ARC 2206 [ COMPILED ] Vernacular Houses

sagada house T RIVIA In the Northern Philippines, a majestic structure known as the Sagada House bears witness to the traditions passed from generation to generation. This house is built on the ground, just like any Bontoc house, but it has a steep roof, which allows it to offer protection from the cold weather and prying eyes. It is a wooden box with a steep thatch roof as a lid. It has grown into one of the region’s most iconic landmarks over the course of time, in addition to being a two-story main house, which is surrounded by a central granary or “agamang,” as well as being a historic structure that houses two separate structures. There are four types of houses in Sagada: Innagamang, Tinokbob, Binna-ey or Binang-iyan, and Tinabla.

LUZON. LUZON. sagada ELEVATION house Floor Plan BOBONG ------- ------------------ PAMOBBONGAN ATEP --------------- TODOG---------------- SECTION DAWIS-- -- AGAMANG --------------- DINGDING --------------- ----------- BOGSO ----------- KAMMANGA ----------- DE PLAT -- -- ------------ DESA --------------- the \"second story\" accentuated in the PITIT ---- Sagada house style is called innagamang (granary-style). The central granary ---- TOKOD---- DINGDING ---- ------- (agamang) stands on the four posts (tokod) DE PLAT carrying two girders (kiling) and three floor joists (desa) characteristic of the Southern Section Strain, but, inasmuch as the whole house is now in contact with the ground at so many points that ratguards on the posts would be NOTABLE FEATURES useless, the granary is made truly rat-proof by replacing the reed ceiling which would form a third-story attic with a gabled roof of solid HOUSE HWOITHUINSAE planks mortised and rabbeted together (ka- A typical TOKOD ogkog, ta-eb, etc.). is also a name ATEP for a Sagada SAGADA HOUSE This whole structure is known as the \"heart\" house due to PAMOBBONGAN (poso) of the house, and on it stand two the granary has an SEGPAN kingposts (dawis) which support the short ridgepole (pamobbongan) which receives the ADJOINING upper ends of the rafters (bogso). PstIoGne--PlinEeNd Short light posts under the eaves carry the lower ends of the rafters, and to these posts, excavated outside the door, with a bedroom for this important domestic animal extending for warmth under horizontal planks are lashed (dingding or inside. the house itself. 3 diding) and chinked with mud to enable the 4 house to be comfortably heated by the cooking fire.

SAGADA PLAN DETAILS. HOUSE interior parts ATEP, roof ------- PAMOBBONGAN, ridge DINGDING, TODOG, upper wall roof undersheating ------- KAMMANGA, wall sill BOGSO, rafter KILING, ------- girder AGAMANG, DAPOAN, central granary cooking area AGDAN, ladder KAMALIG, storage space DESA, floor joists SEGPAN, LOMENG, PITIT, ------- doorway pig pen beam TOKOD, Interior Details DINGDING, post wall Interior Details ATEP, roof DAPOAN, cooking area BOGSO, rafter KILING, girder An inclined wooden member, attached to the upper A principal beam of timber is used to support the granary A steep roof with thick piles of cogon The area, located at the rear section of the ridge pole and beam below to bear the steep and structure. heavy roof made of cogon grass. grass gathered into bundles and inserted house, is used for cooking and storing PITIT, beam DINGDING, the upper wall A long piece of heavily timbered beam is used to connect into the rafters. kitchen implements. Wooden boards for sheathing the interior walls of the the lower posts and provide support for the heavy and granary. steep roof AGAMANG, central granary KAMALIG, storage space PAMOBBONGAN, ridge beam DINGDING, wall An elevated wooden structure, ... An elevated wooden platform for storing A horizontal wooden section at the apex of the sloping The horizontal planks wall chinked with mud to enable the roof supports the upper end of the rafters house to be comfortably heated by the cooking fire. regarded as the heart (poso) of the baskets and pots. TODOG, roof undersheating TOKOD, post house, and intended for storing rice grain LOMENG, pig pen Horizontal support for roof grass made from \"runo\" A square wood post is used to support the roof and sticks. the lower horizontal plank wall. 5 and for offering sacrifices to the anito. A shallow pit enclosed with stones and 6 AGDAN, ladder boulders intended as a pigs' pen. KAMMANGA, wall sill DESA, floor joists A wooden ladder is utilized for accessing SEGPAN, doorway A horizontal timber resting above the floor joist is used A rectangular member is attached to the girders which to hold up the granary wallboards. keeps up the granary structure. the granary of the house. An opening as entrance into the house.

balay negrense T RIVIA The Balay Negrense, also known as the Victor Fernandez Gaston Ancestral House, is a museum depicting the way of life of a late 19th-century Negrense sugar baron in Silay City, Negros Occidental, in the Philippines. It is noteworthy for being the first museum to be built in the Negros Occidental province. There are 12 bedrooms and two stories in the old house which has been converted into a museum. The Balay Negrense Museum is a stone home, or \"bahay na bato,\" like most of the houses constructed in Silay in the late 20th century, although the lowest level is made of concrete rather than stone.

VISAYAS. VISAYAS. FLOOR PLAN Ground Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Cross Section SECTION Longitudinal Section T he house is of the type called Bahay na bato, literally \"house of stone\", however, reflecting American colonial influences, the lower storey is not constructed of stone but of concrete. The floors and foundation supports are both constructed from indigenous hardwood balayong tree trunks. The roof of the house's upper story is made NOTABLE FEATURES of galvanized iron rather than tiles to reflect the late-19th century trend started in Manila 1897 1994 wherein after the Luzon earthquake of 1880, VICTOR GASTON the use of tiles was discouraged in favor of the then novel hiero roofing material. The home includes enormous windows with THE MANSION ventanillas, smaller windows below the originally lived in the Balay was renovated and larger windows with sliding panels that may Negrese Museum. The furnished by the Gaston house's construction started family's remaining heirs as be opened to let in the wind, and a four- meter high ceiling. A meter-high crawlspace in 1897, at the height of well as a group of WOOD Silay's importance as a concerned Negrenses who BALAYONG cultural and commercial later became known as GALVANIZED IRON ROOF SPANISH-ERA FLOWERS raises the lower floor itself above the hub. After being finished in the Negros Cultural MEMORABILIA AND ANTIQUES ground, allowing the wooden foundations to 1901, it grew to be one of the Foundation. The lifestyle biggest houses on the museum was formally breathe and preventing humidity from island. Up until his passing in opened in October 1990, 1927, Gaston lived there with and in March 1994 it was destroying the wood. his family. Midway through recognized as a historic 10 the 1970s, the building was building. 9 abandoned, and gradually it became deteriorated.

balay PLAN DETAILS. negrense floor plans, elevations Front Elevation Right-Side Elevation Ground Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Rear Elevation Left-Side Elevation t he pillars and floorboards of the house are made of T he Balay Negrense Museum also has extensive garden 12 ironwood or 'balayong'. This is a tough wood that and fountains with Spanish-era flowers and mature nails and termites cannot get into. The upper floors trees. It is filled with memorabilia and antiques, including are also made of wood. The structure has a four- clothing from the early 20th century. The kitchen of the meter-high ceiling and large, intricately etched house is equipped with huge clay jars and old cooking utensils. 11 windows, covered with a galvanized iron roof instead of tiles.

badjao I house T RIVIA The Badjao, also known as the Sea Nomads, is a small culture of hunters that traveled to Southeast Asia's coastal areas thousands of years ago. As the first and perhaps the only entirely aquatic civilization in the world, they have been residing permanently in the sea for the past 1500 years. Originally, the Badjao lived aboard their lepa-lepa boats. Eventually, they live in floating villages built in the shallow waters off the coast making them stateless with no nationality. These houses are skillfully constructed on stilts between coral and seaside rocks.

mindanao. MINDANAO. badjao FLOOR PLAN house SECTION t he outside of a house 1960's A typical NIPA NOTABLE FEATURES reveals house's overall LUMBER function or purpose. Their Badjao were Badjao house BAMBOO external walls and roof are forced to MANGROVES constructed from palm or is made COCONUT TREE coconut leaves, and are move inland from the inclined to shield occupants to live under from strong heat and INLAND seasonal rain. Wooden police WOODS rotating hinges support the protection front doors, and tree trunks serve as posts. The Badjao dwellings exhibit resource- limited building methods & environmental adaptation. 15 16

badjao PLAN DETAILS. house floor plan, elevations Left-Side Elevation Front Elevation Floor Plan Rear Elevation Right Side Elevation t he living and sleeping areas were located in the w ooden walls were securely fastened in the inside main room of the house, which featured bamboo area to protect from elements. The house has flooring, with the kitchen taking up an adjacent space. windows and doors that allowed light and air inside. The houses weren't close to one another, but they were The following items may frequently be found in the connected by bamboo planks that had been laid out dwelling: a sail, a fishing lamp, a suitcase, a stove, pots 18 and dishes, a water jug, a small chest, mats, and 17 in the shape of streets. The Badjaos also built boathouses of various sizes and styles. pillows.

Balangay I 19boat houseT RIVIA The Balangay was the first wooden boat that was excavated in Southeast Asia. These boats were instrumental in the settlement of Austronesian peoples in the Philippines and the Malay archipelago. It was used for cargo and trading, in which Butuan, Agusan de Norte, Philippines was a central trading port.

mindanao. MINDANAO. FLOOR PLAN balangay Floor Plan Front Elevation boat house ELEVATION T he Balangay is a plank boat that was first mentioned in the 16th Century in the Chronicles of Pigafetta and is known as the oldest watercraft found in the Philippines. It was the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia and is evidence of early Filipino craftsmanship and NOTABLE FEATURES seamanship skills during pre- colonial times. The Balanghai 2015 A typical Festival is a celebration in Butuan, Balangay Agusan Del Norte to commemorate the coming of the was declared as the National Boat of the early migrants that settled the Philippines by the Balangay LASHED-LUG Philippines, on board the Balangay House Committee CABONEGRO ROPE boats. on Revisions of Laws WERE HERITIERA LITTORALIS WOOD BASICALLY A BAROK (PALM FIBRES) The name barangay originated from Balangay, the Austronesian LASHED- LAWAAN word for “sailboat”, and was one of LUG PLANK the first native words the BOATS PUT TOGETHER 21 Spaniards learned in the 22 Philippines.

BALANGAY PLAN DETAILS. floor plan, elevations BOAT HOUSE Floor Plan Front Elevation Right-Side Elevation Left-Side Elevation 23 T he House Committee on Basic Education and Culture has approved T he Balangay 1 is a historical figure located at the Balangay Shrine 24 a bill declaring the 'Balangay' as the oldest watercraft in the Museum in Ambangan, Libertad. The Butuan Museum is responsible Philippines and as the National Boat of the Philippines. The committee for supervising the excavations and artifacts found therein. The chaired by Rep. Marlyn Primicias-Agabas approved the proposal National Museum excavated three of the boats, while the rest are still authored by Rep. Lawrence Lemuel H. Fortun, which aims to ensure water logged in specific sites in Butuan City. Dr. Mary Jane A. Bulonia future generations of Filipinos recognize the contribution of their believes the artifact is beneficial for its conservation as it will not primogenitors in creating and shaping the country's maritime tradition decompose if exposed without proper conservation. and passing on values of unity, coherence, determination and bravery.

BAy I sinug Insert picture T RIVIA Bay Sinug stands over the sea which is also known as the house of the sea. It has nine posts, each post corresponding to each of the major parts of the human body. It is located in Sulu Archipelago in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. For Tausug, the roof is important wherein they feature horn shaped finials that serves as an accent losing prominence in favor of the more modern galvanized roofing. All the eight non-center posts of Bay Sinug support the roof , which is all given form by the ridge beam and and is made from sari, nipa, sago palm or plaid (coconut palms from the marang tree).

mindanao. MINDANAO. BAy FLOOR PLAN SINUG Floor Plan Cross Section Longitudinal Section SECTION T he Tausug house typically consists of a single rectangular room, bamboo-or timber-walled, with a thatched roof, raised on posts about 2 to 3 meters above the ground. The structure is generally NOTABLE FEATURES surrounded by a series of elevated porches leading to a separate kitchen at the rear and A single is often enclosed within a 1960protective stockade encircling the house compound. Various constructed rectangular practices attend to the building from lumber, room raised on SPLIT BAMBOO of a Tausug house. A site must NIPA PALM first be pronounced “lucky” by the bamboo 6 TO 8 local imam, who calculates the and sawali COCON GRASS “flow of strength” of the land and materials FILES LUMBER 27 determines an auspicious date 28 for beginning the construction.

BAy PLAN DETAILS. sinug floorplan & elevation Front Elevation Rear Elevation Left-Side Elevation Floor Plan Right-Side Elevation T he Bay Sinug roof features horn-shaped finials called Tadjuk Pasung, an B ay Sinug has nine post that corresponds to various parts of human anatomy. accent losing prominence in favor of the more modern galvanized roofing, All the eight non-center posts support the roof , which is all given form by the tadjuk pasung represents either the flight of bird or the shape of dragon. ridge beam and and is made from sari, nipa, sago palm or plaid (coconut palms PANGGONG HAGDAN from the marang tree). THE GUSUK (RIBS) receiving area; a space stairs; the main access to the intended to receive and house KUSINA THE PIPUL (NAVEL) the south post entertain guests. LAWANG kitchen; the center post THE LIUG (NECK) TANDAWAN access to adjoining spaces usually an opening or window accompanied by a removable door DAGTONG THE PIGI (HIP) the north post GIBAYAN PANTAN a bamboo water container the southeast and southwest corners THE HITA (GROIN) living and sleeping area open space used as living space 29 and storage of fruits, vegetables with two or more internodes 30 KASILYAS and fishing equipments toilet; bathroom SAURONG THE AGATA (SHOULDER) the eastern and western sides of the sleeping quarters for the northeast and northwest corners center post unmarried women

Mala A walai I maranao house T RIVIA Living on the northern edge of Lake Lanao, Maranao are the graceful “people of the lake”. The Maranao arrange their houses in a line pattern along a river, road or lake shore. The house rests on nine posts, each post signifying a part of the human body. These are the hips, shoulders, neck, navel, and groin. The center post, the navel, is the first to be erected. The prominent feature of their houses is the carved wooden disk that prohibits rodents to enter.

mindanao. MINDANAO. mindanao. MINDANAO. MMamamlaalhaahroAroaAuanwusnwAseaAeoaloalai i FLOOR PLAN FLOOR PLAN Floor Plan Floor Plan aranao house is similar to SECTION Torogan in terms of having SECTION M okir adraencaoorahtioounsse, isbsuimt iltahreto Section Section differencTeoriosgtahnatinMtearlma sAoWf haalaviing Mdoes nootkihr avdeecopraatnioonlosn, g,buthte the richldyifcfearrevnecde disestihgant tMhaatlaflaAreWs alai upwdaordeslikneowt ihnagvs.eThipsahnooulosnegis, the NOTABLE FEATURES usuarilclyhlay chaormveed tdoetshigenhtihgahtesfltares NOTABLE FEATURES rankupwofardriclihkeeswt ingdsa.tTuhisinhouase is \"paguaswuaidll\"y a home ptorintchipeahlitigy.hesAt s more Mala Mararannako's opfrinrciicphaelsotkirddaetsuignisn aA Walai's were A typical ORNOOEONBEMIGBIGA typicalaadoraerenlrlpneusdardidoM\"aaegpmtersenrnhtaanesehsdeserganieangamttantnhtsawrhapesaeettieonaidrotoia'htksm\"nnsaroepoa,eptaiaitrrroniikrmnnLnmaooaioc,tkbaskati,ponoerdmanaoctiehatgiklbaa,elo.ospljduknortLeTisihangarnhteala.ndcsejungfaoiesotpTsdanoosehratiageligfntsotyaoesbacaMdr. ornaeacnscrhuisakAAcbadrintetnosnearecuWanscttcouhcmiosokratnntteeuerlocbcarudtirteoroihceoo'i,snnutelecdgbsMwdiroaeoi,nurlladgeMspaarlaMtpitaAaiorlaWtnitlAaeioslWansilaeslasi ROOMwcoamteramerlslpuu. rdneeistsey ntlifetothweitirhLaitsksoecfiearltiLlaeannadosurfaMacracerhdai.tneacoture SAPIYAY 34 OKIR DESIGN FOR 33 community life with its fertile surfaced. FTRAODNJWFTOURWOKKOIOPARNADWLTDLSPWEOUAOSSONNAISAGDGDLTPNL PIAYOFNOASDYRT waters. TADJUK PASUNG