Bách Khoa Cuộc Sống - Phương Hiếu

["Nhi\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u00f4n k\u1ebf), nhi\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf) th\u00ec \u1edf b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 tinli \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed7ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. B\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u00f4n k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n, d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda, hay c\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ec3 nla\u00ecn cho r\u00f5 hon nlii\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u00eam b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong d\u1ea7u l\u1eeda hay c\u1ed3n. C\u00f2n b\u00ean trong th\u00ea k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chc\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Vc\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt. Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u00f4n k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111o r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00ea \u0111o t\u00f3i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0ong nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111o c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 34 - 42\\\". Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i Vc\u1ea9y v\u00e0i c\u00e1i. Quan s\u00e1t k\u0129 hon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0cmg k\u1eebih b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 tinh \u1edf \u00f4n k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u nhau; ch\u00fang th\u1eb3ng tu\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi; v\u00ec th\u00ea khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do. B\u00ean trong th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n s\u00e1t ch\u1ed7 ph\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac. Khi nlii\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, th\u00ea t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u1edf ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac c\u0169ng n\u1edf ra do v\u1eady c\u1ed9t thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n \u0111i qua noi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 dc\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednli x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bc\u1ea1n. Sau khi \u0111o xong, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u0169. Chi khi nt\u00e0o b\u1ea1n v\u1ea9y v\u00e0i c\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u1ed9t thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y qua ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00ecnh ra \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u00f3i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tmh t\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u00ea khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u00e2'y, bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 Ic\u00e0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 k\u00ea c\u1ee7ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i \u00f4n k\u00ea th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xong b\u1ecf ra xem r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf r\u1eedi\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng nla\u1eefng khi c\u1ea7n ra xem nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 khi \u0111em t\u00f3i cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 xem th\u00ec c\u1ed9t thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u1edf nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169; v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n. - 101 -","T\u1ea1i Sdo d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1eb7t? D\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p. T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a tinh d\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p thu tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn vitamin E. Vitamin E c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n l\u00e3o ho\u00e1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng da. D\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 da r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng chih\u00ecg xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n do tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, t\u00e0n nhang, m\u1ee5n tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1, da kh\u00f4 r\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u0103n nheo. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111em c\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a t\u01b0oi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng l\u00e1t m\u1ecfng, l\u1ea5y mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch lau s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ef1a. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em b\u1ecdc v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i x\u00f4, \u00e9p l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n s\u00e2u th\u00ec ta \u0111\u1eafp nhi\u1ec1u hon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt \u0111i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 da b\u1ecb s\u1eb9o tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 m\u1ec1n hon. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh l\u00e1t nh\u1ecf \u0111em \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu \u0111em tr\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat s\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng thanh nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, l\u1ecdi ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nli\u01b0 s\u01b0ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, ho ra m\u00e1u. \u00c3n nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u00e9o v\u00ec trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. Trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ecdi xenlul\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau ho\u00e1; v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glyx\u00eazin trong m\u00e1u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f3i nay d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u01b0a d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. - 102-","\u0129d\u00ed Sdo v\u00e0o m\u00f9\u00e2 h\u00e8 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch ra b\u1edd bi\u1ebfn t\u1eafm n\u1eafng? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1eafm n\u1eafng. T\u1eafm n\u1eafng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 phoi n\u1eafng. \u00c1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i c\u00f3 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i, tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i khi chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean da c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a da. T\u1eafm n\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong co th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p thu canxi v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho c\u1ee7a co th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, vi\u00eam kh\u00f3p v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nli v\u1ec1 da, t\u1eafm n\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ee9\u00ec\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1eafm n\u1eafng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm n\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng; tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi t\u1eafm n\u1eafng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f4i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kem b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ic\u00e0m \u1ea9m da. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i r\u1ee9i\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng, hay m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean phoi n\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n cam h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c \u1edf nai c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng? \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m do kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 trong kli\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 th\u01a1m mang \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 th\u01a1m c\u00f3 t\u00f3i tr\u00ean 750 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m nic\u00f4tin, h\u1eafc \u00edn, c\u00e1cbon \u00f4x\u00edt m\u00e0 nic\u00f4tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednli r\u1ea5t cao. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nic\u1ecftin c\u00f3 trong 20 \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nic\u00f4tin x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u00fat \u00edt th\u00ec v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong so - 103","s\u00e1nh, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u00f2i h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3ii t\u00ednh nlii\u1ec1u hon ng\u01b0\u00f2i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 l\u1ea7n. S\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim cao h\u01a1n 70% so v\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u00f2i th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng, ung th\u01b0 b\u00e0ng quang. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i. H\u1eafc \u00edn c\u00f3 trong thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 th\u01a1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. Trong h\u1eafc m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 b\u00e0ng quang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 do thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00f3i 30 n\u0103m. Xem x\u00e9t th\u00f2i gian ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ta th\u1ea5y: ng\u01b0\u00f2i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i 25 th\u00ec t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 61 \u0111\u1ebfn 62 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 sau tu\u1ed5i 25 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 67 \u0111\u1ebfn 68 tu\u1ed5i. H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m do thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 g\u00e2y ra v\u00f3i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 t\u00f3i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u00f2i, do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u1ee7 md c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eedi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n tin t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u00f2i ti\u1ebfp thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong v\u1ecf n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ho\u00e1 s\u1ed1 tin t\u1ee9c \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ecdi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m th\u00f2i sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; ph\u1ea7n tin t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecdi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 roi v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tin t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong n\u00e3o. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00ed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c. Khi ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta ng\u1ee7, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed tin t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. - 104-","Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eaft \u0111c\u1ea7u roi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1, bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 hai h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong v\u00e0i \u0111\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u00f2i b\u1ecb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 n\u1ed5i c\u00e1u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh. R\u1ea5t nlri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 \u00ca\u0111ix\u01a1n tuy kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec1c\u00e1ct\u01a1, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i n\u1ecd, \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ba gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 li\u1ec1n. Theo g\u1ecdi \u00fd trong nh\u0169ng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0ong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc. Trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, M\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u00ec l\u1ea1. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Vc\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 70% c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Geneva c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi 60 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Trong s\u1ed1 60 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00f3i 51 ng\u01b0\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kli\u00e1 Iilai\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m m\u01a1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 ng\u1ee7 t\u00f3i nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u1ee7 m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3rdi h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Tdi sao khoa t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o an to\u00e0n? \u25a0 C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u00e1 t\u1eeb. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf kho\u00e1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1eafm th\u1ebb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111i k\u00e8m. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf kho\u00e1. Lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 - 105 -","c\u00f3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i v\u1ea1n t\u00f3i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3; c\u00e1c m\u00e3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ef3 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9m, mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf tr\u00fang m\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3; v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, khi b\u1ea1n r\u00fat th\u1ebb t\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n hay m\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ebb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00e8m che c\u1eeda trong c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ec3u b\u00f3ng? Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng? B\u00ean trong r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n treo r\u00e8m. C\u00e1c r\u00e8m c\u1eeda n\u00e0y do hai l\u00f3p c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00f3p b\u00ean trong v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u \u0111en. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau m\u00e0u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i b\u1ecb kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt sau khi m\u01b0a. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u1ee9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. C\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ih l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ee9\u1ee7i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m'mh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u00f4 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u; nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5; qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o ch\u1eebi m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 v\u00ec khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u da cam, v\u00e0ng, l\u1ee5c, lam, ch\u00e0m, t\u1ee9n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u00ean m\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0oi m\u00f3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. T\u01b0ong t\u1ef1 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - 106","hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0c\u00ecng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00f3i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u00f2ng b\u1ecb tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u00e2'm b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u \u0111en kh\u00f4ng? Bc\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ngh\u0129 ra r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eafng kli\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o, b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sau khi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp 7 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean. C\u00f2n v\u00f3i b\u1ea3ng \u0111en th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng 7 m\u00e0u chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u00e2'p th\u1ee5. H\u1ea7u r\u1ee9i\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nli\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o; tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i: t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng \u0111en. Trong r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi chi\u1ebfu phim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00f3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i do m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 hai m\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00e8m c\u1eeda hai l\u00f3p. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o r\u00e8m c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00f3p r\u00e8m m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf; tr\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c ra, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u00f3p r\u00e8m m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e0y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee9c r\u00e8m m\u00e0u \u0111en - m\u00e0u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf hay nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf nhoi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u00f3p r\u00e8m n\u00e0y h\u00e2'p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft nh\u1eb5n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfu phim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f3i th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i \u0111en v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfu phim c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t hon. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i xe d\u00f9ng trong tr\u00f2 choi \u0111\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng khi \u0111\u1ee5ng? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i xe va ch\u1ea1m \u1edf trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean khi choi xe li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhmag t\u1ea1i sao khi \u0111\u1ee5ng nliau xe l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng? Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee5ng xe l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u00f3ng, khi \u0111\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n xe s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nla\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u00e2n ti\u1ec3u li hay c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u b\u1eadp b\u00eanli r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9? Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n b\u1eadp b\u00eanh c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p; - 107-","\u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u00f2i s\u1ebd ch\u1ed5ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n b\u1eadp b\u00eanh ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean b\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u00f3i, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n b\u1ecb \u00e9p h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. C\u00f3 hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea7u b\u1eadp b\u00eanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng; m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u00f2i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean kia v\u00e1n ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Khi hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u b\u1eadp b\u00eanh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng choi con quay r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9. Khi k\u00e9o d\u00e2y, con quay s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng k\u00e9o, con quay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao con quay l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a con quay, b\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Do \u1edf \u0111\u1ebf con quay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean bi nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1n; tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con quay r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean con quay ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con quay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng k\u00e9o con quay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh hon. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u1ee7a xe c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf con quay. B\u1ea1n th\u1eed ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 xem, khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe va ch\u1ea1m, b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u xe, v\u1eady xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu xe kia \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111u\u00f4i xe b\u1ea1n th\u00ec xe b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao? Th\u1eed xem c\u00e1i xe m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con quay; c\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o xe b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y quay. Khi xe kh\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o xe b\u1ea1n theo chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ea7u xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. Xe s\u1ebd quay tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111u\u00f4i xe, b\u1ea1n th\u1eed ngh\u0129 xem, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u1ee9\u1eeb\u00ec x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5y; kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda l\u00e0m cho ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe v\u00e0 ph\u00eda sau xe ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m xe b\u1ecb l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb quay xe. T\u1ea1i sao xe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nla\u01b0 c\u00e1i quay? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebf quay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean bi s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1n, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa quay v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho quay m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 quay th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u1ee7a xe va ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh cao su, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn; xe v\u1eeba quay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i. - 108 -","T\u1ea1i Sdo qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hdi m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u1eafng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n xem, t\u1ea5t h\u1ecd \u0111i thi \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 hai m\u00e0u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 hai m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng \u0111an xen l\u1eabn nhau. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nliu v\u1eady? S\u00e2n thi \u0111\u00e2u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng SOOOm^. So s\u00e1nh v\u00f3i s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng l\u00f3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m r\u1ee9i\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng chmh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111ang \u1ecf \u0111\u00e2u. Do nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn thi \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9\u00ech th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u00f2i; kli\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1ch s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2't \u0111\u1ecbnh; tr\u00ean s\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9; l\u00e0m th\u00ea n\u00e0o m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ic\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 b\u00f3ng? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0ong ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u b\u1eaft m\u1eaft. S\u00e2n b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh; qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u da cam \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u00e2n nh\u00e2't \u0111\u1ecbnli s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t b\u1eaft m\u1eaft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn thi \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e0u da cam. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 hay kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng m\u00e0u da cam n\u1eefa. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3i h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 hai m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u1eafng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng d\u00f9ng thi \u0111\u1ea5u. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c nc\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 20 h'mh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi 12 h\u00ecnh ng\u0169 gi\u00e1c; qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00eciah ng\u0169 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00f3i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnla l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. M\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 r\u1ee9i\u1eefng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u00f3i nhau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1eaft m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Ic\u00e0 klri b\u00f3ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n c\u1ecf m\u00e0u xanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp b\u1edfi hai m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f3i c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang ta khi xem b\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nla\u01b0 tr\u00ean, khi ng\u1ed3i xem \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng theo chi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn v\u00f3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00f2n xem 109","b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u00f3i h\u01b0\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hon. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o tr\u00ean kh\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0i b\u1ea1n xem b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 Iic\u00e0o; b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2i n\u1eafng hay tr\u00f2i \u00e2m u; thu\u1eadn hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh Sc\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng. \u0110\u01b0ong nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t'mh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft l\u1edbn roi, qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en trc\u1eafng r\u1ea5t kli\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng r\u00f5, l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i v\u00f3i m\u00e0u da cam. Qu\u00e1 b\u00f3ng \u0111c\u00e1 Vc\u1eabn kla\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u loc\u1ecai b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f3i n\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng hoa v\u0103n m\u00e0u \u0111en r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kli\u00f4ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i hai m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, do s\u1ef1 ra \u0111m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1ecf b\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111en tr\u1eafng. T\u1ea1i Sdo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng 400m? \u0110\u01b0cmg d\u00f9ng thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nli b\u1ecfi hai \u0111\u01b0tmg chc\u1ecay thc\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n dc\u00e0i 85.96m \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i 133.04 m. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0m s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y d\u1ea1ng vu\u00f4ng hay h\u00ecnli tr\u00f2n? Th\u1ef1c ra vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edb khoa h\u1ecdc. Qu\u00e1n t\u00fa\u00ecla c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nli\u01b0 c\u0169. Mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 trc\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u00f2i, c\u00f9ng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lOOm nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd nhanh hon ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng 50m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do khi ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u00f3ng, ta ph\u1ea3i hao t\u1ed1n th\u00eam s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng 0 tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng hay h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nla\u1eadt, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1edbi 4 l\u1ea7n 4 g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u00e8yng ch\u1ea1y. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng 90. L\u00fac n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng thc\u1eadt Iihanli \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Vc\u1eabn gi\u1eef 10","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ea1ng h\u00eciih tr\u00f2n th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u00f3ng \u00e2'y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean g\u00f3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay tr\u00f2n (c\u1ee9 x\u00e9t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang gi\u1eef t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u00f3ng t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu b\u00e1n k\u1eebih c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. \u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng cung l\u00e0 36m v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u sao v\u00f3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1 li th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y h'mh tr\u00f2n v\u1eabn t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c hon ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0ong phc\u00e1p chi\u1ebft trung. Hai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c, hai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng cung kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0cVng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 hao ph\u00ed s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, v\u00ec th\u1ebf hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nam b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m lo\u00e1 m\u1eaft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh c\u1ef1 li 400m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e9m lao, n\u00e9m \u0111\u0129a Vc\u00e0 l\u0103ng t\u1ea1. Thi\u1ebft k\u00ea s\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n gi\u00fap kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean kh\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn thi \u0111\u1ea5u. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o khi m\u1eb7c l\u1ebdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea5m h\u00e8 m\u00e1t? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t loc\u1eca\u00cc qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u00e0 khi bc\u1ecan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0ong \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Khi m\u1eb7c loc\u1ecai qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o d\u00e0y c\u1ed9m v\u00e0 Vc\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1eadt m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. Lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed g\u00ec v\u1eady? Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nhc\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 may lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea5m h\u00e8 m\u00e1t tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp Iic\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Vc\u00e0o l\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m \u0111i, l\u00fac nt\u00e0y ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p thu nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi nhi\u1ec7t","\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng hon. L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh nhi\u1ec7t. Khi m\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang s\u00ea t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 co th\u1ec3. Khi m\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu nlai\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho co th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 co th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnli, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea5m, h\u00e8 m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u00ea r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. B\u00ean trong lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nc\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p phim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. L\u00f3p phim n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec xung quanla co th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 25\u00b0c. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i co th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 15\u2018\u2019c hay m\u00f9a h\u00e8 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao qu\u00e1 25\u201dc th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o xuy\u00ean qua lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c ra b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1eeba c\u00e1ch nlii\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 bao quanh co th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u00f2i. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu gi\u00e1 L\u1ea1nh t\u00ea t\u00e1i n\u1eefa, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i n\u1eafng thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t. B\u1ed1n m\u00f9a s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n v\u1eady. \u00c1O ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n d\u1ef1d v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n? Tr\u00ean phim \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nli\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 s\u00fang; \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u1ea3iah s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eaft, tr\u00ean m\u00ecnla m\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o gil\u00ea r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y, tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u00e1o gil\u00ea l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng. Khi b\u1ecb b\u1eafn Cc\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u hay b\u1ecb th\u01b0ong, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00fa c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o gil\u00ea ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n. V\u1eady ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t? Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111c\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111c\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0cx: t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kli\u00e1c nliau. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u01b0a nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed9 chc\u1eafc chc\u1eafn cao, r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tc\u1ecaOh\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9 crmg c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cao hon s\u1eaft t\u00f3i 6 l\u1ea7n; tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/6 s\u1eaft. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111c\u1ea1n g\u1ed3m 10 l\u00f3p v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb loc\u1eca\u00cc s\u1ecdi tr\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 750g. Khi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 co b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n, kli\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec t\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0ong ng\u01b0cri m\u1eb7c \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3. - 112-","\u00c1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u0169, k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n. M\u0169 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 1.45 kg nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i cao hon r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u00f3i m\u0169 s\u1eaft ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u1ea3r\u1ee9i s\u00e1t khi thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u00f3i t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng hay xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 Ic\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng nla\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi th\u00edch kh\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng s\u00fang \u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o k\u00fa\u00ech ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb bay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t miiah v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean g\u00e1nli v\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnli. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i ngay khi g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc? C\u00f3 l\u00fac, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea1n th\u1eed \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n, sau khi mua v\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eb7t, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf \u0111i khi m\u1eb7c l\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1eeba n\u1eeda. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 co n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf \u0111i l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u co c\u00f3 v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t th\u1eb3ng, s\u1ecdi b\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t l\u1ec7ch, s\u1ecdi cotton th\u00f4, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb nil\u00f4ng tinh ch\u1ebf; v\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec5u k\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u1ecdi thi\u00ean nlii\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nla\u01b0 s\u1ecdi b\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft, s\u1ee3i gai tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb co n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Sau khi b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n trong th\u00f2i gian d\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh co r\u00fat t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7t v\u00f2 qua n\u01b0\u00f3c. Do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 3.5To, ngang 3.5\u2018X), c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec5u k\u00e9p bc\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5a thc\u1eadt Ic\u00e0d\u1ecdc 10% ngang 3%. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nlai\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eaft may c\u0169ng \u0111em ng\u00e2m v\u1ea3i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea3i co l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1eaft may th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0cx: s\u1ef1 ngay ng\u1eafn, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phom \u00e1o v\u00e0 13","k\u00edch c\u1edf c\u0169ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, sau khi c\u1eaft v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c co l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n v\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng may n\u00ean b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u00f3c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec7t may sau khi ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u00f3c, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169. \u0110\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednla c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i d\u00f9ng d\u1ec7t Vc\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft may gia c\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. T\u00ednh th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0crc c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng cao; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng, l\u00f4ng th\u00fa, l\u1ee5a, gai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 len, s\u1ee3i ax\u00eat\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0ck: nh\u1ecf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi ch\u1ecdn mua qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9 co n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c, b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea1n mua tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n; kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnli d\u1ea1ng, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea9ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o n\u00e0o khi m\u1eb7c b\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng nla\u00e0 Sc\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea7n c\u00e1o b\u00f3 (qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00ean trong) c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nla\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu, cotton hay l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ec3 may; r\u1ea5t \u00edt lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00ean trong (qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00f3) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u00f3 s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00fang Cc\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 kho\u1ebb kho\u1eafn l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2\u00e1 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed quanh m\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a da kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 30%. Sau khi c\u00e1c s\u1ecdi v\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p thu n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t nhc\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi, s\u1ecdi l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu l\u00e0 sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t sau khi h\u00fat \u1ea9m. Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o len l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do \u00e1o ph\u00e1t ra l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u00f3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft (s\u1ee3i cotton) ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 sau l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu sau khi h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. 14 -","Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u00f3c c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nli th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ef3 theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc co th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra l\u00e0 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng l\u00f3ia. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o trong l\u00e0m t\u00f9 s\u1ecdi b\u00f4ng hay l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecdi cho s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n c\u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i m\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng cho b\u1ea1n mc\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u00f2i khi ph\u00e1t ban da b\u1ecb m\u1ea9n ng\u1ee9a sau klii mc\u1ecac qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ee5a, s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee9a ng\u00e1y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e2m dc\u1eb1n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec Vc\u1eady c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ee5a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 4 m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m. L\u1ee5a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 do con t\u1eb1m nh\u1ea3 ra. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pr\u00f4t\u00eain thi\u00ean Iilii\u00ean. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hon 20 lo\u1ea1i axit amin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u00f2i. Khi m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ee5a, Cc\u00e1c axit amin n\u00e0y th\u00e2m nl\u00ec\u1eadp qua da v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ee5a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m da. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p thu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nla. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o Ic\u00e0m t\u1eeb t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc do c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1i ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed co^ sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf t\u00ea b\u00e0o; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean da; gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh n\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u00ed sinh tr\u00ean da; c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh ngOc\u00e0i da. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p thu m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i mang \u0111i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00e1t m\u1ebb d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 l\u00fac khi ta c\u1edfi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ea1i xu\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n? V\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, khi b\u1ea1n c\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o len l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp ra b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u00e2y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \\\"t\u00e1ch tc\u00e1ch\\\" nh\u1ecf; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o len Vt\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i hay \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i, bc\u1ecan c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Nguy\u00ean nhc\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2'y? 15-","S\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u00fat \u1ea9m. Khi m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ma s\u00e1t tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ma s\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ecdi trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c do nhc\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c electron n\u00ean mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m. Do c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecr\u1ee7i tht\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nli \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00f3i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eedi\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n; bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 Ic\u00e0 sinh ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c ra, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ta d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3i t\u00f3c kh\u00f4, t\u00f3c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n; v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ma s\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 sinli ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0t\u1ecang t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ecdiag ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi \u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb len t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 t\u00f3c ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhc\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o hay ch\u1ea3i t\u00f3c Vc\u00e0o ti\u1ebft tr\u00f2i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp nh\u01b0 len t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp terylen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi Vc\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u00f4n. Di\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kli\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u00e2't \u00edt. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng mc\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 micro cul\u00f4ng electron, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m thc\u00edy g\u00ec. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kla\u00f4ng g\u00e0y t\u1ed5n hc\u1ecai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 \u0111au d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp do \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u00f2i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch m\u1eb7c quc\u1ea7n c\u00e1o t\u1eeb Vc\u00e1i b\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng Xc\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao quc\u1ea7n \u00e1o Ic\u00e0m t\u1eeb Vc\u00e0i b\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean chc\u1ea5t lc\u1ecai kh\u00f4ng Iiciy sinh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u1eeb Vc\u1ea3i b\u00f2ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u00e2m kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t; t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm v\u00ec th\u00ea ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0cmg t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Iilai\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0cmg ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. - 116-","T\u1ea1i sao khi \u0111\u1eb7t b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c, m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt? M\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f9a, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111em c\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n gi\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd g\u1ea5p g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e8m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i sao L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Th\u00ec ra trong h\u00f2m v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt, ch\u00fang chuy\u00ean \u0103n l\u00ech\u1eefng s\u1ecdi xenlul\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u00ea ch\u00fang c\u1eafn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. B\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to\u1ea3 ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefiig m\u00f9i n\u00e0y do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. B\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y long n\u00e3o. B\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn tinh klii\u1ebft c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng, h\u01b0ong tl\u00ecom, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn trong su\u1ed1t kli\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 bay hoi, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i m\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kl\u00eci ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa\u00ech l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian sau, vi\u00ean b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103ng hoa h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Th\u0103ng hoa l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn bay hoi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 i\u1ed1t trong c\u1ed3n i\u1ed1t, v\u00f4n\u00edram l\u00e0m d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00e1cbon \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn khan n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Do m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt ch\u1ec9 \u0103n s\u1ee3i xenlul\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec7t may t\u1eeb l\u1ee5a, l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu, b\u00f4ng m\u00f3i b\u1ecb m\u1ecdt \u0103n do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecdi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch d\u00f9ng h\u00f2m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 long n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111img qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ih l\u00e0 l\u1ecdi d\u1ee5ng m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 long n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 sinh\\\". Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u00f3i b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb - 117 -","n\u00e1ptanin. D\u00f9ng than \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t Vc\u00e0 cacbon c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 h\u1eafc \u00edn. T\u1eeb h\u1eafc \u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ra nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 sinh - naptalin. Naptalin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, d\u1ec5 bay hoi, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng naptalin trong qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft. Sau khi th\u0103ng hoa, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y bao ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3. C\u00f2n b\u0103ng phi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 cao sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i naptalin kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u00f3i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng v\u1ec7 sinh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0u n\u00e0o d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u1ef9 t\u1ee9i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u00f3i giao th\u00f4ng l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em t\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh \u0111\u00e3 uy hi\u1ebfp nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u00f3i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia giao th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u00f2i, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee9u sinh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 b\u00e8 c\u1ee9u sinh v\u00e0 phao c\u1ee9u sinh, tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 \u00e1o c\u1ee9u sinh, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f3i c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, tay c\u1ea7m bi\u1ec3n xin \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u00f3i nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng hay m\u00e0u da cam. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee9u sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0u da cam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phao c\u1ee9u sinh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u00f2i d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1 m\u1eadp tuy ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00f2i ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1t m\u00f9i m\u00e1u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1ee3 m\u00e0u da cam. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 m\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc phao c\u1ee9u sinh m\u00e0u da cam. C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. -118","h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sinh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng tai n\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n sinh m\u1ec7nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng \u00e1o c\u1ee9u sinh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u da cam. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 ra, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea3m quang c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nli\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t v\u00f3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u da cam. Hon n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u da cam c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, c\u00e1c \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, v\u00f3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf xe \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n natri ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7. Khi l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f3p h\u1ecdc sinli ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean \u00e1o c\u1ee9u sir\u1ee9i hay phao c\u1ee9u sinh ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta c\u0169ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1m m\u00e0u da cam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9, leo n\u00fai, th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m hay trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng trang b\u1ecb xe m\u00e1y v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u00e0u da cam \u0111\u1ec1u Ic\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu ng\u1ed9 nh\u1ee1 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. Ch\u1eebih v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: M\u00e0u da cam l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i Sdo \u1ee7ng Cdo su khi phdi n\u1eafng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng? \u00dang cao su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb cao su. Ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta cho th\u00eam axit v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0o troiag nh\u1ef1a cao su \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 dmh k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n cho cao su. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay d\u00f9ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr'mh t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho th\u00eam cacbon \u0111\u1ec3 cao su c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en) m\u1ec1m ho\u00e1, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdp, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cao su m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. - 119-","Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i trong \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i c\u00f3 t\u1eebrh s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o cao su kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao su l\u00e0m cho cao su tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cao su l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cao su s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ph\u01a1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cao su d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u00f2i. Tay b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n sau khi lau r\u1eeda \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay x\u00edch xe \u0111\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u mazut \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda cho s\u1ea1ch; nh\u01b0ng \u1ee7ng cao su b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u r\u1eeda. Cao su kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 tan trong d\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3, x\u0103ng, cloro\u00edom v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kla\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi \u1ee7ng cao su b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u1ecd s\u1ea1ch sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em phoi kh\u00f4 trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n lau kh\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cho \u1ee7ng cao su. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u00ec khi \u0111i b\u00edt t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u00f9d \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m? S\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i ngay r\u1eb1ng \u0111i t\u1ea5t th\u1eadt d\u00e0y hay \u0111i gi\u00e0y v\u1ea3i th\u1eadt d\u00e0y. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u00ec khi \u0111i t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i gi\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 xem r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \\\"gi\u1eef \u1ea5m\\\" l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 37\u00b0c. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3n ra ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 r\u1eed\u00eci\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 may m\u1eb7c d\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u1eb9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u00f3i. T\u1ee9ih gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng, 3 l\u1ea7n s\u1ee3i len, g\u1ea5p hon 10 l\u1ea7n s\u1ecdi nil\u00f4ng. B\u00edt t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y hay gi\u1ea7y v\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111i ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f3p 120-","kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea7y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t; t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i l\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00edt t\u1ea5t. L\u00f3p gi\u1eef \u1ea5m c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i; nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t nhanh. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef cho ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef cho b\u00edt t\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch. B\u00edt t\u1ea5t d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m hay m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Hon n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ecbt k\u00edn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ecdi xenlul\u00f4 l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecdi cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef \u1ea5m. C\u0169ng v\u00f3i l\u00ed do nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, \u1edf b\u00edt t\u1ea5t \u1ea9m l\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Khi ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea7y v\u1ea3i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u00f3i k\u00edch c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd xem \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf cao qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Gi\u00e0y qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ra ngo\u00e0i do kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0y v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1r\u1eedi gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea1i S\u00e2o \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01a1n v\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2n v\u1eady. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u00e1nh xe b\u1ecb h\u1ebft hoi r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5 bi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do \u0111\u00e2u? T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ivh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebft d\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u00e2y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u00f3i gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Khi ch\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea1p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1ed3n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t khoc\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n. Khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c do ch\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft hay b\u00f9n, ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f3p b\u00f9n hay tuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n cao hon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u00f3i b'mh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c. - 121 -","C\u0169ng c\u00f9ng l\u00ed do nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, khi xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea7y, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnlr c\u0169ng s\u00ea nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb b\u00e1nh xe g\u00e2y ra v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u00f3n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (trong gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f9n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng khi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng). B\u00e1nh xe b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp trong b\u00f9n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xe mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a hai b\u00e1nh xe ra kh\u1ecfi \\\"v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y\\\" do ch\u1eeb\u1ee7i n\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean. B\u00e1nh xe b\u1ecb l\u00fan c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u th\u00ec l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n t\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn hon m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a xe ra kh\u1ecfi v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc do b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00eda sau. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn do l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe sau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t (theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn l\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1eb3ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, so v\u00f3i \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, \u0111i xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c hon nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e8n sau xe \u0111\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng? Tr\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1eafn b\u00f9n ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a xe \u0111\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8n sau m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng hay m\u00e0u da cam. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng, b\u00f3ng sau n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n nh\u01b0ng xem ra n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i \u0111en sau xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 hon. Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20, 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Anla. Xe \u0111\u1ea1p r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ng\u00f5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u00edt phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 cho xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. S\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u hon. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9\u00ech ph\u1ee7 Anh \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n quang \u1edf ph\u00eda sau xe. Trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n quang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe r\u1ea5t \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n quang m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n \u00f4 t\u00f4 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfu t\u00f3i. Qua s\u1ef1 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean - 122","l\u00ed ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u00e2't \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n quang l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 g\u00f3c. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m thu\u1ef7 tinh ph\u1eb3ng; b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p n\u00f3n. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p n\u00f3n g\u1ed3m 3 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p v\u00e1t g\u00f3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean; t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n quang. Do 3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n quang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u00f3i nhau n\u00ean khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu qua l\u00f3p thu\u1ef7 tinh \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfu t\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t tc\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u1edf ph\u00eda sau xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9. Hon n\u1eefa, l\u00f3p thu\u1ef7 tinh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf hay mc\u00e0u da cam. Do \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng da cam hay m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean d\u1ec5 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra thu\u1ef7 tinh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trang s\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho xe. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc; ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Khi ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tuy nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t l\u00f3n. T\u1ea1i sao khi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p hai b\u00e1nh xe v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5? Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u00f2ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ba ch\u00e2n m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 ba ch\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u thang tay v\u1ecbn c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u00f2ng m\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5. Khi xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, hai b\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9ih l\u00e0 hai ch\u00e2n gi\u00fap xe \u0111\u1ee9ng. Mu\u1ed1n xe \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn v\u00e0o khung xe. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 xem t\u1ea1i sao xe \u0111\u1ea1p khi \u0111i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, d\u00f9ng hai tay k\u1eb9p c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quay m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t - 123","b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quay tr\u00f2n cho t\u1edbi khi s\u1eafp ng\u01b0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00f3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng. L\u1ea1i c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111inh m\u0169, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tr\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i xoay cho \u0111inh quay tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n \u0111mh s\u1ebd v\u1eabn t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00f2n quay quanh m\u0169 \u0111inh tr\u00ean b\u00e0n; t\u00f3i khi \u0111inh ng\u1eebng quay th\u00ec \u0111inh m\u00f3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u1ee7a \u0111inh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Xe \u0111\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec hai b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t nhanh, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef cho h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho xe \u0111\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 khi \u0111i. Khi \u0111i tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 l\u00fac xe r\u1ebd nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh tay l\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eed\u00ech v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, hon th\u00ea c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe c\u0169ng kla\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed do ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho xe lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Khi xe d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, b\u00e1r\u1ee7\u00ec xe kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, do d\u00f3 xe r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe m\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho xe kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean xi\u1ebfc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd n\u1eafm v\u1eefng th\u00e0nli th\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u1ea1i S\u00e2o c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i xo \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sang s\u1ed1? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, khi \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p, s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p xe c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng nhanh. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea1p r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhanh. Xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ecba h'mh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sang s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem xe \u0111\u1ea1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ee5m \u0111\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u00edp sau b\u1eb1ng x\u00edch. Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f3i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00edch, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a x\u00edch s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra - 124-","chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00edp g\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c b\u00e1nh sau. Do \u0111\u00f3 xe \u0111\u1ea1p s\u00ea chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh hon b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xe s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 hay l\u00fac leo d\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n \u0111i nhanh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng k\u0129 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 bc\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t t\u00f3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1p nhanh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kli\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n cho xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra r\u1eb1ng, v\u00f3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00edp gc\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c sau c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f2i gian c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00edp sau c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ee9ih c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a xe c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec th\u00ea ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00edp xe s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u00ean kli\u00f4ng \u00edt lo\u1ea1i xe \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hay xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111ua, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00edp k\u00e9p v\u1edbi 3 t\u1ea7ng, loc\u1eca\u00cc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kmh kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111i xe, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1p xe v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c xe l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ih l\u00e0 l\u00ed do gi\u00fap xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \\\"sang s\u1ed1\\\". Xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00f3 l\u1eafp l\u00edp s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u00f2d \u0111i xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h(\u00ecp nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi leo d\u1ed1c hay klai \u0111i ng\u01b0cx: gi\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a x\u00edch kh\u00f3p v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng l\u00edp c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u00edt s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c. Khi xe \u0111i ch\u1eadm, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a x\u00edch kh\u00f3p v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng l\u00edp c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe r\u1ed3i. T\u1ea1i Sdo ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y th\u00e1p c\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u? Noi c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc ngang s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u00f3i hai b\u00ean b\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u00f2ng th\u1ea5y l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u00f4 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn. V\u1eady r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u Cc\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nc\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c Vc\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y Cc\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. - 125 -","L\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u th\u00f2i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Do nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t hay th\u00e0nh lu\u1ef9 nh\u1ecf v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft rc\u1eb1ng, s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, d\u1ec5 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u do v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4 th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 Vc\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1; ai chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y dimg nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1p l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1eeda m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n hon; ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c duy tu b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 bc\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n ph\u00e1i nh\u1eafc t\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa \u0111c\u00ed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p l\u00f4 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khc\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang ta Cc\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h'mh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau? Ch\u00fang ta chi c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u00f4 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u kl\u00ec\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tc\u1ecaO n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y Cc\u1ea7u b\u1eafc tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0t\u00ecc \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u. Chi\u1ec1u dc\u00e0i nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u Ic\u00e0 \\\"kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u. R\u00f5 rc\u00e0ng, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng l\u00f3n th\u00ec c\u1ea7u c\u00e0ng phc\u00e3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c k\u00edn hcm; \\\"c\u01b0\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng cao. S\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Cc\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0cmg Vc\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p CciLi. Do s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3i h\u1ea1n lali\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecb\u01b0h n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f3i kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng d\u01b0cVi ch\u00e2n c\u1ea7u l\u00f3n hcm kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng hon chi\u1ec1u dc\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u1ed3m v\u00e0i nh\u1ecbp. - 126-","\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i, s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u do l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu, s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd do tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu; do \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00f3p \u0111\u00e2't \u0111\u00e1, v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u. S\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 rc\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nia\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng b\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng; nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u \u00edt th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111i; n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u nlii\u1ec1u th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1iag m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0ong c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0tmg tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ecdng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p l\u00ed nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u00f3i v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e2'n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u. D\u00f3 Ic\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nhanli hay ch\u1eadm, \u1edf nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng chc\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nli\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00f3i v\u1ebb m\u1ef9 quan b\u1ec1 ngOc\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt l\u00e0 do hbih d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00f3i hoc\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh xung quanh. T\u1ea1i Sdo c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u Cdo, c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Cc\u00e2y Cc\u1ea7u cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u th\u00e2'p. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao mc\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7ng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng hai b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng th\u00ec tuy xe c\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng gic\u00e1n \u0111oc\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 cao th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nla\u1eefng v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd cao, c\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 thi c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n Cc\u1ea7u l\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. V\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gic\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u Vc\u00e0 d\u01b0tVi c\u1ea7u? Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00ed do tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0ong \u00e1n thi\u1ebft - 127-","k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u cao, m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u cao hon m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t cao v\u00fat l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n cho xe c\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \\\"qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9\\\" gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u cao d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00ean l\u00e0m cho xe c\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111o\u1ea1n \\\"qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9\\\", vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h'mh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i cao d\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1edbi khi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 cao so v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o \\\"c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap xe c\u1ed9 \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00ean cao d\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi khi l\u00ean t\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh b\u1eafc qua s\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u00fac, khi \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn so v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u00e0i hon c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh. M\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng kl\u00ec\u00f4ng cao hon so v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bao, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u v\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi c\u00f3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111i qua, m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean cao hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch ra; xe c\u1ed9 hai b\u00ean b\u1edd t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111i qua nh\u1ecbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i sao khi \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n theo m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y s\u00e1t qua b\u00ean m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p b\u1ee5i m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt; khi \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t xa r\u1ed3i, b\u1ee5i m\u00f3i d\u1ea7n l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u00e2y ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p b\u1ee5i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng? C\u01a1 th\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnla, \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed3n tc\u1eca\u00cc trong b\u1ea7u kli\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bao - 128-","quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u00e2't. Noi n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef hay \u0111i qua th\u00ec noi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kli\u00ed s\u1ebd b\u1ecb co th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e3n ra. So v\u00f3i \u00f4 t\u00f4, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u00f2i t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1eedi\u1ecf; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u00f2i chc\u1ecay qua b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u00ec. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00f3n g\u1ea5p v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch co th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y qua, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gic\u00e3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Xe ch\u1ea1y v\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f3n, t\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi xe v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y qua. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00f3i l\u00e2'p v\u00e0o; v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean xe \u00f9a t\u00f3i l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y. D\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cu\u1ed1n b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t theo s\u00e1t sau xe. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ed1c b\u1ee5i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u00eda sau xe. Vc\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0ong nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00eda sau xe, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd theo kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o trong khoang xe, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f3i s\u1ef1 trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong xe, L\u00e0m h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i h\u00edt v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i; qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u0169ng d\u00ednh th\u00eam r\u00e2't nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00eda sau xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1edf ra. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. Klii nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf boi trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0ong m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc kli\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u00eam g\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0rig n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa c\u00e1 voi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 boi qua s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p s\u00f3ng cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ecf hon nhi\u1ec1u so v\u00f3i c\u00e1 voi v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1ea3nla h\u01b0cVng n\u00e0o. C\u00ed\u00e1 voi th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Co th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn. Klii c\u00e1 boi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f3n \u00f9a t\u00f3i l\u1ea5p Vc\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 Cc\u00e1 voi di qua. V\u00ec th\u00ea t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t l\u00f3n. T\u1ea1i sao khi ng\u1ed3i xe \u1ed7 t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eaft d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n? Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bc\u1ecan c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd kli\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 tay l\u00e1i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe taxi th\u01b0\u00f2ng c\u00f3 treo m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ghi \\\"xin th\u1eaft d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n\\\". Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t nlii\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i xe hoi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb d\u00e2y an tOc\u00e0n. Hon n\u1eefa, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a irla\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe hoi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf thc\u00e0nla m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0ong di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nli gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe. B\u1ea1n - 129-","c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u1eaft d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u00f3n nJi\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. T\u00farh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe c\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nc\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. Kl\u00eci xe \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u1ebfu xe phanh g\u1ea5p hay \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ea5p, ng\u01b0\u00f2i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay l\u1eafc sang ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u00ednla. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i sau xe kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lao g\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n tr\u00e1nh cho h\u1ecd kli\u00f4ng b\u1ecb va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb h\u1ea5t ra ngOc\u00e0i xe; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. Theo th\u00f4ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan, trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00e2m xe, n\u1ebfu \u0111eo d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n th\u00ec t\u00f3i 60% h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe con do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe nh\u1eb9 n\u00ean khi \u0111\u00e2m nhau v\u00f3i xe l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0ong vong c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch \u1edf tr\u00ean xe con s\u1ebd cao g\u1ea5p 8 l\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u1edf tr\u00ean xe l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean xe con Ic\u00e0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch \u0111eo dc\u00e2y an tOc\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111eo t\u1eeb vai qua eo. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lao v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0cK. D\u00e2y an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u chmh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnli, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ecf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u00e9p ch\u1eb7t. Xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u00f9ng nito\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec? M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng et-x\u0103ng hay \u0111i\u00eazen. Nhimg vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nc\u00e0y th\u01b0cmg g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ecfi v\u00ec bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u1ecf t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft x\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111i\u00eazen, do \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kln' th\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbiah, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kli\u00ed th\u1ea3i nc\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1ecfng t\u00f3i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mcMcho \u00f4 t\u00f4. - 130-","Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1997, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i xe hoi m\u00f3i ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i xe hoi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng bay h\u01a1i l\u00e0m cho bu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u1edf ra g\u00e2y n\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 \\\"xe hoi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t\\\" \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe l\u00e0 do nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng g\u00e2y n\u00ean. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y do m\u00e1y trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t cung c\u1ea5p. Sau khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0cmg \u0111\u1ed1i cao t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed bay hoi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0ong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng; lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t do xe thc\u1ea3i ra l\u00e0 kh\u00ed nit\u01a1. Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 80% l\u00e0 kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i t\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u00f3i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Do n\u0103ng l\u01b0cmg c\u1ee7a xe l\u00e0 nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng; sau khi tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh x\u0103ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bay hoi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 nguy hi\u1ec3m. T\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 hdn? Khi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng xe v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng xe m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nln\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1eeb l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed dri c\u1ecf l\u1ebd bt\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ecf ngay. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng khi h\u1ecdc gi\u1edd th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddiag cho Cc\u1ea3 kVp kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u01a1 b\u1eafp b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t; kh\u00f3p c\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh hoc\u1ecat l\u1eafm. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng phc\u1ea3i kl\u00ec\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n ng\u01b0cri v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 chi sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o Cc\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay thi - 131 -","\u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f3i nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eady, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xe ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: n\u00f3ng n\u1edf ra l\u1ea1nh co l\u1ea1i; d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p; d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i; t\u00ednh b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9m; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho khi m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhmig do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, t\u00ednh bay hoi c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed x\u0103ng trong b\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf hoc\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m chc\u1eadm; do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ecdp kh\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y; \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong b\u00ecnh \u1eafc quy cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u00f4 t\u00f4, dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00ednh nh\u1edbt h\u01a1n do th\u00f2i ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1; do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0m cho tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng xe g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u00f4 t\u00f4 b\u1ecb \\\"t\u1eafc t\u1ecbt\\\" khi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 x\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. T\u1ea1i Sdo k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 sau m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh? Ng\u00e0y nay, ngc\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nhanli. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay l\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00ean trong, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hay v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t trong th\u00f2i gian ng\u1eafn. Nhmag b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y kla\u00f4ng, cho d\u00f9 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nla\u01b0 th\u1ebf Iic\u00e0o th\u00ec k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 sau m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u? - 132-","K\u00ednh \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111on gi\u1ea3n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a xe. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Vc\u1eady \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh, tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Sau n\u1eefa l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4. K\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecf l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u xe thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. K\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0m cho lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kla\u00ed lao t\u00f3i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a xe tr\u00f4i v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp k\u00ednli tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111i xe. B\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt, b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m kmh l\u1eafp th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi trong xe t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 c\u1ea3nli v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ic\u00e0 do c\u1ea3i\u00ech v\u1eadt tr\u00ean xe g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean k\u00ednh; nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i k\u1eeb\u1ee7i xe t\u1ea1o cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i xe. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u1eeda k\u00faili xe s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nli\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu c\u1eeda k\u00ednli ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u1eb3ng, b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong xe s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00f3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e8 l\u1eabn l\u00ean \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd g\u00e0y r\u1ed1i loc\u1ecan th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1i xe l\u00e0m l\u00e1i xe nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111i b\u1ed9 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sinh tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp k\u00ednh xe hoi nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1i xe r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe th\u00f4ng qua quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua k\u00ednh xe t\u1edbi m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe, c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt sau xe ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean k\u00ednh. N\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u01b0tx: xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp nghi\u00eang th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd xuy\u00ean qua k\u00ednh, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng k\u00ednh l\u1eafp nghi\u00eang s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean xe xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u00f3i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a l\u00e1i xe do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1i xe; do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n cho xe v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i. - 133 -","T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4t\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1ecdc? Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n pin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng thu\u1ef7 tinh ph\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u00f3i \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u01b0a? Ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1ecdc ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n pin trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bao gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a? V\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eeba h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u0103ng. C\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u1ee9i\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nlr\u01b0 v\u1eady nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Th\u00ec ra, ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ranh gi\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u00f3c nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi xe ch\u1ea1y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u00e1ng r\u00f5, c\u00f2n noi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i l\u00e1i xe d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hoa m\u1eaft. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00fac xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 rung, l\u1eafc; do v\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u00f2i l\u00e1i xe \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo; r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1ecfi m\u1eaft. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e8n pin. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh m\u1edd v\u1eady. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng hoa m\u1eaft, gi\u00fap l\u00e1i xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 xung quanh nh\u01b0: nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e1nh r\u1ebd sang tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c sang ph\u1ea3i, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, m\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng... V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ef7 tmh m\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m hao ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tc\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t xe m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 l\u00ean v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u xe. Sau c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kmh t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7t h\u1eb1n ch\u1ea1y ngang d\u1ecdc. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh m\u1edd v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edd. - 134-","Lo\u1ea1i k\u1eebih t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng theo h\u01b0\u00f3ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 chmh l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a thc\u1ea5u k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, sau khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee5p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u1ea1i k\u1ee9ih t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hoi l\u1ec7ch l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 c\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00f4 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea1i Sdo c\u1eb1n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c d\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4? N\u0103m 1885, ng\u01b0\u00f2i D\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong b\u1ed1n k\u00ec. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f3i nay, \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 t\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho xe ch\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho xe ch\u1ea1y nhanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i v\u00f3i hy v\u1ecdng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y xe. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft t\u00f3i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao t\u00f3i m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh (hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec th\u00ea ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a xe \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng cao l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, xe s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Khi \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y v\u00f3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. L\u1ef1c n\u00e0y do d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u sinh ra. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe c\u00e0ng nhanh, l\u1ef1c n\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh. L\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4. Khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, s\u1ebd sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadt xe. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. - 135 -","H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe \u00f4 t\u00f4; nhung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng xe phanh g\u1ea5p hay r\u1ebd ngang v\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1eabn b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt giao th\u00f4ng, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Italia, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129\u201e t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p l\u00f3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 130 km\/h; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Bungari, Nam T\u01b0, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 120 km\/h. \u1edb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Anh, Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 llOkm\/h; \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Hungari, Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 100 km\/h; \u1edf Rumani, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 k\u0129, Nauy l\u00e0 90 km\/h. M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sinh tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u nli\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i, v\u00ec th\u00ea t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 80 km\/h. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u00e1i xe mcVi (l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi hai n\u0103m) th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 90km\/h. C\u00f2n \u1edf Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a xe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 50 km\/h. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y l\u00e0 60km\/h. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnli n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i xe c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0cVng t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 \\\"\u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng\\\". Y ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u01b0u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u1ee9\u1eefi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbr\u1ee9i d\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. L\u1ecdi \u00edch c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ecdi cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf doanh l\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng ray (nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng d\u00f9ng cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i m\u00f3i hay xe bu\u00fdt t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean cao. \u0110\u1ed3ng - 136-","th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u00f3i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t; l\u00e0m cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ecfng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng kla\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean ra, \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0ong di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng d\u00e0nl-i ri\u00eang cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng m\u00f3i, quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eebrh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdp l\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn xe, d\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nla\u1eefng ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng... Khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e0i\u00ech ph\u1ed1, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lo l\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p \u00e1ch t\u1eafc giao th\u00f4ng. M\u00e0u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 nhu c\u1ea7u giao th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u giao th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfm \u00edt kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u00f2i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00faih l\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"c\u00f4ng giao\\\", \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 kliu v\u1ef1c kli\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 Xingapo, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0ng ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t th\u00ec giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf New York l\u00e0 86%, Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n l\u00e0 80%; T\u00f4ky\u00f4 l\u00e0 70,6%, Pari l\u00e0 56%. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong giao th\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0r\u1ee9\u00ec \u0111\u00fang theo quy ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00f3i khi xe con ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 1500000 chi\u1ebfc th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u00f3i giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u00e3o ho\u00e0. M\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 xe con n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 - 20% nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nli kh\u00e1ch. Hon n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbri giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i n\u1eefa th\u00ec giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0r\u1eefi. 137-","T\u1ea1i sao \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m; \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1n x\u1ea1, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1i xe b\u1ecb hoa m\u1eaft. C\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1i xe kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i nhanh v\u00ec th\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t cao. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f3i quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00e1i xe r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra ho\u1ea1 l\u1edbn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng, tr\u1ea1m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u00f5ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa xe v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ra, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111en. Ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3u m\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f3p m\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n quang l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi thu\u1ef7 tinh. H\u1ecd \u0111em ph\u1ee7 l\u00f3p m\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n quang n\u00e0y l\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lu\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 giao th\u00f4ng. L\u00fac b'mh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng; ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 chi\u1ebfu t\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i r\u1eedi\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u00f2i l\u00e1i xe. T\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00f3i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t cao, l\u1edbn hon 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u00f3i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i son th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u1ef1 li ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u00ean t\u00f3i 1000 m\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e1i xe \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa 1000 m\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n quang tr\u00ean; \u1edf c\u00e1ch xa 400m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd v\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y; c\u00e1ch xa 200 m\u00e9t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n cho xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam khi \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng vi thu\u1ef7 tinh ph\u1ea3n quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t vi thu\u1ef7 tinh quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u00f4 kli\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ea5t cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc ph\u1ee7 - 138","l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f3p m\u00e0ng quang h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t vi thu\u1ef7 tinh n\u00e0y r\u00e2't nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ecdi t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n l\u00f3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t ra; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o l\u00f3p m\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n quang \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t vi thu\u1ef7 tinh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f3p m\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0ong \u0111\u01b0ong v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu song song v\u00f3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n quang t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n quang ki\u1ec3u m\u00f3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng, c\u1eb7p s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, l\u1ed1p xe \u0111\u1ea1p... Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g'm an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i SdO c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t gido th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m trd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01b0ng ti\u1ec7n tham gia giao th\u00f4ng? Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng xe b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t do ch\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng; c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00ec ra, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t m\u00e1y \u0111o k\u00ec di\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00fang ra\u0111a \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3r\u1ee9\u00ec s\u00e1t gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng xe c\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1eddm n\u01b0\u1ecdp n\u00e0y. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f2ng s\u00fang, tay c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f2 b\u1ea5m; b\u1ec1 ngOc\u00e0i tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang. Khi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u01b0ong n\u00f2ng s\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Vc\u00e0 b\u00f3p c\u00f2. S\u00fang n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o xe, s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe tr\u00ean m\u00e1y s\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1eeba ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo s\u00fang n\u00e0y d\u1ecdc eo; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ic\u1eafp ch\u00fang tr\u00ean xe tu\u1ea7n tra giao th\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111em l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c. 139","T\u1ea1i sao d\u00f9ng s\u00fang ra\u0111a \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c d\u1ed9 xe? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y, khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 k\u00e9o c\u00f2i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng cao; n\u1ebfu t\u00e0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ra xa b\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n, hon n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u c\u00e0ng nhanh th\u00ec \u00e2m thanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c. S\u00fang ra\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u00e0y. Khi chi\u1ebfc xe \u1edf ph\u00eda xa \u0111\u1ee9ng im, kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a ph\u00e1t \u0111i s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a phc\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu xe \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u01b0ong \u0111\u01b0ong v\u00f3i \\\"\u00e2m thanla\\\" do xe ph\u00e1t ra; xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng nhanh th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a phc\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng ra\u0111a thu v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong s\u00fang ra\u0111a \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y; sau \u0111\u00f3 qua m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n k\u00ed t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ea7n \u0111o. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang ra\u0111a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u00fang ra\u0111a \u00e2m thanl\u00ec. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 199 km\/h. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00e2m l\u00ed c\u1ea7u may c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ch\u1eebih x\u00e1c l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng hoan ngh\u00eanh. T\u1ea1i sao x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t hOn x\u0103ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ec? \u1ed2 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00e1c ng\u00f5 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i trong \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea7u kli\u00ed - 140","quy\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u0103ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr'mh \u0111\u1ed1t x\u0103ng, xe h\u01a1i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. X\u0103ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u loc\u1ecai kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ec; g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f3i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb con ng\u01b0\u00f2i. X\u0103ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ec nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao trong x\u0103ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ec. Trong x\u0103ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ec l\u00e0 do trong x\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y. Dung m\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ea c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 xe, gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1; c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u00e2't t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i xe hoi. Dung m\u00f4i ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec c\u00f3 trong xe n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00f9ng v\u00f3i x\u0103ng sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00e2m nli\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay hoi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f9ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe. Ch\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y h\u00edt v\u00e0o 30mg ch\u00ec, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00f3i 40% b\u1ecb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5; ch\u00fang t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 do \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u00f3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra do nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdp ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u1ea3i ra ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch mc\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 0.5 m\u00e9t do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m cho tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 tc\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00f9ng x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i x\u0103ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.013 g ch\u00ec\/1 l\u00edt x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec. M\u1ed7i l\u00edt x\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 0.013 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.1 g ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u00edt ch\u00ec; m\u1ed7i l\u00edt x\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1.1 g ch\u00ec tr\u1edf l\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u0103ng n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ec. T\u1ea1i Sdo s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \\\"c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i s\u1eaft\\\"? Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u xe ch\u1ea1y qua l\u1ea1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u xe \u1edf ph\u00eda sau c\u00f3 m\u00f3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00edch s\u1eaft bu\u00f4ng d\u00e0i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe, x\u00edch s\u1eaft n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e2'p l\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i x\u00edch s\u1eaft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do l\u00e1i xe s\u01a1 \u00fd \u0111\u00e1nh roi kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111u\u00f4i xe c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe con c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng - 141 -","thanh s\u1eaft r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe, thanh s\u1eaft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u1eady th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao? Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eebili l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tn\u00e1nh l\u00fa\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ecdiag ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u00f2i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng clii\u1ebfc xe \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xe ch\u1edf v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra nh\u01b0 sau: 1- Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; th\u00e2n xe c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. 2- Ong x\u1ea3 xe c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u00f3i lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. 3- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00f3i xe t\u00e9c, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong xe va \u0111\u1eadp, ma s\u00e1t v\u00f3i th\u00e0nh t\u00e9c l\u00e0m cho kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn Cc\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 sinli ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 klri ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 t\u00f3i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n v\u00f4n (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 220V). D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m cho xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed1p cao su c\u1ee7a xe l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch sinh ra v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean xe. Khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung gian, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sinla ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \\\"c\u00e1c \u0111u\u00f4i s\u1eaft\\\" l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n nhanh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra do ma s\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t; tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111ua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u1ea1? Tr\u00ean ti vi, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111ua F1 ch\u1ea1y nlianla nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3p, ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 bay h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd bc\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kli\u00e1c ch\u01b0a? Chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111ua F1 n\u00e0o tr\u00f4ng c\u0169ng k\u00ec l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh t\u00f3i v\u1eady? - 142","Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 300km\/h. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ra, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u1ec9d\u00ec\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xe. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u00eda sau xe th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh thc\u00e0nh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; d\u00f2ng Cc\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n k\u00e9o xe v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. L\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1ecfng l\u00f3n t\u00f3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xe. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed l\u1ef1c Cc\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u00e1y bay; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e2n xe c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi hay gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u00f3c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kla\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnl\u00ec th\u00e0nh l\u00ean d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y sau xe. Tuy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f3i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00f2ng kln' \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay c\u00f2n \u00f4 t\u00f4 lc\u1eca\u00cc ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t; th\u00e2n xe c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tc\u1ecaO ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. Do xe kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u1eefng Vc\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean xe \u0111ua r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00e2't ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec tr\u01b0c\u00edt kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y, n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec xe h\u1ecfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. L\u1eafp tc\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u xe \u0111ua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0ong ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. T\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed L\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kln' kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111u\u00f4i xe, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng xe, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1p xe v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap xe chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc l\u1ed1p xe \u0111ua to v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. L\u1ed1p xe l\u1edbn, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00f3n; r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ecdi cho gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng xe L\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a xe. L\u1ed1p xe \u0111ua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i cao su m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u00ednh; th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap xe b\u00e1m \u0111\u00e2't t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 klii ngo\u1eb7t xe kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. Ng\u01b0cM n\u00e0o quan s\u00e1t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng: l\u1ed1p sau xe th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, l\u1ed1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Th\u00ec ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c hay r\u1ebd g\u1ea5p, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o b\u00e1nli sau. B\u00e1nh sau xe l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tai n\u1ea1n g\u00e2y l\u1eadt xe ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u00f2i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p t\u1eb9t c\u1ee7a xe \u0111ua c\u0169ng L\u00e0 do n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kla\u00f4ng kh\u00ed mc\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m xe, l\u00e0m cho xe gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eadt. 143 -","Th\u00ec ra, h'mh d\u00e1ng k\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a xe \u0111ua kh\u00f4ng phc\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y xe t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbiih. Xe c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nh\u1ecdn; \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn; \u0111u\u00f4i kVn l\u1ed1p to, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 xe l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf... kh\u1eafp xe, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0trc thi\u1ebft k\u00ea r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 xe vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3? Xe vi\u1ec7t dd t\u1ea1i Sdo l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i tr\u00ean ndi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbd b\u1eb1n hi\u1ec3m tr\u1ed3? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf nc\u00e0o l\u00e0 xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ef1c ra xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3 ch\u00ednh Ic\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc xe Jeep ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n xe Jeep l\u1ea1i Ic\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00f9ng n\u00fai hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf. T\u00ean xe n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9\u00ech l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i xe v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c qu\u00e0n M\u0129. Chi\u1ebfc xe Jeep \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i xe h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a M\u0129 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n, chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1eeb hc\u1eadu ph\u01b0orig ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba. Do \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t t\u00f3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean xe Jeep c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e8o \u0111\u00e8o l\u1ed9i su\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1o k\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. Do \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i xe nc\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhaiali \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nli m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0trc m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 xe vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tuy ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn xe Jeep \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n thc\u00e0nh xe dc\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u0169. V\u1eady th\u00ec xe vi\u1ec7t d\u00e3 v\u01b0crt qua \u0111\u1ecba hmh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean xe Jeep c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e2n xe v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc; sau n\u1eefa xe Jeep l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i xe chuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f3i c\u1ea3 4 b\u00e1nla; hon n\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ec1u khc\u00e1 kVn. B\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 leo nli\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i d\u1ed1c t\u1edbi 60 \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00ec th\u1ebf xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba bc\u00e0n hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf... 144","T\u1ea1i sao trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t? Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u xe c\u1ed9, \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u1edf thc\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t, c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hoc\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng noi \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng x\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft giao nhau, chia l\u00e0m hai t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c ba tc\u1ea7ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n xe c\u1ed9 qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00fat giao th\u00f4ng, ng\u00e3 ba ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ecdi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch h\u1ecdp v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ed9 cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao hon? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt k\u00ec qu\u1eb7c, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c Vc\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00f3i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf h\u00ecmg h\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, hon n\u1eefa h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u00f2ng khi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t mc\u00e0u \u0111en \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, \u1edf trc\u1ecang th\u00e1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t CL\u00cdng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 40\u201cc tr\u1edf l\u00ean, nli\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf k\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. L\u00fac ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Cc\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y ra, cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u00f4 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c Vc\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 d\u0103m v\u00e0 trc\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ecdn m\u00f9a h\u00f2 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Sau khi t\u01b0\u00f3i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u00f2i r\u00e2't cao n\u00ean nhira \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng 145 -","trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh san ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y lu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n cho \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m cho I\\\\h\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddiig \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n k\u1ebft h\u1ecdp ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u00f3i nhau. Nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nla\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kli\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9iig l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng nli\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y lu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 san ph\u1eb3ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhanh c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, l\u00f3p nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u00f3c ra. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. M\u1eb7t d\u00f9 v\u00e0o lah\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ec7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u1eeda th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \\\"tr\u00f2i n\u00f3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t\\\". Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7d thang m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Xc\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, hay \u0111i mua \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, \u0111i \u0103n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00f3i thang m\u00e1y. Thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nli m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft thang m\u00e1y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y. \u1eca Y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra thang m\u00e1y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y th\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc k\u00e9o n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u00f3i gi\u1ebfng l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h'mh \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra. Hoia 300 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y, Vc\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"gh\u1ebf bay\\\". \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ecdi d\u00e2y th\u1eebng bu\u1ed9c Vc\u00e0o - 146-","gh\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7u kia qu\u1ea5n qua r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc \u1edb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, n\u1ed1i v\u00f3i v\u1eadt n<\u1eb7ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. Khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nl-i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gh\u1ebf l\u00ean cao hay h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng. Sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y hoi n\u01b0\u00f3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng thang m\u00e1y. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950, t\u1ea1i M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfc thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00f3i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ea9u. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u00e9p, thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y th\u1eebng, cho n\u00ean t\u00ediah d\u1ebbo k\u00e9m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, chi\u1ebfc thang m\u00e1y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u00f2i, m\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n m\u00f3i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f3c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng \u0111i c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y khi d\u00e2y th\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb roi. Hi\u1ec7n nay thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebfng thang m\u00e1y, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thang m\u00e1y l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p. B\u00ean trong thang m\u00e1y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, k\u00ecm an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f3t. Cho d\u00f9 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t th\u00ec thang m\u00e1y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb roi xu\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea7u thang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thang m\u00e1y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f3i c\u1ea7u thang trong nh\u00e0. C\u1ea7u thang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nlii\u1ec1u b\u1eadc thang c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 l\u1eafp d\u00e2y x\u00edch, r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc nla\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o cao. Tr\u00ean \u0111inh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u thang, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a thang m\u00e1y s\u1ebd h\u1ea1 d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1eb7t bc\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7u thang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Vc\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nhanh nli\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1p treo l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai? D\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p tr\u00ean kli\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u00f2i xa x\u01b0a, nhimg \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng, r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc v\u00e0 xe go\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0crt t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p treo v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nli kh\u00e1ch hiC'n nay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. \u0110\u1ebfn - 147","nay, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00ea gi\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p treo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, n\u00fai th\u00ec cao, phong c\u1ea3irla \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p treo gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf thc\u00e0nh ph\u01b0ong ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai l\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ecfrag v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng nla\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe c\u00e1p tr\u00ean cao th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a xe c\u00e1p tr\u00ean cao g\u00e2'p 30 l\u1ea7n xe hoi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec xe c\u00e1p treo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t Cc\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a xe \\\\'\u00e0 dc\u00e2y c\u00e1p k\u00e9o xe. B\u1ecfi v\u1eady h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe c\u00e1p treo. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nlr x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tu s\u1eeda c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y c\u00e1p treo kh\u00f4ng cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Cho n\u00ean ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c phc\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c dimg \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch, xe c\u00e1p treo r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Li\u1ec7u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \\\"\u0111u\u00f4i\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? H\u00ecnh dc\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u00e2'u c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f3i xe khc\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0iag \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i hoc\u00e0n tOc\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nliau. Xe kh\u00e1ch th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nlii\u00ean li\u1ec7u x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n v\u00f3i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kli\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean xe cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 Ic\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ean n\u00f3c xe l\u1eafp hai \u0111\u01b0cmg d\u00e2y t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1eafn b\u00e1nh xe ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng vcri hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp xl'ic v\u1edbi nhau. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n qua d\u00e2y t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tcVi m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o xe, sau \u0111\u00f3 qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n khc\u00e1c tcVi dc\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00e9p k\u00edn thc\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ic\u00e0m cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111\u01b0cmg dc\u00e2y t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb roi xu\u1ed1ng, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u00e2't \u0111i ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0cmg, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. BtVi Vc\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai c\u00e1i \\\"\u0111u\u00f4i\\\" nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thuc\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nhrmg l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. - 148-","T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 th\u1ebf d\u00f9ng c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay d\u1ec3 ch\u00faa h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1? Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chim bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00edch th\u00fa. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00ed bay c\u1ee7a chim mc\u00e0 ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y bay. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a chim v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0ong t\u1ef1 nhau, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c bay ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. Khi bay, m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau hao m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ebft x\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay, trong \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eedii\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Khi m\u00e1y bay tr\u1edf 400 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch th\u00ec khoang c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai t\u1ea7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay ph\u00ecnh to ra, g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u1ee9\u00ech kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y khi m\u00e1y bay t\u0103ng th\u00eam k\u00edch c\u1ee1, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c nhc\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u00ea ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u1edb b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nli. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1nli c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay n\u00e0y l\u1eafp c\u1ea3 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t Container v\u00e0o. So v\u00f3i c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay th\u00ec th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u1eeba nh\u1ecf v\u1eeba d\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay mc\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kg h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. T\u1eeb\u1eedi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnli trong qu\u00e1 tr'mh bay c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay l\u1edbn, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo n\u00ean nlii\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y bay n\u00e0y ti\u00eau hao c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 1\/3 so v\u00f3i m\u00e1y bay th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u00f2ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ee9ih \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tc\u1ecaOra t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m thay cho khung l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y bay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hc\u1eca c\u00e1nla thu\u1eadn l\u1ecdi xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. 149-","Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u t\u1edbi? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y bay th\u01b0\u1eddng bay v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00f3n. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng lo\u00e3ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u00f4xi c\u00e0ng \u00edt, s\u1ef1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u00f2i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u t\u00f3i? V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch m\u00f3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00e1y bay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0ong th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i klaoang m\u00e1y bay. B\u1ecfi v\u00ec m\u00e1y bay bay kh\u00f4ng cao n\u00ean khoang m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong khoang m\u00e1y bay \u00edt hon m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u00f3i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f3i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Th\u00f2i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 phi c\u00f4ng m\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p \u00f4xi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p \u00f4xi kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, \u00f4xi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n v\u00f3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0o bmh th\u00e9p, d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. C\u00f9ng v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, \u00f4xi trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lo\u00e3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 6000 m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xi ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f3i 15.8% so v\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xi lo\u00e3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xi trong khoang c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ra? N\u1ebfu mang theo \u00f4xi t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u00f4xi v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ti\u00eau hao m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u00f4xi th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b'mh th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y \u00f4xi t\u1eeb trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u00f4xi. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0ong th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p \u00f4xi m\u1edf. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p \u00f4xi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p - 150-"]