board or, when a convective layer so that the copepods are retained in the vessel is not carrying a pilot, the master of the vessel. If basins; late stage C.finmarchicus in dense aggregations a deviation from the ten-knot speed limit is necessary, the in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank region; and reasons for the deviation, the speed at which the vessel is diapausing C.finmarchicus in aggregations in the Gulf of operated, the latitude and longitude of the area, and the Maine and Georges Bank region. time and duration of such deviation shall be entered into (4014) (2) Unit 2. The physical features essential to the the logbook of the vessel. The master of the vessel shall conservation of the North Atlantic right whale, which attest to the accuracy of the logbook entry by signing and provide calving area functions in Unit 2, are: dating it. (4015) (i) Sea surface conditions associated with Force 4 or less on the Beaufort Scale, (4007) (d) No later than January 1, 2019, the National (4016) (ii) Sea surface temperatures of 7°C to 17°C, and Marine Fisheries Service will publish and seek comment (4017) (iii) Water depths of 6 to 28 meters, where these on a report evaluating the conservation value and features simultaneously co-occur over contiguous areas economic and navigational safety impacts of this section, of at least 231 nmi2 of ocean waters during the months of November through April. When these features are available, they are selected by right whale cows and calves in dynamic combinations that are suitable for calving, nursing, and rearing, and which vary, within the

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    155 ranges specified, depending on factors such as weather Latitude Longitude and age of the calves. 43°36.04'N. 70°03.98'W. 43°31.94'N. 70°08.68'W. (4018) (b) Critical habitat boundaries. Critical habitat 43°27.63'N. 70°17.48'W. 43°20.23'N. 70°23.64'W. includes two areas (Units) located in the Gulf of Maine 43°04.06'N. 70°36.70'W. 43°02.93'N. 70°41.47'W. and Georges Bank Region (Unit 1) and off the coast of 43°02.55'N. 70°43.33'W. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida (4030) (x) From this point (43°2.55′N., 70°43.33′W.) on the coast of New Hampshire south of Portsmouth, (Unit 2). the boundary of the specific area follows the coastline (4019) (1) Unit 1. The specific area on which are found southward along the coasts of New Hampshire and the physical and biological features essential to the Massachusetts along Cape Cod to Provincetown conservation of the North Atlantic right whale include southward along the eastern edge of Cape Cod to the southern tip of Nauset Beach (Cape Cod) (41°38.39′N., all waters, seaward of the boundary delineated by the line 69°57.32′W.) with the exception of the area landward of the lines drawn by connecting the following points: connecting the geographic coordinates and landmarks identified herein: (4031) (4020) (i) The southern tip of Nauset Beach (Cape Cod) (41°38.39′N., 69°57.32′W.). 42°59.986'N. 70°44.654'W. to Rye Harbor (4021) (ii) From this point, southwesterly to 41°37.19′N., 69°59.11′W. 42°59.956'N. 70°44.737'W. Rye Harbor (4022) (iii) From this point, southward along the eastern shore of South Monomoy Island to 41°32.76′N., 42°53.691'N. 70°48.516'W. to Hampton 69°59.73′W. Harbor (4023) (iv) From this point, southeasterly to 40°50′N., 69°12′W. 42°53.519'N. 70°48.748'W. Hampton (4024) (v) From this point, east to 40°50′N., 68°50′W. Harbor (4025) (vi) From this point, northeasterly to 42°00′N., 67°55′W. 42°49.136'N. 70°48.242'W. to Newburyport (4026) (vii) From this point, east to 42°00′N., 67°30′W. Harbor (4027) (viii) From this point, northeast to the intersection of the U.S.-Canada maritime boundary and 42°10′N. 42°48.964'N. 70°48.282'W. Newburyport (4028) (ix) From this point, following the U.S.-Canada Harbor maritime boundary north to the intersection of 42°42.145'N. 70°46.995'W. to Plum Island 44°49.727′N., 66°57.952′W.; From this point, moving Sound southwest along the coast of Maine, the specific area is located seaward of the line connecting the following 42°41.523'N. 70°47.356'W. Plum Island Sound points: 42°40.266'N. 70°43.838'W. to Essex Bay (4029) 42°39.778'N. 70°43.142'W. Essex Bay Latitude Longitude 42°39.645'N. 70°36.715'W. to Rockport Harbor 44°49.727'N. 66°57.952'W. 44°49.67'N. 66°57.77'W. 42°39.613'N. 70°36.60'W. Rockport Harbor 44°48.64'N. 66°56.43'W. 44°47.36'N. 66°59.25'W. 42°20.665'N. 70°57.205'W. to Boston Harbor 44°45.51'N. 67°02.87'W. 42°20.009'N. 70°55.803'W. Boston Harbor 44°37.07'N. 67°09.75'W. 42°19.548'N. 70°55.436'W. to Boston Harbor 44°27.77'N. 67°32.86'W. 42°18.599'N. 70°52.961'W. Boston Harbor 44°25.74'N. 67°38.39'W. 42°15.203'N. 70°46.324'W. to Cohasset Harbor 44°21.66'N. 67°51.78'W. 42°15.214'N. 70°47.352'W. Cohasset Harbor 44°19.08'N. 68°02.05'W. 44°13.55'N. 68°10.71'W. 42°12.09'N. 70°42.98'W. to Scituate Harbor 44°08.36'N. 68°14.75'W. 42°12.211'N. 70°43.002'W. Scituate Harbor 43°59.36'N. 68°37.95'W. 43°59.83'N. 68°50.06'W. 42°09.724'N. 70°42.378'W. to New Inlet 43°56.72'N. 69°04.89'W. 42°10.085'N. 70°42.875'W. New Inlet 43°50.28'N. 69°18.86'W. 42°04.64'N. 70°38.587'W. to Green Harbor 43°48.96'N. 69°31.15'W. 42°04.583'N. 70°38.631'W. Green Harbor 43°43.64'N. 69°37.58'W. 41°59.686'N. 70°37.948'W. to Duxbury Bay/ Plymouth 43°41.44'N. 69°45.27'W. Harbor

156    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   (4045)

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    157 (4046)

158    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2   41°58.75'N. 70°39.052'W. Duxbury Bay/ 41°48.554'N. 69°56.238'W. Nauset Plymouth 41°40.685'N. 69°56.781'W. Harbor 41°50.395'N. 70°31.943'W. Harbor 41°40.884'N. 69°56.28'W. 41°50.369'N. 70°32.145'W. to Chatham to Ellisville Harbor Harbor Chatham Ellisville Harbor Harbor 41°45.87'N. 70°28.62'W. to Sandwich (4032) (xi) In addition, the specific area does not include 41°45.75'N. 70°28.40'W. Harbor 41°44.93'N. 70°25.74'W. waters landward of the 72 COLREGS lines (33 CFR part 41°44.90'N. 70°25.60'W. Sandwich 80) described below. Harbor (4033) (A) Portland Head, ME to Cape Ann, MA. to Scorton (4034) (1) A line drawn from the northernmost extremity of Harbor Scorton Farm Point to Annisquam Harbor Light. Harbor (4035) (2) [Reserved] 41°44.00'N. 70°17.50'W. to Barnstable (4036) (B) Cape Ann MA to Marblehead Neck, MA. Harbor (4037) (1) A line drawn from Gloucester Harbor 41°44.00'N. 70°13.90'W. Barnstable Breakwater Light to the twin towers charted at latitude Harbor 42°35′06.177\"N., longitude 70°41′32.330\"W. 41°45.53'N. 70°09.387'W. to Sesuit Harbor (4038) (2) A line drawn from the westernmost extremity of 41°45.523'N. 70°09.307'W. Sesuit Harbor Gales Point to the easternmost extremity of House Island; 41°45.546'N. 70°07.39'W. to Quivett Creek thence to Bakers Island Light; thence to Marblehead 41°45.551'N. 70°07.32'W. Quivett Creek Light. 41°47.269'N. 70°01.411'W. to Namskaket (4039) (C) Hull, MA to Race Point, MA. Creek (4040) (1) A line drawn from Canal Breakwater Light 4 41°47.418'N. 70°01.306'W. Namskaket south to the shoreline. 41°47.961'N. 70°0.561'W. 41°48.07'N. 70°0.514'W. Creek (4041) (2) [Reserved] 41°48.432'N. 70°0.286'W. to Rock Harbor (4042) (2) Unit 2. Unit 2 includes marine waters from Creek Cape Fear, North Carolina, southward to 28°N latitude Rock Harbor Creek (approximately 31 miles south of Cape Canaveral, to Boat Meadow Florida) within the area bounded on the west by the River shoreline and the 72 COLREGS lines, and on the east by 41°48.483'N. 70°0.216'W. Boat Meadow rhumb lines connecting the following points in the order River stated from north to south. 41°48.777'N. 70°0.317'W. to Herring River (4043) 41°48.983'N. 70°0.196'W. Herring River Latitude Longitude 41°55.501'N. 70°03.51'W. to Herring 33°51'N. at shoreline 33°42'N. 77°43'W. River, inside 33°37'N. 77°47'W. Wellfleet Harbor 41°55.322'N. 70°03.191'W. Herring 33°28'N. 78°33'W. River, inside 32°59'N. 78°50'W. 41°53.922'N. 70°01.333'W. Wellfleet 32°17'N. 79°53'W. Harbor 31°31'N. 80°33'W. 41°54.497'N. 70°01.182'W. 30°43'N. 80°49'W. to Blackfish 30°30'N. 81°01'W. 41°55.503'N. 70°02.07'W. Creek/Loagy 29°45'N. 81°01'W. 41°55.753'N. 70°02.281'W. Bay 29°15'N. 80°55'W. 41°59.481'N. 70°04.779'W. 29°08'N. 80°51'W. 41°59.563'N. 70°04.718'W. Blackfish 28°50'N. 80°39'W. 41°03.601'N. 70°14.269'W. Creek/Loagy 28°38'N. 80°30'W. Bay 28°28'N. 80°26'W. 28°24'N. 80°27'W. to Duck Creek Duck Creek to Pamet River Pamet River to Hatches Harbor 41°03.601'N. 70°14.416'W. Hatches 28°21'N. 80°31'W. 41°48.708'N. 69°56.319'W. Harbor 28°16'N. 80°31'W. 28°11'N. 80°33'W. to Nauset 28°00'N. 80°29'W. Harbor

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2    ¢    159 Latitude Longitude (4044) (c) Overview maps of the designated critical habitat 28°00'N. at shoreline for the North Atlantic right whale follow.

160    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 2  

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    161 Cape Cod To Sandy Hook (1) The Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Sandy Hook and covered with cultivated fields and orchards, and embraces part of the coast of Massachusetts and all of occasional groves of trees. the coasts of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York. (10) Westerly from Point Judith to Napatree Point is To the mariner this area presents problems of unusual a continuous line of beaches behind which are many difficulty because of the off-lying shoals, strong and saltponds. These ponds have been formed by the variable currents, large amounts of fog, and turbulence sea breaking through the outer sand barrier and then of wind and sea in the great storms that so frequently depositing sand to close the opening. The shore near the sweep it. Additionally, the mariner is faced with the great water is low, grassy, and nearly level, but gradually rises volume of waterborne traffic that moves through the area with a series of gentle curves to higher wooded lands to and from the Port of New York. some distance back. (11) Block Island is another formation of the glacier. (2) A prominent feature of the island is the entire absence of trees. The surface when viewed from eastward has Prominent features a grassy undulating appearance, and the hills in many (3) The principal geographic features include Georges places show steep sandy faces. Near the shoreline the land is low, but rapidly rises toward the center of the Bank, Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards Bay, island to steep hills covered only with grass and dotted Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound and tributaries, and occasionally with houses. New York Harbor and tributaries including the Hudson (12) The boundary line between Rhode Island and River. Connecticut follows the Pawcatuck River to above the (4) Cape Cod, a long peninsula jutting eastward from head of navigation. the mainland of Massachusetts, may be likened to an arm (13) The coastline of Connecticut is rockbound and bent upward at the elbow. It was originally formed by the rugged, with numerous sandy beaches and occasional salt last great glacier and has been refashioned by the seas meadows or marshland. The surface is mildly rolling near and wind. The outer end of The Cape, as it is called by the shore. The depression of small valleys along the shore eastern New Englanders, is a barren region of sand dunes has created a number of good harbors. The shoreline has with long yellow beaches, while much of the remainder of been well developed commercially and residentially. It the forearm is bleak grassy country. The southern side of is lined with seaside resorts, State parks, and bathing the delta-like plain of Cape Cod has been cut along high beaches. bluffs by the surf and waves. This section of the coast is (14) The boundary line between Connecticut and New covered with growth of pitch pine and scrub oak. York follows the Byram River for slightly over 1 mile. (5) Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, the Elizabeth Islands, (15) Long Island, originally formed by the glacier and and numerous smaller islands were also formed by the thrusting about 105 miles eastward from New York Bay glacier. The plains of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket to a point abreast of New London, faces the New England are broad grassy heaths. The Elizabeth Islands are hilly coast across Long Island Sound on the north. Its eastern and partly wooded, and generally the shores are low end is split by Peconic Bay and the 35- and 25-mile bluffs. peninsulas thus formed are the north and south flukes. (6) The western shore of Buzzards Bay is of moderate The island is almost a plain. On the north coast, bluffs height, very gently sloping, cleared, and cultivated with rise to a height of 200 feet. South of these, extending well occasional groves of trees. Several towns and the city of into the island’s midsection, run several chains of hills. New Bedford are visible along the shores. The south shore is a barrier beach from about 30 miles (7) Between Buzzards and Narragansett Bays the coast west of the eastern extremity to the western end, which is a mass of sand dunes with steep faces forming a line has been developed into a series of bathing resorts. along the shore. Several headlands along this stretch of coast have fine sand beaches between them. (16) (8) The boundary line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island strikes the coast just westward of Quicksand Disposal Sites and Dumping Grounds Point. (17) These areas are rarely mentioned in the Coast Pilot, (9) Among the islands in Narragansett Bay are Rhode (Aquidneck) Island, Conanicut, and Prudence. These but are shown on the nautical charts. (See Disposal Sites rather large islands are gently sloping, undulating, and Dumping Grounds, chapter 1, and charts for limits.)

162    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (18) recommendation of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Controlling depth in a channel is its least depth; it Aids to navigation restricts use of the channel to drafts less than that depth. (19) Lights and buoys are the principal guides that mark (33) Where deepwater channels are maintained by the Corps of Engineers and the controlling depths are the approaches to the important harbors. Many of the printed on the charts in tabular form, the Coast Pilot light stations have sound signals, particularly those in usually gives only the project depths. Owing to constant the vicinity of the larger ports. shoaling in places, depths may vary considerably between (20) (See the Light List for a complete description of maintenance dredgings; consult the Notice to Mariners navigational aids.) for channel depths subsequent to charted information. (21) Radar is an important aid in most of this area, (34) Where secondary channels are maintained regularly but should not be relied upon for ranges to the beach by the Corps of Engineers, the Coast Pilot gives the in areas such as the south coast of Long Island which controlling depths together with the dates of the latest offer a relatively low relief. Many of the coastal buoys surveys. are equipped with radar reflectors. Radar is of particular (35) In the case of other channels, the controlling depths importance in detecting other traffic and in the prevention printed in the Coast Pilot are from the latest available of collisions during periods of low visibility, which are reports which may, however, be several years old. common in this area. (36) (22) Anchorages COLREGS Demarcation Lines (37) There are numerous anchorages in Nantucket and (23) Lines have been established to delineate those Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards, Narragansett, and Gardiners waters upon which mariners must comply with the Bays, and Long Island Sound, where vessels with good Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980 (Inland Rules). ground tackle can ride out any gale. Between Cape Cod The waters inside of the lines are Inland Rules Waters, and Sandy Hook, the more important harbors, either and the waters outside of the lines are COLREGS commercially or as harbors of refuge, are New Bedford, Waters. (See 33 CFR 80, chapter 2, for specific lines of Newport, Providence, New London, New Haven, and demarcation.) Bridgeport on the mainland, Greenport and Port Jefferson on Long Island, City Island, New York, and vast New (24) York Harbor. (See 33 CFR 110, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Ports and Waterways Safety (25) (See 33 CFR 160, chapter 2, for regulations (38) governing vessel operations and requirements for Marine Protected Areas notification of arrivals, hazardous conditions, and certain (39) The chapters that follow may contain references to dangerous cargoes to the Captain of the Port.) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) occurring in navigable coastal waters of the NE Atlantic coast. This critical environmental information is intended to inform readers (26) Regulated Navigation Areas have been established about the location, purpose, and legal restrictions of within the navigable waters of the First Coast Guard coastal MPAs, with an emphasis on activities of interest District to increase operational safety for towing vessels to the maritime community. For detailed information on and tank barges. (See 33 CFR165.100, chapter 2, for MPAs, visit marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov. Some of limits and regulations.) the major MPAs are listed below. (40) Northern Inshore Lobster Waters includes the (27) State waters of RI, MA, NH, and ME. (41) Northern Nearshore Lobster Waters includes the Harbor entrances Federal waters of RI, MA, NH, and ME. (28) The entrances to most of the harbors have dredged (42) Offshore Lobster Waters, about 60 miles offshore to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) edge, extend channels marked with navigational aids and are easy of from the U.S. Canadian border to Cape Hatteras, NC. access. In some cases jetties and breakwaters extend (43) Southern Nearshore Lobster Waters and Mid- offshore from the entrances. The entrances to the inlets Atlantic Coastal Waters Area includes the State and along the south shore of Long Island are subject to Federal waters along the continental shelf from Long frequent change due to the shifting sand bars. Island to Cape Hatteras, NC. (29) Traffic Separation Schemes (Traffic Lanes) have been established in the approaches to Buzzards Bay, (44) Narragansett Bay, and New York Harbor. (See chapters 5, 6, and 11, respectively, for details.) Dangers (30) Vessel Traffic Service, New York, operated by the (45) Themostimportantdangersconfrontingthenavigator U.S. Coast Guard, serves New York Harbor. (See 33 CFR 161.1 through 161.25, chapter 2, for regulations.) when approaching the area are the great banks and shoals in the eastern approach. The remainder of the isolated (31) Channels (32) Federal project depth is the dredging depth of a channel as authorized by an Act of Congress upon

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    163 dangers throughout the area and in the approaches to the (52) Seasonal occurrence of North Atlantic right harbors are for the most part well marked and charted. whales—During seasons and in areas where right whales may occur, vessel operators should maintain a sharp (46) lookout for whales and reduce speeds when consistent with safe navigation. In any given year oceanographic Pipelaying barges variability may affect the seasonal distribution of right (47) With the increased number of pipeline laying whales. In 1986, right whales were frequently sighted within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary operations, operators of all types of vessels should be throughout the summer, and in the early spring of 1998 a aware of the dangers of passing close aboard, close large number of right whales were documented near the ahead, or close astern of a jetbarge or pipelaying barge. Narragansett/Buzzards Bay Traffic Separation Scheme. Pipelaying barges and jetbarges usually move at 0.5 knot Two areas in U.S. waters have been designated as critical or less and have anchors which extend out about 3,500 to habitats for North Atlantic right whales; the northeastern 5,000 feet in all directions and which may be marked by foraging area and southeastern calving area. (See 50 CFR lighted anchor buoys. The exposed pipeline behind the 226.203, chapter 2 for limits, regulations and exceptions). pipelaying barge and the area in the vicinity of anchors are hazardous to navigation and should be avoided. The (53) pipeline and anchor cables also represent a submerged hazard to navigation. It is suggested, if safe navigation Seasonal occurrence of North Atlantic right whales permits, for all types of vessels to pass well ahead of the pipelaying barge or well astern of the jetbarge. The Location Season Comments pipelaying barge, jetbarge, and attending vessels may Central Gulf of Maine be contacted on VHF-FM channel 16 (156.80 MHz) for (Jordan Basin, April-June passage instructions. Cashes Ledge) October-December Cape Cod Bay (48) Great South Channel, December-May northern edge of North Atlantic Right Whales Georges Bank March-July (49) The North Atlantic right whale is one of the world's Bay of Fundy, Scotian Shelf (Browns Bank, July-October Most of the population most endangered large whale species. NorthAtlantic right Roseway Basin) October-December can be found in this whales are found primarily in continental shelf waters area during this time. between Florida and Nova Scotia. They migrate annually Jeffreys Ledge Year-round along the east coast between the feeding grounds off New November-April Whales are frequently England and Canada and the calving grounds off Florida, Stellwagen Bank sighted in this area. Georgia and South Carolina. Because right whales mate, National Marine November-April rest, feed and nurse their young at the surface, and often Sanctuary Peak sightings occur do not move out of the way of oncoming ships, they are in the early spring with highly vulnerable to being struck. Pregnant females and New York to North infrequent sightings in females with nursing calves appear to be particularly Carolina the summer. vulnerable to collisions with ships. Ship strikes and fishing gear entanglements are the two known sources South Carolina, The migration corridor of human-related mortality. Intentionally approaching Georgia and Florida between right whale within 500 yards of right whales is prohibited and is a calving area habitats is within 30 violation of federal law. (See 50 CFR 224.103, chapter miles of the Atlantic 2 for limits, regulations and exceptions.) coast. (50) Description of North Atlantic right whale: Right whales are large baleen whales. Adults are generally 45 Calving right whales to 55 feet in length and can weigh up to 70 tons. The body have been sighted is mostly black, but irregularly shaped white patches may as far north as Cape be present on the ventral surface. The best field Fear, NC and as far identification marks are a broad back with no dorsal fin, south as Miami, FL irregular bumpy white patches (callosities) on the head, with rare sightings in and a distinctive two-column V-shaped blow when the Gulf of Mexico. viewed from directly behind or in front of the whale. The whales have broad, paddle-shaped flippers and a broad, (54) Mandatory Speed Restrictions: Vessels 65 feet or deeply notched tail. (See following diagrams and greater in length overall (L.O.A.) are subject to mandatory photographs.) Right whales are slow moving and seldom speed restrictions of 10 knots or less in seasonal travel faster than 5 or 6 knots. They can stay submerged management areas (SMA) along the U.S. East Coast for 10 to 20 minutes and may appear suddenly when during times when right whales are likely to be present surfacing to breathe. They are often seen alone or in small (See following maps for locations of SMAs). The groups. At times, right whales form large courtship Northeastern SMA speed restrictions are in place from groups of 20 to 30 animals. January 1 through May 15 in Cape Cod Bay, from March 1 through April 30 off Race Point, and from April 1 through July 31 in the Great South Channel. Speed restrictions in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. SMAs are in place from November 1 to April 30 and include Block Island Sound, entry into the Ports of New York/New Jersey, Delaware Bay, Entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and the Ports of Morehead City and Beaufort, NC, and within a continuous boundary approximately 20 nautical miles from shore around the major ports of Wilmington, NC,

164    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (51)

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    165 Charleston, SC and Savannah, GA. Speed restrictions are (63) Precautions when transiting right whale habitat in place in the Southeastern U.S. SMA from November and areas of recently reported right whale sightings: 15 toApril 15; this area extends from shore approximately NOAA recommends the following precautionary 30 nautical miles eastward and contains the major ports measures be taken to avoid adverse interactions with of Brunswick, GA, Fernandina Beach, FL and North Atlantic right whales: Jacksonville, FL. (See 50 CFR 224.105, chapter 2 for regulations, limitations, and exceptions and complete (64) Before entering right whale habitat (See “Seasonal description of the SMAs.) Boundaries of the SMAs are Occurrence” table), check Coast Guard Broadcast shown on NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts Notices to Mariners, NAVTEX, NOAA Weather Radio, US2EC02M,US2EC03M,US2EC04M,andUS2GC12M. Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) system, Cape Cod NOAA Fisheries may also establish voluntary Dynamic Canal Vessel Traffic Control, the Bay of Fundy Vessel Management Areas (DMAs) when right whales are Traffic Control, as well as other sources for recent right present in areas and times not covered by the SMAs. whale sighting reports. Local ship pilots also have Information about established DMAs will be announced information on whale sightings and safe local operating over NOAA's customary maritime communication procedures. media. Mariners are encouraged to avoid or reduce speeds to 10 knots or less while transiting through DMAs. (65) Review right whale identification materials and maintain a sharp watch with lookouts familiar with (56) spotting whales. Although right whales are large, their dark color and lack of a dorsal fin can make them difficult Area to be avoided to spot. (57) In order to significantly reduce the risk of ship strikes (66) Avoid transiting through the right whale habitats to the North Atlantic right whale, an area to be avoided and areas where right whales have recently been sighted. was established in the Great South Channel, east of the If transiting between ports within critical habitats, Boston Harbor traffic lanes. Ships of 300 gross tons and minimize transit distance. Route around observed or above should avoid the area bounded by lines connecting recently reported right whales and anticipate delays due the following geographical positions: to prudent seamanship in response to whale sightings. (58) 41°44'08\"N., 69°34'50\"W.; Avoid transits at night or during periods of low visibility. (59) 42°10'00\"N., 68°31'00\"W.; (60) 41°24'53\"N., 68°31'00\"W.; and (67) If a right whale is sighted from the ship or reported (61) 40°50'28\"N., 68°58'40\"W. between the period of along the intended track of the ship, mariners should April 1 through July 31 exercise caution, post a lookout and reduce speed to 10 knots when consistent with safe navigation. If a right whale is sighted, a vessel must steer a course away from the right whale and immediately leave the area at slow (62) Early Warning and Sighting Advisory Systems: safe speed. Do not assume right whales will move out As weather and conditions permit, dedicated seasonal of the way of an approaching vessel. Mariners should programs of aerial and vessel surveys are conducted keep in mind that it is illegal to approach a right whale in the Northeast and Southeast U.S. to provide whale closer than 500 yards. (See 50 CFR 224.103, chapter 2 sighting information to mariners. Surveys typically occur for limits, regulations and exceptions.) in the following locations at the specified times: a) Cape Cod Bay, the Gulf of Maine, the Great South Channel, (68) Any whale accidentally struck, dead whale carcass, and Rhode Island, Block Island, and Long Island and sighting of an injured or entangled whale should Sounds from January through July; b) South Carolina/ be reported immediately to the Coast Guard or NOAA North Carolina border south to Crescent Beach, FL from National Marine Fisheries Service noting the precise December through March. Survey planes occasionally location, date and time of the accident or sighting. Call use VHF-FM channel 16 to contact ships directly if 866–755–6622 for reports to NOAA for the area from whales have been spotted in close proximity to that vessel. Virginia to Maine or 877–942–5343 (877–WHALE– However, many right whales go undetected by surveys. HELP) for the area from North Carolina to Florida. In the Seasonal right whale advisories and sighting reports are event of a strike or sighting of a dead, injured or entangled broadcast periodically for these and surrounding areas by whale, the following information should be provided: Coast Guard Broadcast Notice to Mariners, NAVTEX, NOAA Weather Radio, Cape Cod Canal Vessel Traffic (69) location, date, and time of the accident or sighting Control, the Bay of Fundy Vessel Traffic Control, and of a carcass or an entangled whale, are included in the return message from the Right Whale Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) systems. General (70) speed and course of the vessel, sighting information may be obtained by sending an (71) vessel specifications such as size and propulsion, e-mail to [email protected] (Northeast) or se.rw. (72) water depth, [email protected] (Southeast). (73) environmental conditions such as visibility, wind speed and direction, (74) description of the impact, (75) fate of the animal, and (76) species and size, if known.

166    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (55) Portland Feeding Areas Boston Mar 1 - Apr 30 Apr 1 - Jul 31 Providence Jan 1- 42°N May 15 Northeast U.S. Seasonal Management Areas Port Mandatory Ship Reporting Area N Cape Cod Bay Seasonal Management Area Off Race Point Seasonal Management Area Great South Channel Seasonal Management Area 40°N Boston Traffic Separation Scheme 72°W 70°W 68°W New York New London Philadelphia Block Island Baltimore 40°N Norfolk Migratory Route & Calving Grounds November 1 through April 30 Morehead City 35°N Wilmington, NC A Charleston D B E C Mid-Atlantic U.S. Seasonal Management Areas Savannah Mid-Atlantic Seasonal Management Area Waypoints Ports F Mid-Atlantic Seasonal Management Areas N G 75°W 70°W 80°W

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    167 (77) Recommended Two-Way Routes to Avoid calling 1–800–742–8519x0. Vessels equipped only with Whales: To reduce the possibility of vessel strikes with VHF-FM voice communications should submit reports right whales, Two-Way Routes were developed for to the nearest U.S. Coast Guard Sector. vessels entering and transiting through Cape Cod Bay (86) and arriving and departing the ports of Brunswick, GA, Fernandina Beach, FL and Jacksonville, FL. The routes Example Report were developed from an analysis of historical right whale sightings and are designed to reduce the likelihood of WHALESNORTH adverse interactions between large vessels and right WHALESNORTH// whales. The routes are found on the latest NOAA M/487654321// Nautical Charts. In 2007, the northern leg of the Boston A/CALYPSO/NRUS// Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) was shifted to direct B/031401Z APR// ship traffic away from an area of high whale density. Use E/345// of the modified TSS is expected to considerably reduce F/10.0// the risk of striking a whale. H/031410Z APR/4104N/06918W// I/BOSTON/032345Z APR// (78) Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems (MSR) L/WP/4104N/06918W/15.5// WHALESNORTH and WHALESSOUTH: Mandatory L/WP/4210N/06952W/15.5// Ship Reporting (MSR) systems require all vessels, 300 L/WP/4230N/07006W/15.5// gross tons or greater, to report to the U.S. Coast Guard upon entering two designated reporting areas off the east WHALESSOUTH coast of the United States. (See 33 CFR 169, chapter 2, WHALESSOUTH// for limits and regulations.) Sovereign immune vessels M/412345678// are exempt from the requirement to report, but are A/BEAGLE/NVES// encouraged to participate. B/270810Z MAR// E/250// (79) Thetworeportingsystemswilloperateindependently F/10.0// of each other. The system in the northeastern United H/270810Z MAR/3030N/08052W// States will operate year round and the system in the I/MAYPORT/271215Z MAR// southeastern United States will operate each year from L/RL/17.0// November 15 through April 15. Reporting ships are only required to make reports when entering a reporting area (87) during a single voyage (that is, a voyage in which a ship is in the area). Ships are not required to report when leaving Charts 13204, 13200, 13203 a port in the reporting area nor when exiting the system. (88) Georges Bank is an extensive bank with depths (80) Mariners should check all MSR messages carefully of less than 50 fathoms, extending for over 150 miles before transmittal to ensure the message includes the northeastward from the offshore end of Nantucket Shoals. correct address and format. Additional greeting or comments in the message will preclude message receipt (89) In heavy weather the danger area may be considered by the MSR system. Failure to receive a timely return to be the oval-shaped top of the bank which is about 80 message from the MSR system that provides locations of miles long in a northeast and southwest direction and recent right whale sightings and precautionary guidance which has a maximum width of about 50 miles. The should be reported to the local Coast Guard Sector Office. bottom within this area is extremely broken and irregular, with a great number of ridges and shoal spots having (81) Northeastern reporting system/Southeastern depths of less than 10 fathoms. Between these shoals are reporting system (See 33 CFR 169.105 and 169.115, channels of varying widths in which depths of about 20 chapter 2, for limits.) fathoms may be found. All of this area lies within the 30-fathom curve and so much of it has depths of less than (82) Vessels shall make reports in accordance with the 20 fathoms that it may practically all be considered to lie format in IMO Resolution A.858 (20) in accordance within a generalized 20-fathom curve. with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 74). (See 33 CFR 169.135 and (90) On the southeast side of the bank, outside the 169.140, chapter 2, for additional information.) Vessels 20-fathom curve, the water deepens gradually and with should report via INMARSAT C or via alternate satellite such regularity that soundings would be of considerable communications to one of the following addresses: value in approaching the bank. On the northwest side the water deepens more rapidly. (83) Email: [email protected] or (84) Telex: 48156090. (85) Vessels not equipped with INMARSAT C or Telex should submit reports to the U.S. Coast Guard's Communication Area Master Station Atlantic (CAMSLANT) via HF voice frequencies on 4125 kHz, 6215 kHz, 8291 kHz, 12290 kHz, and 16420 kHz or by

168    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (91) The bottom is generally of sand, sometimes with (98) shell, and in places pebbles. Bottom samples as obtained during surveys are shown in a great many places on the Area to be avoided charts. (99) Because of the great danger of stranding and for (92) The two principal dangers on Georges Bank are reasons of environmental protection, the International Georges Shoal and Cultivator Shoal, which are near the Maritime Organization (IMO) has established an area to center of the danger area. Around these shoals the sea be avoided in the area of Nantucket Shoals. All vessels breaks in depths of 10 fathoms during heavy weather, and carrying cargoes of oil or hazardous materials and all the locality should be avoided by deep-draft vessels. other vessels of more than 1,000 gross tons should avoid the area bounded by the following points: (93) Georges Shoal is a ridge about 13 miles long on (100) 41°16.5'N., 70°12.5'W.; which are several shallow depths of 1½ to 3 fathoms. (101) 40°43.2'N., 70°00.5'W.; (102) 40°44.5'N., 69°19.0'W.; (94) Cultivator Shoal, about 20 miles westward of (103) 41°04.5'N., 69°19.0'W.; Georges Shoal, is a ridge nearly 15 miles long, on which (104) 41°23.5'N., 69°31.5'W.; and depths of 3 to 10 fathoms are found. The 3-fathom spot (105) 41°23.4'N., 70°02.8'W. is near the north end of the shoal. In 1980, a submerged obstruction was reported about 8.7 miles northwest of the 3-fathom spot in about 41°43'N., 68°23'W.; vessels engaged in bottom operations are advised to exercise (106) The currents in the area are strong and erratic, caution in the area. reaching a velocity of 3 to 5 knots around the edges of the shoals. They are made erratic by the obstruction of the (95) The entire area within the 20-fathom curve has an shoals, in some cases being deflected to such an extent extremely broken bottom. There are numerous ridges and as to cause the direction to change 180° from one side of shoal spots on which depths dangerous to navigation, the shoal to the other. particularly in heavy weather, may be found. These shoal spots generally have steep sides, and very little or (107) The tidal current over the shoals is rotary, turning no indication of their existence is given by soundings. clockwise. Observations in the area indicate an average Tide rips and swirls, as well as overfalls, are common velocity at strength of about 2.5 knots, but this probably in the vicinity of these spots, but are not always visible. varies appreciably from place to place. Similarly the They show best with a smooth sea and with the current direction of the current at strength probably depends on flowing in certain directions. These disturbances are the orientation of channels between shoal areas. not usually over the shoalest depths, but are commonly alongside them. Small, detached overfalls may be seen (108) Since the current is rotary, there is no true slack. in 20 fathoms of water. The tidal currents are rotary with Observations in the area show an average minimum of no period of slack water. The velocity at strength is about about 0.5 knot. 2 knots, and the velocity of the minimum current which occurs about midway between the times of strength is (109) The tidal current south of Asia Rip is rotary, turning about 1 knot. The hourly velocities and directions of the clockwise. The average velocity at strength is 0.8 knot; tidal current are shown by means of current roses on the average minimum is 0.6 knot. National Ocean Service charts. (110) Hourly average velocities and directions for Davis (96) A navigator must bear in mind while in an area of this Bank and the area south of Asia Rip, referred to predicted character that it is impossible for the surveyor, without a times of maximum flood at Pollock Rip Channel, are vast expenditure of time, to determine and locate all of furnished in the Tidal Current Tables. However the tidal the shoalest spots on the many dangerous shoals found. currents are appreciably influenced by winds. Sudden shoaling on such a bank must be considered an indication of possibly dangerous water. This bank has not (111) Nantucket Shoals should be entirely avoided by been wire dragged. deep-draft vessels when possible and by light-draft vessels without local knowledge, on account of the (97) Nantucket Shoals is the general name of the treacherous currents. There are, however, channels numerous different broken shoals which lie southeastward through these various shoals which can be negotiated of Nantucket Island and make this one of the most with local knowledge and caution. In calm weather at dangerous parts of the coast of the United States for the slack water these shoals are sometimes difficult to see, navigator. These shoals extend 23 miles eastward and and a vessel is liable to be taken into shoaler water than 40 miles southeastward from Nantucket Island. They are was intended. shifting in nature, and the depths vary from 3 to 4 feet on some to 4 and 5 fathoms on others, while slues with (112) Calm, clear days are few; when the sea is calm it is depths of 10 fathoms or more lead between those farthest usually foggy, and when clear, it is usually rough. Also offshore. The easterly edge of the shoals has depths of 3 to be expected is a considerable amount of hazy weather, and 4 fathoms in places. which limits visibility. (113) Should it become necessary to anchor in this area, open sea anchorage may be had anywhere that depths permit. Due consideration should be given to the close proximity of shoals and possibility of dragging due to the winds and currents. Generally it has been found best

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    169 to avoid the deeper channels and, when rougher water is (128) The unmarked channel westward of Fishing Rip is experienced, to anchor in the lee of a shoal, which would obstructed by three shoals in the northern section which tend to knock down the heavier swells. A scope of five to have least-found depths of 7½, 4½, and 10 fathoms. In the one or greater should always be used. southern part of this channel are four shoals with depths of 8 to 10 fathoms. (114) (129) Davis Bank, the innermost of the outer Nantucket North Atlantic Right Whales Shoals, is bow-shaped and has depths of 2¾ to 10 fathoms (115) Endangered North Atlantic right whales may occur of water over it. The bank is about 30 miles long north and south and has a greatest width of 4 miles. The wreck of along the northern edge of Georges Bank (peak season: the vessel PROGRESS is off the inner edge of the bank March through July). (See North Atlantic Right Whales, about 13 miles north-northeastward of the southern end indexed as such, in this chapter for more information of the bank. on right whales and recommended measures to avoid collisions.) (130) The channel westward of Davis Bank is marked on (116) All vessels 65 feet or greater in length overall its west side by lighted and unlighted buoys. A racon is (L.O.A.) and subject to the jurisdiction of the United at the northernmost lighted buoy. The use of this channel States are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less in should be restricted to clear weather due to the strong the Great South Channel Seasonal Management Area currents encountered throughout this area. between April 1 and July 31. The area is defined as the waters bounded by: (131) (117) 42°30'N., 69°45'W.; (118) 42°30'N., 67°27'W.; Chart 13200 (119) 42°09'N., 67°08.4'W.; (120) 41°00'N., 69°05'W.; (132) The inner Nantucket Shoals all lie within the (121) 41°40'N., 69°45'W.; thence back to starting point. 10-fathom curve. The area is very foul. Only a few of (See 50 CFR 224.105, chapter 2, for regulations, the shoals are described. Davis South Shoal, about 20 limitations, and exceptions.) miles south-southeast of Sankaty Head, consists of two spots of 2¾ and 2½ fathoms about 1.5 miles apart. (133) Old South Shoal, consisting of two spots of 2½ (122) Georges Bank Closure Areas, Marine Protected fathoms with a 2-fathom spot and foul ground between Areas (MPAs), extend S and E of Cape Cod to the them, is about 13.5 miles southeast of Sankaty Head. This boundary with the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). shoal is unmarked. Nantucket Lightship Closed Areas include waters S and E of Nantucket Island extending to the west edge of (134) Georges Bank. Charts 13200, 13237 (123) Nantucket Shoals is made up of the following parts: (124) Phelps Bank, the southeasternmost part of the (135) Great Rip, about 13 miles east-southeast of Sankaty Head, has depths of 1 to 2¾ fathoms. This shoal is about Nantucket Shoals, is about 6.5 miles long and 2.5 miles 7 miles long north and south and 1 to 2 miles wide. About wide. A lighted whistle buoy, marking the entrance to the 1.5 miles westward of Great Rip and separated from it by Boston Harbor Traffic Separation Scheme, is about 12 depths of 14 to 19 fathoms is an unnamed and unmarked miles eastward of Phelps Bank. shoal of 1½ to 2½ fathoms. Breakers are usually observed (125) Asia Rip, the shoalest point of the bank with 5¾ on the shoal. fathoms, is at the southern end. The wreck of the SS OREGON, covered 3¼ fathoms, is at 40°45'N., 69°19'W., (136) Rose and Crown is a boot-shaped shoal with its 3 miles south-southeastward of Asia Rip. southern end about 10.5 miles east of Sankaty Head. The (126) Middle Rip, with a least-found depth of 4 fathoms shoal extends about 5 miles northward and then 3 miles and lying north-northwest of Phelps Bank, is about 13.5 westward. Depths of 1¼ and 1½ fathoms are found in the miles long and 4.5 miles wide. This shoal consists of two leg of the boot, a depth of ½ fathom forms the heel, and large parts with depths of 4 fathoms on the east and 6 a depth of 1¼ fathoms is found in the toe. Northward of fathoms on the west, separated by a channel with a depth the toe of Rose and Crown is a shoal with foul ground of 7 fathoms and four outlying shoals of 8 to 10 fathoms. and spots of 1½ and 2½ fathoms. Rose and Crown breaks (127) Fishing Rip, bow-shaped, with depths of 3 to 10 heavily. fathoms, is about 26 miles long north and south and 6.5 miles wide at its widest point. The north point is 20 miles (137) Bass Rip, about 2.5 miles eastward of Sankaty 073° and the south point is 27.5 miles 136°, respectively, Head, is about 3.5 miles long north and south. A depth of from Sankaty Head Light. A large wreck area is near the ½ fathom is 3 miles 115° from the light. The northern end southern part of Fishing Rip. A wreck and a submerged of the shoal has a depth of 2 fathoms. Old Man Shoal obstruction are also near the southern portion of the extends 4.5 miles southwestward from a point 1.5 miles rip in about 41°00.0'N., 69°27.0'W. and 41°01.0'N., off the southeastern end of Nantucket Island. Depths of 69°29.7'W., respectively. 1¼ to 2¾ fathoms are found on this shoal. (138) McBlair Shoal, the northernmost of the Nantucket Shoals and marked on its northern side by lighted buoys,

170    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   forms part of the southern side of Great Round Shoal side by the 100-fathom curve. They may be traced from Channel. Depths on this shoal vary from 2¼ to 3½ depths of 1,000 fathoms or more to the shoaler areas of fathoms. the Continental Shelf. The navigator who has available (139) Great South Channel is the passage between the some means of echo sounding should have in mind the easternmost of the Nantucket Shoals and the westernmost various canyons found in this locality. The soundings in shoal spots of Georges Bank. The approximate center of crossing them are very characteristic in each case, and the channel extends from 40°36'N., 68°55'W. to 41°38'N., such soundings may be used to determine the vessel’s 68°55'W. The channel is about 27 miles wide and has position with considerable accuracy. depths of 19 fathoms and greater throughout, with lesser (150) The names of some of the most important submarine depths along the eastern and western edges. The Great canyons are shown on the charts. The longitude South Channel is a feeding area for endangered North following the name is approximate and only given Atlantic right whales in spring and summer (peak season: to assist in locating the feature on the chart. Corsair March through July, although right whales have been Canyon, 66°10'W., on the eastern side of Georges seen in the area year round). Bank, has a northwesterly trend. On the southern side (140) Great South Channel lies within the federally and toward the western end of Georges Bank, having designated critical habitat for North Atlantic right a northerly trend, are Lydonia Canyon, 67°40'W.; whales. In some years, more than a third of the remaining Gilbert Canyon, 67°50'W.; Oceanographer Canyon, population of North Atlantic right whales can be found in 68°05'W.; and Welker Canyon, 68°30'W. Southeastward the Great South Channel at any one time. It is illegal to and southward of Nantucket Shoals, having a northerly approach closer than 500 yards of any right whale. (See trend, are Hydrographer Canyon, 69°00'W.; Veatch 50 CFR 224.103(c), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Canyon, 69°35'W.; and Atlantis Canyon, 70°15'W. It is recommended that all large vessels (over 100 gross Block Canyon, 71°20'W., is south-southeasterly of tons) avoid operating in the critical habitat during the Block Island Sound and has a north-northwesterly trend. peak period of right whale occurrence (March through Hudson Canyon, 72°20'W., extends northwestward to July). When the area cannot be avoided, precautionary the mouth of the Hudson River. The inshore section of measures should be taken to reduce the risk of ship this canyon is called Mud Gorge. strikes. (See North Atlantic Right Whales, indexed as (151) Many vessels have been wrecked along this coast as such, in chapter 3 for more information on right whales a result of collision, foundering, and other causes. Most and recommended measures to avoid collisions with of the offshore wrecks have been located and surveyed to whales.) determine the least depth over the highest projecting part. (141) All vessels 65 feet or greater in length overall Dangerous wrecks for the most part are marked by buoys (L.O.A.) and subject to the jurisdiction of the United of various colors and shapes and often show a quick- States are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less in flashing or an interrupted quick-flashing light. the Great South Channel Seasonal Management Area (152) Many vessels have grounded in fog on the south between April 1 and July 31. The area is defined as the side of Long Island and on Block Island. Probably many waters bounded by: of these wrecks could have been avoided if frequent (142) 42°30'N., 69°45'W. soundings had been taken in approaching the coast. (143) 42°30'N., 67°27'W. Vessels equipped to do so should make good use of the (144) 42°09'N., 67°08.4'W. electronic aids to navigation systems along the coast to (145) 41°00'N., 69°05'W. check their position frequently. (146) 41°40'N., 69°45'W.; thence back to starting point. (153) The coastal waters contain numerous lobster pots. (See 50 CFR 224.105in chapter 2 for regulations, Small painted wooden buoys of various designs and limitations, and exceptions.) colors, secured by small lines, float on the surface; in (147) Vessels transiting within the Great South Channel some cases a second buoy, usually an unpainted wooden may transit into the WHALESNORTH Mandatory Ship stick or bottle and difficult to see, is attached to the lobster ReportingArea. Each self-propelled ship of 300 gross tons pot. These buoys extend from shore out to, and in many or greater entering WHALESNORTH must participate in cases across, the sailing routes. Small yachts and motor the Mandatory Ship Reporting System (See 33 CFR 169, boats are cautioned against fouling them, which is liable chapter 2, for limits and regulations, and chapter 3 for to result in a sprung shaft or lost propeller. Fishtraps and sample reports). Sovereign immune vessels are exempt fish havens are discussed in chapter 1. from the requirement to report, but are encouraged to (154) Fishweirs are numerous along the outside coast participate. and inside waters. The stakes often become broken off and form a hazard to navigation, especially at night. The areas within which fishweirs are permitted have been established under Federal authority and are shown on (148) Restricted Lobster and Gillnet Marine Protected charts of 1:80,000 scale and larger. The exact locations Areas (MPAs) are in Great South Channel. of the weirs within the designated areas are not shown. Strangers should proceed with caution when crossing (149) Submarine canyons are indentations in the edge of the Continental Shelf which is bounded on its seaward

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    171 areas of possible fishweirs, and should avoid crossing (165) Vessels equipped with echo sounding devices and such areas at night. following the 100-fathom curve along the south side of (155) Danger zones have been established within the area Georges Bank can frequently verify their position when of this Coast Pilot. (See 33 CFR 334, chapter 2, for limits crossing the several submarine gorges or canyons. and regulations.) (166) Approaching New York from the area south of Asia (156) Rip, a slight allowance should be made for a southwesterly set of the current. Should the wind be easterly, it is Drawbridges customary to allow, in order to make a course good, a set (157) The general regulations that apply to all drawbridges of the current with it of at least 0.5 knot. are given in 33 CFR 117.1 through 117.49, chapter 2, (167) The North Atlantic Lane Routes are described in and the specific regulations that apply only to certain NV PUB. 106, Atlas of Pilot Charts, North Atlantic drawbridges are given in 33 CFR 117, Subpart B, Ocean (including the Gulf of Mexico), published by the chapter 2. Where these regulations apply, references to National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Washington, them are made in the Coast Pilot under the name of the D.C. bridge or the waterway over which the bridge crosses. (158) The drawbridge opening signals (see 33 CFR 117.15, (168) Deep-draft vessels coming from Cape Hatteras, chapter 2) have been standardized for most drawbridges Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, or New York usually within the United States. The opening signals for those enter the precautionary area southeast of Asia Rip, then few bridges that are nonstandard are given in the specific head north through Great South Channel to Cape Cod or drawbridge regulations. The specific regulations also the Gulf of Maine. address matters such as restricted operating hours and required advance notice for openings. (169) Vessels of medium draft coming from the southward, (159) The mariner should be acquainted with the general or southbound from Boston or ports farther east, may and specific regulations for drawbridges over waterways use Cape Cod Canal, or Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds to be transited. via Pollock Rip Channel. Great Round Shoal Channel is also available, but seldom used, as an entrance to or exit (160) from Nantucket Sound. The controlling depth for these passages is from 27 to 32 feet. They avoid Nantucket Routes Shoals and are used by coasting vessels. Small vessels (161) Approaching this section of the coast is dangerous and pleasure craft usually pass through Long Island Sound when proceeding coastwise. for all vessels because of the off-lying banks and shoals, the strong and variable currents, frequency of fog, and (170) the broken nature of the bottom. Soundings alone are of little value in establishing the position of a vessel, but Currents the depth should be checked frequently to ensure that the (171) The Tidal Current Tables at tidesandcurrents. vessel clears all dangers. (162) In thick weather especially, the greatest caution is noaa.gov/currents13 should be consulted for specific necessary, and vessels equipped to do so should make information about times, directions, and velocities of the good and timely use of the electronic aids to navigation current at the numerous locations throughout the area. It systems to check their position frequently. The depth must be borne in mind that the current to which a vessel is should never be shoaled to less than 15 fathoms without subjected at any time is the combination of tidal current, an accurate fix having been obtained, and it is advisable wind current, and other currents such as those due to to remain offshore in depths of 20 fathoms or more. drainage or oceanic circulation. (163) The part of Georges Bank lying between latitude (172) Away from the immediate vicinity of the shore, the 41°05'N., and 42°00'N., and longitude 67°17'W., and tidal currents are generally rotary. They shift direction, 68°35'W. should be avoided. In heavy weather the sea usually clockwise, at an average rate of about 30° an hour. breaks on the spots with 10 fathoms or less, and strong They attain velocities of 1 to 2.4 knots or more throughout tide rips are encountered. The tide rips do not always the Nantucket Shoals-Georges Bank area, the larger indicate shoal water. velocities occurring generally over the shoaler parts of (164) Vessels passing southward of the dangerous part the area. Between Nantucket Island and Sandy Hook their of Georges Bank should keep in 30 fathoms or more. velocities generally do not exceed 0.5 knot except in the Approaching this part of the bank from eastward or vicinities of the entrances to the larger bays and inland southward, the water shoals gradually. Approaching from waterways, where the velocities increase as the entrances the westward, the depths are irregular and the water shoals are approached. For considerable distances from the abruptly in places of 20 fathoms or less. On the north entrances, strengths of flood and ebb set, respectively, side of Georges Bank between longitudes 66°00'W., and toward and away from those entrances, and minimums 68°00'W., the 100-fathom and 50-fathom curves are only of velocity, corresponding to the slacks of reversing a few miles apart, and when approaching the dangerous currents, set at right angles to the directions of the flood part of the bank from northward 50 fathoms may be taken and ebb strengths. as a good depth to avoid the shoals. (173) Offshore and away from the influence of the tidal flow into and out of the Gulf of Maine and the larger

172    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   bays, the tidal current maintains an approximate uniform Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service velocity. Shifting its direction continuously to the right, (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric it sets in all directions of the compass during each tidal Administration (NOAA). If further information is cycle of 12.4 hours. needed in relation to the content of the weather articles, (174) In the offshore area between Cape Cod and Sandy meteorological tables or climatological tables, contact Hook there is a resultant southward drift which is stronger the National Climatic Data Center, Attn: Customer in winter than in summer and has an average velocity less Service Division, Federal Building, 151 Patton Avenue, than 0.1 knot. Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801-5001. You may also contact the CSD at 828–271–4994 or fax your request to (175) 828–271–4876. (182) Climatological tables for coastal locations, Wind currents meteorological tables for the coastal ocean areas, and a (176) Wind currents are very complicated. Their velocities table of mean surface water temperatures and densities relevant to locations discussed within this volume are and directions depend upon a number of factors such as in Appendix B. The climatological tables are a special velocity, direction, and duration of the wind, the proximity extraction from the International Station Meteorological of the coast and the direction of the coastline. Generally Climate Summary. The ISMCS is a CD-ROM jointly in the Northern Hemisphere the wind-driven current sets produced by the National Climatic Data Center, Fleet somewhat to the right of the wind, but in coastal waters Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Detachment- there are many exceptions to this general rule, the current Asheville, and the U.S. Air Force Environmental often setting to the left of the wind, due to the tendency Technical Applications Center, Operating Location-A. of the current to follow the direction of the coastline or The meteorological tables for the ocean areas are to other local conditions. compiled from observations made by ships in passage (177) The velocity of the current relative to that of the and extracted from the National Climatic Data Center’s wind also varies with the location. It follows, therefore, Tape Deck-1129, Surface Marine Observations. Listed that local wind current information is desirable. Such in Appendix A are National Weather Service offices and information based upon extensive current and wind radio stations which transmit weather information. observations at a number of stations is given in the Tidal Current Tables. (183) (178) The largest current velocities likely to occur during storms at a number of locations offshore and in the sounds Extratropical Cyclones are given as follows: 1.5 miles east of Broken Part of (184) One of the biggest problems in these waters is Pollock Rip, 2.5 knots; Stone Horse Shoal, 4 knots; 1 mile east of Great Round Shoal Channel Lighted Buoy 2, the winter storm; the most powerful of these is the Nantucket Entrance, 2.5 knots; 13 miles southeast of Asia “Nor’easter”. It generates rough seas, strong winds and Rip, 2.5 knots; Cross Rip Shoal, 2.5 knots; Hedge Fence high tides that threaten safety at sea and cause damage in Lighted Gong Buoy 22, Nantucket Sound, 2.5 knots; port. These storms do not often come without warning. 1.5 miles southeast of Buzzards Bay Entrance Light, 2 Approaching from the U.S. mainland or from the seas knots; Brenton Reef, 1.5 knots; 0.5 mile south of Bartlett to the south they are usually well forecasted. Difficulty Reef, Long Island Sound, 2.5 knots; 3 miles southward of arises when they develop or deepen explosively off the Cornfield Point, 4 knots; 6.25 miles northwest of Cholera mid-Atlantic coast. Sometimes called “Hatteras Storms”, Bank, 1.5 knots. these lows can grow from small, weak frontal waves to full blown systems in less than 24 hours. Not only can their (179) circulation expand to cover most of the western North Atlantic but they often accelerate rapidly northeastward. Weather, Cape Cod to Sandy Hook In the exposed waters these storms can generate 40-foot (180) From Georges Bank and the shoals of Nantucket to (12 m) waves and hurricane force winds. Each year more than 40 extratropical systems move across or close to this New York Harbor, fog, currents, winds and waves are coast. They average about two to four per month, but as constant threats to safe navigation. The following text many as ten can affect the region in a single month. Most describes the weather problems that face the mariner systems are weak but a few generate gales and rough when navigating these waters. This section presents seas for hundreds of miles, particularly from September an overall, seasonal picture of the weather that can be through April. expected in the offshore waters along the coast of the (185) The major winter storm track runs in a line mid-Atlantic region from Cape Cod, MA, to Sandy approximately from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod. Most Hook, NJ. Detailed information, particularly concerning of the storms that follow this track intensify; the center navigational weather hazards, can be found in the weather of intensification is off Delaware Bay. In addition to the articles in the following chapters. forecast, certain atmospheric changes indicate a storm (181) All weather articles in this volume are the product is approaching. The most dependable early indicator is of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) falling pressure. A definite weather change is likely if you and the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The meteorological and climatological tables are the product of the NCDC. Both centers are entities of the National

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    173 observe pressure falls exceeding 2 mb every 3 hours; a (193) (2) Tropical Storm.–An organized system of strong drop of 5 mb/3 hours indicates a strong change while 10 thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum mb/3 hours warns of an impending extreme event. sustained winds between 39 and 73 miles per hour (34 to (186) As a storm approaches, winds strengthen, clouds 63 knots). thicken and lower and precipitation begins. Early in the storm’s life wind waves can become steep very quickly, (194) (3) Hurricane.–An intense tropical weather system making it difficult to reach port especially when you have with a well-defined circulation and a maximum sustained to navigate an inlet where breaking waves are treacherous. wind speed of 74 miles per hour (64 knots) or greater. In deeper waters, waves can build to over 20 feet. During winter the possibility of superstructure icing calls for an (195) While the following term is not normally used early course of action based upon the latest forecast and in tropical cyclone advisories it may appear in related a knowledge of your vessel. products. (187) (196) (1) Tropical Wave.–A minor tropical disturbance in the easterly trade winds, which could develop into Cold Fronts a tropical depression but lacks evidence of a closed (188) This weather hazard usually approaches from the circulation; also known as easterly wave. west through north. Ahead of the front, winds are usually (197) Along the coast, greater damage may be inflicted squally and often blow out of the south through southwest. by water than by wind. Prolonged winds blowing toward Cirrus clouds give way to Altocumulus or Altostratus shore can increase water levels from about 3 to 10 feet (1 and Nimbostratus, then Cumulonimbus. Pressure falls to 3 m) above normal. This storm tide may begin when moderately and showers, and perhaps thunderstorms, the tropical cyclone center is 500 miles or more away. occur. Seas become choppy. With the frontal passage It gradually increases until the winds change direction. winds shift rapidly to the west and northwest. Strong On top of this the low pressure in the storm’s center can gusts and squalls continue. Clearing usually occurs a create a ridge or wall of water known as a surge. This short distance behind the front as the cold air moves in. will move in the direction of the storm’s movement and Cold fronts can move through the area quite rapidly. Their can be disastrous. The effect may be similar to that of a speed varies from about 10 to 20 knots in summer up to tsunami (seismic sea wave) caused by earthquakes in the 40 knots in winter. From spring through fall these fronts ocean floor. Storm surges can push these tides to 20 feet are often preceded by dense fog. (6.1 m) or more above normal. About 3 to 4 feet (1 to 1.2 (189) During the spring and summer when the air m) of this is due to the decrease of atmospheric pressure ahead of the cold front may be very unstable, a line of and the rest to the strong winds. Additional water damage thunderstorms, known as a squall line, may develop. results from the pounding of sea and swell. Torrential These instability lines can form 50 to 300 miles ahead rains, generated by tropical cyclones, can cause both flash of a fast moving front. They may even contain tornados floods and river floods from inland rains. or waterspouts. These storms can inflict considerable damage on fishing vessels and small craft. (198) (190) Tropical Cyclone climatology (199) In an average season nine or ten tropical cyclones Tropical Cyclones (191) A tropical cyclone is a warm core, low pressure develop and five of these reach hurricane strength; about two hurricanes reach the U.S. While they may develop system that develops over tropical oceans. It exhibits in any month, June through November is generally a rotary, counterclockwise circulation in the Northern considered the tropical cyclone season, with a peak in Hemisphere around a center or “eye”. In small tropical August, September and October. Early and pre-season cyclones the diameter of the area of destructive winds storms, from May through mid-July, are most likely may not exceed 25 miles while in the greatest storms to originate in the western Caribbean Sea and Gulf of the diameter may reach 500 miles. At the center is a Mexico. From mid-July through late September this comparatively calm, sometimes clear, area known as the development is spread through the main basin of the eye. The diameter of the eye can vary from about 5 to 25 tropical Atlantic and a much more persistent westerly miles. Winds are usually strongest near the center. They movement is noticeable. From late September through can reach 175 knots or more in an intense hurricane. In November, activity gradually confines itself to the the North Atlantic Region (West Indies, Caribbean Sea, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. A northerly movement, Gulf of Mexico and waters off the U.S. East Coast) similar to early season storms, becomes more apparent. the following terminology is used in tropical cyclone However, because of the large reservoir of heat available warnings issued by the National Hurricane Center at the end of the season, these storms are often more (National Weather Service): intense than their early season counterparts. (192) (1) Tropical Depression.–An organized system (200) The most common path is curved, the storms first of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined circulation moving in a general westward direction, turning later to and maximum sustained winds of 38 miles per hour (33 the northwestward and finally toward the northeast. A knots) or less. considerable number, however, remain in low latitudes and do not turn appreciably toward the north. Freak

174    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   movements are not uncommon, and there have been study concentrates on New York, NY, New London, storms that described loops, hairpin-curved paths, and CT, and Newport, RI, the climatology and principles other irregular patterns. Movement toward the southeast of navigation can be applied to the entire region; the is rare, and, in any case, of short duration. The entire navigation information can be applied to winter storms Caribbean area, the Gulf of Mexico, the coastal regions as well. For practical purposes any tropical cyclone that bordering these bodies of water, and the Atlantic Coast approaches within 180 miles is considered a “threat”. are subject to these storms during the hurricane season. Data is also incorporated from the Global Tropical/ (201) The average speed of movement of tropical Extratropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas CD-ROM jointly cyclones is about 10 to 15 knots. This speed, however, produced by the National Climatic Data Center and varies considerably according to the storm’s location, the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography development and the associated surface and upper air Detachment-Asheville. patterns. The highest rates of speed usually occur in (207) The classical doctrine held by most mariners is that the middle and higher latitudes and range up to 40 to ocean-going ships should leave ports that are threatened 50 knots. Storms are slowest during recurvature or when by a hurricane. Despite this natural caution, ships continue looping. They can also become stationary in the absence to be damaged in port or after leaving port, as a result of steering currents. of tropical cyclone encounters. This often stems from the difficulty in forecasting tropical cyclone movement, (202) although these forecasts have improved significantly in the past two decades. In addition to evaluating the forecast Hurricane Warnings and Forecasts it is necessary to assess the risks of remaining in port (203) The civilian hurricane warning service for the or putting to sea according to the circumstances of the threat, the facilities of the port and the capabilities of the North Atlantic is provided by the National Hurricane vessel and crew. For an evaluation as to a course of action, Center/Tropical Prediction Center, Miami, Florida. It several factors are important. The risk of a particular port collates ship, aircraft, radar and satellite data to produce experiencing a hurricane is often dependent on seasonal and issue tropical cyclone warnings and forecasts for and geographic influences. Forecasts of hurricane the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea movements are more reliable in some areas, particularly and Gulf of Mexico as well as the Eastern North Pacific the lower latitudes. In the mid-latitudes where storms are Ocean. Its principal product is the Tropical Cyclone often recurving, the difficulty increases. It is important to Advisory message especially tailored for Marine, know the sheltering capabilities of the port that is being Aviation, Military and public interests. They are issued considered and the speed of advance of tropical cyclones every 6-hours with intermediate bulletins provided when in the latitudes that you may be sailing. When the tropical needed. cyclone speeds approach or exceed vessel speed, options (204) For tropical storms and hurricanes threatening become limited. to cross the coast of the U.S., coastal warnings are (208) Of the 117 tropical cyclones that threatened New issued to the public by the National Hurricane Center York from 1842-1995, 100 occurred from August through local Hurricane Warning Offices in order that through October with the main threat in September. The defense against damage, and perhaps evacuation, can be hurricane (winds>64 knots) threat has a peak in August implanted. Two levels of warnings are employed. The and September; 81 of the 117 hurricanes occurred in “Hurricane Watch” is a preliminary alert that a hurricane those months. Tropical cyclones usually move in from the may threaten a specified portion of the coast. It is issued south or southwest. During this same period New Haven approximately 36 hours before landfall could occur. The was threatened by 108 tropical cyclones, 91 of which second level is the “Hurricane Warning”, which indicates occurred from August through October. Hurricanes are that hurricane conditions are expected within 24 hours most likely during August and September when 75 out in advance of landfall. It is aimed at providing the best of the total of 108 occurred. The direction of approach is compromise between timeliness and accuracy for civil most likely from the south or southwest. Because of the defense purposes so that its warning may be too late to natural protection offered by the shape of the coast from allow ocean-going vessels to get underway and complete Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras, most recurving storms either a successful evasion in open water. To compensate for make landfall south of Hatteras or pass New England this, the Marine Advisory contains additional guidance in well offshore to the southeast. The majority of storms the form of probabilities of hurricane strikes, for coastal pass well to the southeast of New England, following the locations and even offshore coordinates, and storm Gulf Stream. Occasionally storms accelerate on a more position forecasts for up to 72 hours in advance. northerly track similar to the disastrous hurricane of 1938, which advanced rapidly up the east coast, offshore near (205) Hatteras, across central Long Island, into Connecticut and finally through Vermont. This hurricane’s forward Hurricane Havens speed reached 52 knots, an advance that would be (206) This section is condensed from the Hurricane difficult to prepare for, even with today’s sophisticated Havens Handbook for the North Atlantic Ocean published by the Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 93943, and available on the internet at nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm. While this

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    175 warning methods. It is the exceptionally fast-moving storm tides were measured at 10.8 feet (3.3 m) above storm that poses the greatest threat. For example, based mean sea level during the 1938 hurricane. The top winter on climatology, a September storm located off Miami extratropical storm produced a 6.0-ft (1.8 m) surge on the would reach New York in about 3 or 4 days. However, the 30th of November, 1963. 1938 hurricane traveled this distance in about 30 hours. (212) In summary, New York Harbor is recommended Tropical cyclones tend to accelerate as they move north as a hurricane haven. It is a large national harbor with of about 30°N. Forward speeds range from 25 to 30 knots many excellent berthing facilities and good deep-water for those crossing the New York – New England coast anchorages. Natural topographic features and numerous compared to 20 to 25 knots for those passing offshore to man-made structures offer good wind protection. The the southeast. bathymetry and orientation of the harbor relative to (209) Since wind records were available in the New York the normal path of hurricanes tend to mitigate the wind Harbor area, sustained winds have reached hurricane wave and ocean swell danger although storm surge is a force (64 knots) only once. The September 1944 hurricane sufficient threat. The main New London harbor is not produced 64-knot winds at Central Park and 70-knot a haven for most vessels during a hurricane although winds at La Guardia. Other hurricanes that have caused the inner harbor is considered safe for most ships. The considerable damage were storms in September 1821, surrounding topography provides some protection from September 1938, August 1954 (Carol) and September east through southeast winds for the eastern shore of 1960 (Donna). During a recent 44-year period along the main and inner harbor, however the lower western the Connecticut-Rhode Island coast, three hurricanes shore of the main harbor is very exposed to southeast produced winds that have been estimated to have reached through south winds. The entire harbor is subject to the at least minimal hurricane strength. The 1944 hurricane, possibility of major storm surge flooding. The port of Carol and the 1938 storm were the three. The 1938 storm Newport is located inside Narragansett Bay, which has was the worst as winds in the New London area were deep water anchorages within its confines. Although estimated at 78 to 87 knots. these anchorages are not well sheltered from winds, they (210) In addition to strong winds, the hurricane brings have proven hurricane haven properties for ships able to rough seas, heavy rains, and storm surges. New York’s steam at anchor. Lower Bay is subject to wave action due to an open (213) Flooding associated with hurricane-induced high quadrant, east through south, to the Atlantic. The size and tides is the principle threat to small craft in the area. They depth of the bay also provide sufficient fetch for a strong should be hoisted and secured ashore above projected wind to generate destructive waves. Deep ocean swells flood levels whenever possible. Best protection is inside approaching from the open quadrant would be reduced by some type of storage building to prevent possible damage shoals at the entrance to Lower Bay, between Sandy Hook by flying objects or to prevent the possibility of broken and Rockaway Point. Upper Bay, Newark Bay, lower tie-downs in high winds. Local knowledge is the best Hudson River and East River are subject to limited wave guide to weathering a storm in small harbors. action. Long Island Sound is a deep water sound with a generous fetch in an east-west direction. New London (214) Harbor is well protected from wave action. Although a west wind can produce large seas in the Sound they are Waves greatly reduced on entering the harbor channel. Within (215) In late March of 1984 a 968-mb Low off the New Narragansett Bay wave action is severely limited by short fetch for most wind directions. Wave action generated Jersey coast generated a 33-foot (10.1 m) wave at Buoy within the Bay will create minimal problems for ships at 44005 (42.7°N., 68.3°W) while Buoy 41002 (40.1°N., anchor if the scope of chain employed is set to give the 73.0°W) measured a 47-foot (14.3 m) wave during Gloria best riding conditions. in September 1985. Systems similar to these are partly (211) Storm tides can produce a high water level, which responsible for the rough seas encountered along this coast in addition to inundating coastal areas, may allow wind from September through April. The Buoy closest to the waves to cause destruction in areas normally unaffected area, 44003, (40.8°N., 68.5°W), in 10 years of operation by waves. Combined storm surge and tide have produced has measured a 29-foot (8.8 m) wave in February and water levels of over 10 feet (3 m) above mean low water 25-foot (7.6 m) waves from October through April. It in the New York Harbor area and levels greater than 15 has been estimated that over the open waters along this feet (4.6 m) above mean low water in western Long Island coast maximum significant waves should reach 30 feet (9 Sound. New London is one of the few east coast ports to m). The table below (extracted from Marine Weather of have experienced a major storm surge in this century. The Western Washington. Kenneth E. Lilly, Jr., Commander, storm surge of September 21, 1938 hit New London as an NOAA, Starpath School of Navigation, 1983) shows the apparent tidal bore (wall of water) causing considerable relationship between significant and other wave heights. destruction. This surge was slightly greater than that (216) This table can be used to project a range of wave expected once in a hundred years and was likely due heights that might be expected in deep water. If significant to the fast moving nature of this hurricane. At Newport wave heights of 10 feet (3 m) are forecast then the most frequently observed waves should be 5- to 6-foot (1.7 to 1.8 m) range while one wave in 100 should reach 17 feet.

176    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (217) A giant or rogue wave might reach 25 feet (7.6 m) loss than a roll caused by a sea. Swells with wave lengths in these circumstances. These rogue or “killer” waves that range from about three-fourths to twice the ship’s occur when the large number of different waves that length can have this effect. Pitching is heaviest when the make up a sea occasionally reinforce each other. This ship’s speed produces synchronism between the period action creates a wave that is much steeper and higher of encounter and the ship’s natural pitching period–this than the surrounding waves. These rogue waves often often occurs at or near normal ship speeds. occur in a stormy sea and are described by mariners who (222) When in running before a following sea, the greatest have experienced them, as coming out of nowhere and danger arises when speed is equal to that of the waves disappearing just as quickly. If significant wave heights or when the waves overtake the ship so slowly that an are observed at 20 feet (6.1 m) then a rogue wave could almost static situation is created with the vessel lying on reach 50 feet (15.2 m) if the water depth could support it. the wave crest. In this latter case stability is so reduced that a small vessel could capsize. Waves on the quarter (218) or astern can also result in very poor steering quality. As seas move along the vessel from aft to forward the rudder Wave Heights from Significant Wave Heights (SWH) is less effective and the boat may be slewed across the face of a sea filling the decks with water as she broaches. Most frequent wave heights 0.5 x SWH She could lose her stability and capsize, particularly if the 0.6 x SWH boat is trimmed by the head. Average wave heights 1.0 x SWH (223) Significant wave height (average height of highest 33%) Winds (224) Migratory weather systems cause winds that Height of highest 10% of the waves 1.3 x SWH One wave in 1,175 waves 1.9 x SWH frequently change in strength and direction. In general One wave in 300,000 waves 2.5 x SWH winds are generally westerly but often take on a northerly component in winter and a southerly one in summer. (219) Rough sea conditions are usually generated by gales Strongest winds are generated by lows and cold fronts in out of the northwest through northeast. Waves greater fall and winter and by fronts and thunderstorms during than 8 feet (2.4 m) occur about 10 to 15 percent of the spring and summer. Extreme winds are usually associated time in winter. From fall through spring, wave heights of with a hurricane or severe northeaster and could reach more than 7 feet (2.1 m) frequently last one day or more; 125 knots. Sustained winds of 100 knots should occur in midwinter they often last 2 days or more. In addition about every 50 years on the average; gusts are usually to coastal storms, cold fronts with rapidly shifting winds about 30 percent higher. can create dangerous seas. (225) In the open seas, away from the influence of land, winds are stronger and less complex. From December (220) Steep waves are often more dangerous than high through March they are mainly out of the west through waves with a gentle slope. Waves appear menacing when north with gales occurring about 6 to 12 percent of the the ratio of wave height to length reaches about 1/18. time. Windspeeds, in general, increase with distance from They begin to break when this ratio is about 1/10. Steepest the coast. If winds persist for a long time over a long fetch waves develop when strong winds first begin to blow or they will generate rough seas. Winter windspeeds of 20 early in a storm’s life. The ship no longer rides easily knots or more persist for more than 12 hours about 50 but is slammed. Steep waves are particularly dangerous percent of the time; however these winds often shift and to small craft. When wave heights are greater than 5 a new fetch is established. Summer winds are usually out feet, periods of less than 6 seconds can create problems of the south through southwest and gales are infrequent. for boats under 100 feet in length. Waves of 10 feet or During the spring and fall winds are more variable. more with periods of 6 to 10 seconds can affect comfort (226) Coastal winds are complex since they are influenced in 100- to 200-foot (30.5 to 61 m) vessels. When wind by the topography. Over land speeds are reduced. However waves reach 20 feet they become hazardous to vessels channels and headlands can redirect the wind and even under 200 feet in length and provide a rough ride for increase the speed by funneling the wind. In general you larger ships. Waves moving into shallow water become will find southerly components in summer and northerly steeper and break when the depth is about 1.3 times the ones in winter. In sheltered waters like Buzzard Bay, wave height. Areas such as Nantucket Shoal and Georges Narragansett Bay and the harbors of Long Island Sound Shoals are dangerous in heavy weather. Wave steepness there are a large percentage of calms, particularly during is also increased by tidal currents, particularly when they the morning hours. When the existing circulation is oppose the wind. weak and there is a difference between land and water temperature, a land-sea breeze circulation may be set up. (221) Swells can create problems for larger vessels. As the land heats faster than the water, a sea breeze is About one-half of the waves of 10 feet (3 m) or more, established during the day; this onshore flow may reach in these waters, are swells from distant storms. They are 15 knots or more. At night the land cools more rapidly uncomfortable to ships that roll or pitch in sympathy. Swells with 500- to 1000-foot (152 to 305 m) wave lengths affect ships of these lengths. When steaming into such swells a resonance is set up until the bow digs into the waves. The resulting pitch will cause more of a power

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    177 often resulting in a weak breeze off the land. In many (235) A moderate rate of ice accumulation usually occurs locations the sea breeze serves to reinforce the prevailing when air temperatures are equal to or less than 28 °F with summer wind. winds of 13 knots or more. When air temperatures drop to 16 °F or below and winds reach 30 knots or greater, (227) ice collects more rapidly. On a 300- to 500-ton vessel it would accumulate at more than 4 tons per hour and is Visibilities called severe. December, January and February are the (228) Fog, precipitation, smoke and haze all reduce worst months. The potential for moderate icing exists about 5 to 10 percent of the time. visibilities. Fog is the most restrictive and persistent. It forms when warm, moist air moves across colder water, (236) In addition to sea spray, ice is also caused by freezing when very cold air moves over warmer water, or when rain or drizzle and fog in freezing conditions. While these moist air is cooled to near its dew point by radiation or two causes could create enough weight on the rigging rainfall. These conditions can be triggered by a number to cause it to fall, this is minor in comparison with the of weather situations. freezing spray hazard. Icing on the superstructure elevates (229) Prior to the arrival of a cold front there is often the center of gravity, decreasing the metacentric height. It a warm, southerly flow of air across cool Gulf waters increases the sail area and heeling moment due to wind resulting in dense fog. Warm or stationary fronts can also action. Its non-uniform distribution changes the trim. It bring fog while rainfall from lows and fronts can create an can hamper steerability and lower ship speed. Icing also evaporation fog. Along the coast radiation fog is common creates hazardous deck conditions. on clear, calm nights although it usually burns off during the morning hours. In the spring, coastal fog may occur (237) If you can’t avoid the weather conditions that cause near the mouths of rivers and streams that are fed by cold icing, experience and research have helped develop snowmelt. some guidelines. The first two courses of action when (230) Sea temperatures increase, in general, from north encountering potential icing conditions are to seek shelter to south, but the variation is usually only a few degrees from the sea and to steer towards warmer water. Once over open water. Close to the coast, water temperatures icing has begun it is prudent to slow down enough so are usually warmer in summer and colder in winter than that little or no spray is taken aboard. It is also important offshore readings. Water temperatures in summer range to keep ice from building up by whatever means are from about 66 °F to 74 °F, while in winter the range is available. This includes crewmen using tools or baseball from about 34 °F to 37 °F. bats to remove ice from the deck and superstructure. (231) Advection fog is most common in late spring and early summer when south and southwest winds bring (238) Any effort to control the rate of accumulation will warm humid air over the still-cold Labrador Current. buy time. In general heaving to with the bow into the Near Georges Bank visibilities fall to less than 1 mile up wind and sea as much as possible and varying the course to 30 percent of the time. While these frequencies drop slightly to ensure a minimum symmetrical build up is a to the southwest, fog remains a problem in this season. good rule. However, experiments have shown that on a (232) The areas along the coast, at the heads of bays within trawler with its stern to the wind, loss of stability is only the rivers, may be comparatively clear while fog is very about one-half of that in the ahead condition. When the thick outside. The frequency of fog over land and water wind is 30 degrees off the bow the loss of stability is is usually in opposition. Land fog is often most frequent 50 percent greater than in the ahead condition. Also ice in fall and winter compared to the spring and summer accumulates more rapidly on the windward side causing maximum of sea fog. Consequently figures for poor a heeling into the wind. This listing is partially offset by visibility at inland or sheltered harbors are no guide to the action of the wind so that a shift to a reciprocal course conditions at sea or in the approaches. after icing has built up could be disastrous. When ice builds up significantly it is important to remember that (233) the removal of one ton of ice 50 feet from the vessel’s center of gravity is as effective as removing 10 tons of Superstructure Icing ice 5 feet above the center of gravity. (234) Heavy winter weather can cause ice to collect on (239) ships sailing these waters. At its worst superstructure icing can sink a vessel. When air temperature drops Optical Phenomena below the freezing point of sea water (About 28.6 °F) (240) Optical phenomena range from electromagnetic strong winds and rough seas will cause large amounts of sea spray to freeze to the superstructure and those displays to intricate geometrical patterns. The aurora parts of the hull that escape a frequent washing by the and Saint Elmo’s fire are electromagnetic displays. sea. Ice amounts increase rapidly with falling air and sea Halos, coronas, parhelia, sun pillars, and related effects temperatures as well as increasing windspeeds. The most are optical phenomena associated with the refraction and dangerous conditions exist when gales last for several diffraction of light through suspended cloud particles; days in temperatures of 28 °F or lower. The ice buildup mirages, looming, and twilight phenomena such as the on a trawler can exceed 5 tons per hour. “green flash” are associated with refraction of light through air of varying density. Occasionally, sunlight is

178    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   refracted simultaneously by cloud suspensions and by cirrostratus, iridescence may sharply delineate the outline dense layers of air producing complex symmetric patterns of clouds in brilliant green, blue, pink, orange, or purple. of light around the sun. A mirage is caused by refraction (245) Refraction of sunlight takes place whenever the of light rays in a layer of air whose density increases or intervening particles are larger than the wavelength. decreases rapidly, near the surface. A marked decrease Thus, sunlight that is reflected from ice crystals is in density with increasing altitude causes looming, transformed into sun pillars and parhelic circles. When towering, and superior mirages. Looming occurs when both phenomena occur in combination they form the objects appear to rise above their true elevation. Objects remarkable sun cross. Paricelenci circles are observed below the horizon may actually be brought into view. This with moonlight. apparent effect often leads to a serious underestimation (246) The auroral borealis (northern lights) and St. of horizontal distances. Unimpressive landmarks, and Elmo’s fire are two types of electrical phenomena distant ships may acquire startling characteristics through sometimes observed in this region. The zone of maximum apparent vertical stretching; this phenomenon is known auroral frequency extends along the periphery of a 20- as towering. A superior mirage is so named because of to 25- degree circle whose center is at the magnetic the appearance of an image above the actual object. Ships pole. Auroras are generally associated with moonless have been seen with an inverted image above and an nights. An artificial maximum exists in winter because upright image floating above that. of the longer hours of darkness. No conclusive evidence (241) Inferior mirages result from the upward bending of is available to show that a seasonal variation in the light rays in an unstable air mass. This phenomenon is frequency of auroras exists. However, periods of intense observed locally whenever a superheated land mass or a sunspot activity are reflected in a maximum occurrence wide expanse of open water is overrun by cold air. Sinking of this electrical phenomenon. below the horizon, of relatively close objects, may result in (247) Generally auroras may be classified as having an overestimation of horizontal distances. Occasionally, either a ray structure (rays, streams, draperies, corona) a complicated vertical temperature distribution may or a nebulous appearance (homogeneous quiet arc, transform hilly coastlines into impressive walls of lofty homogeneous band, pulsating arcs, pulsating surfaces, pinnacles. This phenomenon is known as Fata Morgana. diffuse luminous surfaces, and feeble glow). Flaming On clear days, just as the upper rim of the sun disappears auroras, which fall in neither category, may be added to this below the horizon, green light is sometimes refracted list. Moreover, auroras may remain uniformly red, green, from the solar spectrum. This brief phenomenon is called or purple, or assume a rapid succession of these colors. the green flash. Brilliant shifting auroras are invariably accompanied (242) Floating ice crystals (cirriform clouds, light snow by magnetic storms and electrical interference with flakes, ice fog, or drifting snow) may cause the refraction communications. of light into a variety of faintly colored arcs and halos. (248) St. Elmo’s fire is occasionally observed in this area, This phenomenon, which may be recognized from but because of its faintness it is most commonly observed the fact that the red band is closest to the light source, during the night hours and on dark overcast days. These includes halos, arcs that open toward or away from the eerie flickers of bluish light are usually caused by the sun, mock images, and various geometrical figures that unusual electrification of the snow-filled air, which is may be located in various parts of the sky with references most likely when the wind is strong. St. Elmo’s fire is to the sun. restricted to the tips of such objects as ship masts, wind (243) Fogbows, resulting from refraction through vanes, and airplane wings. suspended water particles, are seen in the region of the sky directly opposite from the sun, or the antisolar point. (249) These bows, although occasionally brilliantly colored, are normally seen as broad white bands with faintly Dew Point colored borders. Rainbows are also observed. (250) The temperature at which condensation to water (244) When atmospheric particles are about equal in size to the wavelength of light, diffraction is likely to occur. droplets occurs is called the dew point. If this dew point is Diffractional phenomena frequently show properties above freezing, condensation will be in the form of water. similar to those of refraction except for the reversal in the When the dew point reaches freezing, ice crystals will be spectrum colors, violet now being closest to the source deposited on cold surfaces. Knowledge of the dew point of light. The Brocken bow, or glory, appears on clouds or along with cargo temperature and moisture content is fog banks as a colored ring around the projected shadow vital for hold ventilation decisions. It is also a parameter of the observers head. The solar and lunar coronas, used in forecasting fog formation. which are observed only through high clouds, resemble the halo except that they may assume increasingly larger (251) diameters as the size of the particles decrease. When the light from the sun or the moon is diffracted by cirrus or Cargo Care (252) When free air has a dew point temperature higher than the temperature of the surface with which it comes in contact, the air is often cooled sufficiently below its dew point to release moisture. When this happens on board ship, condensation will take place on relatively cold

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    179 cargo or on the ship’s structure within the hold where into the drift program, predicted positions of bergs are it later drips onto the cargo. Thus, if cargo is stowed in calculated for 1200 UTC. a cool climate and the vessel sails into warmer waters, (260) All shipping is requested to assist the IIP by ventilation of the hold with outside air will likely lead to reporting all sightings of ice at once to the IIP through any sweat damage in any cargo sensitive to moisture. Under U.S. or Canadian Coast Guard communications station. such conditions external ventilation should, as a rule, be Ice sightings reports should include: precise position, closed off entirely, unless the cargo generates internal size and shape of berg, sea surface temperature, and heat, that hazard being greater than sweat damage. In concentration and thickness of sea ice. Reports can be the opposite case, when a vessel is loaded during a warm sent to COMINTICEPAT NEW LONDON CT through period, and moves into cooler weather, vulnerable cargo INMARSAT-C: Code 42. There is no charge for iceberg should be ventilated. reports made using Code 42. (253) A safe rule for ventilation directed toward moisture (261) The IIP Operations Center can be reached by control may be stated as follows: Whenever accurate telephone at 860–271–2626 or 877–423–7287, or via measurements show the outside air has a dew point the Coast Guard Atlantic Area Operations Center at below the dew point of the air surrounding the cargo to be 757–398–6700. protected, such outside air is capable of removing moisture (262) A radio facsimile chart of the area depicting 1200Z from the hold and the ventilation process can be safely ice distribution is broadcast three times daily. A list of the started. Whenever the reverse is true, and the outside dew radio stations broadcasting IIP Bulletins and frequencies point is higher than the dew point temperature around the and times of broadcasts is published annually in Local cargo, then ventilation will increase the moisture content Notices to Mariners of the First Coast Guard District of the hold and may readily result in sweating within the and in Radio Navigational Aids, Pub. 117, issued by the ship. The above does not take into account possible fumes National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. or gases in the compartment. In such cases discretion (263) The IIP seeks comment on its services to mariners, must be used. particularly on the effectiveness of the times and frequencies of radio transmissions. Mariners are (254) requested to mail facsimile charts received at sea to: (264) International Ice Patrol, 1 Chelsea Street, New Ice London, CT 06320. The frequency used, time of receipt, (255) (Refer to discussion under ports affected.) and vessel position at time of receipt should be indicated. (256) During some winter months or when threatened by Additional customer comments can be directed to IIP Customer Service at 877–423–7287. icing conditions, lighted buoys may be removed from (265) station or replaced by unlighted buoys; unlighted buoys, daybeacons and lights on marine sites also may be Sizes and Types of Icebergs removed. (See Light List.) (257) The International Ice Patrol (IIP) was formed in Size Height Length 1914 to patrol the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, to detect icebergs, and to warn mariners of their location. Under Growler (feet) (meters) (feet) (meters) the 1974 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention, 17 Small (S) 0-3 0-1 0-19 0-5 member-nations agree to share the $5 million annual cost Medium (M) of operating the patrol. The U.S. Coast Guard conducts Large (L) 4-50 1-15 20-200 6-60 the patrol and maintains IIP records. (258) The IIP is coordinated from its operations center 51-150 16-45 201-400 61-122 at New London, Connecticut. Its staff numbers 16, 151+ 46+ 401+ 123+ including Coast Guard and civil service specialists. The ice season typically runs from February through July, but Shape Description can last longer. Flying out of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Blocky USCG aircraft cover the ice danger area, a piece of water Tilted Blocky Steep sides with flat top. Very solid. twice the size of the State of Texas. Its southern boundary Length-height ratio less than 5:1. is the latitude of New York City and it reaches halfway Drydock across the Atlantic with Newfoundland on the northwest Pinnacled Blocky iceberg which has tilted to and Greenland and Iceland on its north and northeast. present a triangular shape from the A normal flight lasts seven hours and can cover 35,000 Dome square miles. Tabular Eroded such that a large U-shaped (259) Once sighted, a berg’s location, size and shape are slot is formed with twin columns. Slot entered into a computer drift model, used until the berg is extends into or near waterline. re-sighted or melts. The IIP attempts to locate and track all icebergs south of the 50th parallel, and particularly those Large central spiral or pyramid. south of 48°N., which may be hazardous to navigation near the Grand Banks. When sighting data is entered Large round smooth top. Solid-type iceberg. Flat-topped iceberg with length-height ratio greater than 5:1.

180    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3   (266) (280) Principal Ports Repairs-salvage-wrecking (267) The principal deep-draft commercial ports within the (281) Complete facilities for large vessels are available in area of this Coast Pilot are: New Bedford and Fall River, New York Harbor. The extent and types of facilities at MA; Tiverton and Providence, RI; New London and other places are shown in the text under the description Bridgeport, CT; New York, Albany and Port Jefferson, of the ports. NY; and Elizabeth and Newark, NJ. (268) Other deep-draft facilities are located on Cape Cod (282) Canal; Narragansett Bay; off Northville and Northport, NY, on Long Island Sound; and on the Hudson River Small-craft facilities between New York City and Albany, NY. (283) There are numerous places where fuel, supplies, (269) repairs, slips for dockage, and launching ramps are available for small craft. For the various towns and Pilotage isolated places, the Coast Pilot includes generalized (270) Pilotage, with few minor exceptions, is compulsory information about marine facilities; details are given in the series of small-craft charts published for many places. for all foreign vessels and U.S. vessels under register (284) A vessel of less than 65.6 feet (20 meters) in length entering and departing the Port of New York and New or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a Jersey and other ports within the area of this Coast Pilot, vessel that can safely navigate only within a narrow and for all such vessels transiting Block Island Sound, channel or fairway. (Navigation Rules, International- Narragansett Bay, and Long Island Sound. (See 33 Inland Rule 9(b).) CFR207.20,chapter 2, for Pilotage Regulations on the Cape Cod Canal.) (285) (271) Pilotage is optional for coastwise vessels that have on board a pilot properly licensed by the Federal Standard Time Government for the waters which the vessel travels. (286) The area covered by this Coast Pilot uses eastern (272) Arrangements for pilots should be made by the ships’ agents at least 24 hours in advance at all of the ports. New standard time (e.s.t.), which is 5 hours slow of Greenwich York is the only port at which the pilot boat remains on mean time (G.m.t.). Example: When it is 1000 at station. Detailed information on pilotage procedures is Greenwich it is 0500 at New York City. given in the text for the ports concerned. (287) (273) Daylight saving time Towage (288) Throughout the area of this Coast Pilot, clocks are (274) Tugs are available at all major ports; they can usually advanced 1 hour on the second Sunday of March and are be obtained for the smaller ports on advance notice if set back to standard time on the first Sunday of November. none are available locally. Arrangements for tugs should be made in advance through ships’ agents or the pilots. (289) (See the text for the ports concerned as to the availability of tugs.) Legal public holidays (290) New Year’s Day, January 1; Martin Luther King, (275) Jr.’s Birthday, third Monday in January; Washington’s Vessel Arrival Inspections Birthday, third Monday in February; Memorial Day, (276) Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultural last Monday in May; Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, first Monday in September; Columbus Day, second quarantine officials are stationed in most major U.S. ports. Monday in October; Veterans Day, November 11; (See Appendix A for addresses.) Vessels subject to such Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November; and inspections generally make arrangements in advance Christmas Day, December 25. The national holidays are through ships’agents. Unless otherwise directed, officials observed by employees of the Federal Government and usually board vessels at their berths. the District of Columbia, and may not be observed by all (277) Harbormasters, where appointed, are mentioned in the States in every case. the text. They usually have charge of the anchorage and (291) In addition, the following holidays are also observed berthage of vessels. in the States covered by this Coast Pilot: (292) Lincoln’s Birthday, February 12: CT, NJ, and NY. (278) (293) Evacuation Day, March 17: MA, Boston and Suffolk County only. Supplies (294) Good Friday: CT and NJ. (279) General supplies, including fuel oil, diesel oil and (295) Patriots Day, third Monday in April: MA. (296) Rhode Island Independence Day, May 4: RI. fuel, gasoline, water, and marine supplies are available (297) Bunker Hill Day, June 17: MA, Boston and Suffolk at the principal ports. Similar items but in more limited County only. quantities can be obtained at many places mentioned (298) Victory Day, second Monday in August: RI. under descriptions of the different ports. (299) General Election Day, first Tuesday after the first Monday in November: NJ, NY, and RI.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 3    ¢    181

182    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   70°30' 70° Index of Chart Coverage in Chapter 4 13246 Provincetown CAPE 42° 42° 41° 13249 30' CAPE COD BAY COD 13229 CAPE COD CANAL 13248 Falmouth MASSACHUSETTS Chatham Harwich Port Monomoy Point Hyannis 13229 41° VINEYARD SOUND 30' NANTUCKET SOUND Edgartown Great Point Martha’s Vineyard 13244 13238 13242 13233 Nantucket Nantucket Island 13241 13237 41° 41° 70°30' 70°

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    183 Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound (1) This chapter describes the outer shore of Cape Cod hours later off Nauset Beach Light than off Chatham and Nantucket Sound including Nantucket Island and the Light. southern and eastern shores of Martha’s Vineyard. Also described are Nantucket Harbor, Edgartown Harbor, and (11) the other numerous fishing and yachting centers along the southern shore of Cape Cod bordering Nantucket Sound. North Atlantic Right Whales (12) Federally designated critical habitat for the (2) endangered North Atlantic right whale lies within Cape COLREGS Demarcation Lines Cod Bay (See 50 CFR 226.101 and 226.203, chapter 2, (3) The lines established for this part of the coast are for habitat boundary). It is illegal to approach closer than 500 yards of any right whale. (See 50 CFR 224.103(c), described in 33 CFR80.135and 80.145, chapter 2. chapter 2, for limits and regulation.) RecommendedTwo- Way Whale Avoidance Routes and a Recommended (4) Two-Way Whale Avoidance Track have been charted within Cape Cod Bay to reduce interactions between No-Discharge Zone vessels and right whales. When right whales are present (5) The State of Massachusetts, with the approval of in Cape Cod Bay (peak season: December through May), NOAA recommends that mariners use these routes and the Environmental Protection Agency, has established take the precautionary measures recommended in chapter a No-Discharge Zone (NDZ) in all coastal waters of 3 to reduce the risk of ship strikes. (See North Atlantic Massachusetts covered by this chapter except a small area Right Whales, indexed as such, in chapter 3 for more from Woods Hole to Vineyard Haven, extending about 3 information on right whales and recommended measures miles offshore (see charts 13246 and 13237). to avoid collisions with whales.) Caution: Full bottom (6) Within the NDZ, discharge of sewage, whether coverage surveys have not been conducted within the treated or untreated, from all vessels is prohibited. entire route, so uncharted dangers may exist. Outside the NDZ, discharge of sewage is regulated by (13) Allvessels65feetorgreaterinlengthoverall(L.O.A.) 40 CFR 140 (see chapter 2). and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less in the Cape Cod (7) Bay Seasonal Management Area between January 1 and May 15. The area is defined as all waters of Cape Cod Bay Chart 13246 with a northern boundary of 42°04'56.5\"N., 70°12'W., to 42°12'W., thence due west back to shore. The restriction (8) Cape Cod is a long peninsula forming the easterly applies to a Seasonal Management Area off Race Point extremity of Massachusetts. It makes out from the between March 1 and April 30. The area is defined as the mainland in an easterly direction for 31 miles, then waters bounded by: extends northward for over 20 miles. This cape forms (14) 42°04'56.5\"N., 70°12'W.; the southern and eastern shores of Cape Cod Bay, the (15) 42°12'N., 70°12'W.; northern shore of Nantucket Sound, and the eastern (16) 42°12'N., 70°30'W.; shore of Buzzards Bay. The northern trend of Cape Cod, (17) 42°30'N., 70°30'W.; forming what is sometimes called the Hook of the Cape, (18) 42°30'N., 69°45'W.; is known as the Lower Cape. This section is well settled (19) 41°41'N., 69°45'W.; thence due west to the shore. and composed almost entirely of sandy lands, with high (See 50 CFR 224.105in chapter 2 for regulations, bare sand dunes and low nearly level plains. The portion limitations, and exceptions.) of Cape Cod between Chatham and Cape Cod Canal is (20) The waters of Cape Cod Bay lie within the known as the Upper Cape. This region is wooded and is WHALESNORTH Mandatory Ship Reporting Area. well settled by numerous towns and villages. Each self-propelled ship of 300 gross tons or greater entering WHALESNORTH must participate in the (9) Mandatory Ship Reporting System (See 33 CFR 169, chapter 2, for limits and regulations, and chapter 3 for Currents sample reports). Sovereign immune vessels are exempt (10) The tidal current velocities between Race Point and Highland Light are very strong, but diminish to less than 1 knot between Highland Light and Chatham Light. Strengths of flood and ebb set northward and southward, respectively, along the coast. The time of current changes rapidly, the strength of flood or ebb occurring about 2

184    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   from the requirement to report, but are encouraged to (33) Provincetown Coast Guard Station is about 0.4 participate. mile southwest of the town pier. (21) (34) The finger pier northeastward of the Coast Guard pier is in ruins. Mariners should exercise caution while Area to be avoided navigating in the area. (22) In order to significantly reduce the risk of ship strikes (35) Cape Cod Canal is described in chapter 5. to the North Atlantic right whale, an area to be avoided Complete information about the harbors and ports was established in the Great South Channel, east of the in Cape Cod Bay is contained in United States Coast Boston Harbor traffic lanes. Ships of 300 gross tons and Pilot 1, Atlantic Coast, Eastport to Cape Cod. above should avoid the area bounded by lines connecting the following geographical positions: (36) (23) 41°44'08\"N., 69°34'50\"W.; (24) 42°10'00\"N., 68°31'00\"W.; Charts 13249, 13246 (25) 41°24'53\"N., 68°31'00\"W.; and (26) 40°50'28\"N., 68°58'40\"W. between the period of (37) Between Wood End (42°01'12\"N., 70°11'19\"W.) April 1 through July 31. and Race Point, the westernmost point of Cape Cod, shoals that rise abruptly from deep water extend a (27) maximum of about 0.6 mile from shore. Race Point Light (42°03'44\"N., 70°14'35\"W.), 41 feet above the Chart 13249 water, is shown from a white tower on the northwest point of Cape Cod. (28) Provincetown Harbor, formed by a turn in the northern end of the hook of Cape Cod, has a diameter of (38) Peaked Hill Bar includes shoals with a least depth about 2 miles. It is one of the best harbors on the Atlantic of 11 feet about 3.5 miles northeast of Race Point Light. Coast, having a sizable anchorage area with excellent holding ground. Coasters and fishermen find protection (39) The bar is about 0.6 mile offshore and extends for here in gales from any direction. about 4 miles paralleling the coastline. This area should be given a berth of at least 2 miles. Keeping in a depth (29) The historical town of Provincetown, on the of 20 fathoms will ensure passing 2.5 to 3 miles off the northwestern side of the harbor, is at the site of the first eastern side of Cape Cod. landing of the MAYFLOWER in the new world. Supplies and hull repair facilities are available in Provincetown. (40) Engine repairs are available by arrangement. Chart 13246 (30) The approach and entrance to the harbor are free of dangers and are marked by three lights and by Pilgrim (41) From Race Point, the shore of Cape Cod curves Monument, a slim stone structure 348 feet above the water; northeastward, eastward, and then southeastward for two standpipes are about 0.2 mile westward and another about 9 miles to the Highlands, and is composed of bare is 1.5 miles northeastward of the monument. A 2,500-foot sand dunes of various heights. The sand dunes begin to be stone breakwater is about 300 yards southeastward of the covered with a brownish-looking growth of grass, and the end of the town pier (MacMillan Wharf). The east and land is higher as the Highlands are approached. The water west ends of the breakwater are each marked by a light. shoals somewhat abruptly within 0.5 mile of the shore Strangers should exercise caution when operating in the and care must be taken not to go inside the 10-fathom area. Numerous fishing vessels work out of Provincetown curve. during the year. During the summer, floats are set out that are capable of mooring vessels up to 40 feet. Larger (42) Highland Light (42°02'22\"N., 70°03'39\"W.), 170 vessels must tie up at permanent piers. Anchorage feet above the water, is shown from a 66-foot white tower inside the breakwater is reported to be fair to poor, mud with covered way to the dwelling on a high bluff of the bottom with much debris. The marina close southwest of Highlands. MacMillan Wharf maintains 40 mooring buoys on the west side of the harbor. (43) Prominent objects include a stone crenellated tower, a red brick stack, and three spherical radar domes on the (31) All moorings and berthing in the harbor are under the summit of a ridge, 0.5 mile south of Highland Light. control of the harbormaster, who has an office at the end of the town pier. The harbormaster monitors VHF-FM (44) The shore southward from the Highlands for 12 channel 16, 24 hours a day. miles to Nauset Beach Light has a slight curve. The terrain continues hilly with narrow valleys at intervals. (32) The Captain of the Port, Boston, has established a From Highland Light to near the Chatham entrance the fairway 100 yards wide extending from 42°02'00\"N., water continues to shoal abruptly within 0.5 mile of the 70°09'35\"W. to 42°02'43\"N., 70°11'01\"W., and in the shore. area extending about 100 yards around the piers in Provincetown Harbor. Anchorage is prohibited in this (45) Two spires at Truro, 2.5 miles south of Highland fairway. Light, are prominent. A tank stands out near the shore about 9 miles south-southeastward of Highland Light in South Wellfleet. (46) Nauset Beach Light (41°51'36\"N., 69°57'12\"W.), 120 feet above the water, is shown from a 48-foot conical

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    185 tower, the upper part red and the lower part white, on the Island. There is no marked channel through the shoals. beach at Eastham. The buildings of a former Coast Guard Small vessels with local knowledge use the area with a station, about 1 mile south of the light, are conspicuous. smooth sea; strangers should avoid the area. These shoals (47) The coast from Nauset Beach Light turns gradually are dangerous in thick weather and vessels in the vicinity southward to Chatham, a distance of 11 miles, and should stay in depths of 8 fathoms or more. becomes lower and less steep. The terrain slopes gently (55) The passage inside the barrier beach from Chatham back from the beach and is covered with a scanty growth Light to the head of navigation in Orleans, on the west of grass. side of Meeting House Pond, is about 7.9 miles long and (48) Nauset Harbor, 3.3 miles south of Nauset Beach used by small-craft. The passage, marked by private, Light, is used by small local craft. The area offshore seasonal buoys, leads northerly from the break through of the harbor is a chain of shifting sandbars. Breakers Chatham Harbor, Pleasant Bay, The Narrows, Little are present in this vicinity at all stages of the tide and Pleasant Bay, and The River to Meeting House Pond. even during the calmest weather. The area is extremely The channel requires local knowledge. dangerous for any vessel larger than a runabout or for anyone without local knowledge; strangers should never attempt to enter. (49) Nauset Beach, on the barrier island east of North (56) A boat basin is in Aunt Lydias Cove between Tern Chatham, is continually changing due to the effects Island and Chatham; a fish pier is in the basin. The of erosion and shifting sands. Waves wash across the area is subject to frequent changes. Commercial fishing beach into the sound in several places during periods boats operate from the cove. The harbormaster can be of high water. There is a break in the beach centered in contacted on VHF-FM channel 16. approximately 41°42'16\"N., 69°55'47\"W. The break is unmarked, extremely dangerous, and should be avoided (57) Bassing Harbor, at the north end of Chatham Harbor, by those without local knowledge. is the entrance to Ryder Cove and Crows Pond. A small- craft facility is on the south side of Ryder Cove, about (50) 0.5 mile inside the entrance. A town launching ramp is close westward of the facility. Private seasonal aids mark Charts 13248, 13246 the channel from Chatham Harbor to the town ramp. A 5 mph speed limit is enforced in the cove. A forklift at (51) Chatham, about 11.5 miles southward of Nauset the facility can haul out craft to 25 feet. Gasoline, water, Beach Light, is on fairly high ground on the west side ice, marine supplies, moorings, and storage facilities are of Chatham Harbor. Two conspicuous standpipes with available; hull and engine repairs can be made. In 1981, a red and white tops are at 41°41'38\"N., 69°58'30\"W. reported depth of 3 feet could be carried to the small-craft Chatham Light (41°40'17\"N., 69°57'01\"W.), 80 feet facility. above the water, is shown from a white conical tower on the west side of the harbor. Chatham Coast Guard (58) Nickersons Neck, on the north side of Crows Pond Station is near Chatham Light. and the south side of Pleasant Bay, has a country club on the north side. (52) Chatham Harbor can be entered east of Chatham Light. Shoals are constantly shifting in the entrance and (59) Round Cove, at the southwest end of Pleasant Bay extreme caution is advised. Currents are extremely strong has a town wharf and launching ramp. A combination and dangerous; surf can build up quickly on the outer bar antenna and flagpole on the west bank of the cove is during an ebb tide. Ocean waves carry into the harbor and conspicuous. reportedly break as far north as Tern Island. Anchoring and even mooring in much of Chatham Harbor is not (60) The Narrows is a passage between Sipson Island recommended. Mariners unfamiliar with the area are and the mainland and connects Pleasant Bay with Little advised to stay east of Chatham Beach Lighted Whistle Pleasant Bay. The passage is marked by private seasonal Buoy C (41°39'12\"N., 69°55'30\"W.). buoys. (53) Chatham Inlet Bar Guide Light (41°40'18\"N., (61) Little Pleasant Bay extends about 1.5 miles 69°57'00\"W.), 62 feet above the water, is shown from a northward to Barley Neck. A launching ramp is on the white skeleton tower near Chatham Light. A white (with west bank of the entrance to Paw Wah Pond on the south orange border) and diamond-shaped dayboard worded side of Namequoit Point. ROUGH BAR is on the light. The light will be activated when the seas exceed 2 feet in height and are considered (62) Namequoit River leads westward from the head hazardous for small boats. Small-boat operators are of Little Pleasant Bay to Areys Pond. In 1981, depths cautioned, however, that if the light is not flashing it is of 2 feet were reported in Namequoit River, and the no guarantee that sea conditions are favorable. channel into the pond had depths of 3 feet. A small-craft facility on the north side of the pond has a 50-foot marine (54) About 2.7 miles south of Chatham Light, at what railway, a 2-ton crane, moorings, water, marine supplies, used to be the end of Nauset Beach, is a large area of a launching ramp, and storage facilities; hull, rigging, and shoals which extends southwestward to Monomoy sail repairs can be made. (63) An arm, known as The River, extends northward from the entrance to Namequoit River for about 1 mile to Meeting House Pond. Private seasonal buoys partially

186    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   mark the channel from The River to the pond. A town It should be remembered that the shoals are shifting in landing and launching ramp are on the north side of the character and are subject to change in location and depth. channel leading to the pond. A small-craft facility is on (71) A dangerous wreck, reported covered 15 feet, is off the north side of the pond. In 1981, depths of 4 feet were Monomoy Island in about 41°35'07\"N., 69°57'41\"W. reported in the channel to the pond. A hydraulic trailer Mariners are advised to exercise extreme caution while at the facility can handle craft to 50 feet. Berths and navigating in the area. moorings in depths of 6 to 10 feet, gasoline, water, ice, a (72) Bearse Shoal and Pollock Rip, extending about 5 launching ramp, and storage facilities are available; hull miles eastward of Monomoy Point, are a series of sand and engine repairs can be made. A town ramp is on the shoals and ridges with little water over them in places. east side of the pond southeastward of the small-craft Pollock Rip Channel is between the shoals. facility. (73) Broken Part of Pollock Rip, covered 10 to 18 feet, is eastward of Pollock Rip. (64) (74) Stone Horse Shoal, Little Round Shoal, and Great Round Shoal are portions of a continuous series of sand Chart 13237 shoals and ridges covered 4 to 18 feet. These shoals are directly eastward of the entrance to Nantucket Sound and (65) Nantucket Sound is between the south coast of Cape between the two main channels. Southward and eastward Cod on the north, Nantucket Island and part of Martha’s of these shoals are numerous shoal spots, including Orion Vineyard on the south, and joins Vineyard Sound on the Shoal, covered 16 to 19 feet. west to provide an inside passage. Nantucket Sound has (75) Handkerchief Shoal, extending for 5 miles a length of about 23 miles in an east-west direction and southwestward from Monomoy Point, is covered 2 to a width of 6 to 22 miles. At the eastern entrance and 18 feet. A spot that uncovers 2 feet is about 2.7 miles within the sound are numerous shoals. Between these southwest of the point. On the northwest side the water shoals are well-marked channels making the navigation shoals gradually and soundings will indicate an approach of these waters comparatively easy for powered vessels to danger, but on the southeast side the shoal rises abruptly and also sailing vessels with a fair wind. The shoals at the from the deeper water. Handkerchief Shoal is uneven and eastern entrance are subject to considerable shifting while shifting in character. Vessels should not attempt to pass those inside are somewhat stable. Boulders are along the northward of the buoys marking the southern end and shores. southeast side of the shoal. (66) The channel through Nantucket Sound and Vineyard (76) Sound has a controlling depth of about 30 feet and provides an inside passage for vessels of medium draft Chart 13237 to avoid Nantucket Shoals. This route is used principally by coastwise vessels and pleasure craft. The navigational (77) Nantucket Shoals is the general name of the aids are colored and numbered for passing through the numerous broken shoals which extend 23 miles eastward sound from the eastward. and 39 miles southeastward of Nantucket Island. These extremely dangerous shoals are described in chapter 3; (67) Monomoy and Nantucket Shoals are eastward and caution must be exercised in this area. southeastward of the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound. Owing to the great extent and distance offshore (78) Halfmoon Shoal, near the center of Nantucket of some parts of these shoals, and the strong and baffling Sound, is covered 9 feet. Its southern end is marked by tidal currents which set over them, their navigation in a lighted bell buoy. Depths of 17 and 22 feet are 2.5 and thick or foggy weather is hazardous. In clear weather 1.5 miles, respectively, southeastward of the shoal. Deep- the lights and buoys render navigation of the two draft vessels should use care to avoid them. A lighted bell principal channels, Pollock Rip and Great Round Shoal, buoy is 1.3 miles east-northeast of the 22-foot spot. comparatively easy. For the purpose of description Great Round Shoal Channel will be considered as the dividing (79) Cross Rip Shoal, about 2.5 miles west- line between Monomoy and Nantucket Shoals. southwestward of Halfmoon Shoal, has a least depth of 11 feet. Its northern edge is marked by a lighted gong buoy. (68) Numerous fishtraps are located in Nantucket Sound, A shoal, covered 28 feet, extends 1.2 miles eastward of particularly along the southern shore of Cape Cod. These the buoy. Caution must be exercised in passing between areas may be marked by private lights. this shoal and the shoal making out southwestward from Halfmoon Shoal. (69) (80) Horseshoe Shoal, about 7.5 miles long, bares in Chart 13244 places at extreme low water. Its western side is marked by two buoys and its northern and southeastern sides (70) Monomoy Shoals consist of numerous detached by lighted buoys. The main channel passes between the shoals extending about 5.5 miles in an easterly direction southeastern lighted buoy and the lighted gong buoy and 9.5 miles in a southeasterly direction from Monomoy marking Cross Rip Shoal. Point, the northeast entrance point of Nantucket Sound. Narrow sloughs separate the many parts of the shoals.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    187 (81) L’Hommedieu Shoal, covered 3 feet, and Hedge (89) Fence, covered 5 feet, lie in an east-west direction in the western end of Nantucket Sound and the eastern end of Chart 13237 Vineyard Sound. The water deepens abruptly at the edge of these shoals, and soundings will give little warning of (90) The Main Channel of Nantucket Sound leads approaching dangers. The main channel passes southward southward of Halfmoon Shoal, through Cross Rip of Hedge Fence Shoal. L’Hommedieu Shoal is marked by Channel, southward of Horseshoe Shoal, through the buoys at its north, east, and west ends. Hedge Fence is fairway between Hedge Fence and Squash Meadow, marked by a lighted gong buoy on its southeastern side, and thence into the eastern end of Vineyard Sound. The and a buoy on its western end. channel is used by most of the vessels bound through Nantucket Sound and is well marked by navigational (82) The numerous other shoals in Nantucket Sound are aids. With care a least depth of 30 feet can be carried discussed with the land features near them. through the channel, but the draft of the vessels using it seldom exceeds 24 feet. (83) (91) Cross Rip Lighted Gong Buoy 21 (41°26'51\"N., Channels 70°17'30\"W.), marks the northern edge of Cross Rip (84) Two principal channels lead from the eastward Shoal. into Nantucket Sound. The northerly one is through (92) North Channel leads along the north side of Pollock Rip Channel and Butler Hole, and the southerly Nantucket Sound, on either side of Bishop and Clerks, one through Great Round Shoal Channel. Between the northward of Horseshoe Shoal, between Wreck Shoal and numerous shoals in Nantucket Sound are two well- Eldridge Shoal, northward of L’Hommedieu Shoal, and marked channels leading to the eastern end of Vineyard through one of the openings in the shoals westward of Sound. Muskeget Channel, discussed later in this chapter, L’Hommedieu Shoal into Vineyard Sound. This channel leads into the sound from the southward, eastward of is used mostly by craft bound to points on the north Chappaquiddick Island. shore of Nantucket Sound and by vessels bound through the sound during northerly winds or in winter when the (85) prevailing northerly winds keep the north shore of the sound free from drift ice. The least depth in the channel Chart 13244 is about 16 feet. Lighted and unlighted buoys mark the channel. (86) Pollock Rip Channel and Butler Hole form the most direct channel leading from points northward (93) of Cape Cod to Nantucket Sound. The channel leads between Bearse Shoal and Pollock Rip, thence eastward Anchorages of Handkerchief Shoal. Since large-vessel traffic may be (94) Sailing vessels working through the sound against encountered in this channel, fishing vessels and small craft should avoid the area during thick or foggy weather. The a head wind usually anchor during the night, or if channel is well marked by navigational aids. Mariners becalmed and drifting toward the shoals it is best to should consult the chart and seek local knowledge before anchor and wait for a favorable current or change of entering Pollock Rip Channel and Butler Hole because wind. The only anchorages for vessels of over 10-foot numerous shoals exist in this channel. Caution is advised draft that afford shelter from all winds are Nantucket when transiting the area. Harbor, Hyannis Harbor, and Edgartown inner harbor. Vineyard Haven, the anchorage most used by coasters, (87) Submerged piling, the remains of the former is exposed to northeasterly winds. In northerly winds the Monomoy Point Light structure, may exist about 0.3 mile best anchorages are off Dennis Port, Hyannis Port, and southward of Monomoy Point. An abandoned lighthouse along the north shore. The anchorage off Falmouth is about 1.2 miles northward of the point is prominent. used in most winds by vessels with good ground tackle. In easterly winds vessels sometimes anchor in smooth (88) Great Round Shoal Channel, about 10 miles water westward of Handkerchief Shoal or inside Great southward of Pollock Rip Channel, is used by many large Point. Good shelter from easterly winds can also be fishing vessels transiting Nantucket Sound from New found in Chatham Roads and Edgartown outer harbor. Bedford to Georges Bank and sometimes by sailboats In southerly and westerly winds Edgartown Harbor and that are headed by the wind so as to prevent their working Vineyard Haven are the best anchorages. With the aid of through Pollock Rip Channel. The buoyed channel has a the chart and the directions given under the discussion of controlling depth of about 27 feet between Great Round these harbors, strangers can enter the anchorages. Shoal and Nantucket Shoals. Great Round Shoal and (95) Several general anchorages are in Nantucket Great Round Shoal Channel are subject to continual Sound and its eastern approaches. (See 33 CFR 110.1 change. and 110.140(c)(3) through (c)(7) and (d), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.)

188    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   (96) (107) Daily predictions for Butlers Hole at the western end of Pollock Rip Channel are published in the Tidal Current Routes Tables. (97) Because of the numerous shoals, strong tidal (108) Off the southeast end of Great Round Shoal, the tidal currents, thick fog at certain seasons, and vessels which current is rotary, turning clockwise. The average velocity may be encountered in the narrow parts of the channel at strength is 1.3 knots, and the average minimum velocity through Nantucket Sound, the navigator must use more is 0.3 knot. Tide rips and water surface agitation caused by than ordinary care when in these waters. upwelling may be observed across the 10-fathom contour (98) In clear weather, day or night, the aids are readily east of the entrance to Great Round Shoal Channel. (See distinguished and sufficiently numerous to enable a Tidal Current Tables for predictions.) stranger to follow the channel without difficulty. The strongest currents will be encountered in Pollock Rip (109) From the eastern entrance of Nantucket Sound to the Channel, between Pollock Rip Channel Lighted Buoy lighted gong buoy off Hedge Fence, the time of current 8 and Handkerchief Shoal Buoy 14, and off East and becomes gradually later; the average velocity at strength West Chop. In some places the current sets directly on varies from about 1 to 2 knots. the shoals and in a calm, sailing vessels are sometimes obliged to anchor to prevent going aground. Most of the (110) shoals rise abruptly from deep water and the bottom is very irregular, so soundings alone cannot be depended Weather, Nantucket Sound and Vicinity upon to keep clear of danger. Sailing vessels with a (111) Winter winds and waves along with spring and early favorable current and with some local knowledge beat through the sound against a head wind in clear weather. summer fogs provide weather hazards in these waters. If they find they are losing ground, they come to anchor From October through March gales can be expected within the prescribed anchorages under the lee of one about 3 to 6 percent of the time and are frequently of the shoals, or in one of the harbors until the wind or out of the west and northwest. Some wind and current current changes. interactions can also create problems. The most severe (99) Vessels off Pollock Rip Channel entrance desiring to of these is found at the west entrance to the Cape Cod anchor, wind and sea permitting, should stand westward Canal. Rough seas can develop here when the tide ebbing and anchor west of a line joining Pollock Rip Channel out of the canal opposes a brisk southwest wind. Another Buoy 2A and Chatham Beach Lighted Whistle Buoy C. well known “rough spot” is the West Chop off the north Anchorage may also be had in depths of 5 to 10 fathoms corner of Martha’s Vineyard. At a maximum ebb or flood about 1 mile northeastward of Broken Part of Pollock the current runs 3.5 knots here and when it is opposed by Rip. the wind a nasty chop is set up. (100) In Great Round Shoal Channel, the tidal currents are (112) In general, over open waters, waves of 12 feet (3.7 m) not as strong as in Pollock Rip Channel. Easterly winds or more can be expected 5 to 15 percent of the time from make high tides and strong westerly currents. Westerly November through February. In the shallow portions of winds make low tides and strong easterly currents. Nantucket Sound these frequencies drop, but waves may (101) Pollock Rip Channel and Great Round Shoal Channel break before reaching these heights. are subject to change; vessels of deep draft should wait (113) The characteristic advection fog, formed by warm for a favorable tide. air over cool water, is most frequent from April through (102) The Main Channel through Nantucket Sound is well August.At this time visibilities drop below 2 miles 10 to 18 marked, and strangers should experience little difficulty percent of the time; May, June and July are the worst and in navigating it. Vessels must take care to avoid the 24- caution is advised, particularly near the numerous shoal foot shoal extending 1.2 miles eastward of the buoy areas in these waters. In addition to affecting visibility, marking Cross Rip Shoal and the 17- to 22-foot shoals 2.5 fog also distorts sound so the direction of warning bells and 1.5 miles, respectively, southeastward of Halfmoon and horns may be difficult to discern accurately. Shoal. (114) Thunderstorms can occur in any season but are most (103) The North Channel through Nantucket Sound has likely in spring and summer. Sometimes they appear as broken ground with depths of 16 to 17 feet in some places. squall lines with strong, gusty winds preceding the rain. Strangers should not attempt this channel at night. Occasionally winds can gust to 60 knots. (104) (115) Currents Pilotage, Nantucket Sound (105) The Tidal Current Tables contain detailed current (116) Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels of 350 information for many locations in this area. gross tons or more, U.S. vessels under register of 350 (106) At the eastern entrance to Pollock Rip Channel the gross tons or more and tank barge towing vessels carrying 6,000 barrels or more of petroleum cargoes. Pilotage is flood current sets about 053° and the ebb 212°. available from Northeast Marine Pilots, Inc., Newport, RI, 02840; telephone 401–847–9050 (24 hours), 800– 274–1216; FAX 401–847–9052; email: dispatch@ nemarinepilots.com.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    189 (124) N Chatham Roads and Stage Harbor, Massachusetts Image courtesy of Marblehead Power Squadron (2009) (117) Vessels requiring a tow usually take a tug from the and the shoals extending 1.6 miles from the shore of Cape port of their departure. Cod at Harwich Port. The Roads is the approach to Stage Harbor and the prominent summer resort of Chatham on the hilly ground at the northeast shore of Nantucket Sound. (118) Monomoy Island, a national wildlife refuge on the (125) Stage Harbor Light (41°39'30\"N., 69°59'04\"W.), northeastern side of Nantucket Sound, is a low, narrow 28 feet above the water, is shown from a modular tower spit covered with sand dunes. Vessels sometimes anchor on the northeast side of Chatham Roads on the north side off the east shore of the island in depths of 4 to 6 fathoms of the entrance to Stage Harbor. to await a favorable current for entering the sound. Off (126) Among the conspicuous landmarks approaching Monomoy Point, the south end of the island, shoals make Chatham Roads and Stage Harbor are the domes of the off up to 5 miles eastward. National Weather Service’s installation on the eastern side of Morris Island, a radio tower at South Chatham, (119) Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, a Marine church spires, Chatham Light, and Stage Harbor Light. Protected Area (MPA), extends 1 mile offshore from (127) A dredged channel, marked by lighted and unlighted Monomoy and Morris Islands. buoys, leads from Chatham Roads into Stage Harbor. The entrance is in an area of shifting sandbars and is subject to (120) Tidal currents average about 2 knots at strength in shoaling. A narrow, natural channel continues northerly the channel 0.2 mile west of Monomoy Point. The flood from Stage Harbor through Mitchell River to Mill Pond; current sets 170°, and the ebb 346°. the channel is marked by private buoys. A highway bridge crossing the Mitchell River is under construction (2014). (121) The large bight formed by Monomoy Island and the north shore of Nantucket Sound, eastward of Point (128) Gammon, has extensive shoals scattered throughout and bordering the shores. Not all of the shoals are marked by Anchorage buoys. (129) Good anchorage for vessels up to 18-foot draft can (122) be had in Chatham Roads in depths of 21 to 30 feet, good holding ground. This anchorage is insecure for small craft Chart 13229 in heavy southwesterly gales. Small craft can find a well- sheltered anchorage in Stage Harbor. (123) Chatham Roads, at the northeast end of Nantucket Sound, is between the extensive shoals which extend northwestward from the northern end of Monomoy Island

190    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   (139) Saquatucket Harbor, Massachusetts N Image courtesy of Marblehead Power Squadron (2009) (130) Stage Island and on the west bank of Oyster Pond River just above the first bend about 0.7 mile above the entrance Routes to the river. (131) Vessels approaching Chatham Roads from the (135) There are a marina and boatyard on the north side of Stage Harbor adjacent to the fish piers, and a marina southward should pass westward of Handkerchief Shoal on Mitchell River just west of the bridge. The marine and the extensive shoals westward of Monomoy Island. railway at the boatyard can haul out craft up to 50 feet for Approaching from the westward pass either side of hull and engine repairs or dry open or covered storage. Bishop and Clerks and thence southward of the seasonal Storage is also available at the bridge. Gasoline, diesel lighted whistle buoy off Kill Pond Bar, a shoal covered fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, and moorings are 4 to 11 feet off the northwest entrance to Chatham Roads. available at Stage Harbor and at the bridge. The marina When off the entrance to Chatham Roads, steer 063° with at the bridge has a 10-ton lift; berthage in 6 feet of water, Stage Harbor and Chatham Lights in range. This course gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage facilities, some will lead about 500 yards southeastward of Chatham marine supplies and a launching ramp are also available. Roads Bell Buoy 3 and north of the buoy marking A launching ramp is on Sears Point. Common Flat, the shoal on the eastern side of the roads, (136) Oyster Pond River extends from Stage Harbor for to the Stage Harbor approach buoy about 0.8 mile west- about 0.7 mile in a northwesterly direction, thence for southwestward of Stage Harbor Light. An anchorage may 0.8 mile in a northeasterly direction into Oyster Pond. be had northward of the approach buoy in depths of about Private seasonal aids mark the channel at the bend in the 28 feet. Boats continuing to Stage Harbor will pick up the river. Shoaling to 2 feet was reported at the bend in 1981. channel entrance buoys about 800 yards southwestward On the west bank at the bend there are a town wharf, a of Stage Harbor Light. The channel is well marked. launching ramp, and a fish wharf. At 0.3 mile and 0.5 mile above the bend on the west bank are two boatyards and marinas. The largest marine railway at the yards can haul out craft up to 44 feet for hull and engine repairs (132) A 5 mph speed limit is enforced in the harbor. or dry open or covered storage. Gasoline, diesel fuel, (133) The harbor is closed by ice for short periods each water, ice, marine supplies, launching ramps, berthage, and moorings are available. winter. Local fishermen will act as pilots for craft desiring one. (134) The commercial fish piers in Stage Harbor are on The Neck at the head of the dredged channel opposite

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    191 (137) Mill Creek, 1.6 miles northwestward of Stage A marina and boatyard on the west side at the head of the Harbor Light, is used only at high water by small local harbor has a 7-ton forklift and a hydraulic trailer that can craft. The entrance between the jetties was reported to handle craft up to 34 feet for hull, engine and electronic have 1½ feet in 1964. The tall radio tower of Chatham repairs. Open and covered storage, electricity, gasoline, Radio Station WCC is prominent about 0.4 mile west of diesel fuel, water, ice, a pump-out station, marine supplies the jetties. Cockle Cove has been entered by small boats and a launching ramp are available. In 2008, the reported through one of the breakthroughs in the sandbar. alongside depth was 5 feet. The harbormaster who supervises Allen Harbor has his office at Saquatucket (138) Saquatucket Harbor, is entered about 3.5 miles Harbor. He can be reached at 508–430–7532 for local westward of Stage Harbor Light. A dredged channel leads information. from Chatham Roads to an anchorage basin at the head (146) Herring River, 6 miles west of Stage Harbor Light, of the harbor. The entrance is protected by jetties. Buoys has a large prominent hotel on the west side and windmill mark the channel, and a light marks the outer end of the on the east side of the entrance. The entrance, between east jetty. A marina is on the north side of the anchorage two small jetties, is subject to shoaling. The approach is basin. Berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, a pump-out marked by private seasonal buoys, and the outer end of station, and a launching ramp are available. In 2008, an the west jetty is marked by a private seasonal light. In approach depth of 6 feet was reported at the marina berths 1973, the midchannel controlling depth was 6 feet in the with an alongside depth of 10 feet. The marina monitors entrance channel. A basin dredged in the river just below VHF-FM channel 68. The harbormaster here also the bridge has moorings for craft drawing up to 3 feet. supervises Wychmere Harbor, Allen Harbor, Herring The fixed bridge, about 0.3 mile above the mouth, has a River, and Round Cove in Pleasant Bay. A 5 mph speed 14-foot fixed span with a clearance of 10 feet. State Route limit is enforced in these areas. The harbormaster can be 28 highway bridge about 0.8 mile above the mouth has contacted at 508–430–7532. a 20-foot fixed span with a clearance of 7 feet. Limited supplies may be obtained at Dennis Port about 0.7 mile (140) Wychmere Harbor, 3.7 miles westward of Stage westward of the river. Harbor Light, is a circular basin with a bulkheaded entrance protected by two jetties. The west jetty is hook- shaped and marked on the end by a light. The east jetty is short. The harbor is used by fishing and pleasure craft. (147) Swan Pond River, about 1.9 miles west of Herring The village of Harwich Port is west of the harbor. A River, is a narrow shallow creek bordered by marsh, church spire about 0.5 mile westward of the harbor and a which drains Swan Pond. Fishermen and pleasure craft hotel on the west bank of the entrance are conspicuous. enter at high water. Fish wharves are on the east bank just above the bridge about 0.3 mile above the mouth. (141) In 1994, the reported controlling depth across the bar was 8 feet. Inside the jetties, the channel has a depth of 6 (148) Bass River, 9.6 miles westward of Stage Harbor feet to the harbor. The channel is subject to shoaling. The Light, is entered between two jetties. A light is on the outer anchorage basin, known locally as Harwich Port west jetty. A seasonal lighted buoy, 1.1 miles southward Harbor, has a depth of about 8 feet with good holding of the jetty light, marks the approach. A channel marked ground. by private seasonal buoys leads over the bar from about 0.4 mile southward of the jetty light through the jetties (142) There is a large summer club-hotel and wharf on to an anchorage basin in the lower part of the river, and the west side of the jettied entrance. A town wharf is thence to the highway bridge at South Dennis, 3.1 miles on the east side. A boatyard is at the inner end of the above the mouth. The bridge has a 25-foot fixed span channel. Berthage, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, a with a clearance of 10 feet. The entrance to the anchorage pump-out facility, marine supplies, and storage facilities basin and the channel over the bar are subject to shoaling. are available; hull and engine repairs can be made. A In 2001, the dredged entrance channel had a reported patrol boat enforces a speed limit of 5 mph; the patrol controlling depth of 4.6 feet to the river mouth, just inside boat monitors VHF-FM channels 16, 22, and 68. The the jetties; thence in 1981, the river channel had a reported harbormaster who supervises Wychmere Harbor has his depth of 5 feet to South Yarmouth, thence 2 feet to the office at Saquatucket Harbor. He can be reached at 508– bridge at South Dennis. In 1992, severe shoaling was 430–7532 for advice on moorings or local conditions. reported across the mouth of the river. Private seasonal buoys mark the channel to Follins Pond, about 6.1 miles (143) Allen Harbor, about 4.8 miles west of Stage Harbor above the mouth. Light, has a narrow entrance between two jetties into Doanes Creek. Allen Harbor is at the head of the creek. (149) State Route 28 highway bridge crossing the river The west jetty is marked by a private seasonal light. between West Dennis and South Yarmouth, about 1.5 An elevated water tank north of the harbor is a good miles above the mouth, has a 30-foot fixed span with a landmark. clearance of 15 feet. (144) In 1979, the controlling depth in the entrance channel (150) A 5 mph speed limit is enforced on the river. was 5 feet. Private seasonal buoys mark the channel. The (151) About 0.8 mile above the mouth, a channel leads harbor affords good shelter for small craft. eastward to a lagoon; a dredged depth of 10 feet was (145) A town landing and launching ramp at the west end of the bridge were reported to have about 6 feet alongside.

192    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   reported in the channel and lagoon. West Dennis Yacht (159) Point Gammon, 12 miles west-northwestward of Club is at the head of the lagoon. Monomoy Point, is the eastern entrance point to Hyannis (152) A marina and boatyard, about 0.4 mile below the Harbor. The point, prominent and wooded, is marked first highway bridge, has a lift that can haul out craft up by an abandoned lighthouse tower. A reef, partly bare to 45 feet for hull and engine repairs or dry open and at low water, extends about 0.3 mile south of the point. covered storage. Electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, Extensive flats with rocks awash at low water extend 1 ice, marine supplies, a pump-out station and a launching mile northwestward of the point. Gazelle Rock, covered ramp are available. In 2008, 6 feet was reported alongside 5 feet and marked by a seasonal lighted buoy, is about the dock. The marina monitors VHF-FM channel 16. 0.5 mile south-southeastward of the point. Senator Town landings and launching ramps are on both sides of Shoal, covered 11 feet and unmarked, is about 1 mile the river at and below the bridge. southeastward of the point. Hallets Rock, covered 17 (153) Rental boats, gasoline, bait, and tackle can be feet, is about 1 mile south of the point and another rock, obtained at a fishing pier just north of the east end of the covered 13 feet, is about 1.2 miles south-southeast of the bridge. A marina, above the pier, has berths, gasoline, point in the vicinity of Hallets Rock. There are several diesel fuel, water, ice, a pump-out station, a 35-ton lift, submerged rocks in this area, which extends in a general and storage facilities; hull and engine repairs can be line running northwest and southeast between Hallets made. Rock and Gazelle Rock to a private seasonal light 0.5 (154) Two fixed bridges, railroad and highway, cross the mile west of the point; the light marks a fishtrap. In 1990, river about 0.7 mile above the highway bridge at South a sunken wreck was reported about 0.2 mile southward Dennis. Least clearances are: 25 feet horizontal, and 8 of Hallets Rock in about 41°35.3'N., 70°15.7'W. feet vertical. (155) In 1981, it was reported that about 4 feet could be (160) Bishop and Clerks, about 2.2 miles southward of carried at high water to a marina and boatyard on Kellys Point Gammon, is an extensive shoal area. The center of Bay, about 0.3 mile above the railroad and highway the shoal is marked by a light. Several rocks awash at bridges. A mobile lift at the yard can haul out craft to 28 low water are on the arm of the shoal that extends about feet for hull and engine repairs or dry open or covered 0.9 mile south of the light. A rock, covered 5 feet, is 0.7 storage. Gasoline, water, moorings, and berths are mile south-southeastward of the light. The rest of the available. In 1981, depths of 5 to 6 feet were reported at shoal is covered 8 to 18 feet. A lighted gong buoy, about the boatyard. 1.15 miles southward; an unlighted buoy, about 0.75 (156) Dogfish Bar, an extensive shoal area off Bass River mile westward; and a lighted bell buoy, about 0.7 mile entrance, is covered 1 to 6 feet. A small breakwater, northeastward of the light, mark the limits of the shoal formerly used as a shelter for small craft, is on the easterly area. Caution should be exercised when in the vicinity of end of the bar, about 1 mile southeastward of Bass River this shoal. West Jetty Light 11. The area around the breakwater and northeasterly of it has shoaled. Rocks awash at low water (161) Broken Ground, a shoal area westward of the south are about 0.4 mile northwestward of the breakwater. These end of Bishop and Clerks, has depths of 14 to 18 feet. rocks are marked by a private seasonal buoy. A fish haven, West Southwest Ledge, 1.6 miles southwest of Point marked by a private buoy, is about 2 miles south of the Gammon and northwest of Bishop and Clerks, has depths breakwater, and a fishtrap marked by a private seasonal of 15 to 18 feet. A lighted bell buoy is northward of the light is 1.8 miles southwest of the breakwater. ledge and marks the approach to Hyannis Harbor. A group (157) Parkers River, about 1.2 miles west of Bass River, of dangerous rocks and obstructions are on the edge of is entered between two jetties and extends 1.3 miles the flat that extends northwestward from Point Gammon northward to Seine Pond. A motel on the east side of and into the approach to Hyannis Harbor. A rock, covered the entrance is prominent. Local knowledge should be 11 feet in about 41°37'02.9\"N., 70°17'21.1\"W., is the obtained before entering the river. In 2000, the entrance westernmost and marked close W by Hyannis Harbor channel had a reported controlling depth of 4.1 feet. The Lighted Buoy 4. entrance is reported to shoal quickly after dredging. A fixed highway bridge crosses the river about 1 mile above (162) Hyannis Harbor, protected by a breakwater, is used the entrance. as a harbor of refuge by coasting vessels and pleasure (158) Local fishermen and pleasure craft enter and moor craft of less than 14-foot draft. A light is on the end of the in dredged slips on the east side of the river. An unnamed breakwater. The harbor is the approach to Hyannis Port, creek, about 0.2 mile above the mouth, leads westward on the west side of the harbor, Lewis Bay, and Hyannis 0.5 mile to Lewis Pond. Small craft can enter the creek at the head of the northwest arm of Lewis Bay. only at high water. Small craft may enter the pond but there are no moorings or services available. A marina is (163) The most prominent objects when approaching on the east side of the river just below the highway bridge; the harbor are: the daybeacon on Great Rock, two red berths are available. and white checkered standpipes, a light blue tank, the breakwater light, the abandoned lighthouse tower on Point Gammon, and the square gray stone church belfry on the hill overlooking Hyannis Port to the westward.

 U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4    ¢    193 (170) N Hyannis, Massachusetts Image courtesy of Marblehead Power Squadron (2009) (164) (168) Hyannis Port is a summer resort with many prominent homes. A privately dredged channel, with Routes reported depths of 6 feet in 2005, leads to the Hyannis (165) Vessels approaching Hyannis Harbor from the Port Yacht Club landing on the west shore of the harbor. eastward should shape a course to pass about 1,000 (169) Lewis Bay, with depths of 2 to 12 feet, extends yards south of Hallets Rock, exercising caution to avoid northeastward from Hyannis Harbor. In the northwest the reported wreck mentioned earlier, thence about 317° corner of the bay is the channel to the summer resort of to a point about 0.6 mile southwestward of Great Rock Hyannis. The town has a hospital. Hyannis Yacht Club Daybeacon 4A, and thence about 012° to pass about 100 is on the west of the bay. A channel, marked by private yards or more eastward of the breakwater light. Vessels seasonal buoys, leads westward to Hyannis Yacht Club. may anchor inside the breakwater on the east edge of the The club can accommodate craft to 140 feet; a reported mooring area in depths of 15 to 20 feet, soft bottom. Small dockside depth of 8 feet is available. craft can anchor in the northern portion of the harbor in depths of 4 to 8 feet, but care must be taken to keep clear (171) A dredged channel leads from Hyannis Harbor of a charted, submerged wreck, marked by a buoy. into Lewis Bay, thence to an anchorage basin north of (166) Approaching from the westward, from a position Harbor Bluff, thence to the town wharf at Hyannis, at about midway between Horseshoe Shoal Buoy 7 and the westernmost end. The channel is well marked but is Wreck Shoal Bell Buoy 8 (chart 13237), steer about 054° subject to shoaling, especially in the vicinity of Lewis to pass about 1400 yards east of Hodges Rock Buoy 2, Bay Approach Channel Buoy 9. Vessels entering Lewis and thence about 012° to pass about 100 yards eastward Bay must be guided by the buoys marking the dredged of the breakwater light in entering the harbor. channel and by the color of the water, deepest where (167) Ice seldom interferes with the movement of vessels it is darkest. Heavy vessel traffic should be expected in Hyannis Harbor during normal winters; the prevailing during summer months. A riprap jetty extends 1,000 feet northerly winds keep the harbor clear. However, during southerly from Dunbar Point. severe winters or persistent southwesterly winds, the harbor may be temporarily closed to navigation. During (172) particularly severe winters, the harbor has been closed by ice for up to 3 months. Anchorages (173) Vessels with drafts up to 13 feet may anchor in the anchorage northeast of Hyannis Breakwater. Small craft can anchor in Lewis Bay west of the channel, off Hyannis

194    ¢    U.S. Coast Pilot 2, Chapter 4   Yacht Club and north of Dunbar Point. Limited anchorage unmarked rocks 7 and 3 feet high and a rock covered 4 is reported available in the basin north of Harbor Bluff. feet. Spindle Rock, awash at low water and marked by a buoy, is near the head of Centerville Harbor. A rock awash (174) at low water and a rock covered 2 feet are 200 yards north of the buoy. Two unmarked rocks covered 6 feet are 1.7 Small-craft facilities miles southwestward of Hyannis Point. (175) Several small-craft facilities and launching ramps (183) Centerville Harbor is a bight 2 miles wide in the north shore of Nantucket Sound westward of Hyannis are along the northwestern arm of Lewis Bay northward Point. A church spire and an elevated tank in Centerville, of Harbor Bluff. Limited berths are also available at the the village inland from the head of the harbor, are used town marina on the west side at the head of the arm. A as guides for entering the harbor. Craigville Beach, on dockmaster is usually in attendance at this marina and the north side of the harbor, is a popular bathing beach. can be reached at 508–790–6327 or VHF-FM channel 16. The approach to Centerville Harbor is obstructed by the previously mentioned rocks and shoals. The natural channel with depths of 9 to 10 feet leads to the anchorage. Anchorage with good holding ground may be had in (176) For local information on moorings and berthings, depths of 14 to 20 feet; however, vessels seldom anchor the harbormaster can be contacted at 508–790–6273, here for shelter as the harbor is exposed to southerly through the Barnstable police department at 508–775– winds. The shoals off the entrance somewhat break the 0387, or VHF-FM channels 16 and 9. A police boat from force of the seas from southward, but not sufficiently the town of Barnstable and a Yarmouth Harbor Patrol boat to make it a safe anchorage. Strangers should not enter patrol Hyannis Harbor during the summer. A 6 mph speed except in the daytime with clear weather. Ice may close limit is enforced in Lewis Bay north of Harbor Bluff and the harbor in the winter. in Hyannis Harbor in the channel leading to the yacht (184) East Bay, on the west side of Centerville Harbor, club. has depths of 1 to 4 feet. Small pleasure boats enter the bay en route to Centerville River. The entrance to East (177) Ferries to Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard berth Bay, protected by a jetty on the southwestern side, had a in the harbor at Hyannis. Barnstable Municipal Airport reported controlling depth of about 5 feet in 1981, but is is just north of the town. subject to shoaling. A private light marks the end of the jetty. Centerville River, which enters the northeast side (178) Westward of Hyannis Harbor breakwater the water of the bay, has been privately dredged for a width of 30 is shoal with numerous rocks extending well offshore. feet to the head of navigation. In 2005, a reported depth Eddie Woods Rock, covered 4 feet and unmarked, is 0.6 of about 3 feet could be taken over the bar into Centerville mile southwestward of the breakwater light. A fishtrap River. Small boats moor in the river off Centerville, or marked by a private light is about 0.4 mile south of the tie up to private piers. A 6 mph speed limit is enforced rock. in East Bay and Centerville River. (185) A conspicuous stone tower with a mushroom-shaped (179) Squaw Island, 1 mile westward of Hyannis Harbor top is on the north side of the river. A town landing is on Breakwater Light H, is marked by a tower. Hyannis the north side just above the tower. A launching ramp is Point, the southerly tip of the island, is on the eastern on the west shore of East Bay. A conspicuous wooden side of Centerville Harbor. tower with a balcony on top is 0.3 mile southwestward of the jetty. (180) Southward of Hyannis Point and Centerville Harbor (186) CotuitAnchorage, 6.5 miles west of Point Gammon, are numerous shoals and rocks. Southwest Ground, the is an anchorage for small craft between the shoals which area about 1.5 miles south of Hyannis Point, has numerous make off the shore. The anchorage is exposed to southerly rocks and shoal spots necessitating extreme caution for winds and is seldom used except by local craft. The vessels navigating the area. Southwest Rock, about 1.1 channel to the anchorage is marked by buoys, and vessels miles south of Hyannis Point, is marked by a daybeacon. of less than 6-foot draft should experience no difficulty Unmarked rocks, some awash at low water and others in keeping in the best water. Lone Rock, covered 4 feet covered 2 to 6 feet, are between the buoy and Hyannis and marked by a buoy, is near the southern side of the Point. anchorage. A long shoal, covered 4 feet and marked by a buoy at its southeast end, is 0.5 mile northeastward of (181) Hodges Rock, covered 5 feet and marked by a buoy, Lone Rock and about 0.7 mile south of the entrance to is 1 mile southward of Southwest Rock Daybeacon. West Bay. An unmarked rock covered 8 feet is 300 yards east of (187) West Bay, on the north side of Cotuit Anchorage Hodges Rock. Bearse Rock, covered 5 feet and marked and 19 miles west of Stage Harbor, has a jettied entrance by a buoy, is 0.5 mile southwestward of Southwest Rock about 150 feet wide and is the approach to the village Daybeacon. Channel Rock, covered 5 feet and marked of Osterville, on the east side of the bay. A private light by a buoy, is 0.4 mile west of Bearse Rock. Gallatin Rock, covered 4 feet and marked by a buoy, is 0.4 mile southwestward of Bearse Rock. Collier Ledge, 1.5 miles west-southwestward of Southwest Rock Daybeacon, is awash at low water. It is marked by a lighted buoy in the summer and an unlighted buoy in the winter. (182) Gannet Ledge, covered 5 feet and marked by a buoy, is 1.1 miles southwest of Hyannis Point. Gannet Rocks, 0.3 mile north of Gannet Ledge, include two