Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 143 precautionary area is bounded to the east by a circle of (2825) 40°19.33'N., 73°04.97'W. radius 15.5 miles, centered upon geographic position: (2794) 40°35.00'N., 69°00.00'W., and is intersected by the §167.154 Off New York: Southeastern approach. traffic separation schemes “In the Approach to Boston, (2826) (a) A separation zone is established bounded by a Massachusetts” and “Off New York” at the following geographic positions: line connecting the following geographic positions: (2795) 40°50.33'N., 68°57.00'W. (2827) 40°03.10'N., 73°17.93'W. (2796) 40°23.75'N., 69°14.63'W. (2828) 40°06.50'N., 73°22.73'W. (2797) (2) The precautionary area is bounded to the west (2829) 40°22.45'N., 73°43.55'W. by a line connecting the two traffic separation schemes (2830) 40°23.20'N., 73°42.70'W. between the following geographic positions: (2831) 40°08.72'N., 73°20.10'W. (2798) 40°36.75'N., 69°15.16'W. (2832) 40°05.32'N., 73°15.28'W. (2799) 40°48.00'N., 69°03.33'W. (2833) (b) A traffic lane for northwest-bound traffic is es- §167.152 Off New York: Eastern approach, off tablished between the separation zone and a line con- Nantucket. necting the following geographic positions: (2800) (a) A separation zone is established bounded by a (2834) 40°08.98'N., 73°10.87'W. line connecting the following geographic positions: (2835) 40°12.42'N., 73°15.67'W. (2801) 40°28.75'N., 69°14.83'W. (2836) 40°24.02'N., 73°41.97'W. (2802) 40°27.62'N., 70°13.77'W. (2837) (c) A traffic lane for southeast-bound traffic is es- (2803) 40°30.62'N., 70°14.00'W. tablished between the separation zone and a line con- (2804) 40°31.75'N., 69°14.97'W. necting the following geographic positions: (2805) (b) A traffic lane for westbound traffic is established (2838) 40°21.82'N., 73°44.55'W. between the separation zone and a line connecting the (2839) 40°02.80'N., 73°27.15'W. following geographic positions: (2840) 39°59.43'N., 73°22.35'W. (2806) 40°36.75'N., 69°15.17'W. (2807) 40°35.62'N., 70°14.15'W. §167.155 Off New York: Southern approach. (2808) (c) A traffic lane for eastbound traffic is established (2841) (a) A separation zone is established bounded by a between the separation zone and a line connecting the following geographic positions: line connecting the following geographic positions: (2809) 40°22.62'N., 70°13.60'W. (2842) 39°45.70'N., 73°48.00'W. (2810) 40°23.75'N., 69°14.63'W. (2843) 40°20.63'N., 73°48.33'W. (2844) 40°20.87'N., 73°47.07'W. §167.153 Off New York: Eastern approach, off (2845) 39°45.70'N., 73°44.00'W. Ambrose Light. (2846) (b) A traffic lane for northbound traffic is estab- (2811) (a) A separation zone is established bounded by a line connecting the following geographic positions: lished between the separation zone and a line connect- (2812) 40°24.33'N., 73°04.97'W. ing the following geographic positions: (2813) 40°24.20'N., 73°11.50'W. (2847) 39°45.70'N., 73°37.70'W. (2814) 40°26.00'N., 73°40.93'W. (2848) 40°21.25'N., 73°45.85'W. (2815) 40°27.00'N., 73°40.75'W. (2849) (c) A traffic lane for southbound traffic is estab- (2816) 40°27.20'N., 73°11.50'W. lished between the separation zone and a line connect- (2817) 40°27.33'N., 73°04.95'W. ing the following geographic positions: (2818) (b) A traffic lane for westbound traffic is established (2850) 40°20.53'N., 73°49.65'W. between the separation zone and a line connecting the (2851) 39°45.70'N., 73°54.40'W. following geographic positions: (2852) Note: Use of LORAN C enables masters of appropri- (2819) 40°32.33'N., 73°04.95'W. ately equipped vessels to be informed highly accurately (2820) 40°32.20'N., 73°11.50'W. and continuously about the vessel’s position in the area (2821) 40°28.00'N., 73°40.73'W. covered by this scheme. (2822) (c) A traffic lane for eastbound traffic is established between the separation zone and a line connecting the following geographic positions: (2823) 40°25.05'N., 73°41.32'W. (2824) 40°19.20'N., 73°11.50'W.
144 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 Part 169–Ship Reporting Systems (2867) LRIT Data Center means a center established by a SOLAS Contracting Government or a group of Con- Subpart A–General tracting Governments, or in the case of International Data Center, by IMO, to request, receive, process, and §169.1 What is the purpose of this part? archive LRIT information. An LRIT Data Center may be (2853) This subpart prescribes the requirements for man- National, Regional, Co-operative or International. datory ship reporting systems. Ship reporting systems (2868) Mandatory ship reporting system means a ship re- are used to provide, gather, or exchange information porting system that requires the participation of speci- through radio reports. The information is used to pro- fied vessels or classes of vessels, and that is established vide data for many purposes including, but not limited by a government or governments after adoption of a to: navigation safety, maritime security and domain proposed system by the International Maritime Organi- awareness, environmental protection, vessel traffic zation (IMO) as complying with all requirements of services, search and rescue, weather forecasting and regulation V/8-1 of the International Convention for prevention of marine pollution. the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS), ex- cept paragraph (e) thereof. §169.5 How are terms used in this part defined? (2854) As used in this part- (2869) Mobile offshore drilling unit means a self-propelled (2855) Administration means the Government of the vessel capable of engaging in drilling operations for the exploration or exploitation of subsea resources. State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. (2856) Cargo ship means any ship which is not a passen- (2870) Passenger ship means a ship that carries more than 12 passengers. ger ship. (2857) Flag Administration means the Government of a (2871) Self-propelled ships means ships propelled by me- chanical means. State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. (2858) Gross tonnage means tonnage as defined under (2872) Shore-based authority means the government ap- pointed office or offices that will receive the reports the International Convention on Tonnage Measure- made by ships entering each of the mandatary ship re- ment of Ships, 1969 (Incorporated by reference, see porting systems. The office or offices will be responsi- §169.15). ble for the management and coordination of the (2859) Gross tons means vessel tonnage measured in ac- system, interaction with participating ships, and the cordance with the method utilized by the flag state ad- safe and effective operation of the system. Such an au- ministration of that vessel. thority may or may not be an authority in charge of a (2860) High speed craft means a craft that is operable on vessel traffic service. or above the water and is capable of a maximum speed equal to or exceeding V=3.7xdispl1667, where “V” is the (2873) United States means the States of the United maximum speed and “displ” is the vessel displacement States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, corresponding to the design waterline in cubic meters. the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Northern (2861) High speed passenger craft means a high speed Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession craft carrying more than 12 passengers. of the United States. (2862) International voyage means a voyage from a coun- try to which the present International Convention for §169.10 What geographic coordinates are used? the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 applies to a port (2874) Geographic coordinates expressed in terms of lati- outside such country, or conversely. For U.S. ships, such voyages will be considered to originate at a port in tude or longitude, or both, are not intended for plotting the United States, regardless of when the voyage actu- on maps or charts where the referenced horizontal da- ally began. Such voyages for U.S. ships will continue tum is the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), until the ship returns to the United States from its last unless such geographic coordinates are expressly la- foreign port. beled NAD 83. Geographic coordinates without the (2863) Long range identification and tracking (LRIT) in- NAD 83 reference may be plotted on maps or charts ref- formation or position report means report containing erenced to NAD 83 only after application of the appro- the following information: priate corrections that are published on the particular (2864) (1) The identity of the ship; map or chart being used. (2865) (2) The position of the ship (latitude and longi- tude); and §169.15 Incorporation by reference: Where can I (2866) (3) The date and time of the position provided. get a copy of the publications mentioned in this part? (2875) (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 145 Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part Subpart B–Establishment of Two Mandatory 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in Ship Reporting Systems for the Protection of this section, the Coast Guard must publish notice of North Atlantic Right Whales change in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved material is avail- §169.100 What mandatory ship reporting systems able for inspection at the National Archives and Re- are established by this subpart? cords Administration (NARA). For information on the (2885) This subpart prescribes requirements for the estab- availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030 lishment and maintenance of two mandatory ship re- or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_regis- porting systems for the protection of the endangered ter/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. northern right whale (also known as the North Atlantic Also, it is available for inspection at the Coast Guard, right whale). These two systems are designated for cer- Office of Navigation Systems (CG-54132), 2100 Second tain areas of the East Coast of the United States. One Street, SW., Washington, DC 20593-0001, and is avail- system is located in the northeast and is identified as able from the sources indicated in this section. WHALESNORTH. The other system is located in the (2876) (b) International Electrotechnical Commission southeast and is identified as WHALESSOUTH. (IEC) Bureau Central de la Commission (2886) Note: 50 CFR 224.103(c) contains requirements Electrotechnique Internationale, 3 rue de Varembé, and procedures concerning North Atlantic right whale P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. approach limitations and avoidance procedures. (2877) (1) IEC 60945, Fourth edition 2002-08, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and §169.102 Who is the shore-based authority? systems-General requirements-Methods of testing and (2887) The U.S. Coast Guard is the shore-based authority required test results, incorporation by reference ap- proved for §169.215. for these mandatory ship reporting systems. (2878) (2) [Reserved] (2879) (c) International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4 §169.105 Where is the northeastern reporting Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, U.K. system located? (2880) (1) IMO Resolution MSC.202(81), adopted on May (2888) Geographical boundaries of the northeastern area 19, 2006, Adoption of Amendments to the International include the waters of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Bay, Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as and the Great South Channel east and southeast of Amended, incorporation by reference approved for Massachusetts. The coordinates (NAD 83) of the area §160.240. are as follows: from a point on Cape Ann, Massachu- (2881) (2) IMO Resolution MSC. 210(81), adopted on May setts at 42°39'N, 70°37'W; then northeast to 42°45'N, 19, 2006, Performance Standards and Functional Re- 70°13'W; then southeast to 42°10'N, 68°31'W; then quirements for the Long-Range Identification and south to 41°00'N, 68°31'W; then west to 41°00'N, Tracking of Ships, incorporation by reference approved 69°17'W; then northwest to 42°05'N, 70°02'W; then for §§169.215 and 169.240. west to 42°04'N, 70°10'W; and then along the Massa- (2882) (3) IMO Resolution MSC.254(83), adopted on Octo- chusetts shoreline of Cape Cod Bay and Massachusetts ber 12, 2007, Adoption of Amendments to the Perfor- Bay back to the point on Cape Ann at 42°39'N, 70°37'W. mance Standards and Functional Requirements for the Long-Range Identification and Tracking of Ships, in- §169.110 When is the northeastern reporting corporation by reference approved for §§169.215 and system in effect? 169.240. (2889) The mandatory ship reporting system in the north- (2883) (4) IMO Resolution A.694(17), adopted on Novem- eastern United States operates year-round. ber 6, 1991, General Requirements for Shipborne Ra- dio Equipment Forming Part of the Global Maritime §169.115 Where is the southeastern reporting Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and for Elec- system located? tronic Navigational Aids, incorporation by reference (2890) Geographical boundaries of the southeastern area approved for §165.215. include coastal waters within about 25 nautical miles (2884) (5) International Convention on Tonnage Measure- (45 kilometers) along a 90-nautical mile (170-kilome- ment of Ships, 1969, incorporation by reference ap- ter) stretch of the Atlantic seaboard in Florida and proved for §169.5. Georgia. The area coordinates (NAD 83) extends from the shoreline east to longitude 80°51.6'W with the southern and northern boundaries at latitude 30°00'N and 31°27'N., respectively.
146 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 §169.120 When is the southeastern reporting Subpart C-Transmission of Long Range system in effect? Identification and Tracking Information (2891) The mandatory ship reporting system in the south- eastern United States operates during the period begin- §169.200 What is the purpose of this subpart? ning on November 15 each year through April 16 of the (2901) This subpart implements Regulation 19-1 of following year. SOLAS Chapter V (SOLAS V/19-1) and requires certain §169.125 What classes of ships are required to ships engaged on an international voyage to transmit make reports? vessel identification and position information electron- (2892) Each self-propelled ship of 300 gross tons or ically. This requirement enables the Coast Guard to ob- greater must participate in the reporting systems, ex- tain long range identification and tracking (LRIT) cept government ships exempted from reporting by information and thus heightens our overall maritime regulation V/8–1(c) of SOLAS. However, exempt ships domain awareness, enhances our search and rescue op- are encouraged to participate in the reporting systems. erations, and increases our ability to detect anomalies and deter transportation security incidents. §169.130 When are ships required to make §169.205 What types of ships are required to reports? transmit LRIT information (position reports)? (2893) Participating ships must report to the shore-based (2902) The following ships, while engaged on an authority upon entering the area covered by a report- international voyage, are required to transmit position ing system. Additional reports are not necessary for reports: movements made within a system or for ships exiting a (2903) (a) A passenger ship, including high speed passen- system. ger craft. (2904) (b) A cargo ship, including high speed craft, of 300 §169.135 How must the reports be made? gross tonnage or more. (2894) (a) A ship equipped with INMARSAT C must report (2905) (c) A mobile offshore drilling unit while underway and not engaged in drilling operations. in IM0 standard format as provided in §169.140 in table 169.140. §169.210 Where during its international voyage (2895) (b) A ship not equipped with INMARSAT C must re- must a ship transmit position reports? port to the Coast Guard using other means, listed be- (2906) The requirements for the transmission of position low in order of precedence– reports, imposed by the United States, vary depending (2896) (1) Narrow band direct printing (SITOR), on the relationship of the United States to a ship identi- (2897) (2) HF voice communication, or fied in §169.205. (2898) (3) MF or VHF voice communications. (2907) (a) Flag State relationship. A U.S. flag ship engaged (2899) (c) SITOR or HF reports made directly to the Coast on an international voyage must transmit position re- Guard’s Communications Area Master Station Atlantic ports wherever they are located. (CAMSLANT) in Chesapeake, VA, or MF or VHF reports (2908) (b) Port State relationship. A foreign flag ship en- made to Coast Guard activities or groups, should only gaged on an international voyage must transmit posi- be made by ships not equipped with INMARSAT C. tion reports after the ship has announced its intention Ships in this category must provide all the required in- to enter a U.S. port or place under requirements in 33 formation to the Coast Guard watchstander. CFR part 160, subpart C. (2909) (c) Coastal State relationship. A foreign flag ship §169.140 What information must be included in engaged on an international voyage must transmit po- the report? sition reports when the ship is within 1,000 nautical (2900) Each ship report made to the shore-based author- miles of the baseline of the United States, unless their ity must follow the standard reporting and format re- Flag Administration, under authority of SOLAS quirements listed in this section in table 169.140. V/19-1.9.1, has directed them not to do so. Current email addresses and telex numbers are pub- lished annually in the U.S. Coast Pilot. §169.215 How must a ship transmit position reports? (2910) A ship must transmit position reports using Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) equipment that has been type-approved by their Administration. To be type-approved by the Coast Guard, LRIT
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 147 Table 169.140–Requirements for ship reports Telegraphy Function Information required Name of system System identifier Ship reporting system WHALESNORTH or WHALESSOUTH M INMARSAT number Vessel INMARSAT number A Ship The name, call sign or ship station identity, IMO number, and flag of the vessel. B Date and time of event A 6-digit group giving day of month (first two digits), hours and minutes (last four digits). E True course A 3-digit group. F Speed in knots and tenths of knots A 3-digit group. H Date, time and point of entry into system Entry time expressed as in (B) and entry position expressed as– (1) A 4-digit group giving latitude in degrees and minutes suffixed with N (north) or S (south) and a 5-digit group giving longitude in degrees and minutes suffixed with E (east) or W (west); or (2) True bearing (first 3 digits) and distance (state distance) in nautical miles from a clearly identified landmark (state land- mark). I Destination and expected time of arrival Name of port and date time group expressed as in (B). L Route information Intended track. (3334) equipment must meet the requirements of IMO Reso- (2919) (1) Constructed before December 31, 2008, and lutions A.694(17), MSC.210(81), and MSC.254(83), and (2920) (2) Operates within the area or range specified in IEC standard IEC 60945 (Incorporated by reference, see §169.15). paragraph (b)(2) of this section as well as outside the range of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite with which §169.220 When must a ship be fitted with LRIT continuous alerting is available. While operating in the equipment? area or range specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this sec- (2911) A ship identified in §169.205 must be equipped tion, however, a ship must install LRIT equipment by with LRIT equipment- the first survey of the radio installation after December 31, (2912) (a) Before getting underway, if the ship is con- 2008. structed on or after December 31, 2008. (2913) (b) By the first survey of the radio installation after §169.225 Which Application Service Providers December 31, 2008, if the ship is- may a ship use? (2914) (1) Constructed before December 31, 2008, and (2921) A ship may use an application Service Provider (2915) (2) Operates within- (ASP) recognized by its administration. Some Commu- (2916) (i) One hundred (100) nautical miles of the United nication Service Providers may also serve as an ASP. States baseline, or (2917) (ii) Range of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite, or §169.230 How often must a ship transmit position other Application Service Provider recognized by the reports? Administration, with continuous alerting is available. (2922) A ship's LRIT equipment must transmit position (2918) (c) By the first survey of the radio installation after reports at 6-hour intervals unless a more frequent in- July 1, 2009, if the ship is- terval is requested remotely by an LRIT Data Center.
148 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 §169.235 What exemptions are there from Ledge Light in Buzzards Bay approximately four (4) reporting? statute miles southwest of Wings Neck. (2923) A ship is exempt from this subpart if it is- (2934) (b) Supervision. (1) The movement of ships, boats (2924) (a) Fitted with an operating automatic identifica- and craft of every description through the canal and the tion system (AIS), under 33 CFR 164.46, and operates operation and maintenance of the waterway and all only within 20 nautical miles of the United States property of the United States pertaining thereto shall baseline, be under the supervision of the Division Engineer, U.S. (2925) (b) A warship, naval auxiliaries or other ship owned Army Engineer Division, New England, Corps of Engi- or operated by a SOLAS Contracting Government and neers, Waltham, Massachusetts, or the authorized rep- used only on Government non-commercial service, or resentative of the division engineer, the (2926) (c) A ship solely navigating the Great Lakes of Engineer-In-Charge of the Cape Cod Canal. The divi- North America and their connecting and tributary wa- sion engineer or the Engineer-In-Charge from time to ters as far east as the lower exit of the St. Lambert Lock time will prescribe rules governing the dimensions of at Montreal in the Province of Quebec, Canada. vessels which may transit the waterway, and other spe- cial conditions and requirements which will govern the §169.240 When may LRIT equipment be switched movement of vessels using the waterway. off? (2935) (2) The Engineer-In-Charge, through the marine (2927) A ship engaged on an international voyage may traffic controller on duty, will enforce these regula- switch off its LRIT equipment only when it is permitted tions and monitor traffic through the canal. The ma- by its Flag Administration, in circumstances detailed in rine traffic controller on duty is the individual SOLAS V/19-1.7, or in paragraph 4.4.1, of resolution responsible for interpretation of these regulations with MSC.210(81), as amended by resolution MSC.254(83) respect to vessels transiting the canal. Vessels transiting (Incorporated by reference, see §169.15). the canal must obey the orders of the marine traffic controller. §169.245 What must a ship master do if LRIT (2936) (3) The government has tugs stationed at the West equipment is switched off or fails to operate? Boat Basin for emergency use on an on-call basis. A pa- (2928) (a) If a ship’s LRIT equipment is switched off or fails trol vessel is manned and operational 24-hours a day. to operate, the ship’s master must inform his or her (2937) (c) Communications. There is a marine traffic con- Flag Administration without undue delay. troller on duty 24 hours a day, seven days a week, in the (2929) (b) The master must also make an entry in the traffic control center located at the Canal Administra- ship’s logbook that states- tive Office. The primary method of communications (2930) (1) His or her reason for switching the LRIT equip- between the canal and vessels transiting will be by ment off, or an entry that the equipment has failed to VHF-FM Marine radio. The traffic controller can also be operate, and contacted by telephone. (2931) (2) The period during which the LRIT equipment (2938) (1) For radio communications, call the traffic con- was switched off or non-operational. troller on channel 16 to establish contact. The trans- (2932) Note to §169.245: for U.S. vessels, the U.S. Coast missions will then be switched to channel 12 or 14 as Guard serves as the Flag Administration for purposes of the working channel to pass information. Channel 13 is this section. All LRIT notifications for the U.S. Flag ad- also available at the canal office; however, the use of ministration, in addition to requests or questions channel 13 should be limited to emergency situations about LRIT, should be communicated to the U.S. Coast or whenever vessels do not have one of the other chan- Guard by e-mail addressed to [email protected]. nels. All four channels are monitored continuously by the traffic controller. Radio discipline will be adhered Part 207–Navigation Regulations to in accordance with FCC rules and regulations. (2939) (2) For telephone communications with the traffic §207.20 Cape Cod Canal,Mass.; use,administration, controller, call (508) 759-4431. and navigation. (2940) (3) Vessels shall maintain a radio guard on Marine (2933) (a) Limit of canal. The canal, including ap- VHF-FM channel 13 during the entire passage through proaches, extends from the Canal Station Minus 100 in the canal. Cape Cod Bay, approximately one and six-tenths (1.6) (2941) (4) All radio communications in the vicinity of the statute miles seaward of the Canal Breakwater Light, canal are tape recorded for future reference. through dredged channels and land cuts to Cleveland (2942) (d) Vessels allowed passage. The canal is open for passage to all adequately powered vessels properly equipped and seaworthy, of sizes consistent with safe
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 149 navigation as governed by the controlling depths and (2947) (1) They must have sufficient horsepower to over- widths of the channel and the vertical and horizontal come tidal currents or they will be required to wait for clearances of the bridges over the waterway. The grant- favorable current conditions. ing of permission for any vessel to proceed through the waterway shall not relieve the owners, agents and oper- (2948) (2) Transits will be during daylight hours. ators of full responsibility for its safe passage. No vessel (2949) (3) No transit will be permitted when visibility con- having a greater draft forward than aft will be allowed to transit the canal. Craft of low power and wind driven ditions are unstable or less than 2 miles at the ap- are required to have and use auxiliary power during proaches and throughout the entire length of the passage throughout the canal as defined in paragraph canal. (a) of this section. Low powered vessels will be required (2950) (4) Transits must await a clear canal for passage. to await slack water or favorable current for canal tran- (2951) (g) Obtaining clearance. (1) Vessels under 65 feet in sit. length may enter the canal without obtaining clear- (2943) (e) Tows. (1) Tows shall be made-up outside the ca- ance. All craft are required to make a complete passage nal entrances. All vessels engaged in towing other ves- through the canal except excursion craft which may sels not equipped with a rudder shall use two lines or a operate and change direction within the canal in accor- bridle and one tow line. If the vessel in tow is equipped dance with procedures coordinated with the marine with a rudder or a ship shaped bow, one tow line may be traffic controller on duty. When the railroad bridge used. All tow lines of hawsers must be hauled as short span is in the closed (down) position, all vessels are di- as practicable for safe handling of the tows. No towboat rected not to proceed beyond the points designated by will be allowed to enter the waterway with more than the stop signs posted east and west of the railroad two barges in tow unless prior approval is granted by bridge. Vessels proceeding with a fair tide (with the the Engineer-In-Charge; requests must be submitted current) should turn and stem the current at the desig- 12 hours in advance of the passage. nated stop points until the railroad bridge is in the (2944) (2) The maximum length of pontoon rafts using raised (open) position. the canal will be limited to 600 feet, and the maximum (2952) (2) Vessels 65 feet in length and over shall not enter width to 100 feet. Pontoon rafts exceeding 200 feet in the canal until clearance has been obtained from the length will be required to have an additional tug on the marine traffic controller by radio. See paragraph (c) stern to insure that the tow is kept in line. The tugs “Communications” for procedures. If a vessel, granted used must have sufficient power to handle the raft prior clearance, is delayed or stops at the mooring bas- safely. ins, state pier, or the Sandwich bulkhead, a second (2945) (3) Dead ships are required to transit the canal dur- clearance must be obtained prior to continuing passage ing daylight hours and must be provided with the num- through the canal. ber of tugs sufficient to afford safe passage through the (2953) (3) Vessels will be given clearance in the order of canal. (A dead ship will not be allowed to enter the canal arrival, except when conditions warrant one-way traf- unless prior approval is granted by the Engi- fic, or for any reason an order of priority is necessary, neer-In-Charge; requests must be submitted 12 hours clearance will be granted in the following order. in advance of the passage). (2954) (i) First-To vessels owned or operated by the United (2946) (f) Dangerous Cargoes. The master or pilot of any States, including contractors’ equipment employed on vessel or tow carrying dangerous cargoes must notify canal maintenance or improvement work. the Marine Traffic Controller prior to entering the ca- (2955) (ii) Second-To passenger vessels. nal. Dangerous cargoes are defined as those items (2956) (iii) Third-To tankers and barges docking and listed in 33 CFR 126.10 when carried in bulk (i.e., quan- undocking at the Canal Electric Terminal. tities exceeding 110 U.S. gallons in one tank) plus Class (2957) (iv) Fourth-To merchant vessels, towboats, com- A explosives (commercial or military) as listed in 49 mercial fishing vessels, pleasure boats and miscella- CFR 173.53 (commercial) and 46 CFR 146.29–100 neous craft. (military), liquified natural gas and liquified petroleum (2958) (4) Procedures in adverse weather-Vessels carrying gas. Transportation of dangerous cargoes through the flammable or combustible cargoes as defined in 46 CFR canal shall be in strict accordance with existing regula- 30.25 will be restricted from passage through the canal tions prescribed by law. In addition, vessels carrying when visibility is less than ½ mile. Other vessels may dangerous cargoes shall comply with the following re- transit the canal in thick weather by use of radar with quirements. the understanding that the United States Government will assume no responsibility: And provided, That clearance has been obtained from the marine traffic controller.
150 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (2959) (h) Traffic lights. There are three sets of traffic (2964) (2) When the lift span is in the down (closed) posi- lights showing red, green, and yellow that are operated tion in foggy weather or when visibility is obscured by on a continuous basis at the canal. The traffic lights ap- vapor, there will be four short blasts sounded from the ply to all vessels 65 feet in length and over. The traffic bridge every two minutes. lights are a secondary system that is operated in sup- port of the radio communications system. The traffic (2965) (j) Speed. All vessels are directed to pass mooring lights are located at the easterly canal entrance, Sand- and boat basin facilities, the state pier, and all floating wich, and at the westerly entrance to Hog Island Chan- plant engaged in maintenance operations of the water- nel at Wings Neck. A third traffic light is located at the way at a minimum speed consistent with safe naviga- Canal Electric Terminal basin on the south side of the tion. In order to coordinate scheduled rail traffic with canal in Sandwich, and applies only to vessels arriving the passage of vessels, to minimize erosion of the canal and departing that terminal. banks and dikes from excessive wave wash and suction, and for the safety of vessels using the canal, the follow- (2960) (1) Westbound traffic-When the green light is on at ing speed regulations must be observed by vessels of all the eastern (Cape Cod Bay) entrance, vessels may pro- types, including pleasure craft. The minimum running ceed westward through the canal. When the red light is time for the land cut between the East Mooring Basin on, any type of vessel 65 feet in length and over must (Station 35) and the Administration Office in Buzzards stop clear of the Cape Cod Bay entrance channel. When Bay (Station 388) is prescribed as follows: the yellow light is on, vessels 65 feet in length and over and drawing less than 25 feet may proceed as far as the (2966) Head Tide–60 Minutes East Mooring Basin where they must stop. Prior to con- (2967) Fair Tide–30 Minutes tinuing passage through the canal, clearance must be (2968) Slack Tide–45 Minutes obtained from the marine traffic controller. (2969) The minimum running time between the Adminis- (2961) (2) Eastbound traffic-When the green light is on at tration Office (Station 388) and Hog Island Channel Wings Neck, vessels may proceed eastward through the westerly entrance Buoy No. 1 (Station 661) is pre- canal. When the red light is on, vessels 65 feet and over scribed as follows: in length and drawing less than 25 feet must keep (2970) Head Tide–46 Minutes southerly of Hog Island Channel Entrance Buoys Nos. (2971) Fair Tide–23 Minutes 1 and 2 and utilize the general anchorage areas adja- (2972) Slack Tide–35 Minutes cent to the improved channel. Vessel traffic drawing 25 (2973) The running time at slack water will apply to any feet and over are directed not to enter the canal chan- vessel which enters that portion of the canal between nel at the Cleveland Ledge Light entrance and shall lay stations 35 and 661, within the period of one-half hour to or anchor in the vicinity of Buzzards Bay Buoy No. before or after the predicted time of slack water as 11 (FLW & Bell) until clearance is granted by the canal given in the National Ocean Service publication “Cur- marine traffic controller or a green traffic light at rent Tables, Atlantic Coast, North America.” The mini- Wings Neck is displayed. When the yellow light is on, mum running time during a head tide or a fair tide vessels may proceed through Hog Island Channel as far shall apply to any vessel which enters that portion of as the West Mooring Basin where they must stop. Prior the canal between Station 35 and 661 at any time other to continuing passage through the canal, clearance than designated above for time requirements at slack must be obtained from the marine traffic controller. tide. Vessels of any kind unable to make a through tran- sit of the land cut portion of the canal against a head (2962) (i) Railroad Bridge Signals. The following signals at current of 6.0 knots within a maximum time limit of 2 the Buzzards Bay Railroad Bridge will be given strict hours 30 minutes shall be required to obtain the assis- attention. tance of a helper tug at the vessel owner’s expense or await favorable tide conditions prior to receiving clear- (2963) (1) The vertical lift span on the railroad bridge is ance from the marine traffic controller. In the event normally kept in the raised (open) position except vessels within the confines of the canal fail to perform when it is lowered for the passage of trains, or for main- and are unable to make sufficient headway against the tenance purposes. Immediately preceding the lowering currents, the marine traffic controller may activate a of the span, the operator will sound two long blasts of helper tug in accordance with paragraph (k) of this sec- an air horn. Immediately preceding the raising of the tion. span, the operator will sound one long blast of an air (2974) (k) Management of vessels. (1) Vessels within the horn. When a vessel or craft of any type is approaching limits of the canal shall comply with applicable naviga- the bridge with the span in the down (closed) position tion rules. and the span cannot be raised immediately, the opera- (2975) (2) Vessels within the limits of the canal shall com- tor of the bridge will so indicate by sounding danger ply with the applicable requirements for the use of signals of four short blasts in quick succession.
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 151 pilots established by the Coast Guard, including but (2985) (8) Utilization of mooring and boat basins and the not limited to those contained in 46 CFR 157.20–40. Sandwich Bulkhead-Vessels mooring or anchoring in Vessels will not be granted clearance to enter the canal the mooring or boat basins at the Sandwich bulkhead until the marine traffic controller has been notified of must do so in a manner not to obstruct or impede ves- the name of the pilot who will be handling the vessel. sel movements to and from facilities. These facilities (2976) (3) The master of a vessel will be responsible for no- are of limited capacity and permission to occupy them tifying the marine traffic controller as soon as an emer- for periods exceeding 24 hours must be obtained in ad- gency situation appears to be developing. When in the vance from the marine traffic controller. Mooring in opinion of the marine traffic controller an emergency the West Boat Basin at Buzzards Bay, near the railroad exists, he/she can require the master to accept the as- bridge, is not permitted except in an emergency. sistance of a helper vessel. Whether or not assistance is Fishing boats, yachts, cabin cruisers and other craft provided by a government vessel or by a private firm utilizing the East Boat Basin on the south side of the under contract to the government, the government re- canal at Sandwich, Massachusetts are not permitted to serves the right to seek compensation from the vessel tie up at the Corps of Engineers landing float or anchor owners for all costs incurred. in a manner to prevent canal floating plant from having (2977) (4) Right of Way-All vessels proceeding with the ready access to the float. All vessels or barges left unat- current shall have the right of way over those proceed- tended must be securely tied with adequate lines or ca- ing against the current. All craft up to 65 feet in length bles. The United States assumes no liability for shall be operated so as not to interfere with the naviga- damages which may be sustained by any craft using the tion of vessels of greater length. bulkhead at Sandwich or the canal mooring or boat ba- (2978) (5) Passing of vessels-The passing of one vessel by sin facilities. Vessels shall not be left unattended along another when proceeding in the same direction is pro- the face of the government bulkhead. A responsible hibited except when a leading low powered ship is un- person with authority to authorize and/or accomplish able to make sufficient headway. However, extreme vessel movement must remain onboard at all times. caution must be observed to avoid collision, and con- sideration must be given to the size of the ship to be (2986) (1) Grounded, wrecked or damaged vessels. In the overtaken, velocity of current and wind, and atmo- event a vessel is grounded, or so damaged by accident spheric conditions. Masters of vessels involved shall in- as to render it likely to become an obstruction and/or form the marine traffic controller on duty of hazard to navigation in the waterway, the division engi- developing situations to facilitate coordination of ves- neer or the division engineer’s authorized representa- sel movement. Meeting or passing of vessels at the east- tive shall supervise and direct all operations that may erly end of the canal between Station Minus 40 and be necessary to remove the vessel to a safe locality. Station 60 will not be permitted, except in cases of ex- treme emergency, in order to allow vessels to utilize (2987) (m) [Reserved] the center line range to minimize the effects of hazard- (2988) (n) Deposit of refuse. No oil or other allied liquids, ous eddies and currents. Due to bank suction and tidal set, meeting and passing of vessels at the following lo- ashes, or materials of any kind shall be thrown, cation will be avoided: pumped or swept into the canal or its approaches from (2979) (i) Sagamore Bridge. any vessel or craft using the waterway, nor shall any re- (2980) (ii) Bourne Bridge. fuse be deposited on canal grounds, marine structures, (2981) (iii) Railroad Bridge. or facilities. (2982) (iv) Mass. Maritime Academy. (2989) (o) Trespass to property. Subject to the provisions (2983) (6) Unnecessary delay in canal-Vessels and other of paragraph (q) of this section trespass upon the canal type crafts must not obstruct navigation by unneces- property is prohibited. sarily idling at low speed when entering or passing (2990) (p) Bridges over the canal. The government owns, through the canal. operates and maintains all bridges across the canal (2984) (7) Stopping in the waterway-Anchoring in the which include one railroad bridge and two highway Cape Cod Canal Channel is prohibited except in emer- bridges. The division engineer or his/her authorized gencies. For the safety of canal operations it is manda- representative may establish rules and regulations gov- tory that the masters of all vessels anchoring in or erning the use of these bridges. adjacent to the canal channel (Cape Cod Bay to Cleve- (2991) (q) Recreational use of canal.–(1) Policy. (i) It is the land Ledge Light) for any reason, immediately notify policy of the Secretary of the Army acting through the the marine traffic controller. Chief of Engineers to provide the public with safe and healthful recreational opportunities within all water resource development projects administered by the Chief of Engineers, including the canal and
152 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 government lands part thereof. Any recreational use of six feet or otherwise under physical restrictive controls the canal and those lands shall be at the users own risk. at all times. (2992) (ii) All water resource development projects open (3001) (9) Restrictions. (i) The division engineer may es- for recreational use shall be available to the public tablish a reasonable schedule of visiting hours for all or without regard to sex, race, creed, color or national ori- portions of the project area and close or restrict the gin. No lessee, licensee, or concessionaire providing a public use of all or any portion of the project by the service to the public shall discriminate against any per- posting of appropriate signs indicating the extent and son or persons because of sex, race, creed, color or na- scope of closure. All persons shall observe such posted tional origin in the conduct of operations under the restrictions. lease, license or concession contract. (3002) (ii) The operation or use of any audio or other noise (2993) (2) Motor vehicles. Operation of motor vehicles, producing device including, but not limited to, com- motorcycles, minibikes, mopeds, motorbikes, snow- munications media and vehicles in such a manner as to mobiles, and all types of off-road vehicles is prohibited unreasonably annoy, endanger persons or affect vessel on government lands and service roads except in areas traffic through the canal is prohibited. specifically designated for such operation. (3003) (10) Explosives, firearms, other weapons and fire- (2994) (3) Swimming. Swimming, skin diving, snorkel- works. (i) The possession of loaded firearms, ammuni- ing, and scuba diving in the canal between the east en- tion, projectile firing devices, bows and arrows, trance in Cape Cod Bay and the west entrance at crossbows, and explosives of any kind is prohibited un- Cleveland Ledge Light are prohibited. Diving opera- less in the possession of a law enforcement officer or tions may be authorized by the Engineer-In-Charge in Government employee on official duty or used for conjunction with operation and maintenance of the ca- hunting during the hunting season as permitted under nal. paragraph (q)(6) of this section, or unless written per- (2995) (4) Camping. Overnight tenting or camping on mission has been received from the division engineer. government land is prohibited except in areas desig- (3004) (ii) The possession or use of fireworks is prohibited nated by the division engineer. Bourne Scenic Park and unless written permission has been received from the Scusset Beach State Reservation are designated camp- division engineer. ing areas. Persons asleep during hours of darkness in (3005) (11) Public property. Destruction, injury, deface- or out of vehicles shall be considered as campers. ment or removal of public property including natural (2996) (5) Fishing. Persons may fish with rod and line formations, historical and archeological features and from the banks of the canal on Federally owned prop- vegetative growth is prohibited without written per- erty except areas designated by the division engineer. mission of the division engineer. Fishing and lobstering by boat in the Cape Cod Canal (3006) (12) Abandonment of personal property. (i) Aban- between the east entrance in Cape Cod Bay and the west donment of personal property is prohibited. Personal entrance at Cleveland Ledge Light are prohibited. Fish- property shall not be left unattended upon the lands or ing by boat is permitted in the area west of the State waters of the project except in accordance with this Pier in Buzzards Bay, provided that all craft stay out of regulation. After a period of 24 hours, abandoned or the channel defined by United States Coast Guard unattended personal property shall be impounded and buoys and beacons. Fish and game laws of the United stored at a storage point designated by the division en- States and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts will be gineer. The division engineer shall assess a reasonable enforced. impoundment fee, which shall be paid before the im- (2997) (6) Hunting. Hunting is permitted in accordance pounded property is returned to its owners. with game laws of the United States and the Common- (3007) (ii) The division engineer shall, by public or private wealth of Massachusetts. sales or otherwise, dispose of all lost, abandoned, or un- (2998) (7) Fires. No open fires will be allowed at any time claimed personal property that comes into his/her cus- except by special permission and then shall be continu- tody or control. However, efforts should be made to find ously overseen and in compliance with state or town the owner, the owner’s heirs or next of kin, or legal rep- laws. resentatives. If the owner, heirs or next of kin, or legal (2999) (8) Control of animals and pets. (i) No person shall representative is determined but not found, the prop- bring or have horses in camping, picnic, swimming erty may not be disposed of until the expiration of 120 beaches or developed recreation areas. days after the date when notice, giving the time and (3000) (ii) No person shall bring dogs (except seeing eye place of the intended sale or other disposition, has been dogs), cats, or other pets into developed recreation ar- sent by certified or registered mail to that person at last eas unless penned, caged, or on a leash no longer than known address. When diligent effort to determine the owner, owner’s heirs or next of kin, or legal
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 153 representative is unsuccessful, the property may be dis- (3015) (b) Signals. Steamboats or tows desiring lockage in posed of without delay, except that if it has a fair market either direction shall give notice to the lock tenders, value of $25 or more the property generally may not be when not more than three-fourths mile from the lock, disposed of until three months after the date it is re- by one long blast of (10 seconds’ duration), followed by ceived at the Cape Cod Canal Administrative Office. The one short blast (of three seconds’ duration), on a whis- net proceeds from the sale of property shall be placed tle or horn. When the lock is ready for entrance a green into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous light will be shown from the river wall. An amber light receipts. will indicate that the lock is being made ready for en- (3008) (13) Lost and found articles. All abandoned/lost ar- trance. A red light will indicate that the approaching ticles shall be deposited by the finder at the Canal Ad- vessel must wait. Whenever local conditions make it ministration office or with Canal ranger. The finder advisable the visual signals will be supplemented by shall leave his/her name, address, and phone number. sound signals as follows: All lost articles shall be disposed of in accordance with procedures set forth in paragraph (q)(12) of this sec- (3016) (1) One long blast of a horn to indicate that the ves- tion. sel must wait. (3009) (14) Advertisement. Advertising by the use of bill- boards, signs, markers, audio devices or any other (3017) (2) One short blast of a horn to indicate that the means whatever is prohibited unless written permis- lock is being made ready for entrance. sion has been received from the division engineer. (3010) (15) Commercial activities. The engaging in or so- (3018) (3) Two short blasts of a horn to indicate permis- licitation of business without the written permission of sion to enter the lock. the division engineer is prohibited. (3011) (16) Unauthorized structures. The construction or (3019) (4) Four short and rapid blasts to attract attention, placing of any structure of any kind under, upon or over indicate caution, and signal danger. the project lands or waters is prohibited unless a per- mit has been issued by the division engineer. Struc- (3020) (c) Draft of boats. Deep-draft boats must clear the tures not under permit are subject to summary miter sills by at least 3 inches. Boats drawing too much removal by the division engineer. water will not be allowed to lighter cargo in the en- (3012) (17) Special events. Prior approval must be ob- trances. tained from the Engineer-In-Charge for special events, recreational programs and group activities. The public (3021) (d) Precedence at the lock. The vessel arriving first shall not be charged any fee by the sponsor of such at the lock shall be first to lock through; but precedence event unless the division engineer has approved in shall be given to vessels belonging to the United States writing the proposed schedule of fees. and to commercial vessels in the order named. Arrival (3013) (18) Interference with government employees. In- posts or markers may be established ashore above or terference with any government employee in the con- below the lock. Vessels arriving at or opposite such duct of official duties pertaining to the administration posts or markers will be considered as having arrived at of these regulations is prohibited. the lock within the meaning of this paragraph. If the traffic is crowded in both directions; up and down §207.50 Hudson River Lock at Troy,N.Y.; navigation. lockages will usually be made alternately, but the lock (3014) (a) Authority of lockmaster. The lockmaster shall tender may permit two or more lockages to be made at one time in the same direction when this will not cause be charged with the immediate control and manage- unreasonable delay. In case two or more boats or tows ment of the lock, and of the area set aside as the lock are to enter for the same lockage, they shall enter as di- area, including the lock approach channels. He shall rected by the lock tender. No boat shall run ahead of an- see that all laws, rules and regulations for the use of the other while in the lock. The boat that enters first shall lock and lock area are duly complied with, to which end leave first. he is authorized to give all necessary orders and direc- tions in accordance therewith, both to employees of the (3022) (e) Lockage of pleasure boats. The lockage of plea- Government and to any and every person within the sure boats, house boats or like craft shall be expedited limits of the lock or lock area, whether navigating the by locking them through with commercial craft (other lock or not. No one shall cause any movement of any ves- than barges carrying gasoline or highly hazardous ma- sel, boat, or other floating thing in the lock or ap- terials) in order to utilize the capacity of the lock to its proaches except by or under the direction of the maximum. Lockage of pleasure craft may be made with lockmaster or his assistants. commercial craft carrying petroleum products other than gasoline provided a clear distance of at least 100 feet between such vessels can be maintained in the lock. If, after the arrival of such craft, no separate or combined lockage can be accomplished within a rea- sonable time, not to exceed the time required for three other lockages, then separate lockage shall be made.
154 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (3023) (f) Stations while waiting. Boats waiting their turn §207.60 Federal Dam, Hudson River, Troy, N.Y.; to enter the lock must lie at a sufficient distance from pool level. the lock and in such a position as to leave sufficient (3034) (a) Whenever the elevation of the pool created by room for the passage of boats leaving the lock. the Federal dam at Troy, N.Y., shall fall to a point level with the crest of the main spillway, the elevation of (3024) (g) Unnecessary delay. (1) Boats must not cause which is 14.33 feet mean sea level, the operation of the delay in entering or leaving the lock. Masters and pilots power plant shall cease and further operation thereof will be held to a strict accountability in this matter, and shall be suspended until such time as the water level those with tows must provide enough men to move rises to or above 14.43 feet mean sea level. barges promptly. Boats failing to enter the lock with (3035) (b) Flashboards may be maintained on the section reasonable promptness after being signaled will lose of the spillway of the dam having an elevation of 14.33 their turn. feet mean sea level in order to increase the elevation of this section to an elevation equal to that of the auxiliary (3025) (2) Tugboats arriving with their tows in a condition spillway, or 16.33 feet mean sea level: Provided, That which will delay locking shall lose their turn if so or- the flashboards are so erected as to drop automatically dered by the lock tender. Leaking boats may be ex- when the pool level rises to an elevation of 18.5 feet cluded until put in shape to be passed through safely. mean sea level, and conform in other respects to the plans attached thereto. (3026) (h) Mooring. Boats in the lock or waiting in the en- (3036) (c) The tide staff to be used in determining the ele- trance shall be moored where directed by the lock ten- vation of the pool shall be the ceramic tide staff now lo- der, by bow, stern, and spring lines, to the snubbing cated on the westerly face of the east lock wall north of posts or line hooks. Tying boats to the lock ladders is the northerly gates, the zero of which is set 2 feet below strictly prohibited. mean sea level. (3037) (d) The regulations of the pool level and the main- (3027) (i) Protection of lock gates. Boats will not be per- tenance of flashboards shall be subject to the supervi- mitted to enter or leave the lock until the lock gates are sion and approval of the District Engineer, New York at rest in the gate recesses and the lock tender has di- City. rected the boat to start. §207.800 Collection of navigation statistics. (3028) (j) Damage to walls, etc. All craft passing through (3038) (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this regulation the lock must be free from projections or sharp corners which might scar the walls or injure other parts. the following terms are defined: Steamboats must be provided with suitable fenders, (3039) (1) Navigable waters of the United States means etc. One man shall be kept at the head of every tow till it has cleared the lock and guide walls, and shall use the those waters of the United States that are subject to the fender to prevent scarring the walls. ebb and flow of the tide shoreward to the mean high water mark, and/or are presently used, or have been (3029) (k) Handling machinery. None but employees of used in the past, or may be susceptible to use to trans- the United States will be allowed to move any valve, port interstate or foreign commerce. (See 33 CFR part gate, or other machinery belonging to the lock. 329 for a more complete definition of this term.) (3040) (2) Offenses and Violations mean: (3030) (l) Refuse in lock. Throwing ashes, refuse, or other (3041) (i) Failure to submit a required report. obstruction in the entrances or in the lock, or on the (3042) (ii) Failure to provide a timely, accurate, and com- walls thereof, and passing coal from flats or barges to a plete report. steamboat while in the lock is prohibited. (3043) (iii) Failure to submit monthly listings of idle ves- sels or vessels in transit. (3031) (m) [Reserved] (3044) (iv) Failure to submit a report required by the (3032) (n) Trespass on United States property. Trespass on lockmaster or canal operator. (3045) (3) Leased or chartered vessel means a vessel that United States property, or willful injury to the banks, is leased or chartered when the owner relinquishes masonry, fences, trees, houses, machinery, or other control of the vessel through a contractual agreement property of the United States at or near the lock is with a second party for a specified period of time and/or strictly prohibited. for a specified remuneration from the lessee. Commer- (3033) (o) Penalties. In addition to the penalties pre- cial movements on an affreightment basis are not con- scribed by law, boats which fail to comply with the reg- sidered a lease or charter of a particular vessel. ulations in this section will thereafter be refused lockage until assurances have been received, satisfac- tory to the District Engineer, Corps of Engineers, New York, New York, that the regulations will be complied with.
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 155 (3046) (4) Person or entity means an individual, corpora- (3056) (1) Filing Requirements. Except as provided in tion, partnership, or company. paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the person or entity re- ceiving remuneration for the movement of vessels or (3047) (5) Timely means vessel and commodity movement for the transportation of goods or passengers on the data must be received by the Waterborne Commerce navigable waters is responsible for assuring that the ac- Statistics Center within 30 days after the close of the tivity report of commercial vessels is timely filed. month in which the vessel movement or nonmove- ment takes place. (3057) (i) For vessels under lease/charter agreements, the lessee or charterer of any commercial vessel engaged in (3048) (6) Commercial vessel means a vessel used in commercial transportation will be responsible for the transporting by water, either merchandise or passen- filing of said reports until the lease/charter expires. gers for compensation or hire, or in the course of busi- ness of the owner, lessee, or operator of the vessel. (3058) (ii) The vessel owner, or his designated agent, is al- ways the responsible party for ensuring that all com- (3049) (7) Reporting situation means a vessel movement mercial activity of the vessel is timely reported. by an operator that is required to be reported. Typical examples are listed in the instructions on the various (3059) (2) The following Vessel Information Reports are to ENG Forms. Five typical movements that are required be filed with the Army Corps of Engineers, at the ad- to be reported by vessel operating companies include dress specified on the ENG Form, and are to include: the following examples: Company A is the barge owner, and the barge transports corn from Minneapolis, MN to (3060) (i) Monthly Reports. These reports shall be made New Orleans, LA, with fleeting at Cairo, IL. on ENG Forms furnished upon written request of the vessel operating companies to the Army Corps of Engi- (3050) (i) Lease/Charter: If Company A leases or charters neers. The forms are available at the following address: the barge to Company B, then Company B is responsi- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce ble for reporting the movements of the barge until the Statistics Center, Post Office Box 61280, New Orleans, lease/charter expires. LA 70161-1280. (3051) (ii) Interline Movement: A barge is towed from (3061) (A) All movements of domestic waterborne com- Minneapolis to Cairo by Company A, and from Cairo to mercial vessels shall be reported, including but not New Orleans by Company B. Since Company A is the limited to: Dry cargo ship and tanker moves, loaded and barge owner, and the barge is not leased. Company A re- empty barge moves, towboat moves, with or without ports the entire movement of the barge with an origin barges in tow, fishing vessels, movements of crew boats of Minneapolis and a destination of New Orleans. and supply boats to offshore locations, tugboat moves and movements of newly constructed vessels from the (3052) (iii) Vessel Swap/Trade: Company A swaps barge shipyard to the point of delivery. with Company B to allow Company B to meet a delivery commitment to New Orleans. Since Company A has (3062) (B) Vessels idle during the month must also be re- not leased/chartered the barge, Company A is responsi- ported. ble for filing the report. Company B is responsible for filing the report on the barge which is traded to Com- (3063) (C) Notwithstanding the above requirements, the pany A. The swap or trade will not affect the primary following waterborne vessel movements need not be responsibility for reporting the individual vessel move- reported: ments. (3064) (1) Movements of recreational vessels. (3053) (iv) Re-Consignment: Barge is reconsigned to Mo- (3065) (2) Movements of fire, police, and patrol vessels. bile, AL. Company A reports the movements as origi- (3066) (3) Movements of vessels exclusively engaged in nating in Minneapolis and terminating in Mobile. The point from which barge is reconsigned is not reported, construction (e.g., piledrivers and crane barges). Note: only points of loading and unloading. however, that movements of supplies, materials, and crews to or from the construction site must be timely (3054) (v) Fleeting: Barge is deposited at a New Orleans reported. fleeting area by Company A and towed by Company B (3067) (4) Movements of dredges to or from the dredging from fleeting area to New Orleans area dock for unload- site. However, vessel movements of dredged material ing. Company A, as barge owner, reports entire move- from the dredging site to the disposal site must be re- ments from Minneapolis to the dock in New Orleans. ported. Company B does not report any barge movement. (3068) (5) Specific movements granted exemption in writ- ing by the Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center. (3055) (b) Implementation of the waterborne commerce (3069) (D) ENG Forms 3925 and 3925b shall be completed statistics provisions of the River and Harbor Act of and filed by vessel operating companies each month for 1922, as amended by the Water Resources Develop- all voyages or vessel movements completed during the ment Act of 1986 (Pub. L. 99-662), mandates the fol- month. Vessels that did not complete a move during lowing. the month shall be reported as idle or in transit.
156 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (3070) (E) The vessel operating company may request a regulation may also be assessed a civil penalty of up to waiver from the Army Corps of Engineers, and upon $2,500 per violation under 33 U.S.C. 555, as amended. written approval by the Waterborne Commerce Center, (3081) (3) Denial of Passage. In addition to these fines, the company may be allowed to provide the requisite penalties, and imprisonments, the lockmaster or canal information of the above paragraph (D), on computer operator can refuse to allow vessel passage. printouts, magnetic tape, diskettes, or alternate me- (3082) (d) Enforcement Policy. Every means at the dis- dium approved by the Center. posal of the Army Corps of Engineers will be utilized to monitor and enforce these regulations. (3071) (F) Harbor Maintenance Tax information is re- (3083) (1) To identify vessel operating companies that quired on ENG Form 3925 for cargo movements into or should be reporting waterborne commerce data, The out of ports that are subject to the provisions of section Corps will make use of, but is not limited to, the follow- 1402 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 ing sources. (Pub. L. 99-662). (3084) (i) Data on purchase and sale of vessels. (3085) (ii) U.S. Coast Guard vessel documentation and re- (3072) (1) The name of the shipper of the commodity, and ports. the shipper’s Internal Revenue Service number or So- (3086) (iii) Data collected at Locks, Canals, and other facil- cial Security number, must be reported on the form. ities operated by the Corps. (3087) (iv) Data provided by terminals on ENG Form 3926. (3073) (2) If a specific exemption applies to the shipper, (3088) (v) Data provided by the other Federal agencies in- the shipper should list the appropriate exemption code. cluding the Internal Revenue Service, Customs Ser- The specific exemption codes are listed in the direc- vice, Maritime Administration, Department of tions for ENG Form 3925. Transportation, and Department of Commerce. (3089) (vi) Data provided by ports, local facilities, and (3074) (3) Refer to 19 CFR part 24 for detailed information State or local governments. on exemptions and ports subject to the Harbor Mainte- (3090) (vii) Data from trade journals and publications. nance Tax. (3091) (viii) Site visits and inspections. (3092) (2) Notice of Violation. Once a reporting violation (3075) (ii) Annual Reports. Annually an inventory of ves- is determined to have occurred, the Chief of the sels available for commercial carriage of domestic Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center will notify the commerce and vessel characteristics must be filed on responsible party and allow 30 days for the reports to be ENG Forms 3931 and 3932. filed after the fact. If the reports are not filed within this 30-day notice period, then appropriate civil or criminal (3076) (iii) Transaction Reports. The sale, charter, or lease actions will be undertaken by the Army Corps of Engi- of vessels to other companies must also be reported to neers, including the proposal of civil or criminal penal- assure that proper decisions are made regarding each ties for noncompliance. Typical cases for criminal or company’s duty for reporting vessel movements during civil action include, but are not limited to, those viola- the year. In the absence of notification of the transac- tions which are willful, repeated, or have a substantial tion, the former company of record remains responsi- impact in the opinion of the Chief of the Waterborne ble until proper notice is received by the Corps. Commerce Statistics Center. (3093) (3) Administrative Assessment of Civil Penalties. (3077) (iv) Reports to Lockmasters and Canal Operators. Civil penalties may be assessed in the following man- Masters of self-propelled non-recreational vessels ner. which pass through locks and canals operated by the (3094) (i) Authorization. If the Chief of the Waterborne Army Corps of Engineers will provide the data specified Commerce Statistics Center finds that a person or en- on ENG Forms 3102b, 3102c, and/or 3102d to the tity has failed to comply with any of the provisions lockmaster, canal operator, or his designated represen- specified herein, he is authorized to assess a civil pen- tative in the manner and detail dictated. alty in accordance with the Class I penalty provisions of 33 CFR part 326. Provided, however, that the proce- (3078) (c) Penalties for Noncompliance. The following dures in 33 CFR part 326 specifically implementing the penalties for noncompliance can be assessed for of- Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(4)), public notice, fenses and violations. comment period, and state coordination, shall not ap- ply. (3079) (1) Criminal Penalties. Every person or persons vi- (3095) (ii) Initiation. The Chief of the Waterborne Com- olating the provisions of this regulation shall, for each merce Statistics Center will prepare and process a and every offense, be liable to a fine of not more than $5,000, or imprisonment not exceeding two months, to be enforced in any district court in the United States within whose territorial jurisdiction such offense may have been committed. (3080) (2) Civil Penalties. In addition, any person or entity that fails to provide timely, accurate, and complete statements or reports required to be submitted by this
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 157 proposed civil penalty order which shall state the shall provide for public access to the area to the maxi- amount of the penalty to be assessed, describe by rea- mum extent practicable. sonable specificity the nature of the violation, and indi- (3105) (b) Food fishing industry. The authority to pre- cate the applicable provisions of 33 CFR part 326. scribe danger zone and restricted area regulations (3096) (iii) Hearing Requests. Recipients of a proposed must be exercised so as not to unreasonably interfere civil penalty order may file a written request for a hear- with or restrict the food fishing industry. Whenever the ing or other proceeding. This request shall be as speci- proposed establishment of a danger zone or restricted fied in 33 CFR part 326 and shall be addressed to the area may affect fishing operations, the District Engi- Director of the Water Resources Support Center, Casey neer will consult with the Regional Director, U.S. Fish Building, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5586, who will pro- and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior and vide the requesting person or entity with a reasonable the Regional Director, National Marine Fisheries Ser- opportunity to present evidence regarding the issu- vice, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration ance, modification, or revocation of the proposed order. (NOAA). Thereafter, the Director of the Water Resources Center (3106) (c) Temporary, occasional or intermittent use. If shall issue a final order. the use of the water area is desired for a short period of (3097) (4) Additional Remedies. Appropriate cases may time, not to exceed thirty days in duration, and that also be referred to the local U.S. Attorney for prosecu- planned operations can be conducted safely without tion, penalty collection, injunctive, and other relief by imposing unreasonable restrictions on navigation, and the Chief of the Waterborne Commerce Statistics Cen- without promulgating restricted area regulations in ter. accordance with the regulations in this section, appli- cants may be informed that formal regulations are not Part 334–Danger Zones and Restricted Area required. Activities of this type shall not reoccur more Regulations often than biennially (every other year), unless danger zone/restricted area rules are promulgated under this §334.1 Purpose. Part. Proper notices for mariners requesting that ves- (3098) The purpose of this part is to: sels avoid the area will be issued by the Agency request- (3099) (a) Prescribe procedures for establishing, amend- ing such use of the water area, or if appropriate, by the District Engineer, to all known interested persons. ing and disestablishing danger zones and restricted Copies will also be sent to appropriate State agencies, areas; the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC (3100) (b) List the specific danger zones and restricted ar- 20590, and Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence eas and their boundaries; and Agency, Hydrographic Center, Washington, DC 20390, (3101) (c) Prescribe specific requirements, access limita- ATTN: Code NS 12. Notification to all parties and Agen- tions and controlled activities within the danger zones cies shall be made at least two weeks prior to the and restricted areas. planned event, or earlier, if required for distribution of Local Notice to Mariners by the Coast Guard. §334.2 Definitions. (3102) (a) Danger zone. A defined water area (or areas) §334.4 Establishment and amendment procedures. (3107) (a) Application. Any request for the establishment, used for target practice, bombing, rocket firing or other especially hazardous operations, normally for the amendment or revocation of a danger zone or re- armed forces. The danger zones may be closed to the stricted area must contain sufficient information for public on a full-time or intermittent basis, as stated in the District Engineer to issue a public notice, and as a the regulations. minimum must contain the following: (3103) (b) Restricted area. A defined water area for the (3108) (1) Name, address and telephone number of re- purpose of prohibiting or limiting public access to the questor including the identity of the command and area. Restricted areas generally provide security for DoD facility and the identity of a point of contact with Government property and/or protection to the public phone number. from the risks of damage or injury arising from the (3109) (2) Name of waterway and if a small tributary, the Government’s use of that area. name of a larger connecting waterbody. (3110) (3) Name of closest city or town, county/parish and §334.3 Special policies. state. (3104) (a) General. The general regulatory policies stated (3111) (4) Location of proposed or existing danger zone or restricted area with a map showing the location, if pos- in 33 CFR part 320 will be followed as appropriate. In sible. addition, danger zone and restricted area regulations
158 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (3112) (5) A brief statement of the need for the area, its in- (3131) (c) Public hearing. The District Engineer may con- tended use and detailed description of the times, dates duct a public hearing in accordance with 33 CFR part and extent of restriction. 327. (3113) (b) Public notice. (1) The Corps will normally pub- (3132) (d) Environmental documentation. The District lish public notices and Federal Register documents Engineer shall prepare environmental documentation concurrently. Upon receipt of a request for the estab- in accordance with appendix B to 33 CFR part 325. lishment, amendment or revocation of a danger zone or restricted area, the District Engineer should forward (3133) (e) District Engineer’s recommendation. After clo- a copy of the request with his/her recommendation, a sure of the comment period, and upon completion of copy of the draft public notice and a draft Federal Reg- the District Engineer’s review he/she shall forward the ister document to the Office of the Chief of Engineers, case through channels to the Office of the Chief of En- ATTN: CECW-OR. The Chief of Engineers will publish gineers, ATTN: CECW-OR with a recommendation of the proposal in the Federal Register concurrent with whether or not the danger zone or restricted area regu- the public notice issued by the District Engineer. lation should be promulgated. The District Engineer shall include a copy of environmental documentation (3114) (2) Content. The public notice and Federal Regis- prepared in accordance with appendix B to 33 CFR part ter documents must include sufficient information to 325, the record of any public hearings, if held, a sum- give a clear understanding of the proposed action and mary of any comments received and a response thereto, should include the following items of information: and a draft of the regulation as it is to appear in the Fed- eral Register. (3115) (i) Applicable statutory authority or authorities; (40 Stat. 266; 33 U.S.C. 1) and (40 Stat. 892; 33 U.S.C. (3134) (f) Final decision. The Chief of Engineers will no- 3). tify the District Engineer of the final decision to either approve or disapprove the regulations. The District En- (3116) (ii) A reasonable comment period. The public no- gineer will notify the applicant/proponent and publish tice should fix a limiting date within which comments a public notice of the final decision. Concurrent with will be received, normally a period not less than 30 days issuance of the public notice the Office of the Chief of after publication of the notice. Engineers will publish the final decision in the Federal Register and either withdraw the proposed regulation (3117) (iii) The address of the District Engineer as the re- or issue the final regulation as appropriate. The final cipient of any comments received. rule shall become effective no sooner than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register unless the Chief of (3118) (iv) The identity of the applicant/proponent; Engineers finds that sufficient cause exists and pub- (3119) (v) The name or title, address and telephone num- lishes that rationale with the regulations. ber of the Corps employee from whom additional infor- §334.5 Disestablishment of a danger zone. mation concerning the proposal may be obtained; (3135) (a) Upon receipt of a request from any agency for (3120) (vi) The location of the proposed activity accompa- nied by a map of sufficient detail to show the bound- the disestablishment of a danger zone, the District En- aries of the area(s) and its relationship to the gineer shall notify that agency of its responsibility for surrounding area. returning the area to a condition suitable for use by the (3121) (3) Distribution. Public notice will be distributed public. The agency must either certify that it has not in accordance with 33 CFR 325.3(d)(1). In addition to used the area for a purpose that requires cleanup or this general distribution, public notices will be sent to that it has removed all hazardous materials and muni- the following Agencies: tions, before the Corps will disestablish the area. The (3122) (i) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) agency will remain responsible for the enforcement of where the use of airspace is involved. the danger zone regulations to prevent unauthorized (3123) (ii) The Commander, Service Force, U.S. Atlantic entry into the area until the area is deemed safe for use Fleet, if a proposed action involves a danger zone off the by the public and the area is disestablished by the U.S. Atlantic coast. Corps. (3124) (iii) Proposed danger zones on the U.S. Pacific (3136) (b) Upon receipt of the certification required in coast must be coordinated with the applicable com- paragraph (a) of this section, the District shall forward mands as follows: the request for disestablishment of the danger zone (3125) Alaska, Oregon and Washington: through channels to CECW-OR, with its recommenda- (3126) Commander, Naval Base, Seattle tions. Notice of proposed rulemaking and public proce- (3127) California: dures as outlined in §334.4 are not normally required (3128) Commander, Naval Base, San Diego before publication of the final rule revoking a restricted (3129) Hawaii and Trust Territories: (3130) Commander, Naval Base, Pearl Harbor
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 159 area or danger zone regulation. The disestablish- (3150) (3) The regulations in this paragraph shall be en- ment/revocation of the danger zone or restricted area forced by the Commandant, First Naval District, and regulation removes a restriction on a waterway. such agencies as he may designate. §334.6 Datum. §334.75 Thames River, Naval Submarine Base New (3137) (a) Geographic coordinates expressed in terms of London, Restricted Area. (3151) (a) The area: The open waters of the Thames River latitude or longitude, or both, are not intended for plot- approximately 5 nautical miles upriver from its mouth ting on maps or charts whose reference horizontal da- along the boundary between Groton and Waterford, tum is the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), Connecticut, within an area bounded as follows: unless such geographic coordinates are expressly la- (3152) From a point on the eastern shore at beled NAD 83. Geographic coordinates without the (3153) 41°24'14.4\"N., 72°05'38.0\"W., then northerly along NAD 83 reference may be plotted on maps or charts ref- the coast to erenced to NAD 83 only after application of the appro- (3154) 41°24'20.0\"N., 72°05'37.9\"W., then westerly across priate corrections that are published on the particular the river to a point on the western shore at map or chart being used. (3155) 41°24'20.0\"N., 72°05'55.5\"W., then southerly along (3138) (b) For further information on NAD 83 and Na- the coast to a point on the western shore at tional Service nautical charts please contact; Director, (3156) 41°24'05.0\"N., 72°05'55.7\"W., then easterly to the Coast Survey (N/CG2), National Ocean Service, NOAA, western edge of the dredged channel to a point located at 1315 East-West Highway, Station 6147, Silver Spring, (3157) 41°24'04.1\"N., 72°05'51.2\"W., then southerly along MD 20910-3282. the western edge of the dredged channel to a point at (3158) 41°24'00\"N., 72°05'52.6\"W., then southerly along §334.60 Cape Cod Bay south of Wellfleet Harbor, the western edge of the dredged channel to a point lo- Mass.; naval aircraft bombing target area. cated at (3139) (a) The danger zone. A circular area with a radius of (3159) 41°23'57.1\"N., 72°05'52.5\"W., then southerly to 1,000 yards having its center on the aircraft bombing buoy “11” located at a point at target hulk James Longstreet in Cape Cod Bay at lati- (3160) 41°23'45.6\"N., 72°05'53.7\"W., then southerly to tude 41°49'46\", longitude 70°02'54\". buoy “B” on the northeastern shore of Mamacoke Hill (3140) (b) The regulations. (1) No vessel shall enter or re- to a point at main in the danger zone at any time, except as autho- (3161) 41°23'33.8\"N., 72°05'53.7\"W., then southerly along rized by the enforcing agency. the shore to buoy “A” at (3141) (2) This section shall be enforced by the Comman- (3162) 41°23'25.0\"N., 72°05'45.4\"W., then southeasterly dant, First Naval District, and such agencies as he may to buoy “9” at a point located at designate. (3163) 41°23'15.0\"N., 72°05'35.0\"W., then easterly to a point on the eastern shore at §334.70 Buzzards Bay, and adjacent waters, Mass.; (3164) 41°23'15.0\"N., 72°05'17.9\"W., then northerly along danger zones for naval operations. the shore to a point on the eastern shore at (3142) (a) Atlantic Ocean in vicinity of Nomans Land– (3165) 41°23'15.8\"N., 72°05'17.9\"W., then along the fol- (3143) (1) The area. The waters surrounding Nomans lowing points: Land within an area bounded as follows: Beginning at (3166) 41°23'15.8\"N., 72°05'22.0\"W. (3144) 41°12'30\", 70°50'30\"; thence northwesterly to (3167) 41°23'25.9\"N., 72°05'29.9\"W. (3145) 41°15'30\", 70°51'30\"; thence northeasterly to (3168) 41°23'33.8\"N., 72°05'34.7\"W. (3146) 41°17'30\", 70°50'30\"; thence southeasterly to (3169) 41°23'37.0\"N., 72°05'38.0\"W. (3147) 41°16'00\", 70°47'30\"; thence south to (3170) 41°23'41.0\"N., 72°05'40.3\"W. (3148) 41°12'30\", 70°47'30\"; thence westerly to the point (3171) 41°23'47.2\"N., 72°05'42.3\"W. of beginning. (3172) 41°23'53.8\"N., 72°05'43.7\"W. (3149) (2) The regulations. No vessel or person shall at (3173) 41°23'59.8\"N., 72°05'43.0\"W. any time enter or remain within a rectangular portion (3174) 41°24'12.4\"N., 72°05'43.2\"W. Then to the point of of the area bounded on the north by latitude 41°16'00\", beginning on the eastern shore. on the east by longitude 70°47'30\", on the south by lati- (3175) (b) The regulations. tude 41°12'30\", and on the west by longitude 70°50'30\", (3176) (1) Vessels and other watercraft within the desig- or within the remainder of the area between November nated navigation channel may proceed through the re- 1 and April 30, inclusive, except by permission of the stricted area at normal operating speeds without enforcing agency. stopping. Vessels and watercraft may also utilize the
160 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 water area within the restricted area located between (3186) 41°18'57\"N., 71°19'54\"W.; thence 3000 yards north- the western edge of the designated channel and the west- erly to the point of beginning. ern shore for fishing, anchoring and other recreational uses. However, all persons, vessels and watercraft, ex- (3187) (b) The regulations. (1) No persons, vessels or cept U.S. military personnel and vessels must leave the other watercraft will be allowed to enter the designated restricted area when notified by personnel of the New area during minefield training. London Submarine Base that such use will interfere with submarine maneuvering, operations or security. (3188) (2) The practice minefield will consist of six inert (3177) (2) Commercial fishermen and shell fishermen drill mines each 16 inches in diameter and 5 feet long may fish within the restricted area provided their ves- and one concrete sonar target 48 inches in diameter sels display registration numbers issued by the Naval and 48 inches high located within the designated area. Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut. The regis- The sonar target will be permanently located in the ex- tration numbers may be obtained by contacting the treme northeast corner within the designated drill Commanding Officer, Naval Submarine Base New Lon- minefield area. The six drill mines will be steel with all don. All commercial fishermen and shell fishermen internal mechanisms and explosives removed and con- must also leave the restricted area when notified by crete filled. Drill mines will be removed from the desig- personnel of the New London Submarine Base that nated area within 72 hours after each minehunting such use will interfere with submarine maneuvering, training exercise. operations or security. (3178) (3) Vessels which are owned, operated or sponsored (3189) (3) Training activities will be limited to minehunt- by local, state municipalities or academic institutions ing operations using only onboard sonar. Neither vari- preparing for or participating in a water sport or water able depth sonar devices or mechanical minesweeping related recreational event sponsored by those local or operations will be utilized in the area. state municipalities or academic institutions, or pri- vate or commercial vessels engaged in observing the (3190) (4) Training periods will be 2-3 days in length and conduct of the above event shall be exempt from the re- 10-15 times a year, however during the time period July strictions above, providing: 1–mid-October, minehunting exercises will be held to (3179) (i) The Commanding Officer, Naval Submarine minimum. Base New London, and the Coast Guard Captain of the Port are advised in writing at least 48 hours in advance (3191) (5) Notice to mariners will be issued 6–8 weeks in of the event, or advance of a scheduled practice exercise by the Com- (3180) (ii) The event was publicized in such a manner that mander, U.S. Naval Base, Newport, Rhode Island. the local public in general had a reasonable opportu- nity to learn of the event 48 hours in advance. (3192) (6) The regulations of this section shall be enforced (3181) (4) The regulations in this section shall be enforced by the Commander, U.S. Naval Base, Newport, Rhode by the Commander, U.S. Naval Submarine Base New Island, and such agencies as he/she may designate. London, Connecticut, and such agencies as he/she may designate. §334.80 Narragansett Bay, R.I.; restricted area. (3193) (a) Beginning at a point on the east shore of §334.78 Rhode Island Sound, Atlantic Ocean, approximately 4.0 nautical miles due south of Conanicut Island at Lands End in Newport, Rhode Island; restricted (3194) 41°33'15\"; thence southeasterly to area for naval practice minefield. (3195) 41°32'44\", 71°21'17\"; thence southerly to (3182) (a) The area. The open waters of Rhode Island (3196) 41°32'09\", 71°21'17\"; thence southeasterly to Sound approximately 4.0 nautical miles due south of (3197) 41°31'50\", 71°21'10\"; thence southeasterly to Lands End, Newport, Rhode Island, within an area (3198) 41°31'26\", 71°20'33\"; thence easterly to bounded as follows: Beginning at (3199) 41°31'27\", 71°20'06\"; thence northerly to a point (3183) 41°20'29\"N., 71°19'54\"W.; thence 2000 yards east- erly to on the southwesterly shore of Prudence Island at (3184) 41°20'29\"N., 71°18'34\"W.; thence 3000 yards south- (3200) 41°35'00\"; thence northerly along the southwest- erly to (3185) 41°18'57\"N., 71°18'34\"W.; thence 2000 yards west- erly shore of Prudence Island to a point at erly to (3201) 41°35'43\", 71°20'15.5\"; thence northwesterly to (3202) 41°37'21\", 71°20'48\"; thence west to (3203) 41°37'21\", 71°21'48\"; and thence south to (3204) 41°33'54\", 71°21'48\". (3205) (b) The regulations: (1) No person or vessel shall at any time, under any circumstances, anchor or fish or tow a drag of any kind in the prohibited area because of the extensive cable system located therein. (3206) (2) Orders and instructions issued by patrol craft or other authorized representatives of the enforcing
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 161 agency shall be carried out promptly by persons or ves- (3220) (c) Enforcement. (1) The regulation in this section, sels in or in the vicinity of the prohibited area. promulgated by the United States Army Corps of Engi- (3207) (3) The regulations in this section shall be enforced neers, shall be enforced by the United States Navy, by the Commander U.S. Naval Base, Newport, R.I., and Commanding Officer Naval Station Newport, Newport, such agencies as he may designate. Rhode Island and/or other persons or agencies as he/she may designate. §334.81 Narragansett Bay, East Passage, Coddington Cove, Naval Station Newport, Naval §334.85 New York Harbor, adjacent to the Restricted Area, Newport, Rhode Island. Stapleton Naval Station, Staten Island, New York; (3208) (a) The area. All of the navigable waters of restricted area. Coddington Cove east of a line that connects (3221) (a) The area. The waters of New York Harbor begin- Coddington Point at 41°31'24.0\"N., 71°19'24.0\"W.; ning at a point on shore at with the outer end of the Coddington Cove breakwater (3222) 40°38'02\"N., 074°04'24\"W.; thence easterly to on the north side of the cove at 41°31'55.7\"N., (3223) 40°38'02.5\"N., 074°04'09\"W.; thence southerly to 71°19'28.2\"W. (3224) 40°37'53\"N., 074°04'07\"W.; thence east-southeast- (3209) (b) The regulation. All persons, swimmers, vessels erly to and other craft, except those vessels under the supervi- (3225) 40°37'50\"N., 074°03'50.2\"W.; thence south-south- sion or contract to local military or Naval authority, easterly to vessels of the United States Coast Guard, and local or (3226) 40°37'37.5\"N., 074°03'46\"W.; thence southwesterly state law enforcement vessels, are prohibited from en- to the shore line at tering the restricted area without specific permission (3227) 40°37'24.5\"N., 074°04'18\"W.; thence northerly from the Commanding Officer, Naval Station Newport, along the shore line to the point of origin. USN, Newport, Rhode Island or his/her authorized rep- (3228) (b) The regulations. (1) The portion of the re- resentative. stricted area extending from the shore out to a line 600 (3210) (c) Enforcement. The regulation in this section, feet east of the U.S. Pierhead Line is closed to all per- promulgated by the United States Army Corps of Engi- sons and vessels except those vessels owned by, under neers, shall be enforced by the United States Navy, hire to or performing work for Naval Station New York, Commanding Officer Naval Station Newport, and/or Staten Island, New York. such agencies or persons as he/she may designate. (3229) (2) The portion of the restricted area beginning 600 feet seaward of the U.S. Pierhead Line is open to §334.82 Narragansett Bay, East Passage, Coasters transiting vessels only. Vessels shall proceed across the Harbor Island, Naval Station Newport, Newport, area by the most direct route and without unnecessary Rhode Island, Restricted Area. delay. For vessels under sail, necessary tacking shall (3211) (a) The area. The waters within a \"C-shaped\" area constitute a direct route. adjacent to and surrounding Coasters Harbor Island (3230) (3) Commercial vessels at anchor will be permitted beginning at Coddington Point at to swing into the seaward portion of the restricted area (3212) 41°31'24.0\"N., 71°19'24.0\"W.; thence to while at anchor and during the tide changes. (3213) 41°31'21.5\"N., 71°19'45.0\"W.; thence to (3231) (c) Enforcement. The regulations in this section (3214) 41°31'04.2\"N., 71°19'52.8\"W.; thence to shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval (3215) 41°30'27.3\"N., 71°19'52.8\"W.; thence to Station New York, and such agencies as he/she shall (3216) 41°30'13.8\"N., 71°19'42.0\"W.; thence to designate. (3217) 41°30'10.2\"N., 71°19'32.6\"W.; thence to (3218) 41°30'10.2\"N., 71°19'20.0\"W.; thence northerly along §334.102 Sandy Hook Bay, Naval Weapons Station the mainland shoreline to the point of origin. EARLE, Piers and Terminal Channel, Restricted (3219) (b) The regulation. All persons, swimmers, vessels Area, Middletown, New Jersey. and other craft, except those vessels under the supervi- (3232) (a) The area. All of the navigable waters within the sion or contract to local military or Naval authority, area bounded by these coordinates: vessels of the United States Coast Guard, and Federal, (3233) 40°25'55.6\"N., 074°04'31.4\"W.; thence to local or State law enforcement vessels, are prohibited (3234) 40°26'54.0\"N., 074°03'53.0\"W.; thence to from entering the restricted areas without permission (3235) 40°26'58.0\"N., 074°04'03.0\"W.; thence to from the Commanding Officer Naval Station Newport, (3236) 40°27'56.0\"N., 074°03'24.0\"W.; thence to USN, Newport, Rhode Island or his/her authorized (3237) 40°27'41.7\"N., 074°02'45.0\"W.; thence to representative. (3238) 40°28'23.5\"N., 074°02'16.6\"W.; thence to (3239) 40°28'21.2\"N., 074°01'56.0\"W.; thence to
162 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (3240) 40°28'07.9\"N., 074°02'18.6\"W.; thence to (3262) (f) Existing vessel refers to any vessel on which (3241) 40°27'39.3\"N., 074°02'38.3\"W.; thence to construction was initiated before January 30, 1975; (3242) 40°27'28.5\"N., 074°02'10.4\"W.; thence to (3243) 40°26'29.5\"N., 074°02'51.2\"W.; thence to (3263) (g) Fecal coliform bacteria are those organisms as- (3244) 40°26'31.4\"N., 074°02'55.4\"W.; thence to sociated with the intestines of warm-blooded animals (3245) 40°25'27.1\"N., 074°03'39.7\"W.; and thence along that are commonly used to indicate the presence of fe- cal material and the potential presence of organisms the shoreline to the point of origin (NAD 83). capable of causing human disease. (3246) The Department of the Navy plans to install buoys §140.2 Scope of standard. along these coordinates to outline the Restricted Area. (3264) The standard adopted herein applies only to vessels (3247) (b) The regulation. (1) Except as set forth in sub- on which a marine sanitation device has been installed. paragraph (b)(2), no persons, unauthorized vessels or The standard does not require the installation of a ma- other unauthorized craft may enter the restricted area rine sanitation device on any vessel that is not so at any time; equipped. The standard applies to vessels owned and (3248) (2) Vessels are authorized to cross the Terminal operated by the United States unless the Secretary of Channel provided that there are no naval vessels then Defense finds that compliance would not be in the in- transiting the channel bounded by: terest of national security. (3249) 40°27'41.7\"N., 074°02'45.0\"W.; thence to (3250) 40°28'23.5\"N., 074°02'16.6\"W.; thence to §140.3 Standard. (3251) 40°28'21.2\"N., 074°01'56.0\"W.; thence to (3265) (a) (1) In freshwater lakes, freshwater reservoirs or (3252) 40°28'07.9\"N., 074°02'18.6\"W.; thence to (3253) 40°27'39.3\"N., 074°02'38.3\"W.; and other freshwater impoundments whose inlets or out- (3254) (3) No person may swim in the Restricted Area. lets are such as to prevent the ingress or egress by ves- (3255) (c) Enforcement. The regulation in this section, sel traffic subject to this regulation, or in rivers not promulgated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, capable of navigation by interstate vessel traffic subject shall be enforced by the Commanding Officer, Naval to this regulation, marine sanitation devices certified Weapons Station Earle, and/or other persons or agen- by the U.S. Coast Guard (see 33 CFR part 159, pub- cies as he/she may designate. lished in 40 FR 4622, January 30, 1975), installed on all vessels shall be designed and operated to prevent the TITLE 40–PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT overboard discharge of sewage, treated or untreated, or of any waste derived from sewage. This shall not be con- Part 140–Marine Sanitation Device Standard strued to prohibit the carriage of Coast Guard-certified flow-through treatment devices which have been se- §140.1 Definitions. cured so as to prevent such discharges. (3256) For the purpose of these standards the following (3266) (2) In all other waters, Coast Guard-certified ma- rine sanitation devices installed on all vessels shall be definitions shall apply: designed and operated to either retain, dispose of, or (3257) (a) Sewage means human body wastes and the discharge sewage. If the device has a discharge, subject to paragraph (d) of this section, the effluent shall not wastes from toilets and other receptacles intended to have a fecal coliform bacterial count of greater than receive or retain body wastes; 1,000 per 100 milliliters nor visible floating solids. Wa- (3258) (b) Discharge includes, but is not limited to, any ters where a Coast Guard-certified marine sanitation spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, empty- device permitting discharge is allowed include coastal ing, or dumping; waters and estuaries, the Great Lakes and inter-con- (3259) (c) Marine sanitation device includes any equip- nected waterways, fresh-water lakes and impound- ment for installation onboard a vessel and which is de- ments accessible through locks, and other flowing signed to receive, retain, treat, or discharge sewage and waters that are navigable interstate by vessels subject any process to treat such sewage; to this regulation. (3260) (d) Vessel includes every description of watercraft (3267) (b) This standard shall become effective on January or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being 30, 1977 for new vessels and on January 30, 1980 for ex- used, as a means of transportation on waters of the isting vessels (or, in the case of vessels owned and oper- United States; ated by the Department of Defense, two years and five (3261) (e) New vessel refers to any vessel on which con- years, for new and existing vessels, respectively, after struction was initiated on or after January 30, 1975; promulgation of implementing regulations by the Sec- retary of Defense under section 312(d) of the Act).
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 163 (3268) (c) Any vessel which is equipped as of the date of particular waters of the United States or specified por- promulgation of this regulation with a Coast tions thereof, which waters are located within the Guard-certified flow-through marine sanitation device boundaries of such State. Such application shall specify meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this with particularly the waters, or portions thereof, for section, shall not be required to comply with the provi- which a complete prohibition is desired. The applica- sions designed to prevent the overboard discharge of tion shall include identification of water recreational sewage, treated or untreated, in paragraph (a)(1) of this areas, drinking water intakes, aquatic sanctuaries, section, for the operable life of that device. identifiable fish-spawning and nursery areas, and areas of intensive boating activities. If, on the basis of the (3269) (d) After January 30, 1980, subject to paragraphs State's application and any other information available (e) and (f) of this section, marine sanitation devices on to him, the Administrator is unable to make a finding all vessels on waters that are not subject to a prohibi- that the waters listed in the application require a com- tion of the overboard discharge of sewage, treated or plete prohibition of any discharge in the waters or por- untreated, as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this sec- tions thereof covered by the application, he shall state tion, shall be designed and operated to either retain, the reasons why he cannot make such a finding, and dispose of, or discharge sewage, and shall be certified shall deny the application. If the Administrator makes a by the U.S. Coast Guard. If the device has a discharge, finding that the waters listed in the application require the effluent shall not have a fecal coliform bacterial a complete prohibition of any discharge in all or any count of greater than 200 per 100 milliliters, nor sus- part of the waters or portions thereof covered by the pended solids greater than 150 mg/1. State’s application, he shall publish notice of such find- ings together with a notice of proposed rule making, (3270) (e) Any existing vessel on waters not subject to a and then shall proceed in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553. prohibition of the overboard discharge of sewage in If the Administrator’s finding is that applicable water paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and which is equipped quality standards require a complete prohibition cover- with a certified device on or before January 30, 1978, ing a more restricted or more expanded area than that shall not be required to comply with paragraph (d) of applied for by the State, he shall state the reasons why this section, for the operable life of that device. his finding differs in scope from that requested in the State’s application. [...] (3271) (f) Any new vessel on waters not subject to the pro- (3275) (ii) Waters of the State of Florida within the bound- hibition of the overboard discharge of sewage in para- aries of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary as graph (a)(1) of this section, and on which construction delineated on a map of the Sanctuary at http://www. is initiated before January 31, 1980, which is equipped fknms.nos.noaa.gov/. with a marine sanitation device before January 31, (3276) (c)(1) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section 1980, certified under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, 312(f)(4)(B): A State may make written application to shall not be required to comply with paragraph (d) of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection this section, for the operable life of that device. Agency under section 312(f)(4)(B) of the Act for the is- suance of a regulation establishing a drinking water in- (3272) (g) The degrees of treatment described in para- take no discharge zone which completely prohibits graphs (a) and (d) of this section are ‘‘appropriate stan- discharge from a vessel of any sewage, whether treated dards\" for purposes of Coast Guard and Department of or untreated, into that zone in particular waters, or Defense certification pursuant to section 312(g)(2) of portions thereof, within such State. Such application the Act. shall: (3277) (i) Identify and describe exactly and in detail the lo- §140.4 Complete prohibition. cation of the drinking water supply intake(s) and the (3273) (a) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section 312(f)(3): community served by the intake(s), including average and maximum expected amounts of inflow; a State may completely prohibit the discharge from all (3278) (ii) Specify and describe exactly and in detail, the vessels of any sewage, whether treated or not, into waters, or portions thereof, for which a complete pro- some or all of the waters within such State by making a hibition is desired, and where appropriate, average, written application to the Administrator, Environmen- maximum and low flows in million gallons per day tal Protection Agency, and by receiving the Administra- (MGD) or the metric equivalent; tor's affirmative determination pursuant to section (3279) (iii) Include a map, either a USGS topographic 312(f)(3) of the Act. [...] quadrant map or a NOAA nautical chart, as applicable, (3274) (b) Prohibition pursuant to CWA section clearly marking by latitude and longitude the waters or 312(f)(4)(A): a State may make a written application to the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, under section 312(f)(4)(A) of the Act, for the issuance of a regulation completely prohibiting discharge from a vessel of any sewage, whether treated or not, into
164 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 portions thereof to be designated a drinking water in- TITLE 46–SHIPPING take zone; and (3280) (iv) Include a statement of basis justifying the size Part 15–Manning Requirements (in part) of the requested drinking water intake zone, for exam- ple, identifying areas of intensive boating activities. Subpart I–Vessels in Foreign Trade (3281) (2) If the Administrator finds that a complete pro- hibition is appropriate under this paragraph, he or she §15.1001 General. shall publish notice of such finding together with a no- (3287) Self-propelled vessels engaged in foreign com- tice of proposed rulemaking, and then shall proceed in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553. If the Administrator’s merce are required to use a pilot holding an appropri- finding is that a complete prohibition covering a more ately endorsed Federal first class pilot’s license issued restricted or more expanded area than that applied for by the Coast Guard when operating in the navigable by the State is appropriate, he or she shall also include waters of the United States specified in this subpart. a statement of the reasons why the finding differs in scope from that requested in the State’s application. §15.1030 New York and New Jersey. (3282) (3) If the Administrator finds that a complete pro- (3288) The following U.S. navigable waters located within hibition is inappropriate under this paragraph, he or she shall deny the application and state the reasons for the States of New York and New Jersey when the vessel such denial. is making an intra-port transit, to include, but not lim- (3283) (4) For the following waters the discharge from a ited to, a movement from a dock to a dock, from a dock vessel of any sewage, whether treated or not, is to an anchorage, from an anchorage to a dock, or from completely prohibited pursuant to CWA section an anchorage to an anchorage, within the following 312(f)(4)(B): listed operating areas: (3284) (i) Two portions of the Hudson River in New York (3289) (a) East River from Execution Rocks to New York State, the first is bounded by an east-west line through Harbor, Upper Bay; the most northern confluence of the Mohawk River (3290) (b) Hudson River from Yonkers, New York to New which will be designated by the Troy-Waterford Bridge York Harbor, Upper Bay; (126th Street Bridge) on the south and Lock 2 on the (3291) (c) Raritan River from Grossman Dock/Arsenal to north, and the second of which is bounded on the north New York Harbor, Lower Bay; by the southern end of Houghtaling Island and on the (3292) (d) Arthur Kill Channel; south by a line between the Village of Roseton on the (3293) (e) Kill Van Kull Channel; western shore and Low Point on the eastern shore in (3294) (f) Newark Bay; the vicinity of Chelsea, as described in Items 2 and 3 of (3295) (g) Passaic River from Point No Point to Newark 6 NYCRR Part 858.4. Bay; (3285) (ii) [Reserved] (3296) (h) Hackensack River from the turning basin to Newark Bay; and §140.5 Analytical procedures. (3297) (i) New York Harbor, Upper and Lower Bay. (3286) In determining the composition and quality of ef- (3298) Note to §15.1030: (3299) “Intra-port transit” as used in this section includes fluent discharge from marine sanitation devices, the the movement of a foreign-trade vessel inbound from procedures contained in 40 CFR part 136, ‘‘Guidelines sea from the point where a State-licensed pilot ceases Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollut- providing pilotage to another point within the identi- ants,” or subsequent revisions or amendments thereto, fied areas (i.e., a dock or anchorage). Likewise, shall be employed. intra-port transit also includes the movement of a for- eign-trade vessel outbound to sea from a point within the identified areas (i.e., a dock or anchorage) to the point where a State licensed pilot begins providing pilotage. §15.1040 Massachusetts. (3300) The following U.S. navigable waters located within the State of Massachusetts when the vessel is in transit, but not bound to or departing from a port within the following listed operating areas:
Navigation Regulations ■ Chapter 2 ■ 165 (3301) (a) Cape Cod Bay south of 41°48'54\"N.; Marine Mammal Protection Act (for regulations (3302) (b) The Cape Cod Canal; and implementing that act, see 50 CFR part 216). (3303) (c) Buzzards Bay east of a line extending from the (3308) (c) No statute or regulation of any state shall be construed to relieve a person from the restrictions, southernmost point of Wilbur Point conditions, and requirements contained in parts 222, (3304) (41°34'55\"N., 70°51'15\"W.) to the easternmost 223, and 224 of this chapter. In addition, nothing in parts 222, 223, and 224 of this chapter, including any point of Pasque Island permit issued pursuant thereto, shall be construed to (3305) (41°26'55\"N., 70°50'30\"W.). relieve a person from any other requirements imposed by a statute or regulation of any state or of the United TITLE 50–WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES States, including any applicable health, quarantine, ag- ricultural, or customs laws or regulations, or any other Part 222–General Endangered and Threatened National Marine Fisheries Service enforced statutes or Marine Species regulations. Subpart A–Introduction and General Part 224–Endangered Marine and Provisions Anadromous Species §222.101 Purpose and scope of regulations. §224.103 Special prohibitions for endangered (3306) (a) The regulations of parts 222, 223, and 224 of marine mammals. (3309) (c) Approaching right whales. this chapter implement the Endangered Species Act (3310) (1) Prohibitions. Except as provided under para- (Act), and govern the taking, possession, transporta- graph (c)(3) of this section, it is unlawful for any person tion, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, importation subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to com- of, and other requirements pertaining to wildlife and mit, attempt to commit, to solicit another to commit, plants under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Com- or cause to be committed any of the following acts: merce and determined to be threatened or endangered (3311) (i) Approach (including by interception) within 500 pursuant to section 4(a) of the Act. These regulations yards (460 m) of a right whale by vessel, aircraft, or any are implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Ser- other means; vice, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- (3312) (ii) Fail to undertake required right whale avoidance tion, U.S. Department of Commerce, This part pertains measures specified under paragraph (c)(2) of this section. to general provisions and definitions. Specifically, parts (3313) (2) Right whale avoidance measures. Except as 223 and 224 pertain to provisions to threatened species provided under paragraph (c)(3) of this section, the fol- and endangered species, respectively. Part 226 enumerates lowing avoidance measures must be taken if within 500 designated critical habitat for endangered and threat- yards (460 m) of a right whale: ened species. Certain of the endangered and threatened (3314) (i) If underway, a vessel must steer a course away marine species enumerated in §§ 224.102 and 223.102 from the right whale and immediately leave the area at are included in Appendix I or II to the Convention on slow safe speed. International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild (3315) (ii) An aircraft must take a course away from the Fauna and Flora. The importation, exportation, and right whale and immediately leave the area at a con- re-exportation of such species are subject to additional stant airspeed. regulations set forth at 50 CFR part 23, chapter I. (3316) (3) Exceptions. The following exceptions apply to (3307) (b) For rules and procedures relating to species de- this section, but any person who claims the applicabil- termined to be threatened or endangered under the ju- ity of an exception has the burden of proving that the risdiction of the Secretary of the Interior, see 50 CFR exception applies: parts 10 through 17. For rules and procedures relating (3317) (i) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do to the general implementation of the Act jointly by the not apply if a right whale approach is authorized by the Departments of the Interior and Commerce and for National Marine Fisheries Service through a permit certain species under the joint jurisdiction of both the issued under part 222, subpart C, of this chapter (General Secretaries of the Interior and Commerce, see 50 CFR Permit Procedures) or through a similar authorization. Chapter IV. Marine mammals listed as endangered or (3318) (ii) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do threatened and subject to these regulations may also be not apply where compliance would create an imminent subject to additional requirements pursuant to the and serious threat to a person, vessel, or aircraft.
166 ■ Chapter 2 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (3319) (iii) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2)of this section do part 424 of this title, and for regulations pertaining to not apply when approaching to investigate a right prohibitions against the adverse modification or de- whale entanglement or injury, or to assist in the disen- struction of critical habitat, see part 402 of this title. tanglement or rescue of a right whale, provided that Maps and charts identifying designated critical habitat permission is received from the National Marine Fish- that are not provided in this section may be obtained eries Service or designee prior to the approach. upon request to the Office of Protected Resources (see §222.102, definition of “Office of Protected Resources”). (3320) (iv) Paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section do not apply to an aircraft unless the aircraft is conducting §226.203 Critical habitat for northern right whales. whale watch activities. (3323) (a) Great South Channel. The area bounded by (3324) 41°40'N., 69°45'W.; (3321) (v) Paragraph (c)(2) of this section does not apply (3325) 41°00'N., 69°05'W.; to the extent that a vessel is restricted in her ability to (3326) 41°38'N., 68°13'W.; and maneuver and, because of the restriction, cannot com- (3327) 42°10'N., 69°31'W. ply with paragraph (c)(2) of this section. (3328) (b) Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. The area bounded Part 226–Designated Critical Habitat by (3329) 42°04.8'N., 70°10'W.; §226.101 Purpose and scope. (3330) 42°12'N., 70°15'W.; (3322) The regulations contained in this part identify those (3331) 42°12'N., 70°30'W.; (3332) 41°46.8'N., 70°30'W. and on the south and east by habitats designated by the Secretary of Commerce as critical under section 4 of the Act, for endangered and the interior shore line of Cape cod, Massachusetts. threatened species under the jurisdiction of the Secre- (3333) (c) Southeastern United States. The coastal waters tary of Commerce. Those species are enumerated at §223.102 of this chapter, if threatened and at Sec. between 31°15'N and 30°15'N from the coast out 15 224.101 of this chapter, if endangered. For regulations nautical miles; and the coastal waters between 30°15'N pertaining to the designation of critical habitat, see and 28°00'N from the coast out 5 nautical miles.
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 167 Cape Cod To Sandy Hook (1) The Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Sandy Hook (8) Among the islands in Narragansett Bay are Rhode embraces part of the coast of Massachusetts and all of (Aquidneck) Island, Conanicut, and Prudence. These the coasts of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York. rather large islands are gently sloping, undulating, and To the mariner this area presents problems of unusual covered with cultivated fields and orchards, and occa- difficulty because of the off-lying shoals, strong and sional groves of trees. variable currents, large amounts of fog, and turbulence of wind and sea in the great storms that so frequently (9) Westerly from Point Judith to Napatree Point is a sweep it. Additionally, the mariner is faced with the continuous line of beaches behind which are many great volume of waterborne traffic that moves through saltponds. These ponds have been formed by the sea the area to and from the Port of New York. breaking through the outer sand barrier and then de- positing sand to close the opening. The shore near the Prominent features water is low, grassy, and nearly level, but gradually rises (2) The principal geographic features include Georges with a series of gentle curves to higher wooded lands some distance back. Bank, Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards Bay, Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound and tributaries, (10) Block Island is another formation of the glacier. A and New York Harbor and tributaries including the prominent feature of the island is the entire absence of Hudson River. trees. The surface when viewed from eastward has a (3) Cape Cod, a long peninsula jutting eastward from grassy undulating appearance, and the hills in many the mainland of Massachusetts, may be likened to an places show steep sandy faces. Near the shoreline the arm bent upward at the elbow. It was originally formed land is low, but rapidly rises toward the center of the is- by the last great glacier and has been refashioned by the land to steep hills covered only with grass and dotted seas and wind. The outer end of The Cape, as it is called occasionally with houses. by eastern New Englanders, is a barren region of sand dunes with long yellow beaches, while much of the re- (11) The boundary line between Rhode Island and Con- mainder of the forearm is bleak grassy country. The necticut follows the Pawcatuck River to above the head southern side of the delta-like plain of Cape Cod has of navigation. been cut along high bluffs by the surf and waves. This section of the coast is covered with growth of pitch pine (12) The coastline of Connecticut is rockbound and and scrub oak. rugged, with numerous sandy beaches and occasional (4) Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, the Elizabeth Is- salt meadows or marshland. The surface is mildly roll- lands, and numerous smaller islands were also formed ing near the shore. The depression of small valleys by the glacier. The plains of Martha’s Vineyard and along the shore has created a number of good harbors. Nantucket are broad grassy heaths. The Elizabeth Is- The shoreline has been well developed commercially lands are hilly and partly wooded, and generally the and residentially. It is lined with seaside resorts, State shores are low bluffs. parks, and bathing beaches. (5) The western shore of Buzzards Bay is of moderate height, very gently sloping, cleared, and cultivated with (13) The boundary line between Connecticut and New occasional groves of trees. Several towns and the city of York follows the Byram River for slightly over 1 mile. New Bedford are visible along the shores. (6) Between Buzzards and Narragansett Bays the coast (14) Long Island, originally formed by the glacier and is a mass of sand dunes with steep faces forming a line thrusting about 105 miles eastward from New York Bay along the shore. Several headlands along this stretch of to a point abreast of New London, faces the New Eng- coast have fine sand beaches between them. land coast across Long Island Sound on the north. The (7) The boundary line between Massachusetts and long, narrow outline of the island resembles that of a Rhode Island strikes the coast just westward of Quick- whale. Its eastern end is split by Peconic Bay and the sand Point. 35- and 25-mile peninsulas thus formed are the north and south flukes. The island is almost a plain. On the north coast, bluffs rise to a height of 200 feet. South of these, extending well into the island’s midsection, run several chains of hills. The south shore is a barrier beach from about 30 miles west of the eastern extremity to the
168 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 western end, which has been developed into a series of offshore from the entrances. The entrances to the in- bathing resorts. lets along the south shore of Long Island are subject to frequent change due to the shifting sand bars. Disposal Sites and Dumping Grounds (15) These areas are rarely mentioned in the Coast Pi- (24) Traffic Separation Schemes (Traffic Lanes) have been established in the approaches to Buzzards Bay, lot, but are shown on the nautical charts. (See Disposal Narragansett Bay, and New York Harbor. (See chapters Sites and Dumping Grounds, chapter 1, and charts for 5, 6, and 11, respectively, for details.) limits.) (25) Vessel Traffic Service, New York, operated by the Aids to navigation U.S. Coast Guard, serves New York Harbor. (See 161.1 (16) Lights and buoys are the principal guides that through 161.25, chapter 2, for regulations.) mark the approaches to the important harbors. Many of Channels the light stations have fog signals, particularly those in (26) Federal project depth is the dredging depth of a the vicinity of the larger ports. (17) (See the Light List for a complete description of channel as authorized by an Act of Congress upon rec- navigational aids.) ommendation of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Controlling depth in a channel is its least depth; it re- Loran stricts use of the channel to drafts less than that depth. (18) Loran C provides the mariner with good navigation (27) Where deepwater channels are maintained by the Corps of Engineers and the controlling depths are coverage along this section of the coast. printed on the charts in tabular form, the Coast Pilot usually gives only the project depths. Owing to con- (19) Radar is an important aid in most of this area, but stant shoaling in places, depths may vary considerably should not be relied upon for ranges to the beach in ar- between maintenance dredgings; consult the Notice to eas such as the south coast of Long Island which offer a Mariners for channel depths subsequent to charted in- relatively low relief. Many of the coastal buoys are formation. equipped with radar reflectors. Radar is of particular (28) Where secondary channels are ma importance in detecting other traffic and in the preven- (29) intained regularly by the Corps of Engineers, the tion of collisions during periods of low visibility, which Coast Pilot gives the controlling depths together with are common in this area. the dates of the latest surveys. (30) In the case of other channels, the controlling COLREGS Demarcation Lines depths printed in the Coast Pilot are from the latest (20) Lines have been established to delineate those wa- available reports which may, however, be several years old. ters upon which mariners must comply with the Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980 (Inland Rules). The wa- Anchorages ters inside of the lines are Inland Rules Waters, and the (31) There are numerous anchorages in Nantucket and waters outside of the lines are COLREGS Waters. (See Part 80, chapter 2, for specific lines of demarcation.) Vineyard Sounds, Buzzards, Narragansett, and Gardiners Bays, and Long Island Sound, where vessels Ports and Waterways Safety with good ground tackle can ride out any gale. Between (21) (See Part 160, chapter 2, for regulations governing Cape Cod and Sandy Hook, the more important har- bors, either commercially or as harbors of refuge, are vessel operations and requirements for notification of New Bedford, Newport, Providence, New London, New arrivals, hazardous conditions, and certain dangerous Haven, and Bridgeport on the mainland, Greenport and cargoes to the Captain of the Port.) Port Jefferson on Long Island, City Island, New York, and vast New York Harbor. (See Part 110, chapter 2, for (22) Regulated Navigation Areas have been established limits and regulations.) within the navigable waters of the First Coast Guard District to increase operational safety for towing ves- Marine Protected Areas sels and tank barges. (See 165.100, chapter 2, for (32) The chapters that follow may contain references to limits and regulations.) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) occurring in navigable Harbor entrances coastal waters of the NE Atlantic coast. A summary of (23) The entrances to most of the harbors have dredged these MPAs can be found in Appendix C. The critical en- vironmental information is intended to inform readers channels marked with navigational aids and are easy of access. In some cases jetties and breakwaters extend
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 169 about the location, purpose, and legal restrictions of whales may occur along this migratory corridor from coastal MPAs, with an emphasis on activities of interest November through April. Because right whales mate, to the maritime community. (Extensive MPAs are listed rest, feed, and nurse their young at the surface, and of- here and regional MPAs are included in subsequent ten do not move out of the way of oncoming ships, they chapters of this Coast Pilot.) are highly vulnerable to being struck by ships. Calves (33) Northern Inshore Lobster Waters includes the traveling north with their mothers from southern trav- State waters of RI, MA, NH, and ME. (See Appendix C, eling grounds appear to be particularly vulnerable to for additional information.) collision with ships. Ship strikes are one of the two (34) Northern Nearshore Lobster Waters includes the known sources of human-related mortality. Federal waters of RI, MA, NH, and ME. (See Appendix C, (40) Seasonal occurrence of North Atlantic right for addition information.) whales: In seasons and in areas that right whales may (35) Offshore Lobster Waters, about 60 miles offshore occur, vessel operators should maintain a sharp look- to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) edge, extend out for right whales. Right whales occur seasonally from the U.S. Canadian border to Cape Hatteras, NC. throughout their range from Canada to Florida. Peak (See Appendix C, for additional information.) seasons of right whale occurrence include the follow- (36) Southern Nearshore Lobster Waters and Mid-At- ing areas and times: Cape Cod Bay (January through lantic Coastal Waters Area includes the State and Fed- May), the Great South Channel (March through July), eral waters along the continental shelf from Long the northern edge of Georges Bank (June through Island to Cape Hatteras, NC. (See Appendix C, for addi- July), Stellwagen Bank (July through September), tional information.) Jeffreys Ledge (July through December), the Bay of Fundy (Grand Manan Basin) (June through Decem- Dangers ber), Platts Bank (April through June), Cashes Ledge (37) The most important dangers confronting the navi- and Fippenies Ledge (June through December), the southern coast of Nantucket Island (November gator when approaching the area are the great banks through April), Block Island and Rhode Island Sounds, and shoals in the eastern approach. The remainder of including the area in or proximal to the Narragan- the isolated dangers throughout the area and in the ap- sett/Buzzards Bay Traffic Separation Scheme and 30 proaches to the harbors are for the most part well nautical miles south of Block Island Sound (November marked and charted. through April), the southern side of Long Island (No- vember through April), and the Traffic Approach Lanes Pipelaying barges to the Ports of New York and New Jersey (November (38) With the increased number of pipeline laying oper- through April). Two areas are federally designated criti- cal habitats for right whales. Stellwagen Bank and ations, operators of all types of vessels should be aware Jeffreys Ledge are located in the federally designated of the dangers of passing close aboard, close ahead, or Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine close astern of a jetbarge or pipelaying barge. Sanctuary. The Grand Manan Basin is a Canadian whale Pipelaying barges and jetbarges usually move at 0.5 conservation area. Seasonal right whale advisories and knot or less and have anchors which extend out about sighting reports are broadcast periodically for these ar- 3,500 to 5,000 feet in all directions and which may be eas by Coast Guard Broadcast Notice to Mariners, marked by lighted anchor buoys. The exposed pipeline NAVTEX, NOAA Weather Radio, Cape Cod Canal Vessel behind the pipelaying barge and the area in the vicinity Traffic Control, the Bay of Fundy Vessel Traffic Control, of anchors are hazardous to navigation and should be and are included in the return message from the Right avoided. The pipeline and anchor cables also represent Whale Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) systems. a submerged hazard to navigation. It is suggested, if (41) Description of North Atlantic right whale: The safe navigation permits, for all types of vessels to pass species reaches lengths of 45 to 55 feet and is black in well ahead of the pipelaying barge or well astern of the color. The best field identification marks are a broad jetbarge. The pipelaying barge, jetbarge, and attending back with no dorsal fin, irregular bumpy white patches vessels may be contacted on VHF-FM channel 16 (callosities) on the head, and a distinctive two-column (156.80 MHz) for passage instructions. V-shaped blow when viewed from directly behind or in front of the whale. They have broad, paddle-shaped flip- North Atlantic Right Whales pers and a broad, deeply notched tail; see diagrams fol- (39) North Atlantic right whales are the world’s most lowing. (42) Sighting Advisory System: As weather and condi- endangered large whale. Right whales migrate annu- tions permit, a dedicated seasonal program (January ally along the east coast between the northern feeding grounds off New England and the southern calving grounds off Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Right
170 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 171 through the end of July) of overflights and vessel sur- Routes. The \"Two-Way\" routes were developed from an veys (principally in Cape Cod Bay, the Gulf of Maine, analysis of historical right whale use to reduce the like- the Great South Channel, and Rhode Island, Block Is- lihood of ship strikes of endangered North Atlantic land, and Long Island Sounds) provide whale sighting right whales. A Recommended Two-Way Whale Avoid- information to the Coast Guard, NOAA Weather Radio, ance Track has also been established for vessels travel- Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) systems, and others ing between the Cape Cod Canal and Provincetown. for broadcast purposes. Many right whales however, go Caution: Full bottom coverage surveys have not been undetected. Sighting information may be obtained by conducted within the entire route nor along the entire sending an e-mail to: [email protected]. track, so uncharted dangers may exist. Local ships’ pi- (43) Amended Boston Traffic Separation Scheme: As of lots may also provide additional information on the lo- July 1, 2007, the east-west leg of the Boston TSS has cation of right whales and local safe vessel operating been shifted approximately 12° to the north to redirect procedures. ship traffic from an area of high whale density to an area of considerably lower whale density. Use of the In all coastal and offshore waters along the east amended Boston TSS is expected to significantly re- coast: duce the risk of adverse interactions with right whales (53) If a right whale sighting is reported within 20 nau- and other large whales. Refer to the Notices to Mari- tical miles of a ship’s position, post a lookout familiar ners, Chapter 11 (U.S. Coast Pilot 1) and NOS Charts with spotting whales. 13270, 13267, 13246, 13260 and 13200 for further in- (54) If a right whale is sighted from the ship, or reported formation about the Boston Traffic Separation Scheme. along the intended track of a large vessel, mariners (44) Precautions: NOAA recommends the following should exercise caution and proceed at speeds below 10 precautionary measures be taken to avoid North Atlan- knots or less within 8 nautical miles of the sighting lo- tic right whales. cation, when consistent with safe navigation, bearing in mind that reduced speed will minimize the risk of When transiting right whale critical habitat and ship strikes. areas of recently reported right whale sightings: (55) Do not assume right whales will move out of your (45) As soon as possible prior to entering right whale way. Right whales, generally slow moving, seldom critical habitat, check Coast Guard Broadcast Notice to travel faster than 5-6 knots. Consistent with safe navi- Mariners, NAVTEX, NOAA Weather Radio, Cape Cod gation, maneuver around observed right whales or re- Canal Vessel Traffic Control, the Bay of Fundy Vessel cently reported sighting locations. It is illegal to Traffic Control, Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) sys- approach closer than 500 yards of any right whale (See tem return messages (for MSR system reporting re- 50 CFR 224.103, Chapter 2). quirements, see Mandatory Ship Reporting system (56) Any whale accidentally struck, any dead whale car- later in this chapter), and other sources for recent right cass, and any whale observed entangled should be re- whale sighting reports. Request sighting information ported immediately to the Coast Guard noting the and safe vessel operating procedures when making ini- precise location and time of the accident or sighting. In tial radio contact with local harbor pilots. the event of a strike or sighting, the following informa- (46) Review right whale identification materials and tion should be provided to the Coast Guard: maintain a sharp watch with lookouts familiar with (57) location and time of the accident or sighting, spotting whales. (58) speed of the vessel, (47) Reduce speed to 10 knots or less when consistent (59) size of the vessel, with safe navigation. (60) water depth, (48) Attempt to avoid night-time transits. (61) wind speed and direction, (49) Minimize travel distances through the area when- (62) description of the impact, ever possible. (63) fate of the animal, and (50) Anticipate delays due to whale sightings. (64) species and size, if known. (51) When the ability to spot whales is reduced (e.g. (65) Right whales can occur anywhere along the east night, fog, rain, etc.), mariners should bear in mind coast. Therefore, mariners are urged to exercise pru- that reduced speeds below 10 knots, when consistent dent seamanship in their efforts to avoid right whales. with safe navigation, will minimize the risk of ship strikes. Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems (52) To reduce the likelihood of ship strikes with right (66) (WHALESNORTH and WHALESSOUTH), have whales, all vessels traveling in Cape Cod Bay are advised to use the Recommended Two-Way Whale Avoidance been established within the area of this Coast Pilot. These Mandatory Ship Reporting (MSR) systems
172 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 require all vessels, 300 gross tons or greater, to report (80) Vessels not equipped with INMARSAT C or Telex to the U.S. Coast Guard prior to entering two desig- should submit reports to the U.S. Coast Guard’s Com- nated reporting areas off the east coast of the United munication Area Master Station Atlantic (CAMSLANT) States. (See 33 CFR 169, chapter 2, for limits and reg- via narrow band direct printing (SITOR) or HF voice. ulations.) Sovereign immune vessels are exempt from Vessels equipped only with VHF-FM voice communica- the requirement to report, but are encouraged to par- tions should submit reports to the nearest U.S. Coast ticipate. Guard activity or group. (67) The two reporting systems will operate independ- ently of each other. The system in the northeastern (81) Mariners should check all MSR messages carefully United States will operate year round and the system in before transmitting. Failure to receive a timely return the southeastern United States will operate each year message from the MSR system that provides locations from November 15 through April 15. Reporting ships of recent right whale sightings and precautionary guid- are only required to make reports when entering a re- ance should be reported to the local Marine Safety Of- porting area during a single voyage (that is, a voyage in fice of the U.S. Coast Guard. which a ship is in the area). Ships are not required to report when leaving a port in the reporting area nor (82) Example Reports: when exiting the system. (83) WHALESNORTH-To: [email protected] (84) WHALESNORTH// Northeastern reporting system (85) M/487654321// (68) Geographical boundaries of the northeastern area (86) A/CALYPSO/NRUS// (87) B/031401Z APR// include the waters of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Bay, (88) E/345// and the Great South Channel east and southeast of (89) F/15.5// Massachusetts. The coordinates (NAD 83) of the area (90) H/031410Z APR/4104N/06918W// are as follows: from a point on Cape Ann, Massachusetts at (91) I/BOSTON/032345Z APR// (69) 42°39'N., 70°37'W.; then northeast to (92) L/WP/4104N/06918W/15.5// (70) 42°45'N., 70°13'W.; then southeast to (93) L/WP/4210N/06952W/15.5// (71) 42°10'N., 68°31'W.; then south to (94) L/WP/4230N/07006W/15.5// (72) 41°00'N., 68°31'W.; then west to (95) WHALESSOUTH-To: [email protected] (73) 41°00'N., 69°17'W.; then northwest to (96) WHALESSOUTH// (74) 42°05'N., 70°02'W.; then west to (97) M/412345678// (75) 42°04'N., 70°10'W.; and then along the Massachu- (98) A/BEAGLE/NVES// setts shoreline of Cape Cod Bay and Massachusetts Bay (99) B/270810Z MAR// back to the point on Cape Ann at 42°39'N., 70°37'W. (100) E/250// (101) F/17.0// Southeastern reporting system (102) H/270810Z MAR/3030N/08052W// (76) Geographical boundaries of the southeastern area (103) I/MAYPORT/271215Z MAR// (104) L/RL/17.0// include coastal waters within about 25 nautical miles (45 kilometers) along a 90-nautical mile (170-kilome- Charts 13204, 13200 ter) stretch of the Atlantic seaboard in Florida and Georgia. The area, coordinates (NAD 83), extends from (105) Georges Bank is an extensive bank with depths of the shoreline east to longitude 80°51.6'W. with the less than 50 fathoms, extending for over 150 miles southern and northern boundaries at latitude 30°00'N. northeastward from the offshore end of Nantucket and 31°27'N., respectively. Shoals. Reports (106) In heavy weather the danger area may be consid- (77) Vessels shall make reports in accordance with the ered to be the oval-shaped top of the bank which is about 80 miles long in a northeast and southwest direc- format in IMO Resolution A.858 (20) in accordance tion and which has a maximum width of about 50 with the International Convention for the Safety of Life miles. The bottom within this area is extremely broken at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 74). (See 33 CFR 169.135 and and irregular, with a great number of ridges and shoal 169.140, chapter 2, for additional information.) Vessels spots having depths of less than 10 fathoms. Between should report via INMARSAT C or via alternate satellite these shoals are channels of varying widths in which communications to one of the following addresses: depths of about 20 fathoms may be found. All of this (78) Email: [email protected] or area lies within the 30-fathom curve and so much of it (79) Telex: 48156090
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 173 has depths of less than 20 fathoms that it may practi- (114) Nantucket Shoals is the general name of the nu- cally all be considered to lie within a generalized merous different broken shoals which lie southeast- 20-fathom curve. ward of Nantucket Island and make this one of the most (107) On the southeast side of the bank, outside the dangerous parts of the coast of the United States for the 20-fathom curve, the water deepens gradually and with navigator. These shoals extend 23 miles eastward and such regularity that soundings would be of consider- 40 miles southeastward from Nantucket Island. They able value in approaching the bank. On the northwest are shifting in nature, and the depths vary from 3 to 4 side the water deepens more rapidly. feet on some to 4 and 5 fathoms on others, while slues (108) The bottom is generally of sand, sometimes with with depths of 10 fathoms or more lead between those shell, and in places pebbles. Bottom samples as ob- farthest offshore. The easterly edge of the shoals has tained during surveys are shown in a great many places depths of 3 and 4 fathoms in places. on the charts. (109) The two principal dangers on Georges Bank are Area to be avoided Georges Shoal and Cultivator Shoal, which are near the (115) Because of the great danger of stranding and for center of the danger area. Around these shoals the sea breaks in depths of 10 fathoms during heavy weather, reasons of environmental protection, the International and the locality should be avoided by deep-draft vessels. Maritime Organization (IMO) has established an area (110) Georges Shoal is a ridge about 13 miles long on to be avoided in the area of Nantucket Shoals. All ves- which are several shallow depths of 1½ to 3 fathoms. sels carrying cargoes of oil or hazardous materials and (111) Cultivator Shoal, about 20 miles westward of Geor- all other vessels of more than 1,000 gross tons should ges Shoal, is a ridge nearly 15 miles long, on which avoid the area bounded by the following points: depths of 3 to 10 fathoms are found. The 3-fathom spot (116) 41°16.5'N., 70°12.5'W.; is near the north end of the shoal. In December 1980, a (117) 40°43.2'N., 70°00.5'W.; submerged obstruction was reported about 8.7 miles (118) 40°44.5'N., 69°19.0'W.; northwest of the 3-fathom spot in about 41°43'N., (119) 41°04.5'N., 69°19.0'W.; 68°23'W.; vessels engaged in bottom operations are ad- (120) 41°23.5'N., 69°31.5'W.; and vised to exercise caution in the area. (121) 41°23.4'N., 70°02.8'W. (112) The entire area within the 20-fathom curve has an (122) The currents in the area are strong and erratic, extremely broken bottom. There are numerous ridges reaching a velocity of 3 to 5 knots around the edges of and shoal spots on which depths dangerous to naviga- the shoals. They are made erratic by the obstruction of tion, particularly in heavy weather, may be found. the shoals, in some cases being deflected to such an ex- These shoal spots generally have steep sides, and very tent as to cause the direction to change 180° from one little or no indication of their existence is given by side of the shoal to the other. soundings. Tide rips and swirls, as well as overfalls, are (123) The tidal current over the shoals is rotary, turning common in the vicinity of these spots, but are not al- clockwise. Observations in the area indicate an average ways visible. They show best with a smooth sea and velocity at strength of about 2.5 knots, but this proba- with the current flowing in certain directions. These bly varies appreciably from place to place. Similarly the disturbances are not usually over the shoalest depths, direction of the current at strength probably depends but are commonly alongside them. Small, detached on the orientation of channels between shoal areas. overfalls may be seen in 20 fathoms of water. The tidal (124) Since the current is rotary, there is no true slack. currents are rotary with no period of slack water. The Observations in the area show an average minimum of velocity at strength is about 2 knots, and the velocity of about 0.5 knot. the minimum current which occurs about midway be- (125) The tidal current near Nantucket Shoals Lighted tween the times of strength is about 1 knot. The hourly Whistle Buoy N is rotary, turning clockwise. The aver- velocities and directions of the tidal current are shown age velocity at strength is 0.8 knot; the average mini- by means of current roses on National Ocean Service mum is 0.6 knot. charts. (126) Hourly average velocities and directions for Davis (113) A navigator must bear in mind while in an area of Bank and the area near Nantucket Shoals Lighted this character that it is impossible for the surveyor, Whistle Buoy N, referred to predicted times of maxi- without a vast expenditure of time, to determine and mum flood at Pollock Rip Channel, are furnished in the locate all of the shoalest spots on the many dangerous Tidal Current Tables. However the tidal currents are shoals found. Sudden shoaling on such a bank must be appreciably influenced by winds. considered an indication of possibly dangerous water. (127) Nantucket Shoals should be entirely avoided by This bank has not been wire dragged. deep-draft vessels when possible and by light-draft ves- sels without local knowledge, on account of the
174 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 treacherous currents. There are, however, channels (137) Middle Rip, with a least-found depth of 4 fathoms through these various shoals which can be negotiated and lying north-northwest of Phelps Bank, is about with local knowledge and caution. In calm weather at 13.5 miles long and 4.5 miles wide. This shoal consists slack water these shoals are sometimes difficult to see, of two large parts with depths of 4 fathoms on the east and a vessel is liable to be taken into shoaler water than and 6 fathoms on the west, separated by a channel with was intended. a depth of 7 fathoms and four outlying shoals of 8 to 10 (128) Calm, clear days are few; when the sea is calm it is fathoms. usually foggy, and when clear, it is usually rough. Also to be expected is a considerable amount of hazy (138) Fishing Rip, bow-shaped, with depths of 3 to 10 weather, which limits visibility. fathoms, is about 26 miles long north and south and 6.5 (129) Should it become necessary to anchor in this area, miles wide at its widest point. The north point is 20 open sea anchorage may be had anywhere that depths miles 073° and the south point is 27.5 miles 136°, re- permit. Due consideration should be given to the close spectively, from Sankaty Head Light. A large wreck proximity of shoals and possibility of dragging due to area, marked by a lighted gong buoy, is near the south- the winds and currents. Generally it has been found ern part of Fishing Rip. A wreck and a submerged ob- best to avoid the deeper channels and, when rougher struction are also near the southern portion of the rip water is experienced, to anchor in the lee of a shoal, in about 41°00.0'N., 69°27.0'W. and 41°01.0'N., which would tend to knock down the heavier swells. A 69°29.7'W., respectively. scope of five to one or greater should always be used. (139) The unmarked channel westward of Fishing Rip is North Atlantic Right Whales obstructed by three shoals in the northern section (130) Endangered North Atlantic right whales may occur which have least-found depths of 7½, 4½, and 10 fath- oms. In the southern part of this channel are four along the northern edge of Georges Bank (peak season: shoals with depths of 8 to 10 fathoms. June through July). (See North Atlantic Right Whales, indexed as such, this chapter, for more information on (140) Davis Bank, the innermost of the outer Nantucket right whales and recommended measures to avoid col- Shoals, is bow-shaped and has depths of 2¾ to 10 fath- lisions with whales.) oms of water over it. The bank is about 30 miles long (131) Georges Bank Closure Areas, Marine Protected Ar- north and south and has a greatest width of 4 miles. eas (MPAs), extend S and E of Cape Cod to the boundary The wreck of the vessel PROGRESS is off the inner edge with the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). (See Appen- of the bank about 13 miles north-northeastward of the dix C, for additional information.) Nantucket Lightship southern end of the bank. Closed Areas include waters S and E of Nantucket Is- land extending to the west edge of Georges Bank. (See (141) The channel westward of Davis Bank is marked on Appendix C, for additional information.) its west side by lighted and unlighted buoys. A radar beacon (Racon) is at the northernmost lighted buoy. (132) Nantucket Shoals Lighted Whistle Buoy N The use of this channel should be restricted to clear (40°30'09\"N., 69°14'48\"W.) is about 57 miles south-south- weather due to the strong currents encountered eastward of Nantucket Island. The buoy is equipped throughout this area. with a fog signal and a racon. Chart 13200 (133) This buoy is located inside the traffic separation zone of the traffic separation lanes of “Eastern Ap- (142) The inner Nantucket Shoals all lie within the proach Off Ambrose” to the “Traffic Separation Scheme 10-fathom curve. The area is very foul. Only a few of the Off New York”. (See charts 12300 and 13006.) shoals are described. Davis South Shoal, about 20 miles south-southeast of Sankaty Head, consists of two (134) Nantucket Shoals is made up of the following parts: spots of 2¾ and 2½ fathoms about 1.5 miles apart. (135) Phelps Bank, the southeasternmost part of the (143) Old South Shoal, consisting of two spots of 2½ Nantucket Shoals, is about 6.5 miles long and 2.5 miles fathoms with a 2-fathom spot and foul ground between wide. A lighted whistle buoy, marking the entrance to them, is about 13.5 miles southeast of Sankaty Head. the Boston Harbor Traffic Separation Scheme, is about This shoal is unmarked. 12 miles eastward of Phelps Bank. (136) Asia Rip, the shoalest point of the bank with 5¾ Charts 13200, 13237 fathoms, is at the southern end. The wreck of the SS OREGON, covered 3¼ fathoms, is at 40°45'N., 69°19'W., (144) Great Rip, about 13 miles east-southeast of 3 miles south-southeastward of Asia Rip. Sankaty Head, has depths of 1 to 2¾ fathoms. This shoal is about 7 miles long north and south and 1 to 2
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 175 miles wide. About 1.5 miles westward of Great Rip and peak period of right whale occurrence (April through separated from it by depths of 14 to 19 fathoms is an July). When the area cannot be avoided, the following unnamed and unmarked shoal of 1½ to 2½ fathoms. precautionary guidelines are recommended to reduce Breakers are usually observed on the shoal. the risk of ship strikes: (145) Rose and Crown is a boot-shaped shoal with its (150) (a) Maintain a sharp watch with lookouts familiar southern end about 10.5 miles east of Sankaty Head. with spotting whales. The shoal extends about 5 miles northward and then 3 (151) (b) Monitor NAVTEX or NOAA Weather Radio miles westward. Depths of 1¼ and 1½ fathoms are transmissions for information on the location of right found in the leg of the boot, a depth of ½ fathom and whales sighted in the vicinity. Local ships’ pilots may marked by a lighted whistle buoy northeastward of it also provide such information when it is available. forms the heel, and a depth of 1¼ fathoms is found in (152) (c) Reduce speed to 10 knots or less when consis- the toe. Northward of the toe of Rose and Crown is a tent with safe navigation. (See North Atlantic Right shoal with foul ground and spots of 1½ and 2½ fath- whales, indexed as such, chapter 3, for more informa- oms. Rose and Crown breaks heavily. tion on right whales and recommended measures to (146) Bass Rip, about 2.5 miles eastward of Sankaty avoid collisions with whales.) Head, is about 3.5 miles long north and south. A depth (153) Restricted Lobster and Gillnet Marine Protected of ½ fathom is 3 miles 115° from the light. The north- Areas (MPAs) are in Great South Channel. (See Appen- ern end of the shoal has a depth of 2 fathoms. Old Man dix C, for additional information.) Shoal extends 4.5 miles southwestward from a point 1.5 miles off the southeastern end of Nantucket Island. (154) Submarine canyons are indentations in the edge of Depths of 1¼ to 2¾ fathoms are found on this shoal. the Continental Shelf which is bounded on its seaward (147) McBlair Shoal, the northernmost of the Nantucket side by the 100-fathom curve. They may be traced from Shoals and marked on its northern side by lighted depths of 1,000 fathoms or more to the shoaler areas of buoys, forms part of the southern side of Great Round the Continental Shelf. The navigator who has available Shoal Channel. Depths on this shoal vary from 2¼ to some means of echo sounding should have in mind the 3½ fathoms. various canyons found in this locality. The soundings (148) Great South Channel is the passage between the in crossing them are very characteristic in each case, easternmost of the Nantucket Shoals and the western- and such soundings may be used to determine the ves- most shoal spots of Georges Bank. The approximate sel’s position with considerable accuracy. center of the channel extends from 40°36'N., 68°55'W. to 41°38'N., 68°55'W. The channel is about 27 miles (155) The names of some of the most important subma- wide and has depths of 19 fathoms and greater rine canyons are shown on the charts. The longitude throughout, with lesser depths along the eastern and following the name is approximate and only given to western edges. The Great South Channel is a feeding assist in locating the feature on the chart. Corsair Can- area for endangered North Atlantic right whales in yon, 66°10'W., on the eastern side of Georges Bank, has spring and summer (peak season: April through July). a northwesterly trend. On the southern side and toward However, mariners should note that right whales may the western end of Georges Bank, having a northerly occur in this area year-round. trend, are Lydonia Canyon, 67°40'W.; Gilbert Canyon, 67°50'W.; Oceanographer Canyon, 68°05'W.; and North Atlantic Right Whales Welker Canyon, 68°30'W. Southeastward and south- (149) Great South Channel lies within the federally des- ward of Nantucket Shoals, having a northerly trend, are Hydrographer Canyon, 69°00'W.; Veatch Canyon, ignated critical habitat for North Atlantic right whales, 69°35'W.; and Atlantis Canyon, 70°15'W. Block Can- the most endangered large whale species in the world yon, 71°20'W., is south-southeasterly of Block Island (fewer than 350 animals). (See chart 13200). These Sound and has a north-northwesterly trend. Hudson slow moving animals are vulnerable to collisions with Canyon, 72°20'W., extends northwestward to the mouth ships, which is the leading cause of human-related of the Hudson River. The inshore section of this canyon mortality for North Atlantic right whales. In some is called Mud Gorge. years, more than a third of the remaining population of North Atlantic right whales can be found in the Great Wrecks South Channel at any one time. It is illegal to approach (156) Many vessels have been wrecked along this coast as closer than 500 yards of any right whale. (See 50 CFR 224.103(c), chapter 2, for limits and regulation.) It is a result of collision, foundering, and other causes. Most recommended that all large vessels (over 100 gross of the offshore wrecks have been located and wire tons) avoid operating in the critical habitat during the dragged to determine the least depth over the highest projecting part. Dangerous wrecks for the most part
176 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 are marked by buoys of various colors and shapes and (163) The mariner should be acquainted with the general often show a quick-flashing or an interrupted and specific regulations for drawbridges over water- quick-flashing light. ways to be transited. (157) Many vessels have grounded in fog on the south side of Long Island and on Block Island. Probably many Routes of these wrecks could have been avoided if frequent (164) Approaching this section of the coast is dangerous soundings had been taken in approaching the coast. Vessels equipped to do so should make good use of the for all vessels because of the off-lying banks and shoals, electronic aids to navigation systems along the coast to the strong and variable currents, frequency of fog, and check their position frequently. the broken nature of the bottom. Soundings alone are of little value in establishing the position of a vessel, Lobster pots but the depth should be checked frequently to ensure (158) The coastal waters contain numerous lobster pots. that the vessel clears all dangers. (165) In thick weather especially, the greatest caution is Small painted wooden buoys of various designs and col- necessary, and vessels equipped to do so should make ors, secured by small lines, float on the surface; in some good and timely use of the electronic aids to navigation cases a second buoy, usually an unpainted wooden stick systems to check their position frequently. The depth or bottle and difficult to see, is attached to the lobster should never be shoaled to less than 15 fathoms with- pot. These buoys extend from shore out to, and in many out an accurate fix having been obtained, and it is ad- cases across, the sailing routes. Small yachts and mo- visable to remain offshore in depths of 20 fathoms or tor boats are cautioned against fouling them, which is more. liable to result in a sprung shaft or lost propeller. (166) The part of Georges Bank lying between latitude Fishtraps and fish havens are discussed in chapter 1. 41°05'N., and 42°00'N., and longitude 67°17'W., and 68°35'W. should be avoided. In heavy weather the sea (159) Fishweirs are numerous along the outside coast breaks on the spots with 10 fathoms or less, and strong and inside waters. The stakes often become broken off tide rips are encountered. The tide rips do not always and form a hazard to navigation, especially at night. indicate shoal water. The areas within which fishweirs are permitted have (167) Vessels passing southward of the dangerous part of been established under Federal authority and are Georges Bank should keep in 30 fathoms or more. Ap- shown on charts of 1:80,000 scale and larger. The exact proaching this part of the bank from eastward or south- locations of the weirs within the designated areas are ward, the water shoals gradually. Approaching from the not shown. Strangers should proceed with caution westward, the depths are irregular and the water shoals when crossing areas of possible fishweirs, and should abruptly in places of 20 fathoms or less. On the north avoid crossing such areas at night. side of Georges Bank between longitudes 66°00'W., and 68°00'W., the 100-fathom and 50-fathom curves are (160) Danger zones have been established within the only a few miles apart, and when approaching the dan- area of this Coast Pilot. (See Part 334, chapter 2, for gerous part of the bank from northward 50 fathoms limits and regulations.) may be taken as a good depth to avoid the shoals. (168) Vessels equipped with echo sounding devices and Drawbridges following the 100-fathom curve along the south side of (161) The general regulations that apply to all draw- Georges Bank can frequently verify their position when crossing the several submarine gorges or canyons. bridges are given in 117.1 through 117.49, chapter 2, (169) Approaching New York from the vicinity of and the specific regulations that apply only to certain Nantucket Shoals Lighted Whistle Buoy N, a slight al- drawbridges are given in Part 117, Subpart B, chapter lowance should be made for a southwesterly set of the 2. Where these regulations apply, references to them current. Should the wind be easterly, it is customary to are made in the Coast Pilot under the name of the allow, in order to make a course good, a set of the cur- bridge or the waterway over which the bridge crosses. rent with it of at least 0.5 knot. (162) The drawbridge opening signals (see 117.15, chap- (170) The North Atlantic Lane Routes are described in ter 2) have been standardized for most drawbridges NV PUB. 106, Atlas of Pilot Charts, North Atlantic within the United States. The opening signals for those Ocean (including the Gulf of Mexico), published by few bridges that are nonstandard are given in the spe- the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Washing- cific drawbridge regulations. The specific regulations ton, D.C. also address matters such as restricted operating hours (171) Deep-draft vessels coming from Cape Hatteras, and required advance notice for openings. Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, or New York usually
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 177 make Nantucket Shoals Lighted Whistle Buoy N, Wind currents thence through Great South Channel to Cape Cod or (177) Wind currents are very complicated. Their veloci- the Gulf of Maine. (172) Vessels of medium draft coming from the south- ties and directions depend upon a number of factors ward, or southbound from Boston or ports farther east, such as velocity, direction, and duration of the wind, may use Cape Cod Canal, or Vineyard and Nantucket the proximity of the coast and the direction of the Sounds via Pollock Rip Channel. Great Round Shoal coastline. Generally in the Northern Hemisphere the Channel is also available, but seldom used, as an en- wind-driven current sets somewhat to the right of the trance to or exit from Nantucket Sound. The control- wind, but in coastal waters there are many exceptions ling depth for these passages is from 27 to 32 feet. They to this general rule, the current often setting to the left avoid Nantucket Shoals and are used by coasting ves- of the wind, due to the tendency of the current to follow sels. Small vessels and pleasure craft usually pass the direction of the coastline or to other local condi- through Long Island Sound when proceeding coast- tions. wise. (178) The velocity of the current relative to that of the wind also varies with the location. It follows, therefore, Currents that local wind current information is desirable. Such (173) The Tidal Current Tables should be consulted for information based upon extensive current and wind ob- servations at a number of stations is given in the Tidal specific information about times, directions, and veloc- Current Tables. ities of the current at the numerous locations through- (179) The largest current velocities likely to occur dur- out the area. It must be borne in mind that the current ing storms at a number of locations offshore and in the to which a vessel is subjected at any time is the combi- sounds are given as follows: Pollock Rip Entrance nation of tidal current, wind current, and other cur- Lighted Whistle Buoy PR, 2.5 knots; Stone Horse rents such as those due to drainage or oceanic Shoal, 4 knots; Great Round Shoal Channel Entrance circulation. Lighted Horn Buoy GRS, Nantucket Entrance, 2.5 (174) Away from the immediate vicinity of the shore, the knots; 3 miles north of Nantucket Shoals Lighted tidal currents are generally rotary. They shift direction, Whistle Buoy N, 2.5 knots; Cross Rip Shoal, 2.5 knots; usually clockwise, at an average rate of about 30° an Hedge Fence Lighted Gong Buoy 22, Nantucket Sound, hour. They attain velocities of 1 to 2.4 knots or more 2.5 knots; 3.3 miles southwestward of Cuttyhunk throughout the Nantucket Shoals-Georges Bank area, Light, 2 knots; Brenton Reef, 1.5 knots; 0.5 mile south the larger velocities occurring generally over the of Bartlett Reef, Long Island Sound, 2.5 knots; 3 miles shoaler parts of the area. Between Nantucket Island southward of Cornfield Point, 4 knots; 3 miles north of and Sandy Hook their velocities generally do not ex- Nantucket Traffic Lane Lighted Whistle Buoy NB, 1.5 ceed 0.5 knot except in the vicinities of the entrances to knots; Ambrose Light, 2 knots. the larger bays and inland waterways, where the veloci- ties increase as the entrances are approached. For con- Weather, Cape Cod to Sandy Hook siderable distances from the entrances, strengths of (180) From Georges Bank and the shoals of Nantucket to flood and ebb set, respectively, toward and away from those entrances, and minimums of velocity, corre- New York Harbor, fog, currents, winds and waves are sponding to the slacks of reversing currents, set at constant threats to safe navigation. The following text right angles to the directions of the flood and ebb describes the weather problems that face the mariner strengths. when navigating these waters. This section presents an (175) Offshore and away from the influence of the tidal overall, seasonal picture of the weather that can be ex- flow into and out of the Gulf of Maine and the larger pected in the offshore waters along the coast of the bays, the tidal current maintains an approximate uni- mid-Atlantic region from Cape Cod, MA, to Sandy form velocity. Shifting its direction continuously to the Hook, NJ. Detailed information, particularly concern- right, it sets in all directions of the compass during ing navigational weather hazards, can be found in the each tidal cycle of 12.4 hours. weather articles in the following chapters. (176) In the offshore area between Cape Cod and Sandy (181) All weather articles in this volume are the product Hook there is a resultant southward drift which is of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) stronger in winter than in summer and has an average and the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The velocity less than 0.1 knot. meteorological and climatological tables are the prod- uct of the NCDC. Both centers are entities of the Na- tional Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmo- spheric Administration (NOAA). If further information
178 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 is needed in relation to the content of the weather arti- (185) The major winter storm track runs in a line approx- cles, meteorological tables or climatological tables, imately from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod. Most of the contact the National Climatic Data Center, Attn: Cus- storms that follow this track intensify; the center of in- tomer Service Division, Federal Building, 151 Patton tensification is off Delaware Bay. In addition to the Avenue, Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801-5001. You may forecast, certain atmospheric changes indicate a storm also contact the CSD at 828-271-4994, or fax your re- is approaching. The most dependable early indicator is quest to 828-271-4876. falling pressure. A definite weather change is likely if (182) Climatological tables for coastal locations, meteo- you observe pressure falls exceeding 2 mb every 3 rological tables for the coastal ocean areas, and a table hours; a drop of 5 mb/3 hours indicates a strong change of mean surface water temperatures and densities rele- while 10 mb/3 hours warns of an impending extreme vant to locations discussed within this volume are in event. Appendix B. The climatological tables are a special ex- traction from the International Station Meteorological (186) As a storm approaches, winds strengthen, clouds Climate Summary. The ISMCS is a CD-ROM jointly thicken and lower and precipitation begins. Early in produced by the National Climatic Data Center, Fleet the storm’s life wind waves can become steep very Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Detach- quickly, making it difficult to reach port especially ment-Asheville, and the U.S. Air Force Environmental when you have to navigate an inlet where breaking Technical Applications Center, Operating Location-A. waves are treacherous. In deeper waters, waves can The meteorological tables for the ocean areas are com- build to over 20 feet. During winter the possibility of piled from observations made by ships in passage and superstructure icing calls for an early course of action extracted from the National Climatic Data Center’s based upon the latest forecast and a knowledge of your Tape Deck-1129, Surface Marine Observations. Listed vessel. in Appendix A are National Weather Service offices and radio stations which transmit weather information. Cold Fronts (183) Marine Weather Services Charts published by the (187) This weather hazard usually approaches from the National Weather Service show radio stations that transmit marine weather broadcasts and additional in- west through north. Ahead of the front, winds are usu- formation of interest to mariners. These charts are for ally squally and often blow out of the south through sale by the National Ocean Service Distribution Divi- southwest. Cirrus clouds give way to Altocumulus or sion (N/ACC3). (See Appendix A for address.) Altostratus and Nimbostratus, then Cumulonimbus. Pressure falls moderately and showers, and perhaps Extratropical Cyclones thunderstorms, occur. Seas become choppy. With the (184) One of the biggest problems in these waters is the frontal passage winds shift rapidly to the west and northwest. Strong gusts and squalls continue. Clearing winter storm; the most powerful of these is the usually occurs a short distance behind the front as the “Nor’easter”. It generates rough seas, strong winds and cold air moves in. Cold fronts can move through the high tides that threaten safety at sea and cause damage area quite rapidly. Their speed varies from about 10 to in port. These storms do not often come without warn- 20 knots in summer up to 40 knots in winter. From ing. Approaching from the U.S. mainland or from the spring through fall these fronts are often preceded by seas to the south they are usually well forecasted. Diffi- dense fog. culty arises when they develop or deepen explosively off (188) During the spring and summer when the air ahead the mid-Atlantic coast. Sometimes called “Hatteras of the cold front may be very unstable, a line of thun- Storms”, these lows can grow from small, weak frontal derstorms, known as a squall line, may develop. These waves to full blown systems in less than 24 hours. Not instability lines can form 50 to 300 miles ahead of a fast only can their circulation expand to cover most of the moving front. They may even contain tornados or wa- western North Atlantic but they often accelerate rap- terspouts. These storms can inflict considerable dam- idly northeastward. In the exposed waters these storms age on fishing vessels and small craft. can generate 40-foot (12 m) waves and hurricane force winds. Each year more than 40 extratropical systems Tropical Cyclones move across or close to this coast. They average about (189) A tropical cyclone is a warm core, low pressure sys- two to four per month, but as many as ten can affect the region in a single month. Most systems are weak but a tem that develops over tropical oceans. It exhibits a ro- few generate gales and rough seas for hundreds of tary, counterclockwise circulation in the Northern miles, particularly from September through April. Hemisphere around a center or “eye”. In small tropical cyclones the diameter of the area of destructive winds may not exceed 25 miles while in the greatest storms the diameter may reach 500 miles. At the center is a
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 179 comparatively calm, sometimes clear, area known as peak in August, September and October. Early and the eye. The diameter of the eye can vary from about 5 pre-season storms, from May through mid-July, are to 25 miles. Winds are usually strongest near the cen- most likely to originate in the western Caribbean Sea ter. They can reach 175 knots or more in an intense and Gulf of Mexico. From mid-July through late Sep- hurricane. In the North Atlantic Region (West Indies, tember this development is spread through the main Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and waters off the U.S. basin of the tropical Atlantic and a much more persis- East Coast) the following terminology is used in tropi- tent westerly movement is noticeable. From late Sep- cal cyclone warnings issued by the National Hurricane tember through November, activity gradually confines Center (National Weather Service): itself to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. A northerly (190) (1) Tropical Depression.–An organized system of movement, similar to early season storms, becomes clouds and thunderstorms with a defined circulation more apparent. However, because of the large reservoir and maximum sustained winds of 38 miles per hour (33 of heat available at the end of the season, these storms knots) or less. are often more intense than their early season counter- (191) (2) Tropical Storm.–An organized system of strong parts. thunderstorms with a defined circulation and maximum (197) The most common path is curved, the storms first sustained winds between 39 and 73 miles per hour (34 moving in a general westward direction, turning later to 63 knots). to the northwestward and finally toward the northeast. (192) (3) Hurricane.–An intense tropical weather system A considerable number, however, remain in low lati- with a well-defined circulation and a maximum sus- tudes and do not turn appreciably toward the north. tained wind speed of 74 miles per hour (64 knots) or Freak movements are not uncommon, and there have greater. been storms that described loops, hairpin-curved (193) While the following term is not normally used in paths, and other irregular patterns. Movement toward tropical cyclone advisories it may appear in related the southeast is rare, and, in any case, of short dura- products. tion. The entire Caribbean area, the Gulf of Mexico, the (194) (1) Tropical Wave.–A minor tropical disturbance in coastal regions bordering these bodies of water, and the the easterly trade winds, which could develop into a Atlantic Coast are subject to these storms during the tropical depression but lacks evidence of a closed circu- hurricane season. lation; also known as easterly wave. (198) The average speed of movement of tropical cy- (195) Along the coast, greater damage may be inflicted by clones is about 10 to 15 knots. This speed, however, var- water than by wind. Prolonged winds blowing toward ies considerably according to the storm’s location, shore can increase water levels from about 3 to 10 feet development and the associated surface and upper air (1 to 3 m) above normal. This storm tide may begin patterns. The highest rates of speed usually occur in when the tropical cyclone center is 500 miles or more the middle and higher latitudes and range up to 40 to away. It gradually increases until the winds change di- 50 knots. Storms are slowest during recurvature or rection. On top of this the low pressure in the storm’s when looping. They can also become stationary in the center can create a ridge or wall of water known as a absence of steering currents. surge. This will move in the direction of the storm’s movement and can be disastrous. The effect may be Hurricane Warnings and Forecasts similar to that of a tsunami (seismic sea wave) caused (199) The civilian hurricane warning service for the by earthquakes in the ocean floor. Storm surges can push these tides to 20 feet (6.1 m) or more above nor- North Atlantic is provided by the National Hurricane mal. About 3 to 4 feet (1 to 1.2 m) of this is due to the Center/Tropical Prediction Center, Miami, Florida. It decrease of atmospheric pressure and the rest to the collates ship, aircraft, radar and satellite data to pro- strong winds. Additional water damage results from duce and issue tropical cyclone warnings and forecasts the pounding of sea and swell. Torrential rains, gener- for the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean ated by tropical cyclones, can cause both flash floods Sea and Gulf of Mexico as well as the Eastern North Pa- and river floods from inland rains. cific Ocean. Its principal product is the Tropical Cy- clone Advisory message especially tailored for Marine, Tropical Cyclone climatology Aviation, Military and public interests. They are issued (196) In an average season nine or ten tropical cyclones every 6-hours with intermediate bulletins provided when needed. develop and five of these reach hurricane strength; (200) For tropical storms and hurricanes threatening to about two hurricanes reach the U.S. While they may cross the coast of the U.S., coastal warnings are issued develop in any month, June through November is gen- to the public by the National Hurricane Center through erally considered the tropical cyclone season, with a local Hurricane Warning Offices in order that defense
180 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 against damage, and perhaps evacuation, can be im- know the sheltering capabilities of the port that is planted. Two levels of warnings are employed. The being considered and the speed of advance of tropical “Hurricane Watch” is a preliminary alert that a hurri- cyclones in the latitudes that you may be sailing. When cane may threaten a specified portion of the coast. It is the tropical cyclone speeds approach or exceed vessel issued approximately 36 hours before landfall could oc- speed, options become limited. cur. The second level is the “Hurricane Warning”, (203) Of the 117 tropical cyclones that threatened New which indicates that hurricane conditions are expected York from 1842-1995, 100 occurred from August within 24 hours in advance of landfall. It is aimed at through October with the main threat in September. providing the best compromise between timeliness and The hurricane (winds> 64 knots) threat has a peak in accuracy for civil defense purposes so that its warning August and September; 81 of the 117 hurricanes oc- may be too late to allow ocean-going vessels to get un- curred in those months. Tropical cyclones usually derway and complete a successful evasion in open wa- move in from the south or southwest. During this same ter. To compensate for this, the Marine Advisory period New Haven was threatened by 108 tropical cy- contains additional guidance in the form of probabili- clones, 91 of which occurred from August through Oc- ties of hurricane strikes, for coastal locations and even tober. Hurricanes are most likely during August and offshore coordinates, and storm position forecasts for September when 75 out of the total of 108 occurred. up to 72 hours in advance. The direction of approach is most likely from the south or southwest. Because of the natural protection offered Hurricane Havens by the shape of the coast from Cape Cod to Cape (201) This section is condensed from the Hurricane Ha- Hatteras, most recurving storms either make landfall south of Hatteras or pass New England well offshore to vens Handbook for the North Atlantic Ocean pub- the southeast. The majority of storms pass well to the lished by the Marine Meteorology Division, Naval southeast of New England, following the Gulf Stream. Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 93943, and avail- Occasionally storms accelerate on a more northerly able on the internet at https://www.cnmoc.navy.mil/. track similar to the disastrous hurricane of 1938, While this study concentrates on New York, NY, New which advanced rapidly up the east coast, offshore near London, CT, and Newport, RI, the climatology and prin- Hatteras, across central Long Island, into Connecticut ciples of navigation can be applied to the entire region; and finally through Vermont. This hurricane’s forward the navigation information can be applied to winter speed reached 52 knots, an advance that would be diffi- storms as well. For practical purposes any tropical cy- cult to prepare for, even with today’s sophisticated clone that approaches within 180 miles is considered a warning methods. It is the exceptionally fast-moving “threat”. Data is also incorporated from the Global storm that poses the greatest threat. For example, Tropical/Extratropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas CD-ROM based on climatology, a September storm located off jointly produced by the National Climatic Data Center Miami would reach New York in about 3 or 4 days. How- and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanogra- ever, the 1938 hurricane traveled this distance in about phy Detachment-Asheville. 30 hours. Tropical cyclones tend to accelerate as they (202) The classical doctrine held by most mariners is that move north of about 30°N. Forward speeds range from ocean-going ships should leave ports that are threat- 25 to 30 knots for those crossing the New York – New ened by a hurricane. Despite this natural caution, ships England coast compared to 20 to 25 knots for those continue to be damaged in port or after leaving port, as passing offshore to the southeast. a result of tropical cyclone encounters. This often (204) Since wind records were available in the New York stems from the difficulty in forecasting tropical cy- Harbor area, sustained winds have reached hurricane clone movement, although these forecasts have im- force (64 knots) only once. The September 1944 hurri- proved significantly in the past two decades. In addition cane produced 64-knot winds at Central Park and to evaluating the forecast it is necessary to assess the 70-knot winds at La Guardia. Other hurricanes that risks of remaining in port or putting to sea according to have caused considerable damage were storms in Sep- the circumstances of the threat, the facilities of the tember 1821, September 1938, August 1954 (Carol) port and the capabilities of the vessel and crew. For an and September 1960 (Donna). During a recent 44-year evaluation as to a course of action, several factors are period along the Connecticut-Rhode Island coast, three important. The risk of a particular port experiencing a hurricanes produced winds that have been estimated to hurricane is often dependent on seasonal and geographic have reached at least minimal hurricane strength. The influences. Forecasts of hurricane movements are 1944 hurricane, Carol and the 1938 storm were the more reliable in some areas, particularly the lower lati- three. The 1938 storm was the worst as winds in the tudes. In the mid-latitudes where storms are often re- New London area were estimated at 78 to 87 knots. curving, the difficulty increases. It is important to
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 181 (205) In addition to strong winds, the hurricane brings lower western shore of the main harbor is very exposed rough seas, heavy rains, and storm surges. New York’s to southeast through south winds. The entire harbor is Lower Bay is subject to wave action due to an open subject to the possibility of major storm surge flooding. quadrant, east through south, to the Atlantic. The size The port of Newport is located inside Narragansett Bay, and depth of the bay also provide sufficient fetch for a which has deep water anchorages within its confines. strong wind to generate destructive waves. Deep ocean Although these anchorages are not well sheltered from swells approaching from the open quadrant would be winds, they have proven hurricane haven properties for reduced by shoals at the entrance to Lower Bay, be- ships able to steam at anchor. tween Sandy Hook and Rockaway Point. Upper Bay, (208) Flooding associated with hurricane-induced high Newark Bay, lower Hudson River and East River are tides is the principle threat to small craft in the area. subject to limited wave action. Long Island Sound is a They should be hoisted and secured ashore above pro- deep water sound with a generous fetch in an east-west jected flood levels whenever possible. Best protection is direction. New London Harbor is well protected from inside some type of storage building to prevent possible wave action. Although a west wind can produce large damage by flying objects or to prevent the possibility of seas in the Sound they are greatly reduced on entering broken tie-downs in high winds. Local knowledge is the the harbor channel. Within Narragansett Bay wave ac- best guide to weathering a storm in small harbors. tion is severely limited by short fetch for most wind di- rections. Wave action generated within the Bay will Waves create minimal problems for ships at anchor if the (209) In late March of 1984 a 968-mb Low off the New scope of chain employed is set to give the best riding conditions. Jersey coast generated a 33-foot (10.1 m) wave at Buoy 44005 (42.7°N., 68.3°W) while Buoy 41002 (40.1°N., (206) Storm tides can produce a high water level, which 73.0°W) measured a 47-foot (14.3 m) wave during Glo- in addition to inundating coastal areas, may allow wind ria in September 1985. Systems similar to these are waves to cause destruction in areas normally unaf- partly responsible for the rough seas encountered fected by waves. Combined storm surge and tide have along this coast from September through April. The produced water levels of over 10 feet (3 m) above mean Buoy closest to the area, 44003, (40.8°N., 68.5°W), in low water in the New York Harbor area and levels 10 years of operation has measured a 29-foot (8.8 m) greater than 15 feet (4.6 m) above mean low water in wave in February and 25-foot (7.6 m) waves from Octo- western Long Island Sound. New London is one of the ber through April. It has been estimated that over the few east coast ports to have experienced a major storm open waters along this coast maximum significant surge in this century. The storm surge of September waves should reach 30 feet (9 m). The table below (ex- 21, 1938 hit New London as an apparent tidal bore (wall tracted from Marine Weather of Western Washington. of water) causing considerable destruction. This surge Kenneth E. Lilly, Jr., Commander, NOAA, Starpath was slightly greater than that expected once in a hun- School of Navigation, 1983) shows the relationship be- dred years and was likely due to the fast moving nature tween significant and other wave heights. of this hurricane. At Newport storm tides were mea- (210) This table can be used to project a range of wave sured at 10.8 feet (3.3 m) above mean sea level during heights that might be expected in deep water. If signifi- the 1938 hurricane. The top winter extratropical storm cant wave heights of 10 feet (3 m) are forecast then the produced a 6.0-ft (1.8 m) surge on the 30th of Novem- most frequently observed waves should be 5- to 6-foot ber, 1963. (1.7 to 1.8 m) range while one wave in 100 should reach 17 feet. (207) In summary, New York Harbor is recommended as a hurricane haven. It is a large national harbor with Wave Heights from Significant Wave Heights (SWH) many excellent berthing facilities and good deep-water anchorages. Natural topographic features and numer- Most frequent wave heights: 0.5 x SWH ous man-made structures offer good wind protection. The bathymetry and orientation of the harbor relative Average wave heights: 0.6 x SWH to the normal path of hurricanes tend to mitigate the wind wave and ocean swell danger although storm Significant wave heights (average height 1.0 x SWH surge is a sufficient threat. The main New London har- of highest 33%): bor is not a haven for most vessels during a hurricane although the inner harbor is considered safe for most Height of highest 10% of the waves: 1.3 x SWH ships. The surrounding topography provides some pro- tection from east through southeast winds for the east- One wave in 1,175 waves: 1.9 x SWH ern shore of the main and inner harbor, however the One wave in 300,000 waves: 2.5 x SWH
182 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (211) A giant or rogue wave might reach 25 feet (7.6 m) pitching period–this often occurs at or near normal in these circumstances. These rogue or “killer” waves ship speeds. occur when the large number of different waves that (215) When in running before a following sea, the great- make up a sea occasionally reinforce each other. This est danger arises when speed is equal to that of the action creates a wave that is much steeper and higher waves or when the waves overtake the ship so slowly than the surrounding waves. These rogue waves often that an almost static situation is created with the vessel occur in a stormy sea and are described by mariners lying on the wave crest. In this latter case stability is so who have experienced them, as coming out of nowhere reduced that a small vessel could capsize. Waves on the and disappearing just as quickly. If significant wave quarter or astern can also result in very poor steering heights are observed at 20 feet (6.1 m) then a rogue quality. As seas move along the vessel from aft to for- wave could reach 50 feet (15.2 m) if the water depth ward the rudder is less effective and the boat may be could support it. slewed across the face of a sea filling the decks with wa- ter as she broaches. She could lose her stability and (212) Rough sea conditions are usually generated by capsize, particularly if the boat is trimmed by the head. gales out of the northwest through northeast. Waves greater than 8 feet (2.4 m) occur about 10 to 15 percent Winds of the time in winter. From fall through spring, wave (216) Migratory weather systems cause winds that fre- heights of more than 7 feet (2.1 m) frequently last one day or more; in midwinter they often last 2 days or quently change in strength and direction. In general more. In addition to coastal storms, cold fronts with winds are generally westerly but often take on a north- rapidly shifting winds can create dangerous seas. erly component in winter and a southerly one in sum- mer. Strongest winds are generated by lows and cold (213) Steep waves are often more dangerous than high fronts in fall and winter and by fronts and thunder- waves with a gentle slope. Waves appear menacing storms during spring and summer. Extreme winds are when the ratio of wave height to length reaches about usually associated with a hurricane or severe north- 1/18. They begin to break when this ratio is about 1/10. easter and could reach 125 knots. Sustained winds of Steepest waves develop when strong winds first begin 100 knots should occur about every 50 years on the av- to blow or early in a storm’s life. The ship no longer erage; gusts are usually about 30 percent higher. rides easily but is slammed. Steep waves are particu- (217) In the open seas, away from the influence of land, larly dangerous to small craft. When wave heights are winds are stronger and less complex. From December greater than 5 feet, periods of less than 6 seconds can through March they are mainly out of the west through create problems for boats under 100 feet in length. north with gales occurring about 6 to 12 percent of the Waves of 10 feet or more with periods of 6 to 10 seconds time. Windspeeds, in general, increase with distance can affect comfort in 100- to 200-foot (30.5 to 61 m) from the coast. If winds persist for a long time over a vessels. When wind waves reach 20 feet they become long fetch they will generate rough seas. Winter hazardous to vessels under 200 feet in length and pro- windspeeds of 20 knots or more persist for more than vide a rough ride for larger ships. Waves moving into 12 hours about 50 percent of the time; however these shallow water become steeper and break when the winds often shift and a new fetch is established. Sum- depth is about 1.3 times the wave height. Areas such as mer winds are usually out of the south through south- Nantucket Shoal and Georges Shoals are dangerous in west and gales are infrequent. During the spring and heavy weather. Wave steepness is also increased by tidal fall winds are more variable. currents, particularly when they oppose the wind. (218) Coastal winds are complex since they are influ- enced by the topography. Over land speeds are reduced. (214) Swells can create problems for larger vessels. However channels and headlands can redirect the wind About one-half of the waves of 10 feet (3 m) or more, in and even increase the speed by funneling the wind. In these waters, are swells from distant storms. They are general you will find southerly components in summer uncomfortable to ships that roll or pitch in sympathy. and northerly ones in winter. In sheltered waters like Swells with 500- to 1000-foot (152 to 305 m) wave Buzzard Bay, Narragansett Bay and the harbors of Long lengths affect ships of these lengths. When steaming Island Sound there are a large percentage of calms, par- into such swells a resonance is set up until the bow digs ticularly during the morning hours. When the existing into the waves. The resulting pitch will cause more of a circulation is weak and there is a difference between power loss than a roll caused by a sea. Swells with wave land and water temperature, a land-sea breeze circula- lengths that range from about three-fourths to twice tion may be set up. As the land heats faster than the wa- the ship’s length can have this effect. Pitching is heavi- ter, a sea breeze is established during the day; this est when the ship’s speed produces synchronism be- onshore flow may reach 15 knots or more. At night the tween the period of encounter and the ship’s natural
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 183 land cools more rapidly often resulting in a weak several days in temperatures of 28°F or lower. The ice breeze off the land. In many locations the sea breeze buildup on a trawler can exceed 5 tons per hour. serves to reinforce the prevailing summer wind. (225) A moderate rate of ice accumulation usually occurs when air temperatures are equal to or less than 28°F Visibilities with winds of 13 knots or more. When air temperatures (219) Fog, precipitation, smoke and haze all reduce drop to 16°F or below and winds reach 30 knots or greater, ice collects more rapidly. On a 300- to 500-ton visibilities. Fog is the most restrictive and persistent. It vessel it would accumulate at more than 4 tons per forms when warm, moist air moves across colder water, hour and is called severe. December, January and Feb- when very cold air moves over warmer water, or when ruary are the worst months. The potential for moderate moist air is cooled to near its dew point by radiation or icing exists about 5 to 10 percent of the time. rainfall. These conditions can be triggered by a number (226) In addition to sea spray, ice is also caused by freez- of weather situations. ing rain or drizzle and fog in freezing conditions. While (220) Prior to the arrival of a cold front there is often a these two causes could create enough weight on the warm, southerly flow of air across cool Gulf waters re- rigging to cause it to fall, this is minor in comparison sulting in dense fog. Warm or stationary fronts can also with the freezing spray hazard. Icing on the super- bring fog while rainfall from lows and fronts can create structure elevates the center of gravity, decreasing the an evaporation fog. Along the coast radiation fog is metacentric height. It increases the sail area and heel- common on clear, calm nights although it usually ing moment due to wind action. Its non-uniform distri- burns off during the morning hours. In the spring, bution changes the trim. It can hamper steerability and coastal fog may occur near the mouths of rivers and lower ship speed. Icing also creates hazardous deck streams that are fed by cold snowmelt. conditions. (221) Sea temperatures increase, in general, from north (227) If you can’t avoid the weather conditions that cause to south, but the variation is usually only a few degrees icing, experience and research have helped develop over open water. Close to the coast, water temperatures some guidelines. The first two courses of action when are usually warmer in summer and colder in winter encountering potential icing conditions are to seek than offshore readings. Water temperatures in summer shelter from the sea and to steer towards warmer water. range from about 66° to 74°F (18.9 to 23.3°C) while in Once icing has begun it is prudent to slow down winter the range is from about 34° to 37°F (1.1 to 2.8°C). enough so that little or no spray is taken aboard. It is (222) Advection fog is most common in late spring and also important to keep ice from building up by what- early summer when south and southwest winds bring ever means are available. This includes crewmen using warm humid air over the still-cold Labrador Current. tools or baseball bats to remove ice from the deck and Near Georges Bank visibilities fall to less than 1 mile up superstructure. to 30 percent of the time. While these frequencies drop (228) Any effort to control the rate of accumulation will to the southwest, fog remains a problem in this season. buy time. In general heaving to with the bow into the (223) The areas along the coast, at the heads of bays wind and sea as much as possible and varying the within the rivers, may be comparatively clear while fog course slightly to ensure a minimum symmetrical is very thick outside. The frequency of fog over land and build up is a good rule. However, experiments have water is usually in opposition. Land fog is often most shown that on a trawler with its stern to the wind, loss frequent in fall and winter compared to the spring and of stability is only about one-half of that in the ahead summer maximum of sea fog. Consequently figures for condition. When the wind is 30 degrees off the bow the poor visibility at inland or sheltered harbors are no loss of stability is 50 percent greater than in the ahead guide to conditions at sea or in the approaches. condition. Also ice accumulates more rapidly on the windward side causing a heeling into the wind. This Superstructure Icing listing is partially offset by the action of the wind so (224) Heavy winter weather can cause ice to collect on that a shift to a reciprocal course after icing has built up could be disastrous. When ice builds up significantly ships sailing these waters. At its worst superstructure it is important to remember that the removal of one icing can sink a vessel. When air temperature drops be- ton of ice 50 feet from the vessel’s center of gravity is as low the freezing point of sea water (About 28.6°F) effective as removing 10 tons of ice 5 feet above the cen- strong winds and rough seas will cause large amounts ter of gravity. of sea spray to freeze to the superstructure and those parts of the hull that escape a frequent washing by the sea. Ice amounts increase rapidly with falling air and sea temperatures as well as increasing windspeeds. The most dangerous conditions exist when gales last for
184 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 Optical Phenomena are normally seen as broad white bands with faintly col- (229) Optical phenomena range from electromagnetic ored borders. Rainbows are also observed. (233) When atmospheric particles are about equal in size displays to intricate geometrical patterns. The aurora to the wavelength of light, diffraction is likely to occur. and Saint Elmo’s fire are electromagnetic displays. Diffractional phenomena frequently show properties Halos, coronas, parhelia, sun pillars, and related effects similar to those of refraction except for the reversal in are optical phenomena associated with the refraction the spectrum colors, violet now being closest to the and diffraction of light through suspended cloud parti- source of light. The Brocken bow, or glory, appears on cles; mirages, looming, and twilight phenomena such clouds or fog banks as a colored ring around the pro- as the “green flash” are associated with refraction of jected shadow of the observers head. The solar and lu- light through air of varying density. Occasionally, sun- nar coronas, which are observed only through high light is refracted simultaneously by cloud suspensions clouds, resemble the halo except that they may assume and by dense layers of air producing complex symmet- increasingly larger diameters as the size of the particles ric patterns of light around the sun. A mirage is caused decrease. When the light from the sun or the moon is by refraction of light rays in a layer of air whose density diffracted by cirrus or cirrostratus, iridescence may increases or decreases rapidly, near the surface. A sharply delineate the outline of clouds in brilliant marked decrease in density with increasing altitude green, blue, pink, orange, or purple. causes looming, towering, and superior mirages. (234) Refraction of sunlight takes place whenever the in- Looming occurs when objects appear to rise above tervening particles are larger than the wavelength. their true elevation. Objects below the horizon may ac- Thus, sunlight that is reflected from ice crystals is tually be brought into view. This apparent effect often transformed into sun pillars and parhelic circles. When leads to a serious underestimation of horizontal dis- both phenomena occur in combination they form the tances. Unimpressive landmarks, and distant ships may remarkable sun cross. Paricelenci circles are observed acquire startling characteristics through apparent ver- with moonlight. tical stretching; this phenomenon is known as tower- (235) The auroral borealis (northern lights) and St. ing. A superior mirage is so named because of the Elmo’s fire are two types of electrical phenomena appearance of an image above the actual object. Ships sometimes observed in this region. The zone of maxi- have been seen with an inverted image above and an mum auroral frequency extends along the periphery of upright image floating above that. a 20- to 25- degree circle whose center is at the mag- (230) Inferior mirages result from the upward bending of netic pole. Auroras are generally associated with light rays in an unstable air mass. This phenomenon is moonless nights. An artificial maximum exists in win- observed locally whenever a superheated land mass or a ter because of the longer hours of darkness. No conclu- wide expanse of open water is overrun by cold air. sive evidence is available to show that a seasonal Sinking below the horizon, of relatively close objects, variation in the frequency of auroras exists. However, may result in an overestimation of horizontal dis- periods of intense sunspot activity are reflected in a tances. Occasionally, a complicated vertical tempera- maximum occurrence of this electrical phenomenon. ture distribution may transform hilly coastlines into (236) Generally auroras may be classified as having ei- impressive walls of lofty pinnacles. This phenomenon ther a ray structure (rays, streams, draperies, corona) is known as Fata Morgana. On clear days, just as the up- or a nebulous appearance (homogeneous quiet arc, ho- per rim of the sun disappears below the horizon, green mogeneous band, pulsating arcs, pulsating surfaces, light is sometimes refracted from the solar spectrum. diffuse luminous surfaces, and feeble glow). Flaming This brief phenomenon is called the green flash. auroras, which fall in neither category, may be added to (231) Floating ice crystals (cirriform clouds, light snow this list. Moreover, auroras may remain uniformly red, flakes, ice fog, or drifting snow) may cause the refrac- green, or purple, or assume a rapid succession of these tion of light into a variety of faintly colored arcs and ha- colors. Brilliant shifting auroras are invariably accom- los. This phenomenon, which may be recognized from panied by magnetic storms and electrical interference the fact that the red band is closest to the light source, with communications. includes halos, arcs that open toward or away from the (237) St. Elmo’s fire is occasionally observed in this area, sun, mock images, and various geometrical figures that but because of its faintness it is most commonly ob- may be located in various parts of the sky with refer- served during the night hours and on dark overcast ences to the sun. days. These eerie flickers of bluish light are usually (232) Fogbows, resulting from refraction through sus- caused by the unusual electrification of the snow-filled pended water particles, are seen in the region of the sky air, which is most likely when the wind is strong. St. directly opposite from the sun, or the antisolar point. These bows, although occasionally brilliantly colored,
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 185 Elmo’s fire is restricted to the tips of such objects as Under the 1974 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Conven- ship masts, wind vanes, and airplane wings. tion, 17 member-nations agree to share the $5 million annual cost of operating the patrol. The U.S. Coast Dew Point Guard conducts the patrol and maintains IIP records. (238) The temperature at which condensation to water (244) The IIP is coordinated from its operations center at Groton, Connecticut. Its staff numbers 16, including droplets occurs is called the dew point. If this dew point Coast Guard and civil service specialists. The ice season is above freezing, condensation will be in the form of typically runs from February through July, but can last water. When the dew point reaches freezing, ice crys- longer. Flying out of St. John’s, Newfoundland, USCG tals will be deposited on cold surfaces. Knowledge of aircraft cover the ice danger area, a piece of water twice the dew point along with cargo temperature and mois- the size of the State of Texas. Its southern boundary is ture content is vital for hold ventilation decisions. It is the latitude of New York City and it reaches halfway also a parameter used in forecasting fog formation. across the Atlantic with Newfoundland on the north- west and Greenland and Iceland on its north and north- Cargo Care east. A normal flight lasts seven hours and can cover (239) When free air has a dew point temperature higher 35,000 square miles. (245) Once sighted, a berg’s location, size and shape are than the temperature of the surface with which it co- entered into a computer drift model, used until the mes in contact, the air is often cooled sufficiently below berg is re-sighted or melts. The IIP attempts to locate its dew point to release moisture. When this happens and track all icebergs south of the 50th parallel, and on board ship, condensation will take place on rela- particularly those south of 48°N., which may be haz- tively cold cargo or on the ship’s structure within the ardous to navigation near the Grand Banks. When hold where it later drips onto the cargo. Thus, if cargo sighting data is entered into the drift program, pre- is stowed in a cool climate and the vessel sails into dicted positions of bergs are calculated for 1200 UTC. warmer waters, ventilation of the hold with outside air (246) All shipping is requested to assist the IIP by report- will likely lead to sweat damage in any cargo sensitive ing all sightings of ice at once to the IIP through any to moisture. Under such conditions external ventila- U.S. or Canadian Coast Guard communications station. tion should, as a rule, be closed off entirely, unless the Ice sightings reports should include: precise position, cargo generates internal heat, that hazard being size and shape of berg, sea surface temperature, and greater than sweat damage. In the opposite case, when concentration and thickness of sea ice. Reports can be a vessel is loaded during a warm period, and moves into sent to COMINTICEPAT GROTON CT through cooler weather, vulnerable cargo should be ventilated. INMARSAT-C: Code 42. There is no charge for iceberg (240) A safe rule for ventilation directed toward moisture reports made using Code 42. control may be stated as follows: Whenever accurate (247) The IIP Operations Center can be reached by tele- measurements show the outside air has a dew point be- phone at 860-441-2626, or via the Coast Guard Atlantic low the dew point of the air surrounding the cargo to be Area Operations Center at 757-398-6231. protected, such outside air is capable of removing (248) A radio facsimile chart of the area depicting 1200Z moisture from the hold and the ventilation process can ice distribution is broadcast three times daily. A list of be safely started. Whenever the reverse is true, and the the radio stations broadcasting IIP Bulletins and fre- outside dew point is higher than the dew point temper- quencies and times of broadcasts is published annually ature around the cargo, then ventilation will increase in Local Notices to Mariners of the First Coast Guard the moisture content of the hold and may readily result District and in Radio Navigational Aids, Pub. 117, is- in sweating within the ship. The above does not take sued by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. into account possible fumes or gases in the compart- (249) The IIP seeks comment on its services to mariners, ment. In such cases discretion must be used. particularly on the effectiveness of the times and fre- quencies of radio transmissions. Mariners are re- Ice quested to mail facsimile charts received at sea to: (241) (Refer to discussion under ports affected.) (250) International Ice Patrol, 1082 Shennecossett Road, (242) During some winter months or when threatened Groton, CT 06340-6095. The frequency used, time of receipt, and vessel position at time of receipt should be by icing conditions, lighted buoys may be removed indicated. Additional customer comments can be di- from station or replaced by unlighted buoys; unlighted rected to IIP Customer Service at 877-423-7287. buoys, daybeacons and lights on marine sites also may be removed. (See Light List.) (243) The International Ice Patrol (IIP) was formed in 1914 to patrol the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, to detect icebergs, and to warn mariners of their location.
186 ■ Chapter 3 ■ Coast Pilot 2 SIZES OF ICEBERGS Towage (256) Tugs are available at all major ports; they can usu- SIZE HEIGHT LENGTH ally be obtained for the smaller ports on advance notice Growler (feet) (meters) (feet) (meters) if none are available locally. Arrangements for tugs should be made in advance through ships’ agents or the Small (G) 0-3 0-1 0-19 0-5 pilots. (See the text for the ports concerned as to the availability of tugs.) Medium (S) 4-50 1-15 20-200 6-60 Large Vessel Arrival Inspections (M) 51-150 16-45 201-400 61-122 (257) Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricul- (L) 151+ 46+ 401+ 123+ tural quarantine officials are stationed in most major U.S. ports. (See Appendix A for addresses.) Vessels sub- SHAPE TYPES OF ICEBERGS ject to such inspections generally make arrangements Blocky in advance through ships’ agents. Unless otherwise di- Tilted Blocky DESCRIPTION rected, officials usually board vessels at their berths. (258) Harbormasters, where appointed, are mentioned Drydock Steep sides with flat top. Very solid. in the text. They usually have charge of the anchorage Pinnacled Length-height ratio less than 5:1. and berthage of vessels. Dome Tabular Blocky iceberg which has tilted to present Supplies a triangular shape from the side. (259) General supplies, including fuel oil, diesel oil and Eroded such that a large U-shaped slot is fuel, gasoline, water, and marine supplies are available formed with twin columns. Slot extends at the principal ports. Similar items but in more lim- into or near waterline. ited quantities can be obtained at many places men- tioned under descriptions of the different ports. Large central spiral or pyramid. Repairs-salvage-wrecking Large round smooth top. Solid-type ice- (260) Complete facilities for large vessels are available in berg. New York Harbor. The extent and types of facilities at Flat-topped iceberg with length-height other places are shown in the text under the descrip- ratio greater than 5:1. tion of the ports. Principal Ports Small-craft facilities (251) The principal deep-draft commercial ports within (261) There are numerous places where fuel, supplies, the area of this Coast Pilot are: New Bedford and Fall repairs, slips for dockage, and launching ramps are River, Mass.; Tiverton and Providence, R.I.; New Lon- available for small craft. For the various towns and iso- don and Bridgeport, Conn.; New York, Albany and Port lated places, the Coast Pilot includes generalized infor- Jefferson, N.Y.; and Elizabeth and Newark, N.J. mation about marine facilities; details are given in the (252) Other deep-draft facilities are located on Cape Cod series of small-craft charts published for many places. Canal; Narragansett Bay; off Northville and Northport, (262) A vessel of less than 65.6 feet (20 meters) in N.Y., on Long Island Sound; and on the Hudson River length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage between New York City and Albany, N.Y. of a vessel that can safely navigate only within a nar- row channel or fairway. (Navigation Rules, Interna- Pilotage tional-Inland Rule 9(b).) (253) Pilotage, with few minor exceptions, is compulsory Standard Time for all foreign vessels and U.S. vessels under register (263) The area covered by this Coast Pilot uses eastern entering and departing the Port of New York and New Jersey and other ports within the area of this Coast Pi- standard time (e.s.t.), which is 5 hours slow of Green- lot, and for all such vessels transiting Block Island wich mean time (G.m.t.). Example: When it is 1000 at Sound, Narragansett Bay, and Long Island Sound. (See Greenwich it is 0500 at New York City. 207.20, chapter 2, for Pilotage Regulations on the Cape Cod Canal.) Daylight saving time (254) Pilotage is optional for coastwise vessels that have (264) Throughout the area of this Coast Pilot, clocks are on board a pilot properly licensed by the Federal Gov- ernment for the waters which the vessel travels. advanced 1 hour on the second Sunday of March and (255) Arrangements for pilots should be made by the ships’ agents at least 24 hours in advance at all of the ports. New York is the only port at which the pilot boat remains on station. Detailed information on pilotage procedures is given in the text for the ports concerned.
Cape Cod To Sandy Hook ■ Chapter 3 ■ 187 are set back to standard time on the first Sunday of No- (267) Lincoln’s Birthday, February 12: Connecticut, New vember. Jersey, and New York. Legal public holidays (268) Evacuation Day, March 17: Massachusetts, Boston (265) New Year’s Day, January 1; Martin Luther King, and Suffolk County only. Jr.’s Birthday, third Monday in January; Washington’s (269) Good Friday: Connecticut and New Jersey. Birthday, third Monday in February; Memorial Day, last (270) Patriots Day, third Monday in April: Massachusetts. Monday in May; Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, (271) Rhode Island Independence Day, May 4: Rhode Is- first Monday in September; Columbus Day, second Monday in October; Veterans Day, November 11; land. Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November; and (272) Bunker Hill Day, June 17: Massachusetts, Boston Christmas Day, December 25. The national holidays are observed by employees of the Federal Government and and Suffolk County only. the District of Columbia, and may not be observed by (273) Victory Day, second Monday in August: Rhode Is- all the States in every case. (266) In addition, the following holidays are also ob- land. served in the States covered by this Coast Pilot: (274) General Election Day, first Tuesday after the first Monday in November: New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island.
188 ■ Chapter 4 ■ Coast Pilot 2 70° 70°30’ 13246 Provincetown 13249 Cape Cod 42° 41°30’ CAPE COD BAY Cape Cod Canal 13248 13229 MASSACHUSETTS Harwich Port Chatham Roads Hyannis Chatham Falmouth 13229 Monomoy Point Vineyard Sound NANTUCKET SOUND Edgartown Muskeget Channel Great Pt. Martha’s Vineyard Muskeget Island 13242 13244 13238 13237 41° Tuckernuck Island Nantucket 13233 Nantucket Island 13241 SMALL-CRAFT CHARTS AND MARINE FACILITIES CHARTS These specially designed charts are published with small craft information and are labeled in green CONVENTIONAL CHARTS HARBOR CHARTS (outlined in red) - scales 1:50,000 and larger. COAST CHARTS (outlined in purple) - scales from 1:50,001 to 1:150,000. GENERAL CHARTS (outlined in purple) - scales from 1:150,001 to 1:600,000. Note: not all charts are shown
Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound ■ Chapter 4 ■ 189 Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound (1) This chapter describes the outer shore of Cape Cod North Atlantic Right Whales and Nantucket Sound including Nantucket Island and (5) Federally designated critical habitat for the endan- the southern and eastern shores of Martha’s Vineyard. Also described are Nantucket Harbor, Edgartown Har- gered North Atlantic right whale lies within Cape Cod bor, and the other numerous fishing and yachting cen- Bay (See 50 CFR 226.101 and 226.203, chapter 2, for ters along the southern shore of Cape Cod bordering habitat boundary). A Recommend two-way Whale Nantucket Sound. Avoidance Routes and a Recommended two-way Whale Avoidance Track have been charted within Cape Cod COLREGS Demarcation Lines Bay to reduce interactions between vessels and right (2) The lines established for this part of the coast are whales. When right whales are present in Cape Cod Bay (peak season: January through May), NOAA recom- described in 80.135 and 80.145, chapter 2. mends that mariners use these routes and reduces transit speed to 10 knots or less, when consistent with Chart 13246 safe navigation. (See North Atlantic Right Whales, in- dexed as such, in chapter 3 for more information on (3) Cape Cod is a long peninsula forming the easterly right whales and recommended measures to avoid col- extremity of Massachusetts. It makes out from the lisions with whales.) Caution: Full bottom coverage mainland in an easterly direction for 31 miles, then ex- surveys have not been conducted within the entire tends northward for over 20 miles. This cape forms the route nor along the entire track, so uncharted dangers southern and eastern shores of Cape Cod Bay, the may exist. northern shore of Nantucket Sound, and the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay. The northern trend of Cape Cod, Chart 13249 forming what is sometimes called the Hook of the Cape, is known as the Lower Cape. This section is well (6) Provincetown Harbor, formed by a turn in the settled and composed almost entirely of sandy lands, northern end of the hook of Cape Cod, has a diameter of with high bare sand dunes and low nearly level plains. about 2 miles. It is one of the best harbors on the Atlan- The portion of Cape Cod between Chatham and Cape tic Coast, having a sizable anchorage area in depths of Cod Canal is known as the Upper Cape. This region is 12 to 57 feet with excellent holding ground. Coasters wooded and is well settled by numerous towns and vil- and fishermen find protection here in gales from any lages. direction. Tides and Currents (7) The historical town of Provincetown, on the north- (4) The tidal current velocities between Race Point and western side of the harbor, is at the site of the first land- ing of the MAYFLOWER in the new world. Supplies and Highland Light are very strong, but diminish to less hull repair facilities are available in Provincetown. En- than 1 knot between Highland Light and Chatham gine repairs are available by arrangement. Light. Strengths of flood and ebb set northward and southward, respectively, along the coast. The time of (8) The approach and entrance to the harbor are free of current changes rapidly, the strength of flood or ebb dangers and are marked by three lights and by Pilgrim occurring about 2 hours later off Nauset Beach Light Monument, a slim stone structure 348 feet above the than off Chatham Light. water; two standpipes are about 0.2 mile westward and a steel tank is 1.5 miles northeastward of the monu- ment. A 2,500-foot stone breakwater is about 300 yards southeastward of the end of the town pier (MacMillan Wharf). The breakwater extends northeastward from a
190 ■ Chapter 4 ■ Coast Pilot 2 point in 42°02'45\"N., 70°10'55\"W., approximately parallel about 9 miles to the Highlands, and is composed of to the shoreline. The east and west ends of the breakwa- bare sand dunes of various heights. The sand dunes be- ter are each marked by a light. Strangers should exer- gin to be covered with a brownish-looking growth of cise caution when operating in the area. Numerous grass, and the land is higher as the Highlands are ap- fishing vessels work out of Provincetown during the proached. The water shoals somewhat abruptly within year. During the summer, floats are set out that are ca- 0.5 mile of the shore and care must be taken not to go pable of mooring vessels up to 40 feet. Larger vessels inside the 10-fathom curve. must tie up at permanent piers. Anchorage inside the (18) Highland Light (42°02'22\"N., 70°03'39\"W.), 170 breakwater is reported to be fair to poor, mud bottom feet above the water, is shown from a 66-foot white with much debris. The marina close southwest of tower with covered way to the dwelling on a high bluff MacMillan Wharf maintains 40 mooring buoys on the of the Highlands. west side of the harbor. (9) All moorings and berthing in the harbor are under Prominent objects the control of the harbormaster, who has an office at (19) Prominent objects include a stone crenellated the end of the town pier. The harbormaster monitors VHF-FM channel 16, 24 hours a day. tower, a red brick stack, and three spherical radar (10) The Captain of the Port, Boston, has established a domes on the summit of a ridge, 0.5 mile south of fairway 100 yards wide extending from 42°02'00\"N., Highland Light. 70°09'35\"W. to 42°02'43\"N., 70°11'01\"W., and in the (20) The shore southward from the Highlands for 12 area extending about 100 yards around the piers in miles to Nauset Beach Light has a slight curve. The ter- Provincetown Harbor. Anchorage is prohibited in this rain continues hilly with narrow valleys at intervals. fairway. From Highland Light to near the Chatham entrance (11) Provincetown Coast Guard Station is about 0.4 the water continues to shoal abruptly within 0.5 mile of mile southwest of the town pier. the shore. (12) The finger pier northeastward of the Coast Guard (21) Two spires at Truro, 2.5 miles south of Highland pier is in ruins. Mariners should exercise caution while Light, are prominent. A tank stands out near the shore navigating in the area. about 9 miles south-southeastward of Highland Light (13) Cape Cod Canal is described in chapter 5. Com- in South Wellfleet. plete information about the harbors and ports in Cape (22) Nauset Beach Light (41°51'36\"N., 69°57'12\"W.), Cod Bay is contained in United States Coast Pilot 1, 120 feet above the water, is shown from a 48-foot coni- Atlantic Coast, Eastport to Cape Cod. cal tower, the upper part red and the lower part white, on the beach at Eastham. The buildings of a former Charts 13249, 13246 Coast Guard station, about 1 mile south of the light, are conspicuous. (14) Between Wood End (42°01.2'N., 70°11.3'W.) and (23) The coast from Nauset Beach Light turns gradually Race Point, the westernmost point of Cape Cod, shoals southward to Chatham, a distance of 11 miles, and be- that rise abruptly from deep water extend a maximum comes lower and less steep. The terrain slopes gently of about 0.6 mile from shore. Race Point Light back from the beach and is covered with a scanty (42°03'45\"N., 70°14'35\"W.), 41 feet above the water, is growth of grass. shown from a white tower on the northwest point of (24) Nauset Harbor, 3.3 miles south of Nauset Beach Cape Cod. Light, is used by small local craft. The area offshore of the harbor is a chain of shifting sandbars. Breakers are (15) Peaked Hill Bar includes shoals with a least depth present in this vicinity at all stages of the tide and even of 10 feet about 3.5 miles northeast of Race Point Light. during the calmest weather. The area is extremely dan- gerous for any vessel larger than a runabout or for any- (16) The bar is about 0.6 mile offshore and extends for one without local knowledge. Strangers should never about 4 miles paralleling the coastline. This area attempt to enter. A cluster of houses is on Nauset should be given a berth of at least 2 miles. Keeping in a Heights south of the entrance, where the ground is depth of 20 fathoms will ensure passing 2.5 to 3 miles somewhat higher than the land just northward. off the eastern side of Cape Cod. (25) The harbor has three arms extending northward into Nauset Bay, northwestward into Salt Pond Bay Chart 13246 and Salt Pond, and westward into Town Cove which is about 2 miles long in a southwesterly direction. Private (17) From Race Point, the shore of Cape Cod curves seasonal buoys mark the channel from the entrance to northeastward, eastward, and then southeastward for Town Cove. A marina is on the west bank about 0.5 mile
Outer Cape Cod and Nantucket Sound ■ Chapter 4 ■ 191 from the head of the cove. Gasoline, water, moorings, (30) About 2.7 miles south of Chatham Light, at what berths, marine supplies, and a concrete ramp are avail- used to be the end of Nauset Beach, is a large area of able. Craft to 25 feet can be handled for hull or engine shoals which extends southwestward to Monomoy Is- repairs, or dry open or covered storage. In August 1981, land. There is no marked channel through the shoals. depths of 4 feet were reported alongside the service Small vessels with local knowledge use the area with a dock. smooth sea; strangers should avoid the area. These (26) The outer coast is eroding from east of North Chat- shoals are dangerous in thick weather and vessels in ham northward for about 3 miles. Waves wash across the vicinity should stay in depths of 8 fathoms or more. the beach barrier into the sound in several places at high water. A conspicuous standpipe with a red and (31) The passage inside the barrier beach from Chat- white checkered band around the top is about 0.6 mile ham Light to the head of navigation in Orleans, on the southward of Chatham Port. west side of Meeting House Pond, is about 7.9 miles long and used by small-craft. The passage, marked by Charts 13248, 13246 private, seasonal buoys, leads northerly from the break through Chatham Harbor, Pleasant Bay, The Narrows, (27) Chatham, about 11.5 miles southward of Nauset Little Pleasant Bay, and The River to Meeting House Beach Light, is on fairly high ground on the west side of Pond. The channel requires local knowledge. Chatham Harbor. Chatham Light (41°40'17\"N., 69°57'01\"W.), 80 feet above the water, is shown from a Small-craft facility white conical tower on the west side of the harbor. (32) A small-craft facility is in a protected basin in the Chatham Coast Guard Station is near Chatham Light. cove between Morris Island and the mainland, about (28) Several spires and a tall stack at Chatham are 0.5 mile south of Chatham Light. In 1992 it was re- prominent. ported this facility could not be reached from Chatham Harbor due to severe shoaling south of Chatham Light. (29) In January 1987, a break occurred in Nauset The facility can reportedly be reached from Chatham Beach, the barrier beach protecting Chatham Harbor, Roads by way of a channel south of Morris Island (see creating a new inlet into the harbor east of Chatham chart 13229). Berths, gasoline, water, ice, marine sup- Light. This break is now the only entrance into Chat- plies, launching ramp, and storage facilities are avail- ham Harbor. The break is used by small local fishing able. A hydraulic trailer can handle craft to 45 feet for and pleasure craft with a smooth sea. The break is un- hull and engine repairs. In June 1992, depths to 2 feet marked, extremely dangerous, and should be avoided were reported in the basin. by those without local knowledge. The Coast Guard has established a rough bar advisory light, 62 feet above the (33) A boat basin is in Aunt Lydias Cove between Tern water, on a skeleton tower near Chatham Light in Island and Chatham. In July 2007, the controlling about 41°40'17.4\"N., 69°57'00.1\"W. to promote safety depth of the channel was 3 feet, thence 4.5 to 8 feet in for small-boat operators. The light has a dayboard the basin with lesser depths along the east side. Condi- which is diamond-shaped, painted white with an inter- tions are rapidly changing. A fish pier is in the basin. national orange border, and with the words “Rough Commercial fishing boats operate from the cove. The Bar” in black letters. The light, when activated, is flash- harbormaster can be contacted on VHF-FM channel ing yellow. The light will be activated when the seas ex- 16. ceed 2 feet in height and are considered hazardous for small boats. Small-boat operators are cautioned, how- (34) Bassing Harbor, at the north end of Chatham Har- ever, that if the light is not flashing it is no guarantee bor, is the entrance to Ryder Cove and Crows Pond. A that sea conditions are favorable. Currents are ex- small-craft facility is on the south side of Ryder Cove, tremely strong and dangerous surf can build up quickly about 0.5 mile inside the entrance. A town launching on the outer bar with an ebb current. Shoals are con- ramp is close westward of the facility. Private seasonal stantly shifting near the break and extreme caution is aids mark the channel from Chatham Harbor to the advised. Ocean waves carry into the harbor and report- town ramp. A 5 mph speed limit is enforced in the cove. edly break as far north as Tern Island. Anchoring and A forklift at the facility can haul out craft to 25 feet. even mooring in much of Chatham Harbor is not rec- Gasoline, water, ice, marine supplies, moorings, and ommended. Mariners unfamiliar with the area are ad- storage facilities are available; hull and engine repairs vised to stay east of Chatham Beach Lighted Whistle can be made. In August 1981, a reported depth of 3 feet Buoy C (41°39'12\"N., 69°55'30\"W.). could be carried to the small-craft facility. (35) Nickersons Neck, on the north side of Crows Pond and the south side of Pleasant Bay, has a country club on the north side.
192 ■ Chapter 4 ■ Coast Pilot 2 (36) Round Cove, at the southwest end of Pleasant Bay to avoid Nantucket Shoals. This route is used has a town wharf and launching ramp. A combination principally by coastwise vessels and pleasure craft. The antenna and flagpole on the west bank of the cove is navigational aids are colored and numbered for passing conspicuous. through the sound from the eastward. (43) Monomoy and Nantucket Shoals are eastward and (37) The Narrows is a passage between Sipson Island southeastward of the eastern entrance to Nantucket and the mainland and connects Pleasant Bay with Lit- Sound. Owing to the great extent and distance offshore tle Pleasant Bay. The passage is marked by private sea- of some parts of these shoals, and the strong and baf- sonal buoys. fling tidal currents which set over them, their naviga- tion in thick or foggy weather is hazardous. In clear (38) Little Pleasant Bay extends about 1.5 miles north- weather the lights and buoys render navigation of the ward to Barley Neck. A launching ramp is on the west two principal channels, Pollock Rip and Great Round bank of the entrance to Paw Wah Pond on the south Shoal, comparatively easy. For the purpose of descrip- side of Namequoit Point. tion Great Round Shoal Channel will be considered as the dividing line between Monomoy and Nantucket (39) Namequoit River leads westward from the head of Shoals. Little Pleasant Bay to Areys Pond. In August 1981, (44) Numerous fishtraps are located in Nantucket depths of 2 feet were reported in Namequoit River, and Sound, particularly along the southern shore of Cape the channel into the pond had depths of 3 feet. A Cod. These areas may be marked by private lights. small-craft facility on the north side of the pond has a 50-foot marine railway, a 2-ton crane, moorings, water, Chart 13244 marine supplies, a launching ramp, and storage facili- ties; hull, rigging, and sail repairs can be made. (45) Monomoy Shoals consist of numerous detached shoals extending about 5.5 miles in an easterly direc- (40) An arm, known as The River, extends northward tion and 9.5 miles in a southeasterly direction from from the entrance to Namequoit River for about 1 mile Monomoy Point, the northeast entrance point of to Meeting House Pond. Private seasonal buoys par- Nantucket Sound. Narrow sloughs separate the many tially mark the channel from The River to the pond. A parts of the shoals. It should be remembered that the town landing and launching ramp are on the north side shoals are shifting in character and are subject to of the channel leading to the pond. A small-craft facility change in location and depth. is on the north side of the pond. In August 1981, depths of 4 feet were reported in the channel to the pond. A hy- (46) A dangerous wreck, reported covered 15 feet, is off draulic trailer at the facility can handle craft to 50 feet. Monomoy Island in about 41°35'07\"N., 69°57'41\"W. Berths and moorings in depths of 6 to 10 feet, gasoline, Mariners are advised to exercise extreme caution while water, ice, a launching ramp, and storage facilities are navigating in the area. available; hull and engine repairs can be made. A town ramp is on the east side of the pond southeastward of (47) Bearse Shoal and Pollock Rip, extending about 5 the small-craft facility. miles eastward of Monomoy Point, are a series of sand shoals and ridges with little water over them in places. Chart 13237 Pollock Rip Channel is between the shoals. (41) Nantucket Sound is between the south coast of (48) Broken Part of Pollock Rip, covered 10 to 18 feet, Cape Cod on the north, Nantucket Island and part of is eastward of Pollock Rip. Martha’s Vineyard on the south, and joins Vineyard Sound on the west to provide an inside passage. (49) Stone Horse Shoal, Little Round Shoal, and Great Nantucket Sound has a length of about 23 miles in an Round Shoal are portions of a continuous series of east-west direction and a width of 6 to 22 miles. At the sand shoals and ridges covered 4 to 18 feet. These eastern entrance and within the sound are numerous shoals are directly eastward of the entrance to shoals. Between these shoals are well-marked channels Nantucket Sound and between the two main channels. making the navigation of these waters comparatively Southward and eastward of these shoals are numerous easy for powered vessels and also sailing vessels with a shoal spots, including Orion Shoal, covered 16 to 19 fair wind. The shoals at the eastern entrance are sub- feet. ject to considerable shifting while those inside are somewhat stable. Boulders are along the shores. (50) Handkerchief Shoal, extending for 5 miles south- westward from Monomoy Point, is covered 2 to 18 feet. (42) The channel through Nantucket Sound and Vine- A spot that uncovers 2 feet is about 2.7 miles southwest yard Sound has a controlling depth of about 30 feet and of the point. On the northwest side the water shoals provides an inside passage for vessels of medium draft gradually and soundings will indicate an approach to
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