history chapter 1 Nationalism In Europe by Alok

TOPIC-THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND IDEA OF NATION 1789 FRANCE

FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 wtWNtr EMOCRACY

MAJOR CHANGES DURING FRENCH REVOLUTION 1 POWER TRANSFER FROM MONARCH ■ TO COt4-10N PEOPLE 2. BROUGHT NEW FLAG 3. FRENCH BECAME THE NATIONAL LANG1JAGE NEW NATIONAL ANTHEM COMPOSED ■ AMl OATH TAKEN 5' ESTATE GENERAL ELECTED BY CO~N - TEST ESTATE ■ PEOPLE AMl RENAMED NATIONAL ASSEMBLY GENERAL 2ND ESTAT 6 NTERNAL CUSTOM DUTIES WERE ■ ABOLISt£D 3RD STATE (COM1v10N PEOPLE)

' II I 7 NATIONALISM IDEA TAKEN ABROAD ■BY FRENCH ARMIES

DEMOCRACY NAPOLEON

799 N CIVIL CODE OF 1804 (NAPOLEON CODE)

CIVIL CODE OF 1804 1.ESTABLISHED EQUALITY BEFORE LAW 2. RIGHT TO PROPERTY 3.fEUDAL SYSTEM WAS ABOLISHED KING NOBLES 4.FREED PEASANTS FROM SERFDOM KNIGHTS PEASANTS FREE 5 FEUDAL SYSTEM .GUILD RESTRICTION WERE REMOVED -·- - - -- 6 TRANSPORT AMJCOt.NUNICATION SYSTEM •WERE IMPROVED

DRAWBACK OF NAPOLEON RULE 1. INCREASED TAX 2.CENSORSHIP WERE IMPOSED 3.FORCED TO JOIN FRENCH ARMY •

MID 18TH CENTURY -1750 1750-1815 SOCIETY DIVISION

NO(MNIDA1T8-1TI7HO50NCENSTTUARYT) E LANGUAGE HISTORY D 0 TRADITION ~ FRENCH GOVER~NT ITALIAN WITH AGREEMENT GERMAN NATION STATE HABSBURG EMPIRE

EUROPE ARISTOCRACY er-~ MIDDLE CLASS 1. LAN> OWING CLASS \\{l_PEASANTRY ~ I ·1 2. SPEAKS FRENCH LANGUAGE 3. SMALL GROUPS ,~i(s-- 1. MAJORITY POPULATION 2 LOOKED AFTER • ARISTOCRACY LAN> ' • FAMILY COl'f'ECTED BY MARRIAGE 5 UNTED IN CO~ON ' ' • .·'~ .. .• WAY OF LIFE -... ., · . • ••• • ,,~ • o, '.!. ...~~ t ii • .( A •• '!¥ ... •. -II ~ I \\ ~~' ' ' '. -, ~•• I - ' .I- 'I

D CULTURE LANGUAGE TRADITION HISTORY NATION UNITY

LIBERAL NATIONALISM ~ 1. FREEDOM OF INDIVIDUAL 2. EQUALITY BEFORE LAW 3. GOVER\"\"1ENT WITH PEOPLE AGREEMiNT ' • EN) OF AUTOCRACY RULE Nil CLERICAL PREVILEDGE 5 CONSTITUTION AND REPRESENTATIVE • GOVERtMENT _I -- 111 ITIDmm . •.~. - - -. l• AJ • .a a , .' .. • - - PARl..lAMENT OP INDIA·~ - -

TWO IDEAS OF EDUCATED MIDDLE CLASS -- \\NATION UNITY 2.LIBERAL NATIONALISM TWO PROBLEMS 1. ON..Y MEN ABOVE 21 WAS ALLOWED TO VOTE 2. STATE TO STATE TRADE RESTRICTION _,,____ ~---- . I • •I

1834 -CUSTOM UNION FORMED ZOLLVEREIN -PURSSIA STARTED -MANY OTHER GERMAN STATES JOINED LATER RESULTS: 1. ABOLISHED TRADE BARRIER 2.ffEDUCED NUMBER OF CURRENCIES FROM 30 TO 2

SHIT CHU*%#A BRITAIN RUSSIA PRUSSIA AUSTRIA

CONSERVATISM: 1. PRESERVE: •-MONARCHY -CHURCH -SOCIAL HIERARCHIES (CIVIL CODE) -AUTOCRATIC 2. NO CRITICISM AND DISAGREEMENT 3 CENSORSHIP■ 1!.,ThrDalf,-Nt1ts . - .I ~-t--:~\\}~ ! ::;JI tens l\\ivt CCk\"le 6t Ian 1 ~

TREATY OF VIENNA: 1815 ~IB*IN P~ A A~ AJ • 1. BOURBON DYNASTY WAS RESTORED IN FRANCE 2. STATES WERE SET UP ON THE BOUNDARIES OF FRANCE TO PREVENT FRENCH EXPANSION IN FUTURE. J . PURSSIA GOT SOME IMPORTANT TERRITORIES ON ITS WESTERN 4.AUSTRIA GOT CONTROL OVER NORTH ITALY. t 5. RUSSIA GOT POLAND J 6 CONFEDERATION OF 39 STATES WHICH HAD BEEN SET UP 3 _ - • BY NAPOLEON WAS LEFT UNTOUCHED

THE REVOLUTIONARIES: -SECRET SOCIETY -AIM: 1. SPREAD IDEA OF NATIONALISM 2. OPPOSE MONARCHY 3. WANTED FREEDOM AND END AUTOCRATlr QtJLE ,~.\"~' 4.NATI0N STATE -CULTURE -LANGUAGE -TRADITION -HISTORY

GIUSEPPE MAZZINI: t ITALIAN REVOLUTIONARY . \\~ · ~~ 2. MEMBER OF SECRET SOCIETY CARBONARI /·.) 3. FORMED TWO SECRET SOCIETY ' ~ --- ,_/ ~/ -YOUNG ITALY IN MARSEILLES - YOUNG EUROPE IN BE,RNE. 4. BELIEVED IN UNIFICATION OF ITALY ti I

DATE REVISION: 1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION 1834: 1799 1804 1815 ZOLLVEREIN (CIVIL CODE) ..,..,. ~{ ~ ~~ ' . t 1815 ~' - TREATY OF VI~

AGE OF REVOLUTION: 1830-1848 -EDUCATED MIDDLE CLASS D TWO IDEAS: ~ 1. LIBERALISM \\J~~~-. 2. NATIONALISM ~ -SPREADING IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF EUROPE -ITALIAN -GERMAN STATES -IRELAND -POLAND

1830 A - JULY REVOLUTION -GREEK REVOLUTION 1.:BOURBON KINGS WERE OVERTHROWN :OTTOMAN EMPIRE ~ :CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WAS SETUP :1821 1111, :WESTERN EUROPEAN :LOUIS PHILIPPE AT ITS HEAD COUNTRIES 2. • ·--.l:~:REVOLUTION STARTED IN BRUSSELS :POETS AND AR TISTS :UNDER UNITED KINGDOM OF Ant:.,P0u~..= ·. THE NETHERLANDS Bnn'::·,,alum ~~ :RESULTED IN BELGIUM BREAKING AWAY =1832 -TREATY OF CONSTANTINOPLE

1830: 3 TOPICS: - JULY REVOLUTION -ROMANTICISM -GREEK REVOLUTION -HUNGER HARDSHIP AND POPULAR REVOLT -THE REVOLUTION OF THE LIBERALS

., f •~ Olk ....... NATIONALISM FEELING: .t ' ',.-- .... r ...... 1. ROMANTICISM: -' <=... -A CULTURAL MOVEMENT -GERMAN PHILOSOPHER JO~ GOTTFRIED '

END OF 18TH CENTURY: --~••. ·•• « GREAT POWERS : -RUSSIA -PRUSSIA POLAND -AUSTRIA -POLISH LANGUAGE REMOVED HAHAHA!! -RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTES 1831 __,, ..

2. HUNGER HARDSHIP AND POPULAR REVOLT: 1830 -MACHINE-MADE GOODS FROM ENGLAN> LOUIS PHILIPPE

CMANGES: -RIGHT TO VOTE -RIGHT TO WORK 1845: -WEAVERS STARTED REVOLT AGAINST CONTRACTOR -PAYMENT DECREASED -4TH JUNE 1845

1848: THE REVOLUTION OF THE LIBERALS -LED BY MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE -WANTED TO ESTABLISH NATION STATE COt410N -PARLIAMENTARY PRINCIPLES: -CULTURE -LANGUAGE -TRADITION 9 The Daily News -CONSTITUTION The marti·ans have c-on\"•vfC.-a· t1-:a.s:=t... -FREEDOM OF PRESS .. .. -_ -FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION --:-~-~-:.·_ . -·: .:-.==-=-·-.-.:=.·..-:_-: .._--;:.,._~~_.:--_~.·--;_-□-.~.I.. - -·-~ft; ..--.-.,;-.· .-...:....-..-· ~..:---: .------ ......:-.·...-=..-.

- IN GERMAN REGIONS POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS WERE MIDDLE CLASS PROFESSIONALS -D1ECIDED, TO VOTE: ALL GERMAN NATIONAL PARTY ~ 18 MAY 1848: 831 MEMBERS ELECTED -PARLIAMENT BECAME DOMINANT BY ~HE MIDDLE CLASS -WORKERS AND ARTISANS DEMANDS NOT FULFILLED

CHANGES WERE MADE: ~ 1. SERFDOM AND BONDED LABOUR WAS ABOLISHED 2. GRANTED AUTONOMY TO ~~ · ~ THE HI UNGARIANs ~~~.. ·- ~~ ~~ 1111'\\. ~ ~ ., ~ · I f • ! '1 '! .1.t ., ,, -'\\ \\..:l' ' \" ~ '!.: A.Ill .' ., ~ .. / lriZ:alll .. I f \"'\\ ~ · \"· ~ ....... \"\"'

GERMANY: ?; dALL GERMAN NATIONAL PARTY (MIDDLE CLASS) J} ,,,,, ~ · (MIDDLE CLASS) .! '~,, e-: ,W ~-- ~ • ._ JU~ERS ~ OF PRUSSIA OTTO VON BISMARa<

7 YEARS 0

JANUARY 1871 WILLIAM I GERMANY BECAME INDEPENDENCE

ITALY: AUSTRIAN HABSBURG - IN 19TH CENTURY - DIVIDED IN 7 STATES - ONLY 1 (SARDINIA PIEDMONT) - THERE WERE MANY REGIONAL LANGUAGE 1830 ~~~ YOUNG ITALY ~ , BOURBON KINGS GIUSEPPE MAZZINI OF SPAIN

. ,.. . .. .'.,,,,·-,\";; ~ . It ,~... . n,. \\- , , I -- ·' • .~f? ~ , .// \\' .. •.J ,....,.. lr ,...~ I \\ - •- I .I r . - • C:- • ~ '\\ - • J I - •- • SPANISH l, ' ' I ' •' I • I• PEASANTS CAVOUR ;\\;,.J1~~ ~ , ~ fl ~ 'T' GARIBALDI 1861 VICTOR EMMANUEL 11

BRITAIN: ENGLAND SCOTLAND - THERE WAS NO BRITISH NATION BEFORE 18TH CENTURY IN SCOTLAND - ENGLISH PARLIAMENT SEIZED THE POWER FROM MONARCHY IN 1688 - ENGLAND BECAME THE NATION STATE - ACT OF UNION f/07 SIGNED - ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND (UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BR ITAIN)

- 1801 PROTESTAN! - IRELAND WAS FORCIBLY ENGLAND UKINCORPORATED INTO THE SCOTLAND BRITAIN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

PERSONIFICATION- ADDING HUMAN CHARACTER TO SOMETHING NON-HUMAN 18-19TH CENTURY b ALLEGORY LIBERTY JUSTICE REPUBLIC

LIBERTY- JUSTICE- EDIT- WEIGHING SCALE (FRANCE) (GERMANY) ..~ - ARIANNE GERMANIA

BALKANS: -OTTOMAN EMPIRE -THE BALKANS STATES WERE JEALOUS OF EACH OTHER -EACH HOPE TO GAIN MORE TERRITORY AT THE EXPENSE OF OTHERS -ONE BY ONE STATES BROKE AWAY FROM CONTROL OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND DECLEARED INDEPENDENCE

RUSSIA GERMANY ALKAN ENGLAND AUSTRO- HUNGARY -IMPERALISM: EXTENDING POWER WITH THE USE OF MILITARY IN A PARTICULAR REGION -LEAD TO THE 1ST WORLD WAR

-MM« COUNTRIES WERE COLONISED BY EUROPEAN POWERS -PEOPLE STARTED OPPOSING IMPERALISM WE WNfT .__,,,,.._..r---' - ANTI-IMPERAL MOVEMENT -NATI01NALISM IDEA STATRTED SPREADING