United States Coast Pilot 2 Atlantic Coast - Cape Cod, MA to Sandy Hook, NJ 2011

Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ■ Chapter 5 ■ 243 Communications 55 feet; mobile hoists to 35 tons are also available. In (303) There is only rail freight service to Boston and fre- 1981, depths of 3 to 11 feet were reported at the slips. (309) Round Hill Point, about 3.5 miles southwestward quent bus service to Providence, Boston, and New York. of Clarks Point, is marked by a prominent round hill. A mail and passenger boat makes trips to Cuttyhunk (310) Between Round Hill Point and Salters Point, 1.1 twice weekly in the winter and daily in the summer. miles southwestward, Hunts Rock Breakwater extends Seasonal passenger ferry service is also available to 270 yards in a northeast-southwest direction. Martha’s Vineyard. Air service is available to Boston, (311) Mishaum Point, 1.9 miles southwestward of Round New York, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket, and Cape Hill Point, is the southern point of Smith Neck. Shoal Cod. water extends about 0.2 mile off the point. (304) The coast between New Bedford Harbor and the en- Chart 13228 trance of Sakonnet River is fringed with extensive shoals, many of them rocky and a considerable number (312) Slocums River, westward of Mishaum Point, has a of them well offshore. The entrances to several inlets bar at the entrance nearly bare at low water. The are shoal and are used only by local fishing and plea- channel inside is narrow, unmarked, and little used. sure boats. Slocums Ledge, extending 0.6 mile westward of Mishaum Point, covered 2 to 7 feet, is marked by a buoy. Pawn (305) Clarks Cove, between New Bedford Harbor and Rock uncovers 3 feet and is 0.2 mile easterly of Barneys Apponagansett Bay, affords anchorage in depths of 12 Joy Point, the point on the west side of the river en- to 22 feet. It is exposed to southerly weather and is sel- trance. dom used. Several small piers can accommodate small craft. Several rocks are off Moshers Point on the west (313) Gooseberry Neck, about 4 miles southwestward of side of the cove. Mishaum Point, is marked by several prominent tow- ers. The neck, irregular and elongated, extends about 1 (306) Apponagansett Bay, about 2 miles southwestward mile southward from Horseneck Beach to which it is of Clarks Point, shelters numerous pleasure craft and a joined by a narrow roadway over rock fill. The water few fishermen in the summer, but the bay is insecure in surrounding the neck is very foul. southeasterly gales. Nonquitt and Bayview are villages on the south side of the entrance and South (314) Hen and Chickens and the dangers southward of it Dartmouth is on the northerly shore. Padanaram have been previously discussed under the entrance to Breakwater is marked on the southern end by a light. Buzzards Bay. The approach to the bay is obstructed by numerous ledges and rocks, and strangers should enter only in (315) In addition to Hen and Chickens, numerous rocks the daytime with clear weather. Inside the breakwater, and reefs surround Gooseberry Neck. Shoal water ex- the channel is marked by buoys. Dartmouth Rock, cov- tends 0.6 mile southwestward of the neck to Lumber ered 4 feet, is on the northeast side of the channel. Pri- Rock, covered 4 feet and marked by a buoy, and over 0.5 vate seasonal anchorage buoys mark the area off South mile westward to Browing Ledge, covered 6 feet. Little Dartmouth, which is usually very crowded in the sum- Southwest Rock is about 0.3 mile northeastward of mer. A highway bridge at the village has a swing span Lumber Rock. with a channel width of 31 feet and a clearance of 8 feet. (See 117.1 through 117.59 and 117.587, chapter 2, (316) Westport River empties into the large bight be- for drawbridge regulations.) Above the bridge, small tween Gooseberry Neck and Sakonnet Point (chart craft anchor in a narrow channel near the eastern 13221). The mouth of the river is between Horseneck shore. Point, 2.7 miles northwest of Gooseberry Neck, and The Knubble, a protruding mound of granite marked (307) The harbormaster controls anchoring and berth- by a light about 0.2 mile south of Horseneck Point. The ing in the harbor and can be contacted through the po- river is the approach to Westport Harbor, the area just lice department or VHF-FM channel 16. The speed inside the entrance; the village of Westport Point, on limit in the harbor is 5 mph. the north shore of the east branch of the river; and the village of Acoaxet, westward of The Knubble. Fishing (308) Southward of the bridge is a landing at a yacht club and pleasure boats use the river as far as Westport with reported depth of 10 feet alongside. Diesel fuel, Point. gasoline, water, ice, and some marine supplies are available. Two nearby boatyards and a marina can pro- (317) The entrance channel is narrow, crooked, and vide limited guest berths, storage, complete marine marked by buoys. In 2009, the entrance channel had a supplies, and hull, engine, electronic, rigging, and sail controlling depth of 7.3 feet except shoaling to 5.7 feet repairs. The largest marine railway can handle craft to in the right half of the channel between Buoy 10 and

244 ■ Chapter 5 ■ Volume 2 Buoy 12. Depths near the entrance are continually Tides and currents changing; mariners are advised to seek local knowl- (322) The mean range of tide is 3.0 feet. The tidal current edge. Numerous rocks are in the channel below the bridge at Westport; caution is advised. in the entrance has a velocity of 2.5 knots, and caution (318) Boats should not try to enter during strong south- is recommended when navigating the river. (See the erly winds as heavy seas break over the entrance bar. Tidal Current tables for predictions.) About 1 mile above the entrance the river divides into two branches. The west branch is shallow, with a nar- (323) Two piers, used by fishing and pleasure boats, are at row channel marked by private seasonal buoys, and is Westport Point. These piers have reported depths of used by local craft to opposite Toms Point, about 1.6 about 10 feet at their faces. Berthing at the piers is un- miles above the entrance. Above the Westport Point der the control of the harbormaster, who can be con- bridge, the east branch is marked by private seasonal tacted through the town hall or police department. buoys as far as the Hix Bridge, 4.7 miles above Westport Point. A reported depth of about 4 feet can be carried to (324) A 5 mph speed limit is enforced in the harbor. this bridge with local knowledge. (325) A boatyard and a marina are in the harbor. The (319) A highway bridge with a 49-foot bascule span and a clearance of 21 feet at the center crosses the river at boatyard is on Horseneck Point about 0.5 mile west of Westport Point, about 2 miles above the mouth. (See the highway bridge. The marina is on Westport Point 117.1 through 117.59 and 117.620, chapter 2, for about 0.1 mile west of the highway bridge. Berths, drawbridge regulations.) Hix highway bridge, about 6 moorings, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, launching miles above the mouth, has a 35-foot fixed span with a ramps, and marine supplies are available. The largest clearance of 3 feet. An overhead power cable on the marine railway is at the boatyard and can handle craft north side of Hix bridge has a clearance of 37 feet. up to 60 feet for hull and engine repairs and dry open or (320) Approaching Westport River, boats must take care covered storage. to pass westward of the dangers off Gooseberry Neck and eastward of the dangers off the river entrance. Nu- No-Discharge Zone merous rocks and ledges are southward of the entrance (326) The State of Massachusetts, with the approval of to the river. Twomile Rock, 1 mile southeastward of Westport Harbor Entrance Light 5 on The Knubble, is the Environmental Protection Agency, has established marked by a daybeacon. Shoals with depths of 5 to 18 a No-Discharge Zone (NDZ) in the coastal waters of feet are southeasterly of the rock. A buoy is 0.35 mile Westport. The NDZ includes Westport Harbor and the south-southeast of the rock. Halfmile Rock, 3 feet East and West Branches of the Westport River (see high, is 325 yards southeast of the light on The chart 13228 for limits). Knubble. The shoal water surrounding the rock is (327) Within the NDZ, discharge of sewage, whether marked by a buoy. The area south of The Knubble is treated or untreated, from all vessels is prohibited. very foul. Other unmarked dangers include Twomile Outside the NDZ, discharge of sewage is regulated by Ledge, extending 1 mile south of The Knubble, and cov- 40 CFR 140 (see chapter 2). ered 2 to 12 feet; Joe Burris Ledge covered 14 feet, mid- way between Halfmile Rock and Twomile Rock, and (328) Quicksand Point is about 1.5 miles west of The Pinetree Ground, about 1 mile south of Twomile Rock, Knubble. The boundary line between Massachusetts covered 25 to 30 feet. and Rhode Island is near the point. Cutty Wow Rock, (321) The shore in this vicinity should be given a berth of awash at low water, is 1 mile southwestward of the about 1.3 miles to avoid numerous rocks and ledges ex- point. tending about 1 mile offshore for 2.5 miles westward of Westport Harbor. (329) Briggs Point, 2 miles southwestward of Quicksand Point, is surrounded by shoals and rocks. Halfway Rock, 2 feet high, is 0.4 mile southeastward of the point.

Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ■ Chapter 5 ■ 245

246 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 247 Narragansett Bay (1) This chapter describes the Sakonnet River, (6) The Scheme is composed basically of directed traf- Narragansett Bay, Mount Hope Bay, and Taunton and fic lanes each with one-way inbound and outbound Providence Rivers. Also discussed are the ports of New- traffic lanes separated by a defined traffic separation port, Fall River, and Providence, as well as the numer- zone, and two precautionary areas, one at the southern ous other yachting and fishing centers in this area. end and the other at the northern end of the directed traffic lanes and separation zones. The Scheme is rec- COLREGS Demarcation Lines ommended for use by vessels approaching or departing (2) The lines established for this part of the coast are from Narragansett Bay, but is not necessarily intended for tugs, tows, or other small vessels which tradition- described in 80.145, chapter 2. ally operate outside of the usual steamer lanes or close inshore. Charts 13221, 13218 (7) The Traffic Separation Scheme has been designed (3) Narragansett Bay, opening into the north side of to aid in the prevention of collisions at the approaches Rhode Island Sound 17 miles westward of Buzzards to major harbors, but is not intended in any way to su- Bay entrance, is the approach to the cities of Newport, persede or alter the applicable Navigation Rules. Sepa- Providence, Fall River, and Taunton, as well as numer- ration zones are intended to separate inbound and ous towns and villages. Rhode Island (Aquidneck Is- outbound traffic lanes and be free of ship traffic, and land), the largest island in the bay, forms the eastern should not be used except for crossing purposes. Mar- shore of the bay proper. The entrance is between iners should use extreme caution when crossing traf- Brenton Point, the southwestern part of Rhode Island, fic lanes and separation zones. (See Traffic Separation on the east, and Point Judith Neck on the west. The bay Schemes, chapter 1, for additional information.) is about 18 miles long from the entrance to the mouth of Providence River. Navigation of the bay is easy dur- (8) The southern precautionary area in the southwest ing day or night in clear weather as it is marked by navi- part of Rhode Island Sound has a radius of 5.4 miles gational aids. The large Conanicut Island and centered on 41°06'06\"N., 71°23'22\"W., excluding those Prudence Island, and several smaller islands, divide areas of the circle bounded by imaginary lines extend- the bay into two passages. Sakonnet River, although ing between the outer limits of the inbound and out- not a part of Narragansett Bay, is included with it in the bound traffic lanes. (Note that the southern following discussion. precautionary area is common to the Traffic Separation Schemes for the approaches to both Narragansett Bay (4) East Passage is good for a least depth of about 60 and Buzzards Bay.) The Traffic Separation Scheme for feet for about 11 miles up the marked channel to the the approach to Buzzards Bay is described in chapter 5. entrance of the dredged channel to Providence. West Passage is the approach to Dutch Island Harbor, (9) The separation zone is a 2-mile-wide zone centered Wickford, Greenwich Bay, and Providence River. Ves- upon the following positions: sels of over 16-foot draft rarely go above Dutch Island Harbor without a pilot, but vessels of 16-foot draft or (10) (i) 41°22'39\"N., 71°23'22\"W., less should have no difficulty in going to the head of the (11) (ii) 41°11'07\"N., 71°23'22\"W. bay and Providence River. Sakonnet River is good for a (12) The inbound traffic lane is a 1-mile-wide lane with depth of 18 feet from the mouth to Mount Hope Bay. a length of about 11.5 miles. Entering the traffic lane at (5) Traffic Separation Scheme Narragansett Bay has a point in about 41°11'06\"N., 71°21'24\"W., a course of been established in the approach to Narragansett Bay 000° follows the centerline of the traffic lane to a junc- through Rhode Island Sound. (See charts 13223, 13221, tion with the northern precautionary area. 13218, 12300.) (13) The outbound traffic lane is a 1-mile-wide lane with a length of about 11.5 miles. Entering the traffic lane at a point in about 41°22'39\"N., 71°25'24\"W., a course of 180° follows the centerline of the traffic lane to a junction with the southern precautionary area.

248 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 (14) The northern precautionary area has a 3.55-mile Security Broadcast System, Narragansett Bay radius centered on a point in about (41°25'35\"N., (21) In conjunction with various maritime interests, 71°23'22\"W.), excluding those areas of the circle bounded by imaginary lines extending between the the Coast Guard has developed a system of recom- outer limits of the inbound and outbound traffic lanes. mended radiotelephone procedures for Narragansett and Mount Hope Bays that is designed to supplement (15) A 2-mile-wide restricted area extends from the the Vessel Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone Regula- northern limits of the Narragansett Bay Approach traf- tions (33 CFR 26) (see chapter 2). These voluntary pro- fic separation zone to 41°24.7'N. This restricted area cedures consist of Security calls to be made by vessel within the precautionary area will only be closed to ves- masters, pilots, or operators on VHF-FM channel 13 sel traffic by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Divi- (156.65 MHz) at designated points. The procedures are sion, Newport, during periods of daylight and optimum designed to give notice of unseen vessels, give notice of weather conditions for torpedo range use. The closing intended movement, clear channel 13 of traffic unre- of the restricted area will be indicated by the activation lated to navigation, give each vessel information on all of red flashing lights on naval vessels supporting the others in the immediate vicinity, and to do so at little torpedo range activities. There would be no vessel re- cost and with as little radiotelephone traffic as possible. strictions expected during inclement weather or when These recommendations do not relieve a master, pilot, the torpedo range is not in use. or operator of any requirements of law or regulation. There is no guarantee that every vessel will follow (16) The Traffic Separation Scheme is not buoyed. A them. group of buoys within the separation zone and the pre- (22) Inbound vessels should make Security calls when cautionary area mark the torpedo range; these buoys abeam of Narragansett Bay Entrance Lighted Whistle are not related to the Scheme. Buoy NB, when off Castle Hill Light, and when at the south end of Prudence Island (state whether bound for (17) Narragansett Bay Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy Providence or Fall River). The call at Castle Hill Light NB (41°23'00\"N., 71°23'21\"W.) is at the north end of alerts outbound vessels so that they can pass East Pas- the separation zone and is equipped with a racon. sage Lighted Bell Buoy 11 close aboard, as during ebb current they tend to be set toward the center of the (18) A safety zone has been established about 2 miles channel. Vessels bound for Providence should make ad- northward of Buoy NB for Liquefied Petroleum Gas ditional Security calls when off Popasquash Neck and (LPG) vessels. (See 165.20, 165.23, and 165.121, when approaching Bullock Point Light BP. Vessels chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) bound for Fall River should call Brightman Street Bridge when they enter Mount Hope Bay to allow suffi- (19) Recommended Vessel Route (Narragansett Bay) cient time for opening of the bridge. has been established in the approach to Narragansett (23) Vessels outbound from Providence should make Bay through Rhode Island Sound. Security calls when leaving their dock and when off Popasquash Neck. Vessels outbound from Fall River (20) The U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port, Provi- should make calls when leaving their dock, when ap- dence, in cooperation with the Southeastern Massa- proaching Mount Hope Bridge, and when off Gould Is- chusetts and Rhode Island Port Safety and Security land. Committees, has established a Recommended Vessel Route for deep draft vessels and tugs/barges transiting Anchorages Rhode Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, and Buzzards (24) The principal anchorages for vessels seeking shel- Bay. Deep draft vessels and tugs/barges are requested to follow the designated routes. These routes were de- ter are Newport Harbor in the East Passage and Dutch signed to provide safe, established routes for these Island Harbor in the West Passage. These harbors af- vessels, to reduce the potential for conflict with recre- ford anchorage with good holding ground for ational boaters, fishing gear, and other small craft, and deep-draft vessels, and are sometimes used by coasting to reduce the potential for grounding or collision. Ves- vessels on the passage between Vineyard Sound and sels are responsible for their own safety and are not re- Long Island Sound. Good anchorage will be found al- quired to remain inside the route nor are fisherman most anywhere in the bay under the lee of islands or the required to keep fishing gear outside the route. Small shore, where vessels becalmed or at night frequently vessels should exercise caution in and around the Rec- anchor. Point Judith Harbor of Refuge is just west of ommended Vessel Routes and monitor VHF channels Point Judith. General and explosives anchorages are in 16 or 13 for information concerning deep draft vessels Narragansett Bay. (See 110.1 and 110.145, chapter 2, and tugs/barges transiting these routes. for limits and regulations.)

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 249 Routes brought in by winds from east through south to south- (25) Vessels approaching from eastward should shape west and are cleared off by northerly and westerly winds. The usual duration of the fog is 4 to 12 hours, their approach to pass well south of Seal Ledge and but periods of 4 to 6 days have been known with only Brenton Reef. Brenton Reef and other dangers on the short clear intervals. The head of the bay will some- easterly side of the entrance will be avoided by keeping times be free from fog while the entrance is completely Castle Hill Light bearing eastward of 003° and passing shut in. westward of the lighted whistle buoy and the gong buoy (29) Navigation of the bay and its tributaries is some- off Brenton Reef and the bell buoy off Butter Ball Rock. times impeded by floating ice and in severe winters by Approaching from westward, from a position with packs of field ice. The ice which breaks up in Provi- Point Judith Light bearing 344° distant 2 miles, vessels dence River and Mount Hope Bay is set by north and may steer 028° for about 9 miles to a position 0.5 mile northeast winds down the bay through East Passage. If west of Castle Hill Light, thence follow the navigational there is much ice, a gorge is sometimes formed at Fort lights in the bay. The recommended route, however, for Adams, but it is of short duration. The passages are deep-draft vessels is via the Narragansett Bay Approach rarely closed for any length of time below Gould Island Traffic Separation Scheme, which is described earlier in the East Passage and Dutch Island in the West Pas- in this chapter. sage. During January and February, Mount Hope Bay, Bristol Harbor, Warren, Providence River, Greenwich Tides Bay, and Wickford are usually closed to sailing vessels (26) The tidal movement in Narragansett Bay with its unaided by power. The inner harbor of Newport is also sometimes closed during these months with the excep- vertical and horizontal constituents–tide and current, tion of a channel kept open by vessels. It can get nasty respectively–is a continuation of the tide wave of the at the mouth of Narragansett Bay when strong winds Atlantic Ocean. This wave sweeps into the three en- oppose the currents. Rounding Point Judith can be trances between Sakonnet Point and Point Judith and rough or interminable, due to the confluence of tidal continues up the bay and into each of its tributaries un- currents. Also local wind conditions can cause the tide til stopped by rapids or other obstructions. As is usual to turn earlier or later than predicted in the tables. when oceanic tidal movements enter inland waterways, the nature of the movement is modified by the hydro- North Atlantic Right Whales graphic features encountered. In this area the local fea- (30) Endangered North Atlantic right whales may occur tures are such that the current movement in particular is subject to considerable distortion. The mean range of in the Narragansett/Buzzards Bay Traffic Separation the tide varies from about 3.5 feet at the entrance to 4.6 Scheme (peak season: November though April). The feet at Providence. (See the Tide Tables for predictions.) Northeast Marine Pilots distribute educational mate- rial to mariners in an effort to reduce right whale ship Currents strikes. (See North Atlantic Right Whales, indexed as (27) The flood current in Narragansett Bay frequently such, in chapter 3 for more information on right whales and recommended measures to avoid colli- has two maximums of velocity separated by a minimum sions.) velocity which at times becomes an ebb flow. Over the (31) All vessels 65 feet or greater in length overall greater part of the bay, the usual maximum flood or ebb (L.O.A.) and subject to the jurisdiction of the United velocity is from 0.2 knot in the broad portions of the States are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less in the waterways to 1.5 knots in the more constricted sec- Block Island Sound Seasonal Management Area be- tions. Velocities of about 1.4 knots occur at the bridges tween November 1 and April 30. The area is defined as in Seekonk River, a velocity of about 1.7 knots in the the waters bounded by: narrows at the mouth of Kickamuit River, and a veloc- (32) 40°51'53.7\"N., 70°36'44.9\"W.; ity of 2.3 to 2.7 knots at the bridges in Sakonnet River. (33) 41°20'14.1\"N., 70°49'44.1\"W.; In Sakonnet River, from the highway bridge to its (34) 41°04'16.7\"N., 71°51'21.0\"W.; mouth, current velocities are small, being generally (35) 40°35'56.5\"N., 71°38'25.1\"W.; thence back to start- less than 0.5 knot. (See the Tidal Current Tables for ing point. (See 50 CFR 224.105 in chapter 2 for regu- predictions, and the Tidal Current Charts, lations, limitations, and exceptions.) Narragansett Bay, for hourly velocities and directions of the current.) Weather, Narragansett Bay and vicinity (36) The Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Re- (28) In the entrance to the bay and its approaches, fogs search Reserve, a Marine Protected Area (MPA), in- cludes the waters around Prudence, Patience, Dyer, are more prevalent from April to October. The fogs are

250 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 and Hope Islands in Narragansett Bay. Cape Cod South and white superstructure. The boats monitor VHF-FM Closure Area includes inshore waters of Narragansett channels 16 and 13, 2 hours prior to the vessel’s sched- Bay and offshore Federal waters of the south coasts of uled ETA, and work on channel 10. The pilots meet Massachusetts and Rhode Island. (See Appendix C, for ships bound for Narragansett Bay at any point south or additional information.) east of the Point Judith Pilot Station, centered on 41°17.0'N., 071°30.5'W., and outside the waters of the Pilotage, Narragansett Bay and Other Rhode State of Rhode Island. Island Waters (48) Vessels to be boarded should provide a ladder 3 feet (37) Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels and U.S. above the water on the lee side. vessels under register when entering and departing (49) Pilot services are generally arranged at least 24 Narragansett Bay and all ports of the waters of the State hours in advance through ships’ agents or directly by of Rhode Island. shipping companies. (38) Federal and State pilots for Narragansett Bay are available from Northeast Marine Pilots, Inc., Newport, Chart 13221 RI 02840; http://www.nemarinepilots.com; telephone 401-847-9050 (24 hours), 800-274-1216; FAX 401- (50) Sakonnet River, on the easterly side of 847-9052; email: [email protected]. Narragansett Bay, is between the mainland and the (39) Pilots board vessels about 1.5 miles eastward of eastern shore of Rhode Island. The width of the river Narragansett Bay Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy NB varies from 0.7 to 2 miles except at its northern end within an area bounded by where a least width of 0.3 mile is found. The river is lit- (40) 41°23.6'N., 71°22.4'W., tle used except by fishing vessels and small craft. (41) 41°22.6'N., 71°22.0'W., Sakonnet Light (41°27'11\"N., 71°12'09\"W.) is on the (42) 41°24.2'N., 71°20.0'W., eastern side of the southern entrance and marks the (43) 41°22.6'N., 71°20.6'W. This pilot boarding area is western end of the foul ground west-southwest of southward of a line extending from Point Judith to Sakonnet Point. Sakonnet Point. Vessels arriving from sea should ap- proach this boarding station via the Narragansett Bay (51) The channel of Sakonnet River is good for a depth Traffic Separation Scheme inbound traffic lane. of 18 feet from the mouth to Mount Hope Bay. There (44) Vessels bound for Long Island Sound ports may are numerous shoals and outlying rocks, but the dan- board pilots at any point south or east of the Point Ju- gers are well marked by buoys. Except for the breakwa- dith Pilot Station, centered on 41°17.0'N., 071°30.5'W., ter light off Sakonnet Harbor, no lighted aids are in the and outside the waters of the State of Rhode Island. river, and strangers should not attempt to navigate it at (45) Pilots board from the Northeast Marine Pilots, Inc. night. pilot boats NORTHEAST II, NORTHEAST III and NORTHEAST IV. NORTHEAST II is a 47-foot boat and (52) Good anchorage for vessels drawing up to 17 feet NORTHEAST IV is a 52-foot boat; both have unpainted can be had in midriver just below High Hill Point in aluminum hulls and superstructures with the word depths of 21 to 28 feet. Although open to the south- PILOT in red on both sides. NORTHEAST III is a ward, a heavy sea seldom reaches as far as this anchor- 33-foot boat with black hull and white superstructure. age. In southeasterly gales the water is comparatively A vessel should confirm her ETA by VHF-FM radio at smooth inside the mouth of the river. Fishermen seek- least 2 hours before arrival. All Northeast pilot boats ing shelter frequently anchor on the flats in the bight monitor VHF-FM channels 16, 13 and 10, and work on northward of Fogland Point in depths of 10 to 14 feet. 10. (46) Pilots for Narragansett Bay serving U.S. enrolled (53) Sakonnet Point, at the eastern entrance to vessels in coastwise trade are available from the North- Sakonnet River, is surrounded by bare and submerged east Marine Pilots (see above for contact information) rocks. Several islets and islands are south of the point. and the Connecticut State Pilots (a division of Schuyler Ledge, with a least depth of 8 feet, is about 0.8 Interport Pilots Agency, Inc.), address: State Pier, New mile southward of the point, and is marked by a bell London, CT, telephone 800-346-4877 or 908-787-5554 buoy. A seasonal fishtrap area marked by private buoys (24 hours), cable PORTPILOTS Port Monmouth, NJ. is about 0.7 mile southwest of the point. (47) Connecticut State Pilots board vessels from the pi- lot boat CONNECTICUT PILOT, 65 feet long with blue (54) Cormorant Rock, a bare dark rock off the western hull and white superstructure, and from pilot boat side of the entrance to the river, is about 0.8 mile south CONNECTICUT PILOT II, 47 feet long with blue hull of Sachuest Point, the southeastern extremity of Rhode Island. Vessels should not pass between Cormo- rant Rock and Cormorant Reef, 0.3 mile southward of

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 251 the rock. The least depth on the reef is 4 feet; it is (62) The eastern side of Sakonnet River is bolder than marked by a bell buoy. the western side. The east shore should be given a berth (55) The mean range of tide at Sakonnet Point is 3.1 of 0.7 mile from Sakonnet Point to Church Point, a flat feet. (See the Tide Tables for predictions.) point with bluffs at the water, about 2.8 miles north- (56) The two bridges and the remains of the abandoned ward of Sakonnet Point. Old Bull, with a depth of 1 highway bridge at the north end of Sakonnet River act foot, is about 0.5 mile southward of Church Point and as dams to maintain the water at different levels on ei- marked by a buoy. A church spire at Little Compton, ther side of them, causing dangerous currents through about 1.7 miles east of Church Point, is prominent. the openings. The currents change with great rapidity High Hill Point, about 3 miles north of Church Point, both in velocity and in direction, and are characterized is a prominent small hill with bluffs at the water. by a double flood. (See the Tidal Current Tables for pre- Fogland Point, about 0.9 mile northward of High Hill dictions, and the Tidal Current Charts, Narragansett Point, is a projecting prominent point; the westerly and Bay, for hourly velocities and directions of the current.) northerly sides should be given a berth of over 200 Vessels usually pass through the draws near the times yards. Almy Rock, bare at low water, is 0.3 mile south- of slack water. west of Fogland Point. The broad bights between (57) The river north of Fogland Point is usually closed Fogland Point and the bridge are shoal. by ice for short periods each winter. Ice packs occur at the railroad bridge. (63) Nannaquaket Pond, on the east side of Sakonnet (58) Vessels proceeding up Sakonnet River should fol- River eastward of Gould Island, has a narrow entrance 8 low a midriver course to the constricted part of the feet deep crossed by a fixed bridge with a clearance of 12 river, thence follow the channel marked by buoys into feet. The deeper water in the entrance is along the Mount Hope Bay. northern shore; several rocks are off the southern (59) Sakonnet Harbor, a small-boat harbor on the shore. The currents have considerable velocity. The northerly side of Sakonnet Point, about 2 miles north- northern part of the pond has depths up to 26 feet; the eastward of the entrance lighted whistle buoy, is pro- remainder has depths of about 3 feet. tected by an 800-foot breakwater extending in a northerly and easterly direction from Breakwater (64) The Cove, on the western side of the river south of Point. A light marks the outer end. In 2001, the harbor the bridges, has a depth of about 9 feet in the entrance; had a controlling depth of 6.7 feet except for shoaling to the 31-foot-wide fixed highway bridge across the en- 4.8 feet along the southern edge and 1.5 feet along the trance has a clearance of 25 feet. Depths are generally 3 NW edge. The holding ground in the harbor is reported to 4 feet in the cove. to be poor. A marina on the southwest side of the har- bor provides berths, gasoline, diesel fuel, and electric- (65) Tiverton is a town on the eastern bank of Sakonnet ity. In 1981, depths of 6 feet were reported alongside the River north and south of the bridges. Oil tankers call at berths. Tiverton. The oil piers northward of the bridges have (60) The western shore of Sakonnet River from the en- reported depths of about 32 to 35 feet alongside. trance to Sandy Point should be given a berth of 0.4 mile to avoid shoals with depths of 7 to 17 feet. Rocks (66) There are small-craft facilities at Tiverton, across extend up to 500 yards offshore between Sachuest the Sakonnet River at Almy Point, and at Cedar Island Point and Flint Point, about 1 mile northward. Flint Pond approximately 1.1 miles north of Almy Point. The Point Ledge, about 0.5 mile north-northeast of Flint facilities provide berths and mooring, electricity, gaso- Point, has a least depth of 7 feet; a buoy marks the line, diesel fuel, water, ice, pumpout facilities, a ledge. Black Point is a rocky bluff on the western side of launching ramp, a lift to 60 tons, storage, and full re- the river, 2.6 miles northward of Flint Point. Sandy pairs. The facility at Tiverton has an approach depth of Point and McCorrie Point, low and backed by high 35 feet with 12 feet alongside, at Almy Point has an ap- land, are 3.9 and 5.4 miles, respectively, northward of proach depth of 25 feet with 11 feet alongside, and at Flint Point. Cedar Island Pond has an approach depth of 12 feet (61) The channel passes eastward of Gould Island, a with 8 feet alongside. high wooded island, 2.5 miles north-northeastward of McCorrie Point. This Gould Island should not be con- (67) The channel at the north end of Sakonnet River, 0.6 fused with one of the same name in East Passage. A mile above Gould Island, is restricted to a width of 100 rock with a depth of 1 foot is northwestward of the is- feet between the abutments of a former highway land and is marked by a buoy. bridge. The fixed highway bridge, 0.8 mile to the north- ward, has a clearance of 65 feet. In 2009, a replacement fixed highway bridge with a design clearance of 63 feet was under construction near the existing bridge. About 200 feet north of the highway bridge, a railroad bridge across the river has a swing span with a clearance of 12

252 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 feet in the west opening. (See 117.1 through 117.49, rock, is about 0.1 mile southward of the point; a bell chapter 2, for drawbridge regulations.) In 1991, the buoy is about 0.2 mile southwestward of the rock. bridge was reported to be maintained in the open posi- (75) Hull Cove, about 1 mile northeastward of tion. The overhead power cable at the railroad bridge Beavertail Light, is rocky and exposed to southerly has a clearance of 81 feet. winds. Castle Hill, the westernmost point of Rhode Is- land, is marked by Castle Hill Light; a fog signal is at Chart 13223 the light. Castle Hill Coast Guard Station is close east of the light. Butter Ball Rock, about 0.2 mile south of (68) The southern shore of Rhode Island is rocky with the light and marked by a bell buoy, uncovers 1 foot. numerous offlying rocks and ledges. Numerous promi- (76) Mackerel Cove indents the southern shore of nent residences are on the eastern side of Newport Conanicut Island about 1.6 miles northeastward of Neck, the southwestern part of Rhode Island. A large Beavertail Light. A house with a cupola is prominent on brick residence with several towers is on the southeast- Southwest Point, the eastern entrance point of the ern point of Newport Neck. Easton Point is about 1.3 cove. The cove is exposed to southerly weather and is miles eastward of Newport Neck. A stone tower with a seldom used. The Jamestown Bridge shows promi- short spire at each corner can be seen from offshore, nently over the bar at the head of the cove on entering about 0.7 mile northward of Easton Point. Westward of East Passage. Kettle Bottom Rock, about 0.2 mile Easton Point is a bathing beach with a prominent pavil- southeastward of Southwest Point, is bare and marked ion. Several private landings are northward of Goose- by a gong buoy. berry Island, a small islet south of Newport Neck. Local (77) Bull Point, the southeastern point of Conanicut Is- knowledge is required to proceed to the landings. land, is rugged and rocky, and fringed by shoals which are marked by buoys. Fort Wetherill is on the point. (69) East Passage, the principal passage in Narragansett The Dumplings, northeast of Bull Point, are numerous Bay, extends between Rhode Island on the east and bare and covered rocks and islets. The most southerly Conanicut and Prudence Islands on the west. It is the islet has a tall house on it, covering almost the entire most direct route to Newport, Bristol, Providence, islet. Mount Hope Bay, and Taunton River. (78) Fort Adams is on a peninsula off the north side of Newport Neck. The buildings and masonry of the fort (70) The Pell Bridge Newport, a fixed highway suspen- are prominent on the western slope of the peninsula. A sion bridge locally known as the Newport Bridge, dock extending northward from the fort is marked by a crosses East Passage about 3.6 miles above the en- light and fog signal. trance, between Jamestown and Newport. Clearances (79) Newport Harbor, on the western shore of Rhode Is- through the 1,500-foot center span are 213 feet at the land and the eastern side of East Passage, 3.5 miles center, 205 for the mid 1,000 feet, and 194 feet for the above Beavertail Light, is an important harbor of ref- remainder of the center span. A racon is at the bridge. uge for coasters, tows, and yachts. Its approach is well marked by navigational aids, and the harbor is of easy (71) Brenton Point is the southwestern extremity of access day and night. A State regulatory buoy in the en- Rhode Island and the eastern entrance point of East trance to the inner harbor marks a “5 mph no wake” Passage. zone. Goat Island, 0.6 mile long in a north-south direc- tion, is a major pleasure boating center and divides (72) Brenton Reef, bare in places, extends 0.5 mile Newport Harbor into an outer and inner harbor. The south-southwestward of the point and is marked by a outer harbor, on the western side of Goat Island, is gong buoy. Another reef extends 0.5 mile offshore just northward of The Dumplings and southward of Gould eastward of the point; Seal Rock is at the southeastern Island. The inner harbor is on the eastern side of Goat end of the reef. Island and extends along the western front of Newport. (80) A marina, hotel, recreational and service facilities, (73) Seal Ledge, about 0.5 mile south of Seal Rock, has and marine supplies are available on Goat Island. depths of 12 to 30 feet and is marked by a bell buoy. (81) Newport, a city on the inner harbor, is one of the Haycock Ledge, 0.4 mile eastward of Seal Rock, has a principal summer resorts on the Atlantic Coast. Some least depth of 11 feet. coastwise traffic uses the port, but few foreign vessels enter it. A Naval Education and Training Center is here, (74) Beavertail Point is the southern extremity of from which several Navy ships operate. Conanicut Island, on the western side of the entrance to East Passage. Beavertail Light (41°26'58\"N., 71°23'58\"W.), 64 feet above the water, is shown from a square granite tower attached to a white dwelling at Beavertail Point. A fog signal is at the light and a radar tower is north of the light. Newton Rock, a covered

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 253 Prominent features southward from Rose Island and is marked by a buoy. A (82) The following objects are prominent when ap- private light marks the southwest point of the island. Mitchell Rock, with a depth of 14 feet and marked by a proaching Newport Harbor either from the southward gong buoy, is about 0.1 mile southeast of the dock on or northward: a hotel on Goat Island; a white building the southeast side of the island. Citing Rock, 2 feet of the yacht club near Ida Lewis Rock in the southerly high, is 350 yards east of the north end of the island and part of the harbor; church spires in the town; and the on the edge of the shoal surrounding Rose Island. buildings of the Naval Education and Training Center Tracey Ledge, covered 10 feet, is about 0.3 mile east- and Naval War College on Coasters Harbor Island in the ward of Rose Island and marked by a buoy. north part of the harbor. To the westward on Conanicut (91) Gull Rocks are about midway between Rose Island Island are several large hotels and a standpipe. Numer- and Coasters Harbor Island. Buoys mark the ends of the ous navigational aids mark the passages through the shoals and rocks that extend northward and southward harbor. of the rocks. There is deep water between Gull Rocks, (83) The entrance to the outer harbor from the south- Rose Island, and Coasters Harbor Island. A rock, cov- ward is unobstructed; the entrance from northward, ered 17 feet and marked by a buoy, is about 0.3 mile passing either side of Gould Island, is clear, but the pas- north-northwestward of Gull Rocks. sage eastward of Rose Island is partly obstructed by the (92) Off the northern and southern sides of Coasters rocks and ledges between Rose and Coasters Harbor Is- Harbor Island are numerous rocks and ledges. A pri- lands. vate light marks an obstruction in the channel south of (84) The inner harbor has two entrances north and the island. St. Patrick Rock, covered 5 feet, is about 0.3 south of Goat Island. A fixed highway bridge with a mile southeastward of the island. The island has nu- 40-foot span and a clearance of 14 feet connects the merous buildings. Two highway bridges connecting the Newport mainland to the northern part of Goat Island. island to Newport have 31-foot fixed spans with clear- This bridge limits the size of vessels that can enter the ances of 3 feet. Overhead power cables of unknown inner harbor from the northern approach. clearance cross the harbor 0.1 mile north of the north- (85) General anchorages are in the outer and inner har- ern bridge. bor and, except in emergencies, vessels must anchor in (93) The western portion of the outer harbor is gener- these areas. (See 110.1 and 110.145, (a) (1), (a) (3) ally free of dangers northward of The Dumplings. through (a) (5), and (d), chapter 2, for limits and reg- ulations.) Special anchorages are in Brenton Cove and Tides in the inner harbor east and northeast of Goat Island. (94) The mean range of tide is 3.5 feet. (See the Tide Tables (See 110.1, 110.1a, and 110.46, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Vessels of more than 18-foot draft an- for predictions.) chor in the outer harbor in depths of 36 to 100 feet with good holding ground. Currents (86) Good anchorage is in Brenton Cove, the bight east- (95) In the entrance off Bull Point the flood current is ward of Fort Adams, which is used frequently by yachts. When entering, the western shore should be given a often irregular. There may be a long period of slack wa- berth of 200 yards. ter preceding the flood, or there may be a double flood. (87) In 1981, the harbormaster requested that transient The flood reaches a strength of about 1.2 knots; the ebb craft anchor only in the northern part of the Brenton is regular and averages 1.5 knots at strength. Cove anchorage and in the anchorage northeast of Goat (96) Northward of Bull Point, tidal current velocities Island. seldom exceed 1 knot. In the inner harbor they are usu- (88) Shoals with little water over them make out nearly ally less than 0.5 knot. (See the Tidal Current Tables for 300 yards from the southern shore of the inner harbor predictions, and the Tidal Current Charts, Narragansett to Ida Lewis Rock and Little Ida Lewis Rock; the latter Bay, for hourly velocities and directions of the current.) is marked by a daybeacon. (89) Goat Island is marked by a light at its northern end Weather, Newport and vicinity and a lighted bell buoy at its southern end. Buoys mark (97) The prevailing winds are southwesterly in the sum- the shoals along the southeasterly and southwesterly sides of the island. mer and northwesterly in the winter. The heaviest gales (90) Rose Island, privately owned, is surrounded by a are usually from the northwest and northeast. shoal with little water over it. The shoal extends about (98) The harbor and its approaches are navigable 0.4 mile northeastward of the island where it rises throughout the year, although in severe winters ice abruptly from deep water. A rocky area extends may interfere with navigation in the inner harbor for short periods. Vessels and tugs keep ice well broken up in the main channel through the inner harbor.

254 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 (99) July is the warmest month with an average maxi- Supplies mum of 79°F (26.1°C) and average minimum of 63°F (109) Gasoline, diesel oil, diesel fuel, water, provisions, (17.2°C). January is the coldest month, having normal mean temperatures near freezing, that is, average max- and marine supplies may be obtained at Newport. imum of 38°F (3.3°C) and average minimum of 23°F (110) Launch services are available in the harbor. (-5°C). The extreme maximum temperature for New- port is 98°F (36.7°C) recorded in August 1975 while the Repairs extreme minimum is -9°F (-22.8°C) recorded in Janu- (111) Newport has a commercial shipyard specializing in ary 1982. repair, construction, and conversion of steel and alumi- (100) Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed through- num vessels. The marine railway is at the shipyard in out the year averaging about 45 inches (1143 mm) in the inner harbor and can handle vessels to 330 feet any given year. The wettest month is November averag- long, 63 feet wide, and 21.6 feet in draft. Cranes to 60 ing 4.57 inches (116 mm) and the driest month is July tons are available. averaging only 2.94 inches (75 mm). Total snowfall for the winter season averages about 20 inches (508 mm); Small-craft facilities however, melting is usually rapid and snow cover rarely (112) There are numerous facilities in Newport harbor. lasts more than a few days. The greatest snowfall in a 24-hour period was 20.0 inches (508 mm) in February Mobile hoists up to 60 tons are available. Complete 1978. January is the snowiest month averaging over small-craft hull and engine repairs can be made. seven inches (178 mm). Snow is absent from May through September. An average of only five days each Communications year has snowfall amounts greater than 1.5 inches (38 (113) Newport has bus and rail transportation. In the mm). summer the ferry between Block Island and Providence (101) See Appendix B for the Newport climatological ta- calls at Newport. ble (114) Jamestown is a town on the east side of Conanicut Pilotage, Newport Island in a bight on the west side of East Passage. A (102) See Pilotage, Narragansett Bay and Other Rhode Is- standpipe in the southern part of the town and a hotel near the waterfront are prominent. The bight is a popu- land Waters (indexed as such), early this chapter. lar summer anchorage for local craft. A marina basin protected by a detached breakwater is in the center of Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultural the bight. Jamestown has two boatyards. The largest quarantine marine railway can handle craft to 80 feet, and the larg- (103) (See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival Inspections, and Ap- est lift is 50 tons. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel pendix A for addresses.) fuel, water, ice, some marine supplies, and complete (104) Quarantine is enforced in accordance with regula- hull, engine, and electronic repairs are available. tions of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Public Health Service, chapter 1.) (115) Potter Cove is about 1 mile above the marina basin (105) Newport is a customs port of entry. just north of Taylor Point. This cove should not be con- (106) The Coast Guard vessel documentation office at fused with the Potter Cove off Prudence Island. About 1 Providence serves Newport. (See Appendix A for ad- mile north of Taylor Point are the ruins of a pontoon dress.) pier. Harbor regulations (116) Coddington Point is about 0.5 mile northward of (107) The harbormaster, under the supervision of the Coasters Harbor Island on the east shore of East Pas- sage. Bishop Rock Shoal, 0.6 mile southwestward of Recreation Department, is charged with the enforce- the point, is covered 9 feet and marked by a lighted bell ment of harbor regulations, the movement of vessels, buoy. The Sisters, rocks awash westward of the point, and assignment of moorings and anchoring. The are marked by a buoy. harbormaster may be contacted through the Police De- partment. The speed limit inside the harbor is 5 mph. (117) Coddington Cove, eastward of Coddington Point, is protected on its north side by a curving breakwater 0.7 Wharves mile long, marked at its end by a light and fog signal. (108) Facilities include a city wharf and numerous pri- Two long finger piers are inside the cove; the north side of the northerly pier is used by the Navy, and the south- vate piers. The depths alongside the principal piers erly pier is used by a shipyard. Depths of 30 feet are re- range from about 7 to 18 feet. ported alongside both piers. Navy buildings on shore and buildings at the shipyard are conspicuous.

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 255 Restricted Area Chart 13224 (118) Coddington Cove is within a naval restricted area. (127) Hog Island, about 1 mile north of Arnold Point, lies (See 334.81, chapter 2, for limits and regulations). in the entrance to Bristol Harbor, dividing the waters into two channels. The island has a rolling wooded ter- Danger Zone rain on which are a few houses and cottages. Shoal wa- (119) A prohibited area surrounds Gould Island and ex- ter surrounds the island extending as much as 0.4 mile southward and 0.8 mile northward. The shoal area is tends north to include waters between Conanicut Is- marked by lights and buoys. land and Prudence Island. (See 334.80, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) (128) About 0.6 mile east-northeastward of Hog Island Shoal Light is Musselbed Shoals, marked on the outer (120) Gould Island, a military reservation, is about 2 end by a light. From the light structure a directional miles north of Rose Island and 0.8 mile east of light is shown to mark the channel to Mount Hope Bay. Conanicut Island. A light is on the south end of the is- land. The island is sparsely wooded. Charts 13221, 13227 (121) Halfway Rock and Fiske Rock are about 1.8 miles (129) Mount Hope Bay, in the northeastern part of northeastward of Gould Island, on a small ledge bare at Narragansett Bay, is the approach to the city of Fall its southern end. Halfway Rock is marked by a daybeacon River and Taunton River. There are two approaches to and Fiske Rock by a buoy. Strangers should not pass be- the bay. The approach from the Sakonnet River, previ- tween these aids. ously discussed, is little used. The approach from East Passage is well marked, and with care 34 feet can be (122) A mussel farming area is about 1.3 miles northeast carried in the channel into the bay. of the breakwater at Coddington Cove in the vicinity of the pier at Lawtons. Submerged equipment and nu- (130) Fall River, on the eastern shore of the mouth of merous buoys extend several hundred yards offshore Taunton River and head of Mount Hope Bay, is an im- and for about 0.5 mile north of the pier. Caution is ad- portant manufacturing center as well as distribution vised in the area. point of petroleum products. Principal products han- dled through the port are petroleum products, latex, (123) Dyer Island, about 0.8 mile eastward of the south- shellac, cotton, and some lumber. ern portion of Prudence Island, is low and brush cov- ered. A reef, partly bare, extends 0.4 miles southward (131) Somerset, about 5.3 miles, and Dighton, about 7.5 and southwestward of the island, and is marked by a miles above the Fall River, are towns on the west side of buoy. Between the shoal area south of Dyer Island and Taunton River. Taunton, a manufacturing city, is at the Rhode Island is a bar with depths of 9 to 18 feet over it. head of navigation about 12.5 miles above Fall River. North of Dyer Island is a reef with depths of 6 to 18 feet. (132) Mount Hope Bridge crosses the entrance to Mount (124) Melville, a military fueling facility, is on the west Hope Bay between Bristol Point and Rhode Island. The shore of Rhode Island, east of Dyer Island. Depths bridge has two lighted towers which are visible for alongside the fuel piers range from 30 to 35 feet. An ele- many miles in clear weather and a racon. It is a high- vated spherical tank, about 0.6 mile south-southeast- level suspension highway bridge with a clearance of ward of the fuel facility, is prominent. 135 feet. (125) A small-craft facility is in a basin at Coggeshall (133) Mount Hope is a prominent hill on the western side Point, just north of Melville. Berths, gasoline, diesel of the bay 2 miles northeastward of the suspension fuel, electricity, water, ice, complete marine supplies, bridge. The eastern and western slopes are wooded. and a 50-ton mobile hoist are available; engine, hull, Spar Island is a small, low island near the center of and electronic repairs can be made. In 1981, depths of 9 Mount Hope Bay. to 15 feet were reported in the basin. A lighted wind turbine is about 0.9 mile northeast of Coggeshall Point. (134) Borden Flats, the shoal area northward of the channel in Fall River Harbor, is marked by a light (126) Near Arnold Point, about 2 miles north of Melville equipped with a fog signal. on Rhode Island, is a large prominent lumber mill with a conspicuous stack. A privately dredged channel with a (135) Three shallow streams that empty into the north- reported depth of about 29 feet in 1981 leads to a ern part of Mount Hope Bay are entered only by local 600-foot pier at the mill. In 1981, the pier was not in small craft. Kickamuit River, the westerly one, has a use and was reported to be in disrepair. narrow buoyed entrance through which the currents have considerable velocity. The buoyed channel has a depth of about 6 feet. Cole River, the middle of the

256 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 three, is buoyed on the east side of the entrance. South Bridges Swansea, on the west shore of Gardners Neck, has a (142) At Fall River, two highway bridges cross Taunton boatyard with a 25-ton mobile hoist and a marine rail- way that can handle craft up to 50 feet for hull, engine, River. The first, a fixed bridge at State Pier, has a clear- and electronic repairs or storage. Berths, electricity, ance of 135 feet; a privately maintained fog signal is gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, and marine supplies are sounded from the bridge. The second, Brightman available. In 1981, a reported depth of 6 feet could be Street Bridge, about 1.1 miles above the fixed bridge at carried to the boatyard. State Pier, has a bascule span with a clearance of 27 (136) A highway bridge, about 1.5 miles above the en- feet. The bridgetender monitors VHF-FM channel 16 trance, has a 41-foot fixed span with a clearance of 7 and works on channel 13; call sign WQA-833. In 2000, a feet. Lee River, the easterly stream, is navigable to a replacement bascule bridge was under construction fixed bridge about 1.2 miles above the entrance. A shoal about 0.2 mile above the existing Brightman Street in midchannel just north of the narrow opening Bridge with a design clearance of 60 feet. through the fill, 0.8 mile above Brayton Point, has a (143) Between Fall River and Taunton, the river is depth of 1 foot. crossed by three bridges. The highway bridge at Berkley, about 5 miles above Fall River, has a swing Channels span with a clearance of 7 feet. Weir Bridge, the fixed (137) A Federal project provides for a channel 35 feet highway bridge at Taunton, has a clearance of 10 feet; the fixed railroad bridge, about 0.2 mile upstream from deep through Mount Hope Bay to about 0.9 mile above Weir Bridge, has a clearance of 9 feet. (See 117.1 the Brightman Street Bridge across Taunton River at through 117.59 and 117.619, chapter 2, for draw- Fall River. (See Notice to Mariners and latest editions of bridge regulations.) The overhead power cables cross- the charts for controlling depths.) ing Taunton River have least clearances of 145 feet at (138) A dredged side channel, about 0.2 mile north of Fall River and 65 feet near Taunton. Common Fence Point (41°39.3'N., 71°13.3'W.) at the north end of Rhode Island, leads eastward from the Caution main channel into North and South Branch channels. (144) The fender protection on the southeast side of the In 2004, the side channel had a reported controlling depth of 33.1 feet, with 20.7 feet available in the North Brightman Street bridge has been destroyed, and the Branch channel, along the North Tiverton waterfront, Captain of the Port, Providence, has ordered that out- and 23.7 feet available in the South Branch channel. bound barges in excess of 1,000 gross tons pass (139) A privately dredged side channel, about 3.3 miles through the bridge only on the flood tide. northeastward of Common Fence Point and marked by buoys and a 326° private lighted range, leads Tides northwestward from the main channel to a powerplant (145) The mean range of tide is 4.4 feet at Fall River and wharf on the east side of Brayton Point. In 1998, the channel had a reported controlling depth of 34 feet, ex- 2.8 feet at Taunton. (See the Tide Tables for predic- cept for shoaling to 33 feet in the entrance widening tions.) and 24 feet along the west edge of the widening. (140) A dredged channel in Taunton River leads from Currents Somerset to Peters Point, 6.7 miles above the (146) In Taunton River the currents generally follow the Brightman Street Bridge, thence to Taunton, 12.5 miles above Fall River. In 2001, the channel had a con- direction of the channel and, except at bridges, do not trolling depth of 6.4 feet to Peters Point, thence 4 feet hinder navigation. The ebb is usually stronger than the was reported to be available to Taunton. Local knowl- flood. (See the Tidal Current Tables for predictions, and edge is required from Dighton to Taunton. Buoys mark the Tidal Current Charts, Narragansett Bay, for hourly the channel to about a mile beyond the Berkley Bridge, velocities and directions of the current.) about 3.5 miles below Taunton. Weather, Narragansett Bay and vicinity Anchorages (147) The prevailing winds are northeasterly for all but (141) Fall River Harbor has no designated anchorages. the summer months, when the direction is southwest- Vessels may anchor on either side of the dredged ap- erly. The heaviest gales are usually from the northwest. proach channel in the outer harbor or at any locality in The approach channel and harbor are generally free Mount Hope Bay where depth and bottom are suitable; from ice and are navigable throughout the year. the chart is the best guide. Taunton River is commonly closed from December to March. During severe winters the harbor and Mount Hope Bay are occasionally frozen over, but the

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 257 channels to the principal wharves are kept open by ves- (159) Northeast Petroleum Corp., Pier 1: about 250 yards sels and tugs operating in the harbor. north of Texaco Inc. Terminal; 120-foot face, 700 feet with dolphins; 32 feet alongside; deck height, 9 feet; re- Pilotage, Fall River ceipt of petroleum products; owned and operated by (148) See Pilotage, Narragansett Bay and Other Rhode Is- Northeast Petroleum Corp. land Waters (indexed as such), early this chapter. (160) Northeast Petroleum Corp., Pier 2: about 250 yards north of Northeast Petroleum Corp., Pier 1; 40-foot Towage face, 700 feet with dolphins; 34 feet alongside; deck (149) Tugs to 2,200 hp are available at Fall River and tugs height, 9 feet; receipt of petroleum products; owned and operated by Northeast Petroleum Corp. to 3,300 hp are available from Providence for use at Fall River. Vessels are usually met 2 miles below their berth. (161) Fuel Storage Co., Tiverton Terminal Pier: east side Large vessels normally require tugs for docking and of Mount Hope Bay, 1.5 miles northward of Northeast undocking. Arrangements for tug service should be Petroleum Corp., Pier 2; 50-foot face, 795 feet with dol- made at least 6 hours in advance, usually through phins; 35 feet alongside; deck height, 9 feet; receipt of ships’ agents or directly by shipping companies. Tugs petroleum products; owned and operated by Fuel Stor- are dispatched 24 hours a day. The tugs monitor age Co. VHF-FM channels 10, 13, 16, and 18A, and use channel 7A as a working frequency. (162) Facilities at Fall River, east side of Taunton River (chart 13227): Borden and Remington Corp. Wharf: Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultural (41°42'10\"N., 71°10'09\"W.); 380-foot face, 28 feet quarantine alongside; deck height, 10 feet; receipt of latex and (150) (See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival Inspections, and Ap- caustic soda; owned by Tillotson Co. and operated by pendix A for addresses.) Borden and Remington Corp. (151) Fall River is a customs port of entry. (152) Quarantine is enforced in accordance with regula- (163) State Pier: 0.2 mile northeast of Borden and tions of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Public Remington Corp. Wharf; 398-foot face, 18 to 35 feet Health Service, chapter 1.) Fall River has several hospi- alongside; lower side 620 feet long, 35 feet alongside; tals. deck heights, 17 feet; 85,000 square feet covered stor- (153) The Coast Guard vessel documentation office at age, about 7 acres of open storage; receipt and ship- New Bedford, MA, serves Fall River. (See Appendix A for ment of general and roll-on/roll-off cargo; owned by address.) the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, operated by Fall (154) The harbormaster can be contacted through Fall River Line Pier, Inc. River City Hall. (164) The battleship USS MASSACHUSETTS, World Wharves War II memorial, and three other U.S. Navy vessels are (155) The piers and wharves at Fall River are along the berthed just northward of the State Pier. Taunton and Sakonnet Rivers and in Mount Hope Bay. (165) Shell Oil Co. Wharf: about 2 miles above State Pier; Only the deep-draft facilities are described. For a com- 570-foot face, 700 feet with dolphins; 30 feet alongside; plete description of the port facilities refer to Port Se- deck height, 13 feet; receipt and shipment of petroleum ries No. 4, published and sold by the U.S. Army Corps of products, receipt of naphtha; owned and operated by Engineers. (See Appendix A for address.) The alongside Shell Oil Co. depths are reported; for information on the latest depths contact the operator. All the facilities described (166) Facilities on west side of Taunton River (chart have highway connections. Fresh water is available at 13227): most of the piers and wharves. Cargo in the port is usu- ally handled by ship’s tackle. (167) Brayton Point Station Dock: (41°42'33\"N., (156) The speed limit is 5 knots in the channel off the 71°11'21\"W.); 1,017 feet long; 34 feet alongside; deck piers and wharves. height, 15 feet; coal unloading tower serves conveyor (157) Facilities at Tiverton, RI (chart 13221): belt system, unloading rate 1,000 tons per hour; receipt (158) Texaco Inc. Tiverton Terminal: (41°38'50\"N., of fuel oil and coal; owned and operated by New Eng- 71°12'40\"W.); 50-foot face, 721 feet with dolphins; 35 land Power Co. feet alongside; deck height, 11 feet; receipt of petroleum products; owned by Texaco, Inc.; not being operated in (168) Montaup Electric Co. Wharf: about 2.5 miles above 1983. Brayton Station Dock; 645 feet long, 34 feet alongside; deck height, 10 feet; two coal unloading towers serve conveyor belts, combined unloading rate 1,200 tons per hour; receipt of coal and fuel oil; owned and oper- ated by Montaup Electric Co.

258 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 Supplies feet extends on each side of the island. Excellent an- (169) Provisions, marine supplies, gasoline, and water chorage may be found in the harbor abreast the town in depths of 15 to 17 feet, soft bottom. A general anchor- can be obtained in Fall River. Water is available at most age is in Bristol Harbor. (See 110.1 and 110.145 (c) of the berths. and (d), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) (177) Usher Rocks, about 0.7 mile northeastward of Repairs Popasquash Point, are bare at low water. A buoy is east- (170) Fall River has no drydocking or major repair facili- ward of the rocks and a lighted bell buoy is on the west- ern side of the western passage to the harbor. ties for deep-draft vessels; the nearest such facilities are (178) The mean range of tide at Bristol is 4.1 feet. at Boston, MA. (179) Depths alongside the piers and wharves range from (171) Fall River has two small shipyards, on the west side 9 to 13 feet. of the harbor about 0.6 mile above the fixed bridge and (180) A Coast Guard vessel is moored at Bristol. The on the east side of the harbor about 0.9 mile below the Coast Guard pier is marked by a light. fixed bridge. The northerly shipyard has a marine rail- (181) A marina and yacht club are on the west side of the way that can handle vessels to 100 feet long with drafts harbor. Guest moorings, electricity, water, ice, marine of 7 feet forward and 13 feet aft. The yard can make re- supplies, and hull and engine repairs are available. A pairs to wooden, steel, and aluminum vessels at their mobile hoist at the marina can handle craft to 42 feet berths. The southerly yard specializes in the construc- long. Launching ramps are available on the east side of tion and conversion of steel vessels. Cranes to 250 tons the harbor. In 1993, a reported depth of about 8 feet are available for hauling out vessels. In 1981, depths of could be carried to the marina. 22 to 23 feet were reported alongside. (182) Potter Cove, on the northeast side of Prudence Is- land, is a small nearly landlocked harbor. Buoys mark Small-craft facilities the entrance channel off Gull Point. In 2002, a sunken (172) Small-craft facilities are at Fall River, Somerset wreck in about 41°38.2'N., 71°19.2'W. was about 0.75 mile southeast of the entrance to Potter Cove. The opposite Fall River, Taunton, and at Dighton. Berths, north and south ends of Prudence Island are a State electricity, gasoline, water, ice, pump-out facilities, park. Ohio Ledge, about 2.5 miles northward of Potter launching ramps, marine supplies, storage, and hull, Cove, has a least depth of 8 feet and is marked on its engine, and electronic repairs are available. The largest southeast side by a bell buoy. marine railways, at Dighton, can handle craft to 55 feet. (183) Warren River, emptying into the head of Mobile hoists and lifts to 35 tons are at Fall River, as is a Narragansett Bay westward of Bristol Neck, is the ap- pumpout facility. proach to the towns of Warren and Barrington, and Barrington River, which joins Warren River at Warren. Communications A church spire in Warren is prominent. (173) Fall River has railroad freight service and bus ser- (184) From the bay, the channel to Warren passes be- tween numerous shoals and rocks and is crooked and vice. winding, but well marked. A depth of about 9 feet is in the channel to the lower wharves at Warren, and the Chart 13224 same depth is in Barrington River to the fixed highway bridge about 0.5 mile above the entrance. (174) Bristol Harbor, between Bristol Neck on the east (185) In 2002, a sunken wreck in about 41°43.65'N., end and Popasquash Neck on the west, is in a cove 71°17.25'W. is on the west side of Warren River. about 2 miles long and 1.3 miles wide at its southern (186) A State regulatory buoy, about 0.9 mile above the end, narrowing to 0.4 mile wide at its northern end. mouth of Warren River, marks a “Slow no wake” zone. The harbor proper, the northern part of the cove, has (187) An excellent anchorage may be found at the mouth depths of 15 to 17 feet. of the Warren River about 0.2 mile from the eastern shore in depths of 14 to 15 feet, soft bottom. There is (175) Bristol is a town on the eastern side of the harbor. not room for anchorage in the river for any but small In approaching the harbor the most prominent mark is craft. Abreast the lower end of Warren the channel is Mount Hope Bridge. Also prominent are the navigation about 0.1 mile wide, with depths of 13 to 17 feet in lights, a stone tower, a stack, and an elevated tank on midchannel, and small vessels can anchor temporarily high ground back of the town. The town has bus ser- at this point. vice. A ferry operates daily from Bristol to Prudence Is- land, and summer ferry service is available to Hog Island. (176) Hog Island is in the middle of the entrance to Bris- tol Harbor. A natural channel with depths of 19 to 25

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 259 (188) Vessels approaching the river must take care to commerce is in petroleum products, cement, lumber, avoid Rumstick Shoal, which extends nearly 0.6 mile steel scrap metal, general cargo, and automobiles. south of Rumstick Point, the southernmost point of (196) Occupessatuxet Cove, on the west side of the river Rumstick Neck and the western entrance point of the north of Conimicut Point, is a shallow bight south of river. The shoal has depths of 2 to 12 feet and is marked Gaspee Point. The cove is frequented only by small by buoys. Rumstick Rock, 6 feet high, and Rumstick craft with local knowledge. Ledge, with rocks that uncover 1 to 5 feet, are on the (197) Pawtuxet Cove, used by pleasure and fishing craft, westerly side of the shoal. on the west side of Providence River, is entered about 1 mile northward of Gaspee Point through a dredged (189) About 0.5 mile above the mouth of Barrington channel. The entrance channel leads westward to the River is a fixed highway bridge with a clearance of 9 cove, thence the channel turns northward and leads to feet. In 2004, the highway bridge was being demol- a turning basin at the head of the cove. An anchorage ished; a new fixed highway bridge with a design clear- basin extends southward from the entrance channel. ance of 10 feet was under construction at the same The entrance channel is marked by lighted and location; upon completion it will replace the demol- unlighted buoys. A State regulatory buoy, at the junc- ished bridge and a temporary highway bridge. The tem- tion of the entrance channel and the channel to the porary highway bridge is in use just south of the head, marks a “Slow-no-wake” zone. In 2006, the con- demolished bridge, and has a clearance of 9 feet. About trolling depths were 6 feet in the entrance channel, 100 yards upstream from the highway bridge is a fixed thence 3.9 feet (6 feet at midchannel) to the turning ba- bicycle bridge with a 30-foot span on the east side of the sin at the head of the cove with 4.7 to 6 feet in the basin; river and a clearance of 5 feet. In 1978, rocks were re- 3.6 to 6 feet was available in the anchorage basin south- ported under the bicycle bridge. ward of the entrance channel. In 1976, a rock awash was in about 41°45'25\"N., 71°23'10\"W., on the west (190) The mean range of tide at Warren is 4.6 feet. The edge of the anchorage basin. A 12-foot-high protective tidal current off the town of Warren has a velocity of dike along the east side of the anchorage basin extends about 1 knot. Strong currents may be encountered in southward from Marsh Island, on the south side of the Barrington River. entrance channel, to Rock Island. Pawtuxet is a village on the west side of the cove. (191) The harbormaster controls docking, mooring, and (198) The harbormaster in the cove controls anchoring anchoring, and can be contacted through the Warren and berthing; he can be contacted through the Police Department. Warwick City Hall. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, and a 15-ton mobile (192) A shipyard on the east side of the Warren River at hoist are available. A flatbed trailer can haul out craft to Warren has a hydraulic lift that can handle vessels to 50 feet long for complete hull and engine repairs. 300 tons or 130 feet long. In 1981, a reported depth of 7 (199) A yacht club is on the west side of Providence River feet could be carried to the shipyard. about 1 mile northward of the entrance to Pawtuxet Cove. Gasoline and guest berths are available. (193) Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, (200) A privately dredged channel leads from the main and marine supplies are available in Warren. Depths re- channel in Providence River, eastward of Pawtuxet, to a ported alongside the major wharves range from 7 to 20 small-craft facility about 0.45 mile southwestward of feet. Small craft facilities are also available on the point Fields Point (41°47.2'N., 71°22.9'W.). The channel is near the confluence of the two rivers. Several boatyards marked by buoys and, in 1998, had a reported control- are in the vicinity; mobile hoists to 25 tons are avail- ling depth of 8 feet. The ruins of the piers of a former able. Covered storage and complete engine, electronic, Naval Reserve facility are on the south side of Fields and hull repairs are available. Point immediately eastward of the yacht club; this area should be avoided. Charts 13224, 13225 (201) Bullock Cove, on the east side of Providence River 2 miles north of Conimicut Point, is the scene of con- (194) Providence River, which empties into the head of siderable pleasure boat activity. A dredged channel Narragansett Bay between Nayatt Point and Conimicut leads from the Providence River to a mooring basin on Point, is the approach to the city of Providence, numer- the east side of Bullock Point, thence northward 0.5 ous towns and villages, and to Seekonk River. mile to a mooring and turning basin. In 2010, the con- trolling depths were 8 feet in the entrance channel to (195) Providence is at the head of navigation on the Prov- the mooring basin east of Bullock Point except idence River, about 7 miles above the entrance, at the junction of the Providence and Seekonk Rivers. The port area includes both sides of the upper navigable channel of the river. The port’s chief waterborne

260 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 shoaling to 6.8 feet within 10 feet of the channel limit, above Cold Spring Point. The lower section of the river, thence 5.7 feet in the basin, thence 6 feet to the upper from Fox Point to Cold Spring Point, is crooked and basin and 5.9 feet in the basin. The entrance channel is winding and marked by buoys. Local knowledge and marked by buoys and daybeacons. In 1982, a sunken use of the chart are required to carry the best water. wreck was reported on the west side of the channel at Three areas of submerged boulders with angle iron Bullock Point. There are numerous small-craft facili- protrusions, the remains of the approaches and pivot ties in Bullock Cove. The largest marine railway, on pier of a former swing bridge, are in the river channel Bullock Neck about 300 yards northward of Bullock at Cold Spring Point in about 41°49'36.5\"N., Point, can handle craft up to 60 feet; berths, electricity, 71°22'48.5\"W. The shoreward areas have a least depth gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage, launching of 3½ feet, and the area at about midchannel has a least ramps, marine supplies, a pump-out facility, a 45-ton depth of 12 feet. In 2006, the controlling depths were mobile crane, a 99-ton mobile hoist, and hull, engine 4.7 feet (7.7 feet at midchannel) to Buoy 27, thence 4.3 and electronic repairs are available. Sail repairs can be feet (5.5 feet at midchannel) to the head of the project arranged nearby. just below Division Street Bridge. A 5 mph no wake (202) Seekonk River, which branches off northeasterly zone, marked by State regulatory buoys, is in the en- from Providence River at Providence, is the approach trance channel and above Cold Spring Point. to Phillipsdale and Pawtucket. The head of navigation is at Pawtucket, 5 miles above the mouth. Commerce Anchorages on the river is chiefly in petroleum products. A marina (207) Vessels anchor as directed by the harbormaster on at Pawtucket can provide berths, electricity, water, gas- oline, storage facilities, marine supplies, and hull and the edge of the channel between Fields Point and Fox engine repairs. A flatbed trailer at the marina can haul Point. Eastward of Fox Point, a few vessels may anchor out craft to 40 feet long. In 1981, a reported depth of 12 in the area where a portion of Green Jacket Shoal was feet was available alongside the marina berths. removed. Preferred small-craft anchorages are in Bull- ock Cove and Pawtuxet Cove. Prominent features Dangers (203) Conimicut Light (41°43'01\"N., 71°20'42\"W.), 58 (208) Numerous rocks and ledges border Providence feet above the water, is shown from a white conical River Channel on either side. Navigational aids mark tower on a brown cylindrical pier on the west side of the the shoal areas off Bullock Point, about 1.5 miles above entrance to Providence River. A fog signal is sounded at the mouth; off Sabin Point, about 3 miles above the the light station. An abandoned lighthouse on Nayatt Mouth; off Pomham Rocks, about 3.5 miles above the Point is also prominent in the approach to the river. mouth; off Fuller Rock, about 5 miles above the mouth and Green Jacket Shoal, east of Fox Point about 7.4 Channels miles above the mouth. (204) The Federal project for Providence River provides (209) Providence River channel, between Narragansett for a channel 40 feet deep from just below Prudence Is- Bay Entrance Lighted Whistle Buoy NB and Fox Point, land Light to Fox Point near the junction of Provi- is a regulated navigation area. (See 165.1 through dence and Seekonk Rivers. (See Notice to Mariners and 165.13, and 165.122, chapter 2, for limits and regula- latest editions of the charts for controlling depths.) The tions.) channel is well marked with navigational aids. (205) A hurricane barrier crosses the Providence River Bridges about 200 yards above Fox Point. The barrier includes (210) There are no bridges over Providence River be- three gates which normally will be kept in the opened position until the approach of hurricane weather. The tween the mouth and the principal wharves. In 2003, a clearances at each of the three river gates are: horizon- fixed highway bridge with a design clearance of 35 feet tal, 20 feet; vertical (gate fully opened), 21 feet at mean was under construction close south of the Fox Point high water; and depth over the gate sill, 12.9 feet at Hurricane Barrier. Point Street Bridge, about 0.3 mile mean low water. Red lights mark the channel ends of above Fox Point, has a fixed span with a clearance of 7 each gate. feet. Two overhead power cables cross the river be- (206) Seekonk River empties into the easterly side of tween this bridge and the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier; Providence River at Fox Point. A marked dredged chan- least clearance is 60 feet. A fixed highway bridge about nel leads from Cold Spring Point, about 1.3 miles 300 yards north of Point Street Bridge has a clearance above Fox Point, to a point about 150 yards southward of 26 feet. of Division Street Bridge at Pawtucket, about 2.9 miles

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 261 (211) In Seekonk River, an overhead power cable cross- all-time minimum is -13°F (-25°C) recorded in January ing at India Point, 0.5 mile above the mouth, has a 1976. clearance of 130 feet. Just above India Point several (216) Measurable precipitation occurs on about 178 days bridges cross the river within 0.9 mile. The name of the each year. November is the wettest month averaging bridge, type, and clearance follows: Washington Bridge 4.48 inches (114 mm) and June the driest averaging South, bascule span maintained in closed position, 40 2.89 inches (74 mm). Average annual precipitation is feet; Washington Bridge North, fixed span, 42 feet; Tun- 45.12 inches (1144 mm). nel Bridge, bascule span, 17 feet; and New Red Bridge, (217) Thunderstorms are responsible for much of the fixed span, 42 feet. Just below the State Pier at rainfall from May through August. They usually pro- Pawtucket are overhead power cables with clearances duce heavy, and sometimes even excessive, amounts of of 125 feet. (See 117.1 through 117.49, chapter 2, for rainfall but since the duration is relatively short, dam- drawbridge regulations.) age is ordinarily light. The summer thunderstorms are frequently accompanied by extremely gusty winds, Tides which may cause some damage to property, especially (212) The mean range of tide at Providence is 4.6 feet, small pleasure and fishing craft. (218) The first measurable snowfall of winter usually co- and the maximum range due to the combined effect of mes in October. The month of greatest snowfall is usu- wind and other causes may reach 8 feet or more at ally February which averages about ten inches (254 times. mm). It is unusual for the ground to remain well cov- ered with snow for any long period of time. The average Currents annual snowfall total is 45 inches (1143 mm). Snow has (213) Tidal currents are weak in the approach channel fallen in every month, October through May. About seven days each year have snowfall greater than 1.5 and the harbor, except in the constricted parts of inches (38 mm). Seekonk River. At India Street Bridge the tidal currents (219) In early fall, severe coastal storms of tropical origin have velocities of about 1.4 knots. In Seekonk River the sometimes bring destructive winds to this area. Even at double flood is very pronounced. The velocity near the other times of the year, it is usually coastal storms that middle of the flood period is generally less than 0.5 produce the most severe weather. Between 1871 and knot and is sometimes in an ebb direction. (See the 1996, twelve tropical storms have come within 25 miles Tidal Current Tables for predictions, and the Tidal Cur- of Providence. In August 1991, Hurricane Bob passed rent Charts, Narragansett Bay, for hourly velocities and within 20 miles east of the city with 85-knot winds. directions of the current.) Only twelve hours earlier, Bob was packing winds in ex- cess of 100 knots. In September 1960, Hurricane Weather, Providence and vicinity Donna passed about 20 miles west of the city. At the (214) The proximity of Narragansett Bay and the Atlantic time, Donna had maximum winds of 90 knots. Coastal areas of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Long Island Ocean plays an important part in determining the cli- were raked with winds in excess of 100 knots compli- mate for Providence and vicinity. In winter, the temper- ments of Hurricane Donna. atures are modified considerably, and a good many of the major storms drop their precipitation in the form Ice of rain, rather than snow. In summer, many days that (220) The approach channel and the harbor are generally would otherwise be uncomfortably warm are cooled by refreshing seabreezes. At other times of the year, sea free of ice and navigable throughout the year. During fog may be advected over land by onshore winds. In severe winters, the harbor and several miles of Provi- fact, most cases of dense fog are produced in this way; dence River and Upper Narragansett Bay are occasion- but the number of such days is few, averaging 2 or 3 ally broken over, but the ice is usually broken up in the days per month. channels to the principal wharves by the traffic in the (215) The temperature for the entire year averages harbor. around 51°F (10.6°C). January is the coldest month av- (221) The National Weather Service maintains an office eraging 29°F (-1.7°C), and July the hottest month aver- at the T.F. Green State Airport; barometers may be aging 73°F (22.8°C). Freezing temperatures occur on compared here. (See Appendix A for address.) the average about 117 days per year and the days with (222) (See Appendix B for the Providence climatological minimums below 5°F (-15°C) average six each year. An table.) average nine days each year record maximums in ex- cess of 90°F (32.2°C). The all-time maximum for Provi- dence is 104°F (40°C) recorded in August 1975 and the

262 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 Pilotage, Providence (234) Amoco Oil Co. Wharf: at Kettle Point about 0.9 mile (223) See Pilotage, Narragansett Bay and Other Rhode Is- above Mobil Oil Corp. Wharf; 500-foot face, 700 feet with dolphins; 36 feet alongside; deck height, 12 feet; land Waters (indexed as such), early this chapter. receipt and shipment of petroleum products, bunker- ing vessels; owned by Amoco Oil Co., operated by Towage Amoco Oil Co. and Atlantic Richfield Co. (224) Tugs up to 3,300 hp are available at Providence. (235) Wilkes-Barre Pier: about 2 miles above Mobil Oil Large vessels normally require tugs for docking and Corp. Wharf; 75-foot face, 700 feet of berthing space undocking. Arrangements for tug service should be with dolphins; 40 feet alongside; deck height, 9 feet; re- made 4 hours in advance, and usually through ships’ ceipt of petroleum products and naphtha; owned by agents or directly by shipping companies. Tugs are dis- Providence and Worcester Railroad Co., operated by patched 24 hours a day. Tugs monitor VHF-FM chan- Union Oil Co. of California, Getty Refining and Mar- nels 10, 13, 16, and 18, and use channel 7A as a working keting Co., and Astroline Corp. frequency. (225) Providence is a customs port of entry. (236) Facilities on the west side of Providence River (237) Municipal Wharf, Berths 5 and 6: (41°47'25\"N., Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultural quarantine 71°22'54\"W.); 1,283-foot face; 35 to 40 feet alongside; (226) (See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival Inspections, and Ap- deck height, 10½ feet; two 45-ton container cranes; 60 pendix A for addresses.) acres open storage; electrical shore power connections; (227) Quarantine is enforced in accordance with regula- receipt and shipment of general and containerized tions of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Public cargo and heavy equipment; owned by city of Provi- Health Service, chapter 1.) dence, operated by Cranes Associates. (228) Providence has several hospitals. (238) Municipal Wharf, Berths 1, 2, 3, and 4: immediately NW of Berths 5 and 6; 2,190-foot face, 35 to 40 feet Coast Guard alongside; deck height, 10½ feet; cranes to 200 tons; (229) A marine safety office is in Providence. (See Ap- 47,000 square feet of covered storage; 12 acres open storage; electrical shore power connections; receipt pendix A for address.) and shipment of general cargo, lumber, paper products, (230) Harbor regulations are enforced by the harbor- automobiles, petroleum products, liquefied petroleum gas, scrap metal, pig iron, and caustic soda; owned by master/port director, whose headquarters are at the city of Providence; various operators. municipal wharf. The harbormaster regulates the (239) New England Bituminous Wharf: about 500 yards movement and anchoring of vessels in the harbor. The above Municipal Wharf; 384-foot face, 30 feet along- speed limit in the harbor is 5 knots. side; deck height, 10½ feet; receipt of asphalt; owned and operated by New England Bituminous, Division of Wharves John J. Hudson, Inc. (231) The piers and wharves of the port of Providence are (240) Lehigh Portland Cement Co. Wharf: about 600 yards above Municipal Wharf; 350-foot face, 20 feet along both sides of the Providence River below Fox alongside; deck height, 10½ feet; receipt of bulk ce- Point. Only the deep-draft facilities are described. For a ment; owned by city of Providence, operated by Lehigh complete description of the port facilities refer to Port Portland Cement Co. Series No. 4, published and sold by the U.S. Army Corps (241) Lone Star Industries Wharf: about 750 yards above of Engineers. (See Appendix A for address.) The along- Municipal Wharf; 210-foot face, 28 to 30 feet alongside; side depths are reported; for information on the latest deck height, 12 feet; receipt of bulk cement; owned and depths contact the operator. All the facilities described operated by Lone Star Industries, Inc. have highway connections, and most have rail connec- (242) Algonquin LNG Wharf: about 0.4 mile above Mu- tions. Water is available at most of the piers and nicipal Wharf; 450-foot face, 25 feet alongside; deck wharves. Cargo in the port is usually handled by ship’s height, 12 feet; receipt of liquefied natural gas; owned tackle. Cranes to 200 tons are available. by Providence Gas Co., operated by Algonquin LNG, (232) Facilities on the east side of Providence River: Inc. (233) Mobil Oil Corp. Wharf: (41°46'56\"N., 71°22'19\"W.); (243) Texaco U.S.A., Harbor Junction Pier: about 0.7 mile 1,225-foot face, 700 feet of berthing space; 20 to 38 feet above Municipal Wharf; 80-foot face, south side 1,040 alongside; deck height, 8 feet; pipelines to storage feet long, 720 feet usable, 32 feet alongside; north side tanks; receipt and shipment of petroleum products, 1,040 feet long, 600 feet usable, 25 feet alongside; deck bunkering vessels; owned and operated by Mobil Oil height, 9 feet; receipt and shipment of petroleum Corp.

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 263 products, bunkering vessels; owned and operated by Communications Texaco, Inc. (251) Providence is served by rail, bus, and air. A ferry op- (244) Promet Marine Services Pier: about 1 mile above Municipal Wharf; 120-foot face, 37 to 31 feet alongside; erates daily in the summer to Newport and Block Is- south side 596 feet long, 22 feet alongside; north side land. 596 feet long, 37 feet alongside; deck height, 12 feet; cranes to 100 tons; 11 acres of open storage; receipt and Chart 13223 shipment of general cargo and dry bulk materials; re- pairs to vessels; owned and operated by Promet Marine (252) West Passage, between Conanicut and Prudence Services Corp. Islands on the east and Boston Neck on the west, is the (245) Northeast Petroleum Corp. Pier: about 1.2 miles approach to Dutch Island Harbor, Wickford, Quonset above Municipal Wharf; south side 620 feet long, 600 Point, and East Greenwich. Vessels may also go to Prov- feet of berthing space; 30 feet alongside; deck height, idence by West Passage, although the route through 11 feet; receipt of petroleum products; owned and oper- East Passage is deeper and generally used. The follow- ated by Northeast Petroleum Corp. ing directions for West Passage to Providence River are (246) C. H. Sprague & Son Co. Pier: about 1.25 miles good for a draft of 19 feet, but local knowledge is re- above Municipal Wharf; north side 500 feet long, 520 quired for a draft greater than 12 feet. Approaching feet with platforms, 37 feet alongside; deck height, 12 from the eastward, pass clear of Brenton Reef Light and feet; receipt and shipment of petroleum products; steer for the lighted gong buoy off Whale Rock until bunkering vessels; owned and operated by C. H. southwest of Beavertail Light, and thence lay down a Sprague & Son Co. northerly course in midchannel with Dutch Island (247) The principal wharves at Pawtucket have depths of ahead. On the southward approach from off Point Ju- 9 to 14 feet alongside. dith Light, a north-northeasterly course will bring the vessel to the lighted gong buoy off Whale Rock. (See Supplies also chart 13218). At night a careful study of the light (248) Gasoline, diesel fuel, diesel oil, bunker fuels, provi- characteristics is necessary as the lights marking East Passage will be seen on the starboard bow when ap- sions, and marine supplies of all kinds are available. Oil proaching from Point Judith. bunkering facilities, for deep-draft vessels, are available at most of the petroleum companies facilities in Provi- (253) The course should pass westward of, and 500 yards dence. Fuel tank barges are also available for bunkering off, Dutch Island; thence through the James- vessels anywhere in the harbor. Water is available at town-North Kingston Bridge opening; and thence most of the wharves and piers. northerly until about 0.8 mile westward of, and abeam, the south tangent of Hope Island. From here a Repairs north-northeasterly course will make the buoys mark- (249) Providence has no facilities for drydocking deep- ing the entrance of the natural channel westward of Pine Hill Point on Prudence Island. Then a heading to- draft vessels; the nearest such facilities are at Boston, ward Warwick Light until abeam the lighted bell buoy Mass. Repairs to boilers, machinery, electrical equip- off Northwest Point on Patience Island will bring the ment, and hull can be obtained in the port. Several vessel in position to swing northeasterly and easterly to well-equipped machine and welding shops are also the dredged channel to Providence. available. Some of these concerns also maintain porta- ble equipment for making above-waterline repairs to (254) Narragansett Pier, on the west side of West Passage vessels at their berths. about 3 miles west-southwestward of Beavertail Point, is a summer resort. The large hotels and a square gran- Small-craft facilities ite tower are prominent. A municipal bathing beach (250) Small-craft facilities at Bullock Cove and Pawtuxet and pavilion at the Upper Pier are prominent from an easterly direction. have been discussed earlier in this chapter. A marina on the west side of Providence River between Pawtuxet (255) River Ledge, about 0.9 mile northeastward of and Fields Point can provide berths, electricity, gaso- Narragansett Pier, has a least depth of 9 feet and is line, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, marked by a buoy. Whale Rock, on the western side of and hull and engine repairs; a flatbed trailer can haul the passage about 0.8 mile northeast of River Ledge, is out craft to 60 feet long. In 1981, 10 feet was reported in marked by a lighted gong buoy to the eastward. Little the approach to the marina, with 3 to 6 feet alongside. Whale, covered 4 feet, is about 200 yards north of Whale Rock. Strangers should pass eastward of the lighted gong buoy off Whale Rock.

264 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 (256) Bonnet Shores Beach is on the north shore of the westward and 350 yards northward of Beaverhead. At bight formed by Bonnet Point, the point about 1.5 its northern extremity this shoal rises abruptly from miles north of Whale Rock. A bathing pavilion at the depths of about 40 feet to a depth of 8 feet; a buoy marks beach is prominent from a southeasterly direction. the shoal. The southeastern part of the harbor has a shallow cove. (257) The Bonnet, a prominent hill with the shoreward (265) Tidal currents of 1 to 1.5 knots may be encountered face bold and rocky, is north of Bonnet Point. The shore in the vicinity of Dutch Island. Elsewhere in West Pas- between Bonnet Point and South Ferry, 1.3 miles sage velocities are usually less than 1 knot. (See the northward, should be given a berth of 400 yards. Pil- Tidal Current Tables for predictions, and the Tidal Cur- ings extend 130 yards eastward just south of the old rent Charts, Narragansett Bay, for hourly velocities and pier at South Ferry. A 200-foot L-shaped pier of the Uni- directions of the current.) versity of Rhode Island is about 150 yards southeast- (266) Saunderstown is on the western shore of West Pas- ward of the old pier. In 1981, depths of 20 feet were sage abreast Dutch Island. A former ferry dock off the reported along the outer face with 10 feet reported town is in ruins. A yacht club is at Saunderstown. along the inner face. The buildings of the university, a (267) The Jamestown-North Kingstown Bridge crossing church spire, and a standpipe are prominent from the passage from just north of Plum Beach has a fixed southward to north of Dutch Island. span with a clearance of 135 feet; a private fog signal is sounded from the west pier of the main channel open- (258) Fox Hill, on the southern side of the entrance to ing. A replacement fixed highway bridge with a clear- Dutch Island Harbor, 2.5 miles north of Beavertail ance of 135 feet is about 300 feet north of the Point, is a point which terminates to the northward in aforementioned highway bridge. The northerly fixed Beaverhead, a bluff rocky face. highway bridge will replace the current southerly fixed highway bridge at an unspecified future date. (259) Dutch Island Harbor is in the West Passage of (268) From the bridge northward, Great Ledge extends Narragansett Bay about 3 miles north of Beavertail along the west shore of Conanicut Island for about 1.5 Light. The harbor is a semicircular indentation 0.5 by 1 miles. This ledge is from 175 to 500 yards offshore, cul- mile in extent in the west side of Conanicut Island. minating in America Ledge at its northern end. Nu- merous rocks are on Great Ledge. Between Plum Beach (260) A boatyard in the southeastern part of the harbor and Rome Point, on the west side of the passage, 1.2 has a marine railway that can handle craft up to 50 feet miles north of the bridge, are several rocks, including for hull and engine repairs. Berths, electricity, gaso- Red Rock and Old Sergeant. Bare and covered rocks line, diesel fuel (by truck), water, ice, storage, a launch- are northeastward and eastward of Rome Point. ing ramp, some marine supplies, and a 20-ton lift are (269) Fox Island, 0.4 mile northeast of Rome Point and available. southward of Wickford Harbor, is small and low. A shoal with numerous submerged rocks including Seal Rock (261) Dutch Island, a State park about 3.2 miles north of extends southward of the island. A narrow channel, Beavertail Point, is surrounded by shoals and foul suitable only for small craft, is between this shoal and ground. A bell buoy is off the northern end of the island the shoals extending northeastward of Rome Point. and a lighted gong buoy is off the southern end. A Halfway Ledge with a depth of 18 feet is about 0.5 mile square white tower on the southern end of the island is east of Fox Island. prominent marked by a light. (270) Wickford Harbor, on the western side of Narragansett Bay 8 miles above Beavertail Light, com- (262) Dutch Island Harbor may be approached from prises an outer and an inner harbor. The outer harbor is northward or southward. The southward entrance is a broad bight between Quonset Point on the north and good for a depth of about 28 feet; the northern entrance Wild Goose Point, about 0.6 mile westward of Fox Is- has an extensive shoal with depths of 15 to 18 feet. As land, on the south. The entrance is about 2 miles wide. the harbor is of easy access, it is frequently used as a Depths in the middle and southern parts of the outer harbor of refuge. Excellent anchorage may be had in harbor average 13 to 17 feet. The inner harbor entrance depths of 12 to 48 feet, sticky bottom. A harbormaster is between Poplar Point, 1.3 miles northwest of Fox Is- controls all mooring and berthing. Vessels of over land on the south, and Sauga Point, about 0.4 mile 18-foot draft seeking anchorage should give the eastern north of Poplar Point, on the north. The harbor is used shore of the harbor a berth of at least 0.4 mile. The east- chiefly by recreational craft, and by oyster and lobster ern shore of Dutch Island should be given a berth of boats. The town of Wickford is on the southwestern 100 yards. side of the inner harbor. (263) General anchorages are in West Passage of Narragansett Bay. (See 110.1 and 110.145 (b) and (d), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) (264) A bell buoy marks the shoal area off the northern side of Dutch Island. The piers off the east side of the is- land are in ruins. A shoal extends about 200 yards

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 265 (271) Several prominent landmarks are visible when ap- Wickford Cove, can handle craft up to 60 feet. Berths, proaching Wickford Harbor. A standpipe at North electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine sup- Kingston (chart 13221), and a church spire in Wickford plies, pumpout facilities, a launching ramp, mobile may be seen for many miles. An abandoned lighthouse hoists to 30 tons, lifts to 70 tons, and hull, engine, and on Poplar Point and the light off the point are promi- electronic repairs are available; wet and dry storage is nent. also available. In 1981, a reported depth of about 7 feet could be carried to the marine railway at Wickford (272) The channel to the inner harbor, marked by buoys, Cove. is restricted to a width of about 150 yards by the break- (279) Quonset Point, on the north side of Wickford Har- waters and the shoals off Sauga and Poplar Points. The bor, is marked by elevated tanks. Near the eastern end north breakwater is marked by a light. The channel of the point are the conspicuous buildings of the Quon- leads to the junction of three coves, Fishing Cove to set Point Industrial Park. The piers at Quonset Point, the northward, Mill Cove to the northwestward, and and at Davisville, about 1.5 miles northward, are usu- Wickford Cove to the southwestward. A State regula- ally approached from East Passage until north of tory buoy just inside the jetties marks a “Slow no Conanicut Island, thence through a buoyed dredged wake” zone. channel to a turning basin off the point from which a channel leads to the piers at Davisville. A depth of about (273) Wickford Cove is the scene of considerable plea- 33 feet can be carried in the channel to the turning ba- sure-boat activity. A dredged channel in the cove ex- sin. With the exception of 27- and 30-foot spots, depths tends between flats, many of which are dry at low water, of 32 to 35 feet are available throughout the basin; to a highway bridge about 0.9 mile above the breakwa- depths of 30 feet are reported alongside the pier. In ters. Numerous piles, used as moorings, border the 1965, the controlling depth in the channel to Davisville channel for about 0.35 mile below the highway bridge. was 31 feet, thence 27 feet in the turning basin or 28 In 2001, the channel had a controlling depth of 5.3 feet. feet for a middle width of 800 feet through the basin to the piers; depths of 29 feet were available on the south- (274) A marked dredged channel in Mill Cove leads to an west side of Pier 1 and in the slip between Piers 1 and 2. anchorage basin about 0.7 mile above the breakwaters. (280) Hope Island, about 1.6 miles north of Conanicut In 2001, the channel had a controlling depth of 11.3 Point, has low grassy hills with a few trees. The island is feet to the dock off of Cedar Tree Point, thence 6.6 feet a State estuarine sanctuary and is off limits to visitors to the head of the project except for gradual shoaling to during the bird nesting season. Bare and submerged bare in the north half of the channel between Cornelius rocks surround the island for about 0.2 mile. Despair Island and Point Wharf. The anchorage basin had Island is on the outer end of a rocky ledge extending 0.2 depths of 4½ to 6 feet. mile northeastward of Hope Island; a buoy is off the northeast side of the ledge. Scup Rock and Round Rock (275) Good anchorage may be had in the middle and are off the eastern side of Hope Island, and Gooseberry southern parts of outer Wickford Harbor in depths of Island and Seal Rock are off the western side. A hazard- 14 to 17 feet. The northern part of the outer harbor has ous reef with piles and a boiler awash on it is about 0.4 numerous rocks and ledges with a depth of 6 feet. Gen- mile southwestward of the southwest point of Hope Is- eral Rock, with a depth of 9 feet over it, is the southerly land; a lighted buoy marks the area. limit of this shoal, 0.9 mile north-northeastward of Fox (281) Allen Harbor is 2 miles north of Quonset Point. Island. A rock with a depth of 8 feet over it is about 500 The harbor is entered through a buoyed channel which yards westward of General Rock. Brig Ledge, about 0.5 has a depth of about 8 feet. Depths of 8 to 10 feet are in- mile north of General Rock, is covered 9 feet. The side. A town launching ramp is on the southeast side of southern shore of the outer harbor is foul. Charles the harbor. Rock, with a depth of 4 feet, is just inside of the north- (282) Calf Pasture Point is on the north side of the en- ern breakwater and marked by a buoy. trance to Allen Harbor. Abreast the point and for some distance northward of it, a shoal extends 0.5 mile from (276) Vessels approaching Wickford Harbor from the shore. southward, after passing through the main span of the Jamestown-North Kingston Bridge, steer 340°. When Chart 13224 northeastward of Fox Island, steer for Wickford Harbor Light on any bearing between 313° and 290°, anchor- (283) Potowomut River, entering the west side of West ing 0.2 mile or more southeastward of the light in Passage, 1.7 miles north of Calf Pasture Point, is depths of 13 to 15 feet, soft bottom. (277) In severe winters the inner harbor is closed by ice, but the outer harbor is usually open although drift ice is occasionally encountered. (278) Wickford has several small-craft facilities and boatyards. The largest marine railway, on the east of

266 ■ Chapter 6 ■ Volume 2 separated from Greenwich Bay on the north by Warwick City Hall. The cove has several marinas and Potowomut Neck. A dredged channel leads through the boatyards. Berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, stor- entrance of the river. In 2004, the channel had a con- age, launching ramps, marine supplies, and hull and trolling depth of 2.7 feet. Caution is necessary to avoid engine repairs are available. The largest lift, on the east rocks with depths of 1 foot over them in the entrance. side of the cove about 0.3 mile above the mouth, can Strangers should not enter the river. handle craft up to 70 tons. (284) Round Rock, about 0.7 mile eastward of Potowomut (291) Brush Neck Cove, about 0.5 mile west of Warwick River entrance, uncovers 3 feet and is marked by a sea- Cove, is fronted by a flat with a general depth of about 2 sonal lighted buoy close eastward. Several other rocks, feet. This channel is used by small local craft at high awash and submerged, lie between Round Rock and the water as far as the pier at Oakland Beach. Oakland entrance to the river; caution is advised. Beach, on Horse Neck, between Brush Neck and Warwick (285) The natural channel of West Passage extends be- Coves, is a summer resort with bus communication. tween the shoal area eastward of Round Rock and the (292) Apponaug Cove, in the northwestern part of Green- shoal area westward of Patience Island. The channel wich Bay, is entered through a marked dredged chan- has depths of 21 to 70 feet. Buoys mark the entrance nel that leads from the bay to an anchorage basin on from the southward, and a lighted bell buoy marks the the southwest side of the channel just below a fixed northwestward edge of the shoal off Patience Island. railroad bridge about 0.7 mile above the channel en- The channel is the approach from southward to Green- trance. A State regulatory buoy at the entrance to the wich Bay, Warwick Point, and the channel from West cove marks a 5 mph speed zone. In 2005, the control- Passage to Providence River. ling depth was 6 feet to Buoy 8, thence 2.5 feet to the (286) Patience Island, 0.2 mile west of the northern end head of the channel, about 150 yards below the railroad of Prudence Island, is surrounded by shoals and foul bridge. The anchorage basin had depths of 5.2 to 6 feet. ground. The island is a State park and estuarine sanctu- In 1979, depths of less than 1 foot were above the ary. bridge. Small-craft facilities can be found in the cove (287) Warwick Point, the southernmost point of Warwick and at the west end of Greenwich Bay southwest of the Neck, 0.7 mile northwest of Patience Island, is marked entrance channel to the cove. (See small-craft facilities by a light and fog signal. tabulation on chart 13221 for services and supplies (288) Greenwich Bay, at the northwestern end of available.) Narragansett Bay, is entered between Warwick Neck (293) Chepiwanoxet Point, on the western side of the bay and Potowomut Neck. Shoal water borders the shore of northward of the entrance to Greenwich Cove, is a the bay, but the general depths are 10 feet or more. small neck of land with a yellow bluff facing eastward. (289) Warwick Cove, between Warwick Neck and Horse From this island, shoals with little water over them ex- Neck, is in the northeastern part of Greenwich Bay. A tend about 500 yards northward and 300 yards east- marked dredged channel leads from the bay to an an- ward and southeastward. Shoals extend about 300 chorage basin at the head of the cove; other anchorage yards northward and westward of Long Point, the basins in the cove are on the west side of the channel, northwestern extremity of Potowomut Neck. 0.5 mile above the channel entrance, and on each side (294) Greenwich Cove, in the southwest end of Green- of the channel 0.7 mile above the channel entrance. A wich Bay, is about 1.3 miles long and 300 to 600 yards State regulatory buoy off Horse Neck marks a 5 mph wide. Buoys mark the entrance channel into the cove. speed limit. In 2007, the controlling depths were 4.5 State regulatory buoys at the entrance mark a “Slow feet (6.0 feet at midchannel) from the entrance to the no wake” zone. On the western shore is the town of anchorage basin at the head of the cove, except for East Greenwich. Depths of about 7 to 11 feet are avail- shoaling to 0.9 foot in the left outside quarter of the able in the cove to about 0.5 mile from the head. Good channel between Buoy 3 and Buoy 7. The anchorage anchorage may be had off some of the small-craft facili- basin, 0.5 mile above the entrance, had depths of 3.6 to ties on the west side of the cove in depths of 8 to 11 feet. 6.0 feet and the two anchorage basins, 0.7 mile above (295) The mean range of tide is 4.0 feet. the entrance, had depths of 4.3 to 6.0 feet. The anchor- (296) The cove has several boatyards. Berths, electricity, age basin at the head of the cove had depths of 5.0 to 6.0 gasoline, water, diesel fuel, ice, marine supplies, wet feet with gradual shoaling to 1.6 feet towards theof 5.1 and dry storage, launching ramps, lifts to 21 tons, and feet with gradual shoaling to 2.2 feet towards the complete engine and hull repairs are available. The northeast end. The cove is the scene of considerable harbormaster in the cove controls anchoring and pleasure boat activity. berthing; contact can be made through the Warwick (290) The harbormaster in the cove controls berthing City Hall. and anchorage; contact can be made through the

Narragansett Bay ■ Chapter 6 ■ 267 (297) From Sandy Point, the eastern extremity of least 0.6 mile. From Narragansett Pier to Black Point, a Potowomut Neck, shoals with depths of 2 to 9 feet ex- rocky promontory 1.9 miles southward, the shoreline tend northeasterly for about 0.6 mile. Extensive shoals is a rugged rocky ledge with deep water close inshore. extend off the eastern side of Warwick Neck to Ohio The waters between Black Point and Point Judith are Ledge. Rocky Point is on the eastern side of the neck, boulder-strewn and shoal up gradually. 1.7 miles north-northeastward of Warwick Point. (300) Three very prominent landmarks are Point Judith Light, the elevated water tank 1.7 miles north of Point (298) The natural channel between the shoals off Judith, and Hazard’s Tower, a high, square stone tower Warwick Neck and the shoals northward of Patience 0.5 mile south of Narragansett Pier. Closer inshore the and Prudence Islands has depths of 19 to 50 feet. A buoy stone bathing pavilion at the State-operated Scar- marks the shoal off Providence Point, the northern- borough Beach, 0.5 mile south of Black Point, and an most point of Prudence Island. open stone tower on a house 0.4 mile north of Black Point are prominent. Chart 13218 (299) The shoreline of Point Judith Neck between West Passage and Point Judith should be given a berth of at

268 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 269 Block Island Sound (1) This chapter describes Block Island Sound, Fishers vessels. The shoreline is marked by many indentations Island Sound, Gardiners Bay, Little Peconic Bay, Great and shallow harbors. These waters are much used by Peconic Bay, and the ports and harbors in the area, the commercial fishing vessels and small pleasure craft be- more important of which are Point Judith Harbor, cause of the protection afforded and the many anchor- Great Salt Pond, Stonington, Mystic Harbor, and ages. Greenport. (8) Recommended Vessel Route (Block Island Sound) COLREGS Demarcation Lines has been established for Block Island Sound. (2) The lines established for this part of the coast are (9) The U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port, Provi- described in 80.150 and 80.155, chapter 2. dence, in cooperation with the Southeastern Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island Port Safety and Security Charts 13205, 13215 Committees, has established a Recommended Vessel Route for deep draft vessels and tugs/barges transiting (3) Block Island Sound is a deep navigable waterway Rhode Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, and Buzzards forming the eastern approach to Long Island Sound, Bay. Deep draft vessels and tugs/barges are requested to Fishers Island Sound, and Gardiners Bay from the At- follow the designated routes. These routes were de- lantic Ocean. The sound is a link for waterborne com- signed to provide safe, established routes for these ves- merce between Cape Cod and Long Island Sound. It has sels, to reduce the potential for conflict with two entrances from the Atlantic: an eastern entrance recreational boaters, fishing gear, and other small from Rhode Island Sound between Block Island and craft, and to reduce the potential for grounding or col- Point Judith, and a southern entrance between Block lision. Vessels are responsible for their own safety and Island and Montauk Point. The sound is connected are not required to remain inside the route nor are fish- with Long Island Sound by The Race and other pas- erman required to keep fishing gear outside the route. sages to the southwestward, and with Fishers Island Small vessels should exercise caution in and around Sound by several passages between rocky reefs from the Recommended Vessel Routes and monitor VHF Watch Hill Point to East Point, Fishers Island. channels 16 or 13 for information concerning deep draft vessels and tugs/barges transiting these routes. (4) The north shoreline of Block Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound from Point Judith to New London (10) Block Island North Reef is a sand shoal with a least is generally rocky and broken with short stretches of depth of 11 feet extending 1 mile northward from sandy beach. Many inlets and harbors, especially in the Sandy Point at the north end of Block Island. The shoal vicinity of Fishers Island, afford harbors of refuge for should be avoided by all vessels; its depths change fre- vessels. Most of the rocks and shoals near the channels quently, and its position is also subject to a slow are marked with navigational aids. change. It is practically steep-to on all sides, so that soundings alone cannot be depended on to clear it. A (5) The southern part of Block Island Sound is lighted bell buoy is 1.5 miles northward of the point. bounded by Block Island on the east, the eastern ex- tremity of Long Island, and Gardiners Island on the (11) Southwest Ledge, 5.5 miles west-southwestward of west. Plum Island and Fishers Island are at the western Block Island Southeast Light, has a least known depth end of the sound. of 21 feet and is marked on its southwest side by South- west Ledge Lighted Whistle Buoy 2. Rocky patches with (6) The deep water in the central part of Block Island least depths of 27 and 29 feet extend 1.5 miles north- Sound will accommodate vessels of the greatest draft. eastward from the ledge. The sea breaks on the shoaler places on the ledge in heavy weather. (7) Westward of Gardiners Island, enclosed between the northeastern and eastern ends of Long Island, are (12) Several other dangers that must be guarded Gardiners Bay, Shelter Island Sound, Little Peconic against are northward and westward of Southwest Bay, and Great Peconic Bay. This area is well protected Ledge Lighted Whistle Buoy 2. These dangers are: but generally shallow, and is not suited for deep-draft

270 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 37-foot sounding, marked by a lighted buoy, about 2.2 occur in the vicinity of The Race and in the entrances mile 280° from the lighted whistle buoy and numerous between Montauk Point, Block Island, and Point Ju- rocks up to 1.1 miles north of the lighted whistle buoy. dith. Soundings alone cannot be depended upon to lo- (13) The deepest passage in the southern entrance to cate the position; the shoaling is generally abrupt in Block Island Sound is just westward of Southwest approaching the shores or dangers. Ledge and has a width of over 2 miles; this is the best passage for deep draft vessels. The area between South- (20) In the middle of the passage between Point Judith west Ledge Lighted Whistle Buoy 2 and Block Island and Block Island, the velocity is 0.7 knot. The flood sets Sound South Entrance Obstruction Lighted Buoy BIS westward, and the ebb eastward. is known locally as Montauk Channel. Mariners should keep in mind that vessels with a draft in excess of 38 (21) In the passage between Block Island and Montauk feet will not be allowed to transit this area. Further, pi- Point, the flood sets generally northwestward and the lots using Montauk Channel shall consider draft, sea ebb southeastward. In the middle of the passage the ve- and swell, wind, visibility, current and vessel traffic. locity is 1.5 knots on the flood and 1.9 knots on the ebb. When these conditions pose a threat to the safety of any About 1.2 miles eastward of Montauk Point, the flood person, vessel, prudent navigation or safety of the envi- sets 346°, ebb 162°, with a velocity of 2.8 knots. ronment, Montauk Channel shall not be used. (14) Between the inner patch of rocks and the shoals, (22) In Block Island Sound and in the eastern part of which extend 0.9 mile from Block Island, is a channel Long Island Sound, fogs are generally heaviest with 1.3 miles wide, with a depth of about 34 feet. Vessels us- southeast winds. In these waters the usual duration of a ing this channel should round the southwest end of fog is from 4 to 12 hours, but periods of from 4 to 6 days Block Island at a distance of 1.5 miles. It is not advis- have been known with very short clear intervals. In the able to use this passage during heavy weather. autumn, land fogs, as they are termed locally, some- (15) The entrance between Point Judith and Block Is- times occur with northerly breezes, but are generally land is used by vessels coming from the bays and burned off before midday. sounds eastward to Long Island Sound. The route gen- erally used is through The Race. Tows of light barges (23) The Race may be said to be the only locality where and vessels of 14 feet or less draft sometimes go tidal currents have any decided influence on the move- through Fishers Island Sound, especially during day- ments of the ice. Large quantities of floe ice usually light with a smooth sea. This entrance is clear with the pass through The Race during the ebb, especially if the exception of Block Island North Reef and the numerous wind is westerly, and in severe winters this ice causes large boulders extending about 4 miles south-south- some obstruction in Block Island Sound and around eastward of Point Judith. The coast from Point Judith Montauk Point. These obstructions are the most exten- nearly to Watch Hill should be given a berth of over 1 sive around the middle of February. mile, avoiding the broken ground with depths less than 30 feet. Weather, Block Island Sound and vicinity (24) Land influences the weather only at the northern Tides and currents (16) (Full tidal information, including daily predic- edge of the Sound, with a northerly wind. Otherwise the waters are open, similar to the nearby ocean. Winds tions, is given in the Tide Tables.) from all other directions have ample time to increase in (17) The effect of strong winds, in combination with the strength and the Sound can be as turbulent as any wa- ter off the coast. Wind speeds can be double those found regular tidal action, may at times cause the water to fall on the coast, especially in winter, when average speeds several feet below or rise the same amount above the of 16 to 17 knots are common. Gales occur up to 5 per- plane of reference of the chart. The mean range of tide cent of the time in winter and are most likely from the throughout Block Island Sound varies from about 3 west and northwest. Seas built by winds from the feet at Point Judith to 2 feet at Montauk Point. southeast through southwest are usually highest since (18) Tidal current data for a number of locations in there is no land to interfere with the fetch. Seas of 10 Block Island Sound are given in the Tidal Current Ta- feet (3 m) or more are likely 5 to 7 percent of the time in bles. Current directions and velocities throughout the winter. sound for each hour of the tidal cycle are shown on (25) Because of relatively cold water, summer fog oc- Tidal Current Charts, Block Island Sound and Eastern curs two to three times more often in these waters than Long Island Sound. in either Narragansett or Buzzard Bays. For example, (19) The tidal currents throughout Block Island Sound in June visibilities drop below ½ mile nearly 9 percent have considerable velocity; the greatest velocities of the time.

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 271 North Atlantic Right Whales Hence, the climate is typically maritime, but under (26) Endangered North Atlantic right whales may occur conditions of extreme cold or heat the effect is felt on the island as well as on the mainland. Temperatures of in Block Island Sound, in particular in the Narra- -10°F (-23.3°C, February 1992) and 95°F (35°C, August gansett/Buzzards Bay Traffic Separation Scheme. They 1948) have been recorded. may also occur 30 miles south of Block Island Sound (35) Summers are usually dry. Recorded rainfall for any (peak season: November through April). The Northeast one month ranges from a trace to 11.51 inches (292 Marine Pilots distribute educational material to mari- mm). November is the wettest month averaging 4.08 ners in an effort to reduce right whale ship strikes. (See inches (104 mm) and June is the driest averaging 2.46 North Atlantic Right Whales, indexed as such, in chap- inches (64 mm). ter 3 for more information on right whales and recom- (36) The warmest month is July with an average high of mended measures to avoid collisions.) 76.5°F (24.7°C) and an average low of 63.7°F (17.6°C). (27) All vessels 65 feet or greater in length overall The coolest months are January and February. Each av- (L.O.A.) and subject to the jurisdiction of the United erage 32°F (0°C). The island is too small to build up cu- States are restricted to speeds of 10 knots or less in the mulonimbus clouds, and local thunderstorms do not Block Island Sound Seasonal Management Area be- occur. Fog occurs on one out of four days in the early tween November 1 and April 30. The area is defined as summer, when the ocean is relatively cold and foggy the waters bounded by: days average about 22 each year. (28) 40°51'53.7\"N., 70°36'44.9\"W.; (37) Winters are distinguished for their comparative (29) 41°20'14.1\"N., 70°49'44.1\"W.; mildness; maximums average 36°F to 42°F (2.2°C to (30) 41°04'16.7\"N., 71°51'21.0\"W.; 5.6°C) and minimums average 26°F (-3.3°C) in January (31) 40°35'56.5\"N., 71°38'25.1\"W.; thence back to start- and February. Since the surface winds are usually east- ing point. (See 50 CFR 224.105 in chapter 2 for regu- erly when snow begins it soon changes to rain or melts lations, limitations, and exceptions. rapidly after it piles up. The ocean temperatures are always somewhat above freezing and not far off shore Pilotage: Block Island Sound and Long Island Sound are relatively high. (32) Pilotage is compulsory for foreign flag vessels and (38) The ocean has a dampening effect on hot winds in summer and an accelerating effect on cold winds from U.S. vessels which are under register (i.e. engaged in the mainland in the winter. Katabatic winds from foreign trade) in Block Island Sound and Long Island Narrangansett Bay and Long Island reach as high as 35 Sound. Vessels should not enter Block Island Sound or knots when anticyclonic conditions prevail on the Long Island Sound without a state licensed pilot. See mainland in winter. The wind velocity averages 15 Pilotage, Long Island Sound (indexed as such), chapter knots for the year, but the mean is 17 knots in the win- 8. The Point Judith Pilot Station is the primary pilot ter, when gales are frequent. In the early fall most of the boarding location for entry into Block Island Sound tropical storms moving up the coast affect the island to and Long Island Sound. Vessels bound for Long Island some extent. Since 1871 and 1996, 13 storms have Sound ports may board pilots at the Point Judith Pilot come within 25 miles of Block Island. In August 1991, Station, centered on 41°17.0'N., 71°30.5'W. There is a the center of Hurricane Bob passed about ten miles to secondary pilot station which may be used with special the west of the island with 85- knot winds. arrangement at any point south of the Montauk Point (39) (See Appendix B for Block Island climatological ta- Pilot Station, centered on 41°02.0'N., 71°42.0'W. ble.) Chart 13217 Communications (40) A ferry operates daily from Galilee to Great Salt (33) Block Island, 5 miles long, is hilly with elevations up to about 200 feet. The shore of the island is fringed Pond or Old Harbor, carrying mail, passengers, freight, in most places by boulders and should be given a berth and vehicles. There is summer ferry service from Old of over 0.5 mile even by small craft; the shoaling is gen- Harbor to Providence, via Newport, and to New Lon- erally abrupt in approaching the island. don. The island has telephone service to the mainland. Air service is also available. Weather, Block Island and vicinity (34) Block Island, formed by glaciers, consists of nearly (41) Block Island Southeast Light (41°09'10\"N., 71°33'04\"W.), 67 feet above the water, is shown from a 7,000 acres (2,830 hectares) and lies in the Atlantic red-brick octagonal, pyramidal tower attached to a Ocean about 12 miles east-northeast of Long Island and about the same distance south of Charlestown, RI.

272 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 dwelling to Mohegan Bluffs on the southeast point of marine supplies. The marina about 0.3 mile westward the island. of the ferry landing had a reported depth of 16 feet at (42) About 0.2 mile southeast of the light is the wreck of the face of the dock in 1981. Sail and engine repairs are the large tanker SS LIGHTBURNE. The wreck is available nearby. marked by a buoy. At Clay Head, on the northeast side of Block Island, is a lone white house on top of the bluff. Tides and currents Two nearby silos are conspicuous. (50) The mean range of tide is about 2.6 feet. (43) Block Island North Light (41°13'39\"N., 71°34'33\"W.), (51) Tidal currents in the entrance to Great Salt Pond 58 feet above the water, is shown from a brown tower on a gray granite dwelling on Sandy Point at the north have a velocity of 0.3 knot. (See Tidal Current Tables for end of the island. predictions.) (44) Old Harbor, frequently used as a harbor of refuge, is an artificial harbor formed by two breakwaters on the No-Discharge Zone east side of Block Island, 1.4 miles northward of Block (52) The State of Rhode Island, with the approval of the Island Southeast Light. A Federal project provides for a channel 15 feet deep entering the harbor and leading to Environmental Protection Agency, has established a a basin with a project depth of 15 feet; the inner harbor No-Discharge Zone (NDZ) in Great Salt Pond. The anchorage area also has a project depth of 15 feet. (See NDZ includes all waters east of a line from the landward Notice to Mariners and latest editions of the charts for end of the jetty located at the northwestern channel en- controlling depths.) The harbor is occupied by pleasure trance to the red marker located approximately 600 feet craft during the summer. The eastern part of the inner northwest of the United States Coast Guard facility harbor is left clear for the passage of the ferry to the dock (see chart 13217 for limits). wharf. The basin in the southeast corner of the inner (53) Within the NDZ, discharge of sewage, whether harbor is usually occupied by fishing boats and local treated or untreated, from all vessels is prohibited. craft which tie up along the sides. Gasoline, diesel fuel, Outside the NDZ, discharge of sewage is regulated by and berths are available. The harbormaster has an of- 40 CFR 140 (see chapter 2). fice at the Old Harbor town dock. (45) The east breakwater extends about 300 yards Chart 13219 northward of the entrance of the inner harbor, and is marked at its end by a light and fog signal. A bell buoy is (54) Point Judith Light (41°21'39\"N., 71°28'53\"W.), 65 0.55 mile northward of the breakwater. A light marks feet above the water, is shown from an octagonal tower, the end of the breakwater on the west side at the en- 51 feet high, with the lower half white, upper half trance to the inner harbor. brown. The station has a fog signal. About 100 yards (46) Great Salt Pond (New Harbor), on the west side of north of the light is Point Judith Coast Guard Station. Block Island, is the best harbor in Block Island Sound A lighted whistle buoy is about 2.4 miles southward of for vessels of 15-foot draft or less. In easterly gales the light. (See chart 13218.) Numerous rocks are up to when the sea is too heavy to enter Old Harbor, a landing 0.6 mile southwest to south-southeast of Point Judith can be made at Great Salt Pond. The entrance, about 2 Light. miles south-southwestward of Block Island North Light, is a dredged cut through the narrow beach. The (55) The area around Point Judith, including the ap- southwestern side of the entrance is protected by a proaches to Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, is irregular jetty, which is marked by a light and a fog signal at its with rocky bottom and indications of boulders. Caution outer end. is advised to avoid the shoal spots, even with a smooth (47) A Federal project provides for a channel 18 feet sea, and to exercise extra care where the depths are not deep entering Great Salt Pond. (See Notice to Mariners more than 6 feet greater than the draft. and latest editions of the charts for controlling depths.) Local knowledge is advised before entering. (56) Point Judith Harbor of Refuge, on the west side of (48) The usual anchorage in Great Salt Pond is near the Point Judith, is formed by a main V-shaped breakwater southeast end, off the ferry landing, in 15 to 48 feet, and two shorearm breakwaters extending to the shore. taking care to leave a fairway to the landing. A channel The harbor is easy of access for most vessels except with with a reported depth of about 8 feet in 1981 leads to a heavy southerly sea. It is little used by tows. The only Trim Pond, where local fishing craft are moored. soft bottom in the harbor is found in the southern part (49) Small-craft facilities in Great Salt Pond can provide of the deeper water enclosed by the main breakwater. berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, and On the north side the shoaling is gradual; the 18-foot curve is about 0.3 to 0.5 mile offshore. (57) Near the central part of the harbor are two shoals; the northernmost one has depths of 14 to 18 feet, and

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 273 the southernmost one has depths of 14 to 16 feet and is Point have State piers and numerous small piers marked by a buoy. chiefly used by fishermen. A State fisheries laboratory (58) The area within the V-shaped breakwater affords is just above the State pier at Jerusalem. A State pier protected anchorage for small craft. The breakwater superintendent controls the State piers at Galilee and should be given a berth of 200 yards to avoid broken Jerusalem; his office is at the head of the Galilee State and hard bottom; a rocky shoal area about 100 yards Pier. wide, paralleling the west side of the main breakwater (66) A Federal project provides for a depth of 15 feet northward from the angle should be avoided. A good from Point Judith Harbor of Refuge to the State Pier at berth for a vessel is on a line between Point Judith Har- Jerusalem along the west side of Point Judith Pond bor of Refuge East Entrance Light 3 and Point Judith with a branch channel on the east side extending Harbor of Refuge West Entrance Light 2, midway be- northeasterly from the entrance of the pond to the tween them in 22 to 30 feet. This position falls on the State Pier at Galilee, and a 10-foot anchorage basin just edge of the east-west thorofare used by pleasure craft inside the pond entrance. The western channel extends and fishing boats. north the turning basin at Wakefield; portions of the (59) In 1984, a submerged obstruction was reported channel are federally maintained to 6 feet. (See Notice about 270 yards southeast of Point Judith Harbor of to Mariners and latest editions of charts for controlling Refuge West Entrance Light 2 in about 41°21'37\"N., depths.) 71°30'40\"W. A dangerous wreck, covered 4½ feet, is marked by a lighted buoy about 450 yards westward of Tides and Currents Point Judith Harbor of Refuge East Entrance Light 3 in (67) The mean range of tide in the pond is 2.8 feet and 41°21'34\"N., 71°30'11\"W. (60) The southern entrance to the Harbor of Refuge, occurs later than in the Harbor of Refuge by about 10 known locally as the East Gap, is 400 yards wide; in minutes just inside the entrance and 30 minutes at the 1981, it had a reported controlling depth of about 24 north end. The tidal currents in the entrance have a ve- feet with deeper water in the western half of the chan- locity of 1.8 knots on the flood and 1.5 knots on the ebb, nel. and cause slight rips and overfalls at changes of tide. (61) The western entrance to the Harbor of Refuge, Higher current velocities are reported to occur. (See known locally as the West Gap, is 500 yards wide; in Tidal Current Tables for predictions.) 1981, it had a reported controlling depth of about 18 (68) Several boatyards and marinas are at Galilee, Jeru- feet, with lesser depths on the north side of the en- salem, Wakefield, and at Snug Harbor, on the west side trance. A rock, covered 12 feet, is near the north side of of the pond about 0.8 mile above the entrance. Berths, the entrance at 41°21'48.7\"N., 71°31'07.4\"W. electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine sup- plies, storage, launching ramps, and hull and engine Tides and Currents repairs are available. The largest marine railway in the (62) The mean range of tide in the Harbor of Refuge is area, at the southern end of the waterfront at Snug Harbor, can handle craft up to 150 feet long or 400 tons. 3.1 feet. The tidal currents have a velocity of about 0.7 In 1981, a reported depth of 12 feet could be carried to knot at the south entrance. The currents off the west the railway. entrance are rotary, with a velocity at strength of 0.5 (69) Daily ferry service is available to Block Island from knot. (See Tidal Current Tables for predictions.) Galilee. Daily bus service is operated to Providence. (63) Considerably stronger currents have been reported (70) Potter Pond, shallow and landlocked, is joined with to develop especially when the tide is ebbing. Point Judith by a narrow channel near Snug Harbor. Local knowledge should be obtained before using this (64) Point Judith Pond is a saltwater tidal pond entered channel, which has depths of 2 to 4 feet and is crossed between two rock jetties at The Breachway in the by overhead power and telephone cables with a clear- northwestern part of Point Judith Harbor of Refuge. ance of 30 feet at the channel entrance and by a fixed The east jetty is marked near its seaward end by a light. highway bridge with a clearance of 5 feet about 0.4 mile The pond extends 3.3 miles northerly to the town of above the entrance. A current of more than 3 knots de- Wakefield. It is used extensively by small fishing vessels velops through the channel on the ebb. The mean and pleasure craft, and numerous fish wharves are in- range of tide in the pond is about 1 foot, and it occurs side the entrance. The north end of Point Judith Pond about 2.5 hours later than in the Harbor of Refuge. affords good anchorage for boats of 4 feet draft or less during a heavy blow. (65) The village of Galilee on the east side of the en- trance and Jerusalem on the west side at Succotash

274 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 Chart 13215 entering and moving about inside. A small-craft facility is at Charlestown, and one is at the western end of (71) From Point Judith to Watch Hill the shore is low Ninigret Pond; berths, gasoline, electricity, marine and for the most part consists of sandy beaches which supplies, and launching ramps are at both facilities. are broken by several projecting rocky points. Back (74) Quonochontaug, 10.8 miles westward of Point Ju- from the immediate shore are areas of cultivation in- dith, is a summer settlement at the outlet of terspersed with rolling grass-covered or wooded hills. Quonochontaug Pond. In 1981, a reported depth of Except for Point Judith Pond, most pond outlets are about 3 feet could be carried in Quonochontaug used only by small local craft. The coast is fringed by Breachway, with depths of 15 to 20 feet reported in the broken ground and boulders in places, which should be pond. Vessels favor the west side of the entrance to avoided by deep-draft vessels where the depths are less avoid rocks in the easterly half of the entrance. than 36 to 42 feet. (75) Weekapaug Point, 12.5 miles west of Point Judith, is bold, rocky, and prominent from the southwest and (72) Matunuck is a summer resort about 3 miles west of southeast. Two stone jetties, 1,500 feet long, protect Point Judith. Southwest of Matunuck Point is Ne- the entrance to Winnapaug Pond just westward of the braska Shoal, a patch of boulders covered 18 feet and point. In July 1981, a reported depth of about 5 feet marked by a buoy. The shoal is at the south end of bro- could be carried in Weekapaug Breachway to the pond; ken ground, with depths less than 30 feet offshore; the vessels favor the west side of the breachway above the water deepens abruptly around the patch. bridge. Reported depths in Winnapaug Pond vary from bare to 10 feet. There are numerous shoals and sand- (73) Charlestown Breachway, 4.5 miles westward of bars. Southerly winds cause breakers at the ends of the Matunuck Point, is a narrow inlet which leads to jetties; extreme caution is advised. The fixed bridge Ninigret Pond, also known as Charlestown Pond, to over the entrance has a clearance of 6 feet. the westward, and the village of Charlestown to the northward. In 1994, a reported depth of about 1½ feet could be taken in the inlet, with depths of about 3 to 6 feet inside. The southern part of Ninigret Pond is mostly mud flats. Local knowledge is required in

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 275 (76) Old Reef, with a depth of 5 feet over it, is about 1.5 (81) Watch Hill Reef, on the southwest side of Watch miles west of Weekapaug Point and about 0.5 mile off- Hill Passage, has rocks that bare and is marked by a shore. gong buoy. Chart 13214 (82) Sugar Reef Passage, between Watch Hill Reef and Sugar Reef, has a width of 0.3 mile; the least depths are (77) Watch Hill, about 17.5 miles west of Point Judith, about 22 feet. is a high bare bluff on its easterly side with several large hotels and summer houses. (83) Sugar Reef, some 500 to 600 yards in extent, is cov- ered 2 to 12 feet and should be avoided; it is marked by a (78) Watch Hill Light (41°18.2'N., 71°51.5'W.), 61 feet buoy off its north side. above the water, is shown from a square gray granite tower, 45 feet high, attached to a white building with a (84) Catumb Passage, between Sugar Reef and Catumb red roof, on Watch Hill Point. Rocks, has a width of 150 yards; its least depth is 13 feet. (79) Gangway Rock, awash at low water, is part of a (85) Catumb Rocks, the highest of which are awash, are boulder reef extending about 0.2 mile southward from marked by buoys on the north, southeast, and south- Watch Hill Light. A lighted bell buoy marks the south west sides. Rocks covered 1 to 18 feet extend 0.8 mile end of the reef. A submerged rock is about 50 yards westward of Catumb Rocks to the buoy that marks the northward of the buoy. east side of Lords Passage. This passage, about 0.3 mile wide, has a least depth of 16 feet. (80) Watch Hill Passage is the principal entrance to Fishers Island Sound from eastward, and the only one (86) Wicopesset Rock, on the northwesterly side of used by strangers. It has a least depth of about 17 feet. A Lords Passage, is the easterly part of foul ground ex- spot with 12 feet over it in the passage is marked by a tending about 0.3 mile to Wicopesset Island, which is buoy; the best channel is northward of this buoy, giving low and rocky. it a berth of about 150 yards. (87) Wicopesset Passage, between Wicopesset Island and East Point, is narrow and is obstructed by a rock in the middle marked by a buoy; it is suitable only for small craft and should not be used by strangers. A bell buoy marks the southern entrance. Extreme caution is

276 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 recommended when using the passage as the ebb cur- its end by a buoy. Inside the buoy are boulders with 2 to rent is apt to set boats on the foul ground. 9 feet over them. The passage between the buoy and (88) Information about the tides and tidal currents in Race Rock Light has very irregular bottom; the least the passages is given with the discussion of Fishers Is- depth is about 18 feet. It is suitable only for small ves- land Sound. sels with a comparatively smooth sea. (91) Race Rock, on the northeast side of The Race, is Charts 13214, 13212 nearly 200 yards in diameter, with a depth of 8 feet. A ridge with a least depth of 28 feet extends about 120 (89) Fishers Island, 6 miles long, is hilly and sparsely yards SSW of Race Rock. Another ridge, extending in a wooded. Chocomount, 136 feet high, is the highest north-south direction with a least depth of 38 feet is point on the island. East Point, at the east end of the is- about 320 yards east of Race Rock. land, is marked by several large houses. The former (92) Race Rock Light (41°14'37\"N., 72°02'49\"W.), 67 Coast Guard station at East Harbor, about 1 mile from feet above the water, is shown from a granite tower at- East Point of Fishers Island, is prominent; numerous tached to a dwelling on a granite pier on the rock. A fog buildings on the western part of Fishers Island and a signal is sounded at the station. The fog signal is re- large yellow hotel building are conspicuous. The radar ported at times to be inaudible when a vessel is ap- antenna on Mount Prospect, near the west end of the proaching from eastward and is close southward of island, south shore, is the most prominent landmark Fishers Island. on Fishers Island from seaward. The south side of the island is fringed with foul ground which rises abruptly Charts 13209, 13212 from depths of 42 to 48 feet, but by giving the shore a berth of 0.5 mile, all dangers will be avoided. (93) The Race, the main entrance to Long Island Sound from eastward, extends between Fishers Island and Lit- (90) Race Point Ledge, partly bare at low water, extends tle Gull Island, between which is a width of about 3.5 about 0.2 mile southwestward from Race Point, the southwest extremity of Fishers Island, and is marked at

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 277 miles. The only dangers are Valiant Rock, nearly in the is 2.6 knots on the flood, and 3.2 knots on the ebb; flood middle, and Little Gull Island with its reefs. sets 299°, and ebb 133°. Considerably higher velocities occur at times, and tide rips are very bad in heavy Current weather. Boulders covered 3 to 10 feet are between Old (94) In the middle of The Race, the flood sets 295° and Silas Rock and Plum Island. Old Silas Rock, marked by a buoy, is awash at high water. Middle Shoal Rock, 0.3 the ebb 100°, with average velocities of 2.9 knots and mile northeastward of Old Silas Rock, has a depth of 8 3.5 knots, respectively. There are always strong rips and feet. swirls in the wake of all broken ground in The Race, ex- (102) Bedford Reef is broken ground, on which the least cept for about one-half hour at slack water. The rips are found depths are 14 to 16 feet, extending about 1.5 exceptionally heavy during heavy weather, and espe- miles southward from broken ground lying between cially when a strong wind opposes the current, or the Great Gull and Plum Islands. It should be avoided. Con- current sets through against a heavy sea. (Predicted stellation Rock, on the southeasterly extension on this times of slack water and times and velocities of broken ground, has 17 feet over it, is marked by a buoy, strength of current are given in the Tidal Current Ta- and lies 1.9 miles southward of Little Gull Island Light. bles.) (95) During the flood stage of the tide, a significant eddy Chart 13209 exists on the northwest side of Valiant Rock. (103) Montauk Point, the easterly extremity of Long Is- (96) Little Gull Reef, with little depth and foul ground, land, is a high sandy bluff, on the summit of which is extends 0.3 mile east-northeastward from Little Gull the light. The land is grass covered, with a height of 165 Island and is marked at the northeast end by a buoy. feet at Prospect Hill, 2 miles westward of the point. The Mariners are advised that the buoy is sometimes sub- south side of the point is bold, the 10-fathom curve is merged by the strong current and deep-draft vessels about 0.5 mile from shore; depths of 24 feet and less ex- should avoid this locality. Little Gull Island Light tend 0.8 mile off the northeast side of the point. (41°12'22\"N., 72°06'24\"W.), 91 feet above the water, is shown from a gray granite tower, 81 feet high, attached (104) Montauk Point Light (41°04'15\"N., 71°51'26\"W.), to a red dwelling on a pier. A fog signal is at the light. 168 feet above the water, is shown from a white conical The light and Race Rock Light are the guides, as tower with a red band midway of its height and a cov- soundings cannot be depended upon. ered way to a gray dwelling. A fog signal is at the light. (97) In passing north of Valiant Rock, vessels should (105) Surrounding Montauk Point for about 4 miles is a keep from 0.5 to 0.8 mile southwestward of Race Rock shoal area that has been closely surveyed (see also chart Light, and craft passing southward of Valiant Rock 13215); the bottom is very broken, and extra caution should hold to a course about 1 mile northeastward of should be observed where the depths are less than 10 Little Gull Island Light. feet greater than the draft. In general, the shoals are a series of long narrow ridges, in places only a few yards (98) Cerberus Shoal, 6 miles southeast of Race Rock wide, and their positions are indicated by the rips over Light, is about 0.4 mile in diameter, with a least depth them at the strength of the tidal currents. of 19 feet on a small rocky patch near its north end. The seas break on this shoal during heavy swells. It is (106) Montauk Shoal, about 2.5 miles south-southeast- marked by a lighted gong buoy. Near the shoal, tide rips ward of the light, has least depths of 30 feet. Great East- are unusually strong. ern Rock, 1.5 miles east-northeast of the light, has a least depth of 25 feet. Phelps Ledge, just northerly of (99) Great Gull Island, 0.6 mile southwest of Little Gull Great Eastern Rock, is covered by 24 feet. Endeavor Island, was formerly a military reservation, but is now Shoals, about 2.3 miles northeast of the light, are cov- privately owned. The pier on the north side is in ruins. ered by 19 to 24 feet on a narrow ridge about 0.4 mile A lookout tower on the island is conspicuous. long. A lighted gong buoy is off the eastern end of the ridge. (100) Valiant Rock, with a least depth of 20 feet, is sur- rounded by shoal area, and the 10-fathom curve sur- (107) Vessels drawing up to 20 feet can avoid the dangers rounding the rock marks the area which should be eastward and northeastward of Montauk Point in avoided by deep-draft vessels and preferably all vessels, smooth weather by giving the point a berth of over 1 on account of the heavy swirls and rips. A lighted whis- mile and avoiding Great Eastern Rock. tle buoy is northward of the rock. (108) Broken ground with rocky bottom and boulders ex- (101) The Sluiceway, the passage between Great Gull Is- tends about 2 miles off the north coast west of Montauk land and Plum Island, has several known dangers and Point. Shagwong Reef, with a least depth of 8 feet and very irregular bottom with boulders, and should be avoided. The velocity of the tidal current in the passage

278 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 marked by a lighted bell buoy, is the northern limit of channel to the southern part of Lake Montauk where this area. Shagwong Rock, with a least depth of 7½ feet there are depths of 6 to 8 feet in the center. and marked by a lighted buoy, and Washington Shoal, with a least depth of 15 feet, are between the shore and COLREGS Demarcation Lines Shagwong Reef. The principal danger outside Shag- (113) The lines established for Montauk Harbor are de- wong Reef is a shoal with a depth of 30 feet, 5.3 miles northwestward of Montauk Point. scribed in 80.155, chapter 2. Pilotage Pickup Locations Off Montauk Point Tides and Currents (109) Pilots, by special arrangement during favorable (114) The mean range of tide is 1.9 feet. (115) Tidal currents at the entrance to Montauk Harbor weather conditions, may meet a ship with less than 38-foot draft off Montauk Point bound for Long Island have a velocity of 1.2 knots on the flood and about 0.5 Sound. Foreign flag vessels and U.S. vessels which are knot on the ebb. They are reported to decrease rapidly under register can arrange for a state licensed pilot by after entering the harbor and are practically negligible contacting the joint rotation administrator, Block Is- near the yacht club landing on the east side of Star Is- land Pilots at 243 Spring Street, Newport, RI 02840; land. (See Tidal Current Tables for predictions.) telephone 401-847-9050 (24 hours), 800-274-1216; FAX 401-847-9052. U.S. vessels engaged in coastwise (116) Montauk Coast Guard Station is at the northern trade (enrolled work) in need of pilotage services can end of Star Island. contact the various pilot organizations directly. For telephone number, FAX number, cable address, de- Small-craft facilities scription of the boat, frequencies, etc., consult the (117) There are several small-craft facilities on both sides name of the association under Pilotage, Narraganset Bay and Other Rhode Island Waters (indexed as such), of the entrance to Montauk Harbor, and a yacht club chapter 6; Pilotage, Long Island Sound (indexed as and several marinas are on the east side of Star Island. such), chapter 8; and Pilotage, New York Harbor and Gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, and Approaches (indexed as such), chapter 11 space for transients are available. Lifts to 80 tons can (110) Mariners are also reminded that vessels with a draft handle craft for complete engine and hull repairs. Gro- in excess of 38 feet are advised to not transit the ceries and other supplies may be obtained at the village Montauk Channel (as defined by the area between of Montauk. The yacht club can be contacted at Southwest Ledge Lighted Whistle Buoy 2 and Block Is- 631-668-7732. land Sound South Entrance Obstruction Lighted Buoy BIS). Further, pilots using Montauk Channel shall con- (118) Fort Pond Bay is a semicircular bight about 1 mile sider: draft, sea and swell, wind, visibility, current and wide on the north side of Long Island, 5 miles westward vessel traffic. When these conditions pose a threat to of Montauk Point. The bay is free of dangers, but flats the safety of any person, vessel, prudent navigation or with 8 to 12 feet over them make out 0.2 mile from its safety of the environment, Montauk Channel shall not eastern shore. The bay affords anchorage in 40 to 50 be used. feet, soft bottom, but is exposed to northerly and north- westerly winds; the shoaling is abrupt on its east and (111) Montauk Harbor, in the northern part of Lake south sides. Montauk, is entered through a dredged channel on the northern shore about 3 miles west of Montauk Point; a (119) Montauk, a summer resort at the southeast end of Federal project provides for a depth of 12 feet in the the bay, is the terminus of the Long Island Railroad. A channel and 10 feet in the boat basin northwestward of depth of 10 feet was reported alongside the commercial Star Island. (See Notice to Mariners and latest editions pier on the east side of the bay. There are no public of charts for controlling depths.) The entrance is pro- piers available. tected by jetties, each of which is marked by a light. A lighted bell buoy, about 0.3 mile north of the entrance, (120) Napeague Bay, 8 miles westward of Montauk Point, marks the approach to the harbor. is shallow in the western and southwestern part. Prom- ised Land Channel, the buoyed passage southward of (112) Star Island, just inside Montauk Harbor, is con- Gardiners and Cartwright Islands, has a least centerline nected to the mainland by a causeway. A private light is depth of about 14 feet; however, the depth is continu- shown from the eastern side of the island. A privately ally changing due to the shifting shoals. marked channel, with a reported controlling depth of 7 feet in 1999, leads from beyond the end of the federal (121) The tidal currents have a velocity of about 1.5 knots through all the channels between the shoals. It is not advisable for vessels drawing more than 10 feet to at- tempt the passage without local knowledge, and then only when the buoys can be seen.

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 279 (122) Napeague Harbor, a small-craft refuge in the the Peconic Bays. The principal entrance is northward southwest part of Napeague Bay, can be entered of Gardiners Point. The entrance from Long Island through privately dredged channels northward and Sound is through Plum Gut. The entrance southward southward of Hicks Island. In 1981, the reported con- of Gardiners Island is used by fishing vessels. trolling depths were 4 feet in the northerly and south- (131) The principal guides for the entrance to Gardiners erly entrances. Depths in the central part of the harbor Bay from Block Island Sound are the lighted gong buoy range from 1½ to 7 feet; the chart is the best guide. The north of Gardiners Point, Little Gull Light, and Orient harbor is especially useful in northeasterly weather Point Light. When past the lighted gong buoy north of when the adjoining bays are unsafe. There are no land- Gardiners Point, vessels can select the anchorage in ings in the harbor. Gardiners Bay which affords the best lee in the prevail- ing winds. (123) Promised Land is a former fishing village on the (132) The principal dangers in approaching Gardiners southwest side of Napeague Bay. A depth of about 4 feet Bay from the northward are the broken ground be- can be carried to the landing at the yacht club, 1.3 tween Constellation Rock and Plum Island, and the miles westward of Promised Land. shoal making out to Gardiners Point. In the bay, Crow Shoal should be avoided. In general, the shoaling is (124) Gardiners Island, 11 miles westward of Montauk rather abrupt in approaching these dangers and grad- Point, is partly wooded and has an elevation of 130 feet ual in approaching the shoals on the western side of the near its middle. Cartwright Island is narrow, low, and bay. sandy, and extends 1 mile in a southerly direction off the south tip of Gardiners Island. Its size and shape are No-Discharge Zone subject to considerable change by storms. (133) The State of New York, with the approval of the En- (125) Crow Head is the high bluff at the western end of vironmental Protection Agency, has established a Gardiners Island. Shoal water with depths of 9 to 16 No-Discharge Zone (NDZ) in the Peconic Estuary. The feet extends 1.8 miles southwestward from Cherry Hill NDZ includes all open waters, harbors and creeks of the Point, the westerly end of Gardiners Island, and termi- Peconic Estuary west of a line from Orient Point to nates at Crow Shoal. The shoal has depths of 3 to 11 Montauk Point (see chart 13209 for limits). feet and is marked by a buoy. An obstruction covered 12 (134) Within the NDZ, discharge of sewage, whether feet is 200 yards eastward of the buoy. treated or untreated, from all vessels is prohibited. Outside the NDZ, discharge of sewage is regulated by (126) The bight between the southern part of Gardiners 40 CFR 140 (see chapter 2). Island and Crow Shoal is Cherry Harbor. It has depths of 24 to 27 feet with mud bottom and affords shelter (135) Plum Island, about 2 miles westward of Great Gull from northeasterly winds. Bostwick Bay is the bight on Island, is 2.5 miles long, hilly, and bare of trees except the northwest side of Gardiners Island. It affords excel- near the southwest end and has several large buildings lent anchorage in easterly winds in depths of about 25 and a prominent tank; it is marked on its western point feet, but is exposed to all westerly winds. by Plum Gut Light. The island is a Government reser- vation and closed to the public. (127) Gardiners Point, a low spit, is at the northerly end of a very shoal bar which extends 1.5 miles north- (136) The bight in the southeast side of Plum Island is northwestward from Gardiners Island. This shoal is foul to Plum Island Rock, which is 0.5 mile from shore steep-to on its north and west sides and is marked by a abreast of the middle of the island, has 1 foot over it and lighted gong buoy. A rock with a depth of 2 feet over it is is marked by a buoy. about 0.8 mile eastward of the north point of Gardiners Island and is marked by a buoy. (137) Plum Gut Harbor, on the southwest side of Plum Island, has an entrance between jetties with private (128) The Ruins, a concrete structure on Gardiners seasonal lights on dolphins off the outer ends. The Point, is Government property and formerly a naval lights are shown daily from sundown to 0130. A private aircraft bombing target; it is prohibited to the public. fog signal at the west jetty light is sounded occasionally The Ruins and the area within 300 yards radius of it is when Department of Agriculture vessels are navigating dangerous due to the possible existence of undetonated in the area. A depth of about 14 feet is in the entrance. explosives. Small yachts seeking shelter in an emergency lie along- side the wharves. The harbor is under the supervision of (129) A restricted anchorage for U.S. Navy submarines is the Department of Agriculture and the Coast Guard, about 3 miles eastward of Gardiners Island. (See 110.1 and may be used only with permission. and 110.150, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) (130) Gardiners Bay is at the western end of Block Island Sound from which it is separated by Gardiners Island. The bay is an excellent anchorage easily entered day or night, and is the approach to Shelter Island Sound and

280 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 COLREGS Demarcation Lines (146) Hog Creek Point, on the southerly side of (138) The lines established for Plum Gut Harbor are de- Gardiners Bay, is generally flat, with bluffs approxi- mately 25 feet in height. Lionhead Rock, off the point scribed in 80.155, chapter 2. and marked by a buoy, is awash at high water. Fishtraps are westward of the point. (139) Plum Gut, the entrance to Gardiners Bay from Long Island Sound, is nearly 0.6 mile wide and has suf- (147) Threemile Harbor, on the south side of Gardiners ficient water for vessels of the deepest draft; in the pas- Bay 1.7 miles southwestward of Hog Creek Point, is en- sage are several rocks with depths of 15 to 22 feet over tered through a channel with two privately dredged them. A wreck with a least depth of 57 feet is in about sections. In 1980, a portion of the wooden bulkhead on 41°10'06\"N., 72°12'59\"W. Tidal currents set through the west side of the entrance collapsed into the chan- the passage with great velocity. Steamers, or sailing nel. In 1981, it was reported that by favoring the east vessels with a strong favorable wind, should have no side of the entrance channel a depth of 8 feet could be difficulty in passing through. carried to a point opposite Maidstone Park, thence in 1996, a reported depth of 6 feet could be carried to the (140) Velocities of the current on flood and ebb are 3.5 basin at the head of the harbor. The approach to the and 4.3 knots, respectively. The flood sets northwestward harbor is marked by a seasonal lighted bell buoy, and and the ebb southeastward. Heavy tide rips occur. In the channel is marked by lighted and unlighted buoys. 1983, NOAA Ships RUDE and HECK reported that dur- The jetties at the harbor entrance are marked on the ing the flood a countercurrent normally develops along outer ends by private lights. A public commercial land- the north shore of Plum Island. This countercurrent is ing with reported depths of 8 feet is on the east side of most prevalent within 0.5 mile of the island. Caution is the channel about 0.6 mile above the entrance. A 5 mph recommended when using this passage. speed limit is enforced in the harbor. (141) Oyster Pond Reef, extending about 0.5 mile east- Anchorage northeastward from Orient Point, is marked by a light (148) Anchorage is available in Threemile Harbor in and fog signal. Caution is recommended regarding the fog signal, as it may be difficult to hear at times, partic- depths of 9 to 14 feet with soft bottom and good holding ularly with an easterly wind. Numerous boulders and ground; this is a good anchorage during strong winds. little depth are between the light and Orient Point. Midway Shoal, about 0.5 mile east of the light, has 17 Tides and currents feet over it and is marked by a lighted buoy. (149) The range of tide in the entrance to the harbor is (142) When using Plum Gut it is well to give Plum Island 2.4 feet. The tidal current has a velocity of about 3 and Orient Point Light a berth of 0.2 mile. The best wa- knots through the entrance. ter in the passage will be found on a 295° course, pass- ing Pine Point and the buoy marking Midway Shoal at a Small-craft facilities distance of 350 yards and passing midway between Ori- (150) Small-craft facilities on the east and south sides of ent Point Light and Plum Gut Light on the western end of Plum Island. Threemile Harbor can provide berths, electricity, gaso- line, diesel fuel, water, ice, launching ramps, storage, (143) A channel, with a reported controlling depth of 7 lifts to 40 tons, and hull and engine repair. Provisions feet in 1999, leads to a research basin operated by the can be obtained at the town of East Hampton, 3.5 miles U.S. Department of Agriculture on the south side of south of Threemile Harbor. Orient Point, about 1 mile southwest of Orient Point (151) In 1989, the public pier maintained by the town of Light. A ferry operates between here, Plum Island and East Hampton at the head of the harbor had reported New London. depths of 7 feet at its face and 4 feet on its west side. Small-craft facility COLREGS Demarcation Lines (144) A small-craft facility is about 0.1 mile westward of (152) The lines established for Threemile Harbor are de- the wharf. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, wa- scribed in 80.155, chapter 2. ter, ice, and a launching ramp are available. In 1981, a reported depth of about 6 feet could be carried to the fa- Chart 12358 cility. (153) Shelter Island Sound and Peconic Bays extend (145) Acabonack Harbor, at the southeast end of Gardiners westward from Gardiners Bay about 22 miles to River- Bay, is entered through a privately maintained and head, the head of navigation on Peconic River. They are marked channel with a reported controlling depth of 8 feet in the entrance in 1996.

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 281 much frequented by yachts and other small craft in the reported about 250 yards south of Buoy 10 at summer. Fishtraps and oyster stakes are on many of the 41°04'11.5\"N., 72°18'22.5\"W. Care should be taken to shoals. avoid this hazard. (154) A depth of about 26 feet can be carried through the (161) A special anchorage is in Coecles Harbor. (See channel north of Shelter Island and through Little 110.1 and 110.60(y), chapter 2, for limits and regula- Peconic Bay as far as Robins Island, and about 13 feet tions.) through the channel south of Shelter Island. Across the bar between Little and Great Peconic Bays about 13 feet COLREGS Demarcation Lines can be carried. With local knowledge greater depths (162) The lines established for Coecles Harbor are de- can be carried in the channels and across the bar. A depth of about 6 feet can be taken to South Jamesport scribed in 80.155, chapter 2. and Riverhead. (163) Extensive flats make off from Ram Head and the Tides and currents shore between it and Hay Beach Point, the northern- (155) The mean range of tide is about 2.5 feet. The tidal most point of Shelter Island, which is a low flat with a clump of scrub at its end and backed by wooded high- currents have considerable velocity wherever the chan- land. Long Beach Point is a low spit eastward of Hay nel is narrowed. The velocity in the narrower places is Beach Point. A bar with little depth extends southwest- about 1.8 knots. erly from Long Beach Point to the ruins of a former lighthouse of which only the 10-foot concrete founda- (156) Ice obstructs navigation in the coves and shallow tion remains. A private light marks the ruins. harbors during January and February. In severe win- ters, drift ice is reported to interfere with navigation for (164) Shoals with depths of 10 to 12 feet extend 0.5 mile short periods of time. In the south arm of Shelter Is- eastward from Long Beach Point. The south and west land Sound, the ice is heavy enough at times to destroy sides of this shoal have depths of 12 to 15 feet, and rise structures exposed to it. abruptly from the channel. The limits of the shoal south of the point are marked by buoys. The bar has ex- Small-craft facilities tended southward enough to be a real danger to small (157) Diesel fuel, gasoline, ice, water, marine supplies, craft. and other provisions can best be obtained at Greenport COLREGS Demarcation Lines and Sag Harbor. Several boatyards, shipyards, marine (165) The lines established for the Long Island bays are railways, and enclosed basins with excellent repair fa- cilities are at Greenport. described in 80.155, chapter 2. (158) Ram Head is a prominent sandy bluff on the west- (166) Orient Harbor, about 4 miles northwestward of ern shore of Gardiners Bay. A lower bluff is nearly 1.5 Ram Head, is an excellent anchorage; the depths range miles westward of Ram Head with numerous houses from over 20 feet in its southern part to 16 feet at its along the top. A shoal with 7 to 17 feet over it extends northern end. Orient is a village at the northeast end of about 2.4 miles southeastward from Ram Head. Orient Harbor. At the end of the main wharf the depth is 8½ feet. The eastern part of Orient Harbor has depths (159) A boulder with 1 foot over it is 230 yards from shore of 7 to 9 feet. Fish traps are on the shoals. about 0.3 mile northeastward of the northern point of the entrance to Coecles Harbor. Other boulders with (167) About 0.4 mile northeastward of Cleaves Point, at little depth are between this boulder and Ram Head. the southwest end of Orient Harbor, the shore has been cut through to a small pond which is used as a private (160) The entrance to Coecles Harbor is at the south end basin for small craft. The entrance, between two jetties, of Ram Head; the channel is marked by private seasonal has a depth of about 3 feet over the bar, with about 6 buoys and a private seasonal light. In 1996, the re- feet in the basin. Permission is required before anchor- ported controlling depth in the privately maintained ing in the basin. Rocks are 0.2 mile south of the en- entrance channel was 8 feet. The speed limit is 5 mph. trance. A marina and boatyard are in the harbor. A mobile hoist at the boatyard can haul out craft up to 35 tons; gaso- (168) Hallock Bay makes eastward from Orient Harbor line, water, ice, diesel fuel, marine supplies, sewage on the north side of Long Beach Point. A channel, pumpout, berths, guest moorings, storage facilities, marked by uncharted private daybeacons, leads into and complete engine and hull repairs are available. In the bay. The bay is shallow and dangers and shoaling 1981, a reported depth of 5½ feet could be carried to the have been reported. Local knowledge is advised prior to marina and boatyard. In 2003, a dangerous rock was entering.

282 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 (169) Gull Pond is 0.3 mile westward of Cleaves Point at around the edges. Moorings and float landings for the southwest end of Orient Harbor. In 1981, a reported small craft are in the bight at the southwest end of the depth of 4 feet could be carried through the entrance, harbor. Vessels too large to enter can anchor outside with depths of 10 to 15 feet reported in the pond. A the harbor in depths of 14 to 30 feet. The speed limit is State launching ramp is available in the pond. 5 mph. (170) Greenport is an important town and the terminus Small-craft facilities of a branch of the Long Island Railroad. The white (177) Small-craft facilities, on the west side of the harbor, church spires, near the northern end of town, and a tank and TV radio tower in the center of town are prom- can provide berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, wa- inent. ter, ice, marine supplies, sewage pumpout, and hull and outboard engine repairs. A launching ramp is also (171) Greenport Harbor is formed on the northeast by a available. 5-foot-high breakwater, which extends 0.2 mile south- eastward from Youngs Point, nearly to the 18-foot (178) Shelter Island Heights is on the southwestern side curve, and is marked at its outer end by a light. The of Dering Harbor. depths at the wharves range from 5 to 20 feet. The rail- road wharf on the south side of the waterfront can ac- (179) Fanning Point is on the north shore at the south- commodate a vessel up to 100 feet. west end of Greenport. A shoal extends 300 yards off the point and is marked by a seasonal lighted buoy. Four (172) Stirling Basin, on the northeast side of Greenport, dolphins, part of a former oil facility, are northward of is a part of Greenport Harbor. In 2009, Sandy Beach had the point. Currents of 2 knots, running fair with the migrated into the entrance channel, but 6.7 feet could channel, have been reported in the vicinity of Fanning be carried in the left outside quarter. The anchorage ar- Point. eas had depths of 5 to 8 feet. The entrance channel is marked by private seasonal buoys. Two smaller pri- (180) Conkling Point, on the north shore 1 mile south- vately dredged channels with depths of about 9 feet re- westward of Fanning Point, is low and sandy at the end ported are in the northeastern part of the basin. and has deep water as close as 150 yards. A marina on the southwest side of the point had a reported depth of (173) The harbormaster for Greenport Harbor controls 6 feet in the approach in 2006. Berths and moorings, mooring and berthing in the basin. The speed limit is 5 electricity, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, a mph. pump-out, a launching ramp, a 30-ton mobile hoist and winter storage are available. Hull and engine re- Small-craft facilities pairs can be made. (174) Small-craft facilities at Greenport can provide (181) Mill Creek is the entrance to Hashamomuck Pond, berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, stor- about 1.1 miles westward of Conkling Point. In 1981, age, marine supplies, a pump-out facility, and hull and the privately dredged entrance channel into the creek engine repairs. The largest marine railway, at a ship- had a controlling depth of 4 feet, thence 3½ feet was re- building company at the southeast end of the water- ported in the channel along the northwest shore of Mill front, can handle craft up to 500 tons and 15 feet in Creek. The entrance channel is marked by private sea- draft. Mobile hoists to 50 tons are available. A sonal buoys. About 400 yards eastward of the creek is a well-equipped machine shop is also in the town. small bight entered through a channel with a depth of about 4 feet and marked by private seasonal lights and (175) A ferry operates between Greenport and Shelter Is- buoys. In 1992, severe shoaling was reported across the land. During the summer, bus service is available from entrance. Greenport to Orient Point where there is ferry service to New London. (182) Jennings Point, the western end of Shelter Island, is high and wooded. Rocks are off the point close-to, (176) Dering Harbor, southward of Greenport and at the and it should be given a berth of over 150 yards. A northwest end of Shelter Island, is a favorite anchorage lighted buoy is off the point. A gazebo on the point is for yachts and motorboats. The entrance to the harbor, prominent. marked by private buoys, is partially constricted by a disposal area in about mid-entrance and shoal area (183) The town of Southold is at the head of Southold with a reported depth of 4 feet in 1981 that extends Bay, which is the bight at the western end of Shelter Is- from the southwestern entrance point to near the dis- land Sound westward of Jennings Point. For about a posal area; caution is advised. In 1989, it was reported mile northeastward of the entrance jetty, shoals with that about 10 feet could be carried into the harbor with 12 feet or less extend nearly 0.4 mile from shore and are local knowledge. Depths of 10 to 14 feet are available in generally steep-to. The southwest part of the bay is the central part of the harbor, with much lesser depths shoal for about 0.3 mile from shore. Anchorage can be

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 283 selected east-southeast of the jetty at a distance of from Nicoll Point. Buoys mark the limit of the channel in 0.2 to 0.4 mile, in 12 to 18 feet. this area. (184) A small jettied basin is about 0.5 mile northeast of (193) Northwest Harbor, between Cedar Island Light and Southold entrance. The overhead power cable crossing Barcelona Point, is strewn with boulders covered by 4 the entrance has a clearance of 31 feet. There are no to 6 feet. public landings in the basin. (194) Sand Spit, an extensive shoal partly bare at half- (185) In 1989, the reported controlling depth was about 3 tide, is between Mashomack Point, the southeastern feet in the privately maintained channels in Town extremity of Shelter Island, and Sag Harbor. The spit is Creek, Jockey Creek, and Goose Creek. The common marked by buoys and a light. entrance to Town Creek and Jockey Creek is marked by (195) A group of rocks locally known as Gull Island, private seasonal buoys. The highway bridge at the showing bare at half-tide, is nearly 0.4 mile northeast- mouth of Goose Creek has a clearance of 9 feet and the ward of the breakwater at Sag Harbor. bridge that crosses Jockey Creek has a 45-foot fixed (196) Sag Harbor, about 2.5 miles southwestward of the span with a vertical clearance of 6½ feet. light on Cedar Point, is protected on the northeast by a (186) On the shore south of Southold entrance jetty is a breakwater marked at the outer end by a light. A spheri- prominent white tower. cal tank, a radio tower, and several flagpoles are promi- nent landmarks. Small-craft facilities (197) In entering Sag Harbor, do not round the breakwa- (187) There are several small-craft facilities on the ter too closely, as a depth of about 6 feet is found near its end. Anchor eastward or northeastward of the end of creeks and along the west shore of Southold Bay from the former ferry wharf, locally known as Long Wharf. A Paradise Point to Conkling Point. Berths, electricity, 5 mph speed limit is enforced. gasoline, water, ice, marine supplies, launching ramps, (198) In 1974, the dredged channel into Sag Harbor had a storage, lifts, and cranes are available. Provisions can controlling depth of 8 feet (10 feet at midchannel) be obtained at Southold. through the entrance to the turning basin, 9 feet in the turning basin, 5 feet in the southerly anchorage area, (188) Paradise Point, on the west side of Shelter Island and 7 feet in the main anchorage area. In 1991, the Sound, is low and wooded, and from the point a sloping channel was no longer being maintained. The channel sandspit extends about 0.3 mile eastward and is marked to Sag Harbor Cove is about 8 feet deep; this channel by a lighted buoy. Southward of Paradise Point, shoals and the cove are marked by private seasonal lights and with depths of 10 to 15 feet extend from the west shore buoys. A fixed bridge at the entrance has a clearance of to midsound; the southeast point of the shoals is 21 feet. Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, stor- marked by a buoy. age, marine supplies, water, ice, launching ramps, and complete engine, hull, rigging, and sail repairs are (189) The channel south of Shelter Island has numerous available at Sag Harbor; a 30-ton mobile hoist, near the shoals, but is easily followed by vessels of 13 feet or less inner end of the breakwater, can haul out craft up to draft when the buoys can be seen. The channel is used about 60 feet. by vessels going to Sag Harbor. Vessels operating be- (199) Smith Cove, a small bight on the south side of tween Greenport and Sag Harbor prefer the inside Shelter Island, is a good anchorage for small craft in route around the western end of Shelter Island. The northerly weather. Depths range from 11 to 30 feet. A tidal current in the channel between Shelter Island and marina on the west side of the cove can provide moor- North Haven Peninsula has a velocity of about 2.4 ings, limited berths, gasoline, electricity, water, and knots. The approach from Gardiners Bay is across a some marine supplies. In 1981, a depth of 6 feet was re- shoal or bar which extends in a southeasterly direction ported alongside the pier at the marina. A ferry oper- from Ram Head to the south shore, the depths on ates between South Ferry on the southwest side of the which vary from 7 to 11 feet about 1.6 miles from Ram cove to North Haven Peninsula. Head, and thence 13 to 17 feet to the buoys which mark (200) West Neck Harbor and West Neck Bay are shallow the entrance. bodies of water on the southwest side of Shelter Island. In 1989, it was reported that a depth of 2 feet could be (190) Dangerous Rock, awash at low water in surround- carried over the bar and into the harbor from Shelter ing depths of about 12 feet, is 0.2 mile south of the Island Sound. The entrance is close eastward of the sea- channel. ward end of a peninsula, marked by a private lighted buoy, that separates the harbor from the sound, and the (191) A shoal extends 0.3 to 0.4 mile north of the shore of channel follows along the north side of this peninsula. Cedar Point which is marked by a light. The shoal has boulders, and its edge is marked by buoys. (192) Shoals with boulders and little water over them in places extend nearly 0.5 mile southeastward from

284 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 The channel is marked by private buoys. The harbor (209) Little Peconic Bay is about 5 miles long. The has numerous private landings. A boatyard with a ma- southerly shore of the bay is clear if given a berth of 0.4 rine railway can handle craft up to 40 feet for hull and mile, but shoals extend 0.6 mile from the south end of engine repairs. Berths, gasoline, water, ice, a launching the bay. ramp, and some marine supplies are available. (210) An aquaculture site, marked by private seasonal Anchorage buoys, is at the south end of Little Peconic Bay about 1 (201) A special anchorage is in West Neck Harbor. (See mile north-northwest of the entrance to North Sea Harbor. 110.1 and 110.60 (y-1), chapter 2, for limits and regu- lations.) (211) A prominent sandy bluff, known locally as Holmes Hill, is just west of the entrance to North Sea Harbor. (202) Noyack (Noyac) Bay is between North Haven Pen- In 2008, the reported controlling depth through the insula and Jessup Neck and southward of the western dredged channel and into the harbor was 7 feet. The end of Shelter Island. No dangers will be encountered if channel is marked by private seasonal buoys and by a the shores are given a berth of 0.4 mile. private seasonal light at the entrance. This is an excel- lent harbor of refuge for small craft with drafts not ex- (203) Mill Creek, in the southern part of Noyack Bay, is ceeding 3½ feet. The bottom is soft with good holding entered through a privately dredged channel that leads ground. to a basin. The channel is marked by private seasonal lights and buoys. In 1991, the reported controlling (212) A marina in the harbor has gasoline, ice, water, depth was 8 feet in the channel; thence in 1981, 6 feet some marine supplies, and a lift that can handle craft to in the basin. A clubhouse on the west side of the en- 10 tons; hull and engine repairs can be made. trance is prominent. (213) Wooley Pond, 1 mile northeastward of North Sea Small-craft facilities Harbor, is entered through a dredged channel which, in (204) Small-craft facilities in the creek can provide 2000, had a reported depth of 8 feet. The channel is marked by private seasonal buoys and by a private sea- berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, storage, a sonal light on the north side of the entrance. launching ramp, marine supplies, and hull and engine repairs; a 25-ton mobile hoist is available. (214) A marina in the pond can provide berths, electric- ity, gasoline, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, and (205) Jessup Neck is a long narrow strip, partly high and hull and engine repairs; a 45-foot marine railway and a wooded, separating Noyack Bay from Little Peconic 12-ton forklift are available. In 1981, depths of 5 to 6 Bay. The north end of the neck is a sandspit from which feet were reported available at the marina. a shoal with 4 to 12 feet over it extends nearly 0.4 mile north-northwestward. A lighted buoy marks the outer (215) Nassau Point, the long neck on the northwest side end of the shoal area. of Little Peconic Bay, has high bluffs on the eastern side. A shoal with little depth over it extends 0.5 mile (206) A shoal with depths of 5 to 7 feet extends 1.5 miles southward from Nassau Point and is marked by a southwestward from Great Hog Neck, on the north- lighted buoy. west side at the entrance to Little Peconic Bay; this shoal is marked by a seasonal lighted buoy. (216) Cutchogue Harbor, between Nassau Point and New Suffolk, is used by local boats drawing 6 to 10 feet. On (207) Heavy tide rips occur southeast of Great Hog Neck the east shore of the harbor, northwestward of Nassau during the flood with a southwesterly wind. At such Point, three channels leading into the ponds have been times, small craft can avoid the worst of them by favor- dredged by private interests. At the middle of the three ing the shore on the northwest side of the passage. channels, 0.9 mile northwest of the extremity of Nassau Point, are several private wharves. The channel (208) Richmond Creek and Corey Creek are at the head leads between two jetties, and a depth of about 3 feet of Hog Neck Bay. A depth of about 7 feet can be taken in can be carried into the pond and 1 foot to some of the the privately dredged channel leading to a basin in wharves. Richmond Creek; the channel is marked by private sea- sonal buoys. In 1999, the dredged channel leading into (217) Haywater Cove, Broadwater Cove, Mud Creek, and and connecting with small boat channels in Corey East Creek, used by local interests and sharing a com- Creek had a controlling depth of 4 feet. In 1964, con- mon entrance, are at the head of Cutchogue Harbor. trolling depths in the small-boat channels inside Corey The entrance channel and the channels through these Creek were 5½ to 6 feet. The entrance channel is waterways have been privately dredged. In 1999, a re- marked by private buoys. ported depth of 6 feet was available in the entrance channel; thence in 1966, 6 feet in East Creek and 7 feet in Haywater Cove and Broadwater Cove; thence in

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 285 1976, 6 feet in Mud Creek. Shoaling is reported to occur (227) Sebonac Creek, on the southeast side of Great in these areas; caution is advised. Peconic Bay, is used extensively by yachts, and serves as (218) A depth of 8 feet can be taken within 100 feet of the a yacht harbor for the town of Southampton. A pri- wharves at New Suffolk by passing eastward and about vately dredged channel, marked by private seasonal 200 yards northward of the buoy westward of Nassau lights and buoys, leads into the creek and had a re- Point and steering westward for the wharves. A small ported controlling depth of 8 feet in 1981. The landings basin, with a depth of about 8 feet reported in 1981, is are at West Neck, a small settlement northeastward of northward of the wharf. In 1981, shoaling to 2 feet was Ram Island in Bullhead Bay. An obstruction buoy is lo- reported in the southern part of Cutchogue Harbor, cally maintained during the summer to mark a rock, about 0.4 mile east of New Suffolk. covered 1½ feet, about 100 feet westward of the town (219) A larger basin at the north end of New Suffolk, lo- landing. In 1981, a reported depth of 5 feet could be car- cally known as School House Creek, extends to the ried to the town landing. A 5 mph speed limit is en- highway. The entrance channel is protected by a short forced. rock jetty, covered at high water, on the south. The depth to the boatyard at the head of the basin was re- (228) Cold Spring Pond, about 1.6 miles southwestward ported to be 6 feet in 2008. Berths, gasoline, storage, of Sebonac Creek and 1.1 miles eastward of Shinnecock marine supplies, hull and engine repairs, and a 30-ton Canal entrance, is entered through a privately dredged mobile hoist are available at the boatyard. channel which had a reported depth of 6 feet in 2001. In (220) Wickham Creek, locally known as Boatmens Har- 1992, severe shoaling was reported in the entrance. The bor, 0.7 mile north of New Suffolk, is entered through a entrance channel to the pond is marked by a private privately dredged entrance channel with a reported seasonal light and buoy. An overhead power cable at the controlling depth of 8 feet in 2002. The channel is entrance to the pond has a clearance of 34 feet. marked by private seasonal buoys and bush stakes. Gas- oline, water, ice, storage, a launching ramp, and some (229) James Creek, on the north shore of Great Peconic marine supplies are available in the basin. A flatbed Bay opposite the entrance to Shinnecock Canal, is en- trailer can haul out craft to 32 feet. tered through a privately dredged channel that had a (221) In southeast gales, local craft of less than 6-foot reported controlling depth of 6 feet in 2008. The en- draft seek shelter in the small cove, locally known as trance is marked by private seasonal buoys. Small-craft Horseshoe Cove, in the northeast part of Cutchogue facilities on the creek can provide berths, electricity, Harbor. gasoline, water, ice, some marine supplies, a pump-out (222) The through channel in North Race, northward of station, launching ramps, storage, and hull and engine Robins Island, is marked and used only by light-draft repairs. A flatbed trailer can haul out craft to 30 feet. boats. South Race, the channel southward of Robins Is- land, has a controlling depth of about 13 feet and is (230) South Jamesport is a village on Miamogue Point, marked by buoys. 3.4 miles southwestward of James Creek. Local knowl- (223) An aquaculture site, marked by private buoys, is 0.6 edge is necessary to avoid the shoals in this area, and mile southwest of the south end of Robins Island. strangers should take soundings frequently to keep in (224) Tide rips occur between the mainland and the the best water. south end of Robins Island when the tidal current sets against the wind. Small-craft facility (225) Great Peconic Bay, about 5 miles in diameter, is (231) A small-craft facility at South Jamesport can pro- used mostly by local motorboats from Shinnecock Canal and by yachts. The bay is generally clear, but extensive vide berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, launching shoals make off from the shores, except on its south ramps, storage, marine supplies, and hull and engine side. Shinnecock Canal, the entrance from the south, is repairs; a 25-ton mobile hoist is available. In 1999, a re- described in chapter 10. ported depth of 6 feet could be taken to the facility. The (226) Rodgers Rock, about 1.3 miles west-southwest- town has railroad passenger and bus service. ward of Cow Neck and about 1.2 miles south-southwest of Robins Island, has a depth of 6 feet over it and is (232) Peconic River empties into the western end of marked on the northeast side by a buoy. Robins Island Flanders Bay, about 1.5 miles westward of South Rock, 0.8 mile westward of the south end of Robins Is- Jamesport. The river is entered through a dredged land, is awash at low water. It is marked by a buoy. Cau- channel marked by private seasonal lights that leads tion is recommended in this vicinity. from Flanders Bay to the head of navigation at River- head, about 2.4 miles above the channel entrance. The dredged channel is approached from deep water in Great Peconic Bay through a marked channel. In 2001, the controlling depth was 4.3 feet (5.7 feet at midchannel) in the dredged channel. A fixed highway

286 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 bridge with a clearance of 25 feet crosses the river (238) In Sugar Reef and Catumb Passages the tidal cur- about 0.9 mile above the mouth. rents set obliquely across the axis of the channel. The (233) Flanders Bay is the scene of considerable small flood sets northwestward and the ebb southeastward. boat activity. Small-craft facilities are at Riverhead; The tidal currents in Sugar Reef Passage are about the limited berths, electricity, gasoline, water and a pump- same velocity as in Watch Hill Passage, but are stronger out station are available. in Catumb Passage. (234) Meetinghouse Creek, Terrys Creek, and Reeves Creek, which empty into the northwestern part of (239) In Lords Passage the tidal currents set diagonally Flanders Bay, are entered through privately dredged across the channel and have a velocity of nearly 2 knots, channels. In 1981, the channels had reported control- the ebb being greater than the flood. ling depths of 5 feet. The entrance channel leading to, and connecting with, Terrys Creek and Meetinghouse (240) In the main channel of Fishers Island Sound, the Creek is marked by private seasonal buoys and a private flood sets westward and the ebb eastward. In the main seasonal light. A marina is on Meetinghouse Creek. channel between Napatree Point and Wicopesset Is- Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, ma- land, the velocity of flood is 1.7 knots and ebb 2.2 knots. rine supplies, launching ramp, a 6-ton forklift, 55-ton The flood sets 284° and the ebb 113°. mobile hoist, storage facilities, and hull and engine re- pairs are available. In 2008, a reported depth of 8 feet (241) In the channel south of Ram Island Reef, the veloci- was available alongside. The marina monitors VHF-FM ties of flood and ebb are 1.3 and 1.6 knots, respectively. channel 69. The flood sets 255° and the ebb 088°. The direction and (235) Reeves Bay, on the southwest side of Flanders Bay, velocity of the current are affected by strong winds that is entered through a privately dredged channel that may change the duration of flood or ebb. leads to the town of Flanders on the south side of the bay. In 1999, the channel had a reported controlling (242) The strong tidal currents prevent the formation of depth of 2 feet. Other dredged channels lead from the heavy local ice, except in shoal tributaries. The only ice entrance channel into several arms of the bay. A to give trouble is that set in from Long Island Sound by boatyard at Flanders has gasoline, storage facilities, wind and current. The ice formations in Little marine supplies, and a 10-ton marine railway; hull and Narragansett Bay are sufficiently heavy to be destruc- engine repairs can be made. tive to structures exposed to them. Chart 13214 (243) On the south side of Fishers Island Sound, off the north side of East Point on Fishers Island, are Seal (236) Fishers Island Sound extends between the main- Rocks, partly bare at low water and marked by a buoy. A land of Connecticut and Fishers Island, and forms one rocky patch covered 11 feet and marked by a buoy is of the entrances into Long Island Sound that is used to about 500 yards northeastward of Seal Rocks. Youngs some extent by light tows and other vessels up to Rock, about 0.4 mile westward of Seal Rocks, has about 14-foot draft. The sound has numerous shoals and lob- 1 foot over it and is marked by a buoy. A rocky patch ex- ster trap buoys, and the entire area is exceedingly tends about 400 yards to the east-northeastward. treacherous, characterized by boulder patches that rise abruptly from deep water. Vessels should follow the (244) East Harbor and Chocomount Cove, in the north deeper channels between the shoals and proceed with shore of Fishers Island, are sometimes used as anchor- caution if obliged to cross shoal areas. In general, all ages by small craft. There is considerable foul ground shoal spots or abrupt changes of depth are indications in East Harbor and in the approach to Chocomount of boulders and should be avoided as anchorages. Cove. The harbor and cove are exposed to northerly winds. A former Coast Guard Station with a boathouse Tides and currents and dock is prominent near the south side of East Har- (237) In Watch Hill Passage the tidal currents are strong bor. Several small private piers with about 6 feet at their ends are in East Harbor. and necessitate caution in navigating. Buoys may be towed under. The flood current sets nearly in the direc- (245) The north shore of Fishers Island from East Harbor tion of the channel, but has a tendency to northward around into West Harbor has several private landings. and the ebb a tendency to southward. The northerly and southerly set is more marked between Napatree (246) East Clump is a cluster of rocks partly bare at high Point and Latimer Reef Light. water and marked by a buoy about 0.8 mile north of Fishers Island. From East Clump for some 2.8 miles westward to North Dumpling, there are rocky islets and dangers which must be avoided. These are 0.5 to 0.8 mile off the Fishers Island shore, and most are buoyed. North Dumpling, an islet marked by a light and fog sig- nal, is surrounded by rocks awash and foul ground. Seaflower Reef, marked by a light, is near the middle of

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 287 the western entrance of Fishers Island Sound and 0.8 (254) The west side of Napatree Point should not be ap- mile northwestward of North Dumpling Light. proached closer than 175 yards to avoid a stone jetty (247) West Harbor, on the north side of Fishers Island which is covered at high water. Between Napatree Point southeastward of North Dumpling Light, affords shel- and the Stonington outer breakwater is an extensive ter from southerly winds. In 2002, the dredged channel flat on which the depths are 3 to 10 feet, rocky bottom. leading into the harbor along the west shore had a con- Middle Ground, the western part of the flat, is marked trolling depth of 10.2 feet. Foul ground extends across by the outer breakwater, which has a light at its western the entrance of West Harbor to near the eastern edge of end. A fog signal is at the light. the dredged channel; the northern limits of the foul ground are buoyed. (255) A depth of 17 feet can be taken to an anchorage in- (248) A yacht club wharf and another small-craft facility side this breakwater, giving the light on the breakwater are on the southwest side of the harbor. Gasoline, diesel a berth of more than 250 yards. In anchoring, give the fuel, water, ice, and hull and engine repairs are avail- inside of the breakwater a berth of over 300 yards to able. A marine railway can handle craft up to 40 feet. avoid shoals and fishweirs. This anchorage provides The head of the harbor is used by boats drawing less good shelter except in southwesterly and westerly than 5 feet which enter by the narrow unmarked chan- winds, although it is seldom used. nel southward of Goose Island. (249) Hay Harbor, at the west end of Fishers Island, is (256) Little Narragansett Bay, at the eastern end of Fish- used by small craft. ers Island Sound, is entered at its extreme western end (250) Silver Eel Cove (Silver Eel Pond) is on the west southward of Stonington Point. The channel, with side of Fishers Island, 0.6 mile northeastward of Race dredged sections, extends generally southeasterly Point. The entrance, about 75 feet wide and jettied, is across the bay into Pawcatuck River to Westerly. In marked by a private light and has a depth of about 11 2007, the controlling depth was 7.5 feet from the en- feet, with similar depths inside. Submerged fender pil- trance to a point just southwest of Little Narragansett ings are reported on both sides of the entrance. Dol- Bay Entrance Lighted Buoy 5 where the channel has phins are on the northeast side of the cove, and the been encroached upon by the shoaling off Sand Point. channel is clear between them and the wharves on the Deep water is available, with local knowledge, north of southwest side. Vessels must go to the wharves as there the channel opposite the shoal. The channel continues is no room for anchorage. There is very little dockage eastward of Little Narragansett Bay Entrance Lighted available. The entrance is difficult with northwesterly Buoy 5 to Little Narragansett Bay Entrance Buoy 9 with or westerly winds. A lighted whistle buoy is about 450 a controlling depth of 5.8 feet, thence 7.4 feet to the en- yards off the entrance. A ferry which operates between trance of Pawcatuck River. Fishers Island and New London lands here. During the summer, a Coast Guard unit is stationed inside the en- (257) Caution should be exercised in entering Little trance to the cove. Narragansett Bay. Shoal water extends for about 200 (251) On the north side of Fishers Island Sound are: Lit- yards off Stonington Point, and the shoal area north of tle Narragansett Bay, and Pawcatuck River leading to Sandy Point is subject to continual change. Strangers the towns of Westerly and Pawcatuck; Stonington Har- are advised to obtain local information before entering bor and the town of Stonington; and Mystic Harbor because of rocks and shoal water near the edges of the leading to the towns of Noank and Mystic. channel. (252) Napatree Beach, 1.3 miles long between Watch Hill Point and Napatree Point, is bare. Sandy Point, about Tides and currents 1.4 miles north-northwestward of Napatree Point, is at (258) In the dredged channel northward of Sandy Point, the northwestern end of a long and narrow sand island in Little Narragansett Bay. An extensive sandspit makes the currents have a velocity of 1.3 knots. The flood sets off from the northeasterly and southwesterly sides of eastward and the ebb westward. (See the Tidal Current the island; give these areas a good berth. The island is Tables for predictions and Tidal Current Charts, Block subject to continual change; caution is advised. Island Sound and Eastern Long Island Sound, for (253) Napatree Point Ledge, a boulder reef with little hourly velocities and directions.) depth, extends nearly 0.4 mile southward of the point. It is marked by a lighted bell buoy. A sunken wreck is (259) Watch Hill Cove, in the southeastern part of Little about 0.3 mile eastward of the ledge in about 41°18'N., Narragansett Bay, is used by small craft. In 2007, the 71°53'W. buoyed dredged channel leading to the cove had a con- trolling depth of 4.5 feet (5.8 feet at midchannel). Depths of 3.8 to 9.4 feet are inside the cove and at the wharves.

288 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 Anchorage (265) Colonel Willie Cove, 0.5 mile above Pawcatuck (260) A special anchorage is in the cove. (See 110.1 and Point, has a boatyard with a marine railway that can handle craft up to 50 feet for hull and engine repairs. 110.47, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Berths with electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage facilities, a pump-out station, marine supplies, (261) A yacht club and town dock are in Watch Hill Cove; and a 30-ton lift are also available. Mariners enroute to berths, guest moorings, electricity, diesel fuel, and wa- the boatyard should use the chart as a guide. ter are available. In 1981, a depth of 10 feet was re- ported at the face of the town dock. Anchorage (266) A special anchorage is in Thompson Cove, 2 miles (262) Pawcatuck River, entered just south of Pawcatuck Point, extends about 4 miles to Westerly. A Federal pro- above Pawcatuck Point. (See 110.1 and 110.48, chap- ject provides for a depth of 10 feet for nearly 4 miles ter 2, for limits and regulations.) A yacht club pier is in thence 7 feet to the end of the channel. (See Notice to the cove. Private seasonal buoys mark the approach to Mariners and latest editions of charts for controlling the pier. depths.) The channel is well marked. Tides and currents (267) Westerly, 4 miles above Pawcatuck Point, is an im- (263) About 1 mile above the entrance to Pawcatuck portant manufacturing town. River the tidal current has a velocity of 0.6 knot on the Small-craft facilities flood, and 0.5 knot on the ebb. (268) There are numerous small-craft facilities along Ice both sides of the Pawcatuck River and at the head at (264) The river is generally closed by ice from January to Westerly and Pawcatuck, just across the river. The larg- est marine railway in the area is at Avondale and it can March. handle craft to 55 feet. Berths, electricity, gasoline, die- sel fuel, water, ice, storage facilities, launching ramps,

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 289 lifts, some repairs and marine supplies are available. (276) Stonington is on the east side of the harbor. Traffic Depths of 7 to 9 feet are reported at the town dock at is mostly fishing and recreational craft. The wharves Pawcatuck. have depths of 7 to 12 feet alongside. Following south- erly weather, a surge is felt by vessels tied to the south- (269) Wequetequock Cove is a shallow cove at the north- ern side of the seaward pier. ern end of Little Narrangansett Bay. A narrow un- marked channel leads eastward of Elihu Island into the (277) A boatyard is in the northeast part of the harbor. cove. A depth of about 4 feet can be taken as far as Goat Berths, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, stor- Island, about a mile above Sandy Point. A fixed railroad age, 40-ton lift, marine supplies, and hull, engine, and bridge with a clearance of 6 feet crosses the cove about electronic repairs are available. In 1981, a reported 0.2 mile above Goat Island. A small-craft facility is on depth of 7 feet could be carried to the yard. the west side of the cove near the head. Water, ice, berths, gasoline, storage facilities, launching ramp, (278) A harbormaster is at Stonington. 4-ton forklift, marine supplies, and hull and engine re- (279) A railroad causeway, with two fixed spans each hav- pairs are available. In 1981, a reported depth of 2 feet could be carried to the facility. ing a clearance of 4 feet, crosses Stonington Harbor 0.4 mile above Stonington. In 2009, construction was un- (270) Stonington Harbor, 3 miles northwestward of Watch derway to replace both fixed spans. Overhead power ca- Hill Point, is protected by breakwaters on each side. bles at the openings have clearances of 41 feet. Each of the breakwaters is marked at its seaward end by (280) Noyes Rock, 0.4 mile southward of Wamphassuc a light. The controlling depth to the inner harbor is Point, has a least depth of 7 feet. Noyes Shoal, with 10 about 11 feet. Anchorage can be selected inside the to 18 feet over it, is nearly 1.5 miles long in a west breakwater in depths of 15 to 18 feet, taking care west-northwesterly direction; it is marked by a gong to keep the south end of Wamphassuc Point bearing buoy near its eastern end. northward of 270°. Vessels drawing up to 8 feet can find anchorage in the inner harbor. A rock that bares at low No-Discharge Zone water is about 50 yards southward of the fishing wharf (281) The State of Connecticut, with the approval of the and is marked by a private buoy. Environmental Protection Agency, has established a Anchorages No-Discharge Zone (NDZ) in the Connecticut portion (271) Special anchorages are in Stonington Harbor. (See of the Pawcatuck River, Little Narragansett Bay, por- tions of Fishers Island Sound and Stonington Harbor. 110.1 and 110.50, chapter 2, for limits and regula- The area covered extends from Wamphassuc Point due tions.) south past Noyes Shoal to the boundary between Con- necticut and New York, easterly following the state (272) Stonington Harbor is approached from southeast- boundary to the intersection of the Connecticut, New ward and westward. Vessels with local knowledge York and Rhode Island State lines, and following the sometimes cross Noyes Shoal from southwestward. boundary between Connecticut and Rhode Island to The southeastern approach is best, with fewer dangers, U.S. Route 1 over the Pawcatuck River and including all and the navigational aids serve as excellent guides to Connecticut waters seaward of U.S. Route 1 (see chart avoid them. In daytime with clear weather, no difficulty 13214 for limits). should be experienced in entering any of the ap- (282) Within the NDZ, discharge of sewage, whether proaches. treated or untreated, from all vessels is prohibited. Outside the NDZ, discharge of sewage is regulated by (273) From southeastward, the course from south of 40 CFR 140 (see chapter 2). Napatree Point Ledge should be west-northwestward until off the buoy at the southwest end of Middle (283) Latimer Reef, about 0.6 mile south of Noyes Shoal, Ground, from which a northerly course can be shaped is a very broken and rocky area 0.4 mile long. It is past the breakwater lights and into the harbor. marked by a light at its west end and a buoy at its east end. The eastern end of the reef has a least found depth (274) From southwestward, a northeasterly course can of 6 feet. be shaped from the lighted bell buoy south of Ram Is- land Reef to south of White Rock, and thence eastward (284) Latimer Reef Light (41°18'16\"N., 71°56'00\"W.), 55 past the north side of Noyes Rock to the harbor. feet above the water, is shown from a white conical tower, brown midway of its height, on a brown cylindri- (275) The inner breakwater, about 400 yards northward cal foundation. A fog signal is at the light. of Stonington Point on the east side of the entrance, ex- tends westward about 250 yards and is marked by a (285) A detached 11-foot spot, marked by a buoy, is about light. 0.4 mile northeast of Latimer Reef Light.

290 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 (286) Eel Grass Ground, about 0.8 mile northwestward (293) In 1983, a rock, covered about 2 feet, was reported of Latimer Reef Light, is a shoal with a least depth of 6 0.2 mile west of Mouse Island in about 41°18'52\"N., feet, marked by buoys. White Rock, about 0.8 mile 71°59'50\"W. northeastward of Eel Grass Ground, is bare and promi- nent. Red Reef, covered 2 feet, is 0.2 mile north of (294) Morgan Point is located on the west side at the en- White Rock and marked by a buoy. Ellis Reef, 0.4 mile trance of Mystic Harbor. A privately maintained and northwestward of Eel Grass Ground, is marked on its marked channel leading to the piers in West Cove at east side by a daybeacon. Noank westward of the point had a least depth of 4 feet reported in 1981. (287) Mason Island, 2.5 miles west of Stonington Har- bor, is joined to the mainland by a fixed bridge with an (295) Groton Long Point, on which is a summer settle- 18-foot span and a clearance of 3 feet; the sound end of ment, is about 0.9 mile southwestward of Morgan the island is strewn with boulders. A special anchorage Point. A reef extends nearly 300 yards southwestward is on the east side of Mason Island. (See 110.1 and from the point and is marked by a buoy. About 0.3 mile 110.50a, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) An an- to the west a rock awash at low water is 175 yards off the chorage for small craft is on the west side of the south southwest end of Groton Long Point. It is marked by a end of Mason Island where depths range from 8 to 11 buoy. feet; caution and local knowledge are required to use this anchorage because of the boulders in the area. A (296) Mystic Harbor, about 6 miles westward of Watch dangerous rock is off the east side of Mason Point, the Hill Point, is the approach to the towns of Noank and southern extremity of Mason Island, in 41°19'21.6\"N., Mystic. A dredged channel leads from Fishers Island 71°58'05.0\"W. Sound through Mystic Harbor and into Mystic River to Mystic Seaport Museum Wharf, about 0.6 mile above (288) Enders Island, 0.3 mile eastward of the southern the bascule bridge. An anchorage basin is on the east end of Mason Island, is connected to it by a fixed bridge side of the river opposite Willow Point. In 2006, the with a 15-foot span and a clearance of 6 feet. controlling depth was 7.3 feet to the head of the project except shoaling to 5.7 feet on the northwest edge; the (289) Ram Island Reef, 1.8 miles westward of Latimer anchorage basin had depths of 4 of 9 feet with lesser Reef Light, has two detached parts: the southerly sec- depths along the east edge. tion is covered 8 feet and marked by a lighted bell buoy, and the northerly section, covered by 6 feet, is marked Anchorages by a daybeacon. Passage between the reef and island is (297) Special anchorages are in Mystic Harbor. (See unsafe because of shoals. 110.1, 110.50b, and 110.50d, chapter 2, for limits (290) Ram Island, about 0.4 mile southwest of Mason Is- and regulations.) land, is wooded and grass-fringed. A shoal, on which are two rocky islets, extends about 0.2 mile northeast- Routes ward from Ram Island. Ram Island Shoal, extending (298) To enter from eastward, lay a west-northwesterly nearly 0.5 mile westward from Ram Island, has little water over it and many rocks bare at low water. course from south of the lighted bell buoy marking Whaleback Rock and the islet 300 yards northwestward Napatree Point Ledge for a little over 3 miles to about of it are bare. 400 yards south of the buoy marking the south end of Cormorant Reef. From here steer 261° for 0.8 mile (291) The narrow but deep channel along the north side until Mason Point is abeam. Then follow the buoyed of Ram Island Shoal is the easterly entrance to Mystic channel. Harbor. Between the shoal and Groton Long Point is an (299) From westward, proceed cautiously from about area of foul ground and several dangerous rocks, in- 100 yards or more southward of the buoy southward of cluding Whale Rock, which bares at low water, at the Groton Long Point on an easterly course for about 0.5 northwesterly end of Ram Island Shoal. This rock is mile to Mystic Harbor Channel Buoy 1, then steer a marked by a seasonal lighted buoy. Leading across the northerly course through the buoyed channel into shoal is the buoyed channel, good for about 11 feet, Mystic Harbor, rounding Noank Light 5 at a distance of which is used by vessels entering Mystic Harbor from about 75 yards. westward. (300) Noank is a town on the west side of the channel (292) A rock covered 6 feet is about 0.5 mile SW of Whale through Mystic Harbor. The mean range of the tide is Rock; about 0.65 mile SW of that rock is Intrepid Rock, about 2.3 feet. There are several small-craft facilities at with 19 feet over it and marked by a buoy, which should Noank and in West Cove. Berths, electricity, gasoline, be avoided. Mouse Island, marked by several dwellings, diesel fuel, water, ice, storage facilities, launching is 150 yards southwestward of Morgan Point. ramps, a pump-out station, 30- and 60-ton lifts, and

Block Island Sound ■ Chapter 7 ■ 291 marine supplies are available; hull, engine, sail, and Small-craft facilities electronic repairs can be made. A harbormaster is at (304) Several small-craft facilities are on the northern Noank. (301) Mystic River flows into Mystic Harbor from north- end of Mason Island. Berths with electricity, gasoline, ward just below Mystic. The river is used by recre- diesel fuel, water, ice, storage facilities, marine sup- ational craft, the local fishing fleet, and by transient plies, a pump-out station, 35-ton lift, and hull and en- craft visiting Mystic Seaport. An anchorage area with gine repairs are available. In 1993, a reported depth of 4 depths of 3½ to 7 feet is in the lower part of the river be- feet could be carried to the facilities. tween Willow Point and Murphy Point. Ice usually closes the river during January and February. (305) The Amtrak railroad bridge over Mystic River be- (302) Willow Point, 0.6 mile below Mystic, has several low Mystic has a swing span with a clearance of 8 feet. small-craft facilities that can provide berths, electric- The U.S. Route 1 highway bridge at Mystic has a bas- ity, water, ice, some engine parts, and marine supplies. cule span with a clearance of 4 feet. (See 117.1 through A 12-ton crane and 30-ton mobile hoist are available; 117.59 and 117.211, chapter 2, for drawbridge regu- hull and engine repairs can be made. lations.) The bridgetenders monitor VHF-FM channel (303) A channel, privately marked by daybeacons, leads 13; call signs KJA–842 and KXR–912, respectively. from the vicinity of Willow Point for 0.3 mile in an east- erly direction, thence about 0.4 mile northeastward to (306) Mystic, a town about 2 miles above Noank, has sev- a marina on the west side of the mouth of Pequotsepos eral small-craft facilities. Berths, electricity, gasoline, Brook, just below the Amtrak railroad bridge. Berths, diesel fuel, water, ice, marine supplies, storage facili- electricity, water, ice, storage, marine supplies, a ties, mobile hoists, a 60-ton lift, and marine railways up 12-ton mobile hoist, and hull and engine repairs are to 110 feet are available; hull and engine repairs can be available. In 1981, a reported depth of 4 feet could be made. carried in the channel to the marina. (307) A harbormaster is at Mystic. (308) The Mystic Seaport Museum is about 0.6 mile above the highway bridge at Mystic. The whaler CHARLES W. MORGAN, full-rigged training ship

292 ■ Chapter 7 ■ Volume 2 JOSEPH CONRAD, and Grand Banks fishing schooner a buoy. Broken and rocky grounds extend from the reef L. A. DUNTON are permanently moored at the museum to the shore eastward of Mumford Point. and open to the public. Along the waterfront of the mu- (314) Vixen Ledge, with a depth of 10 feet and marked by seum property, a mid-19th Century coastal village has a buoy, is about 1 mile west of Horseshoe Reef. Pine Is- been recreated with shops and lofts of that period. Col- land is bluff and grassy, about 1.3 miles west of lections of maritime relics are on exhibit in several for- Mumford Point. It is surrounded by shoal water and mal museum buildings. rocky bottom, and is marked off the southwest side by a (309) Above the Mystic Seaport Museum, the channel is lighted bell buoy. A rock, covered 6 feet, in 41°18'35\"N., very narrow and is marked by privately maintained sea- 72°03'16\"W., is about 0.3 mile northwestward of Vixen sonal buoys; boats of about 5-foot drafts can be taken to Ledge. the Narrows, and thence depths are 1 and 2 feet to Old Mystic. Twin fixed highway bridges crossing the Nar- Anchorage rows have clearances of 25 feet. The stream follows the (315) A special anchorage is on the north side of Pine Is- east bank to the next narrows and the west bank to a marina in the bight about 0.3 mile below Old Mystic. land. (See 110.1 and 110.51, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) Charts 13213, 13212, 13214 (316) The cove indenting the mainland northward of Pine Island and eastward of Avery Point, is entered be- (310) Mumford Cove is entered about 2 miles west of tween Avery Point and westward of Pine Island. The en- Mystic Harbor. A privately dredged channel leads trance to the cove is marked by two buoys just inside northward from the entrance to the head of the cove; and eastward of Avery Point. Depths shoal from about two spur channels lead eastward from the main chan- 10 feet in the entrance to about 1 foot at the head of the nel, about 0.3 mile and 0.6 mile, respectively, above the cove. A breakwater, marked at its end by a private light, entrance. The channels are marked by private seasonal extends southeasterly from the east end of Avery Point. buoys and daybeacons. In 1981, the channels had a re- A yacht club, marina, and State launching ramp are in ported controlling depth of 2 feet. the cove. An unmarked rock awash is about 500 yards 060° from the former lighthouse tower at Avery Point. Anchorages Berths, guest moorings, gasoline, electricity, water, ice, (311) Special anchorages are in the cove. (See 110.1 and marine supplies, and a 14-ton mobile hoist are avail- able at the marina; hull and engine repairs can be 110.50c, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) made. In 2000, a reported depth of 7½ feet could be car- ried to the marina. (312) Venetian Harbor is a yacht basin on the east side of the entrance to Mumford Cove. A channel 75 feet wide (317) Special purpose buoys maintained by the City of leads through stone breakwaters into a basin with Groton show a speed limit of 5 m.p.h. in the area. depths of about 3 to 7 feet. A submerged jetty extends along the channel from the outer end of the east break- Anchorage water. The entrance to the harbor is marked by a light (318) A special anchorage is in the cove. (See 110.1 and on the outer end of the west breakwater. 110.51, chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) (313) Horseshoe Reef, 0.5 mile southward of Mumford Cove entrance, is awash at low water, and is marked by