October 2021

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR NOTES Dear readers, I’m proud to announce the launch of our October issue! This issue’s theme is Culture and Heritage, one that I’m sure is close to every Pakistani’s heart, because we’re all so deeply rooted in our country’s culture. This month’s theme is focused on expression and way of living, the aim was to get writers to think outside of the box and realize the sense of unity and belonging in our culture. Pakistan’s cultural heritage Our writers and subeditors have put together a range of articles for you to read and enjoy! Our creative directors themselves seemed excited to work on this theme and we hope they exceed reader expectations just like they did ours! Thanks to the wonderful team behind Boundless, Sereen, Anum and Manahil we’ve put together the sixth issue here at Boundless! Without their commitment and efforts this truly would’ve been impossible. We hope this issue is one to remember! Happy Reading, Editor In Chief, Mehak Rehan I, along with the rest of the Executive Team, am thrilled to present the October of Boundless! The October issue features several excellent articles, op-eds, and creative pieces. The planning and publishing process ran smoothly and our team was able to overcome any and all challenges we encountered. The writing and compiling process has become more streamlined over the past few months and we hope to publish our issues earlier in upcoming months. Working with the writers was a pleasure and their ideas were creative and thoughtful. I’d like to give special thanks to our superb executive and creative teams for working diligently on this issue. I’d also like to note that we added a few new subeditors this month and they worked tirelessly to understand the publishing process and were extremely involved in perfecting our articles. The entire Directorate worked extremely hard on the October issue, and I believe the outcome was entirely worth it. We are extremely thankful for the support of our following and community of readers, and are excited to see that it continues to grow! Managing Editor, Sereen Yusuf

We’re delighted to announce the publication of the October issue of Boundless! This issue includes various page-turning articles, editorials and artwork. The compiling and publishing process was pretty smooth this time around, and our directorate was able to overcome any and all challenges they encountered. I’d like to especially thank the executive and creative team for working so hard to ensure this issue is our best one yet. We also added a few new subeditors this month, and they really helped their writers perfect their articles. I was also happy to see that Boundless is now focusing on in-school events a lot more, and many external writers are publishing articles related to their societies' activities. Have a look at the school affairs column to find out more about the exciting events taking place in November! The end product was definitely worth the time and work put in by the entire team this month. As the Boundless team continues to grow and develop, we are extremely grateful for our readers’ support. To our readers, I hope you enjoy reading this issue as much as I did! News Editor, Anum Azhar I am happy to announce to publication of our October Issue! Before the start of the month, the executive team sat down and creative a well- organized plan which proved to work out very well. All deadlines were followed and as Publishing Director, I could not be any happier with the way the issue turned out. All credit goes to everyone from our writers to the creative team who worked tirelessly to put together such a colorful and graphical issue. The theme of Culture & Heritage allowed our sub- editors to develop many interesting topics which I was extremely interested to read. I am extremely excited for all of you to read this issue and give your thoughts on it! Things ran extremely smoothly this time around and credit goes to all of our team members for adhering to the deadlines and contributing to the issue. This time around we had a new addition in the Creative Department: Sabrina Qureshi. I was extremely excited to work with her and am ecstatic with the way the pages and graphics turned out! Many events took place in October and will be taking place in November; make sure to head over to the school affairs column to get a gist of everything! Hopefully, all the hard work has paid off and you are as excited and ready to read this issue as I am! Happy Reading. Publishing Director, Manahil Fatima





















SPORTS

The effect of cancellation of the England The PCB over the years has been generous on and New Zealand Series on Pakistan showing support to all the Cricket playing nations in tough times and now it seems that they will come Yahyaa Qayum up with a strategy on relying to build the PSL as a stronger brand to attract foreign players and to build enhanced diplomatic ties to keep the influx of teams Since the terrorist attack on the Srilankan Cricket team in Pakistan in 2009, the revival of coming to Pakistan. International Cricket in the country has been a huge challenge. With years of diplomacy, As of today, it seems that Pakistan has been able to sustainability, heavy expenses on security win the sympathy of cricket lovers and the media. measures and the bringing back of the prized PSL event to Pakistan, with the involvement of Both parties have raised concerns about the foreign players, commentators and dignitaries, cancellation of the series and have encouraged has set the stage for the revival of teams called upcoming tours on the basis of financial, social, and the Big three. The sudden cancellation of tours by the New Zealand and English Cricket diplomatic wellbeing. Boards have left the Pakistani cricket lovers, players and Cricket Board Management in a bit of a turmoil to gather public opinion again, in favor of Pakistan being a safe haven for teams Through such an event, the Pakistani cricket team and cricket lovers. The financial loss to the can be depicted as a force to be reckoned with in the PCB is estimated to be above 2.5 million $ per series, leaving them stranded in line for their upcoming T-20 World Cup. long term plans of revenue earnings. The unexpected and irrational decision by the boards was met with great public criticism and even prompted Imran Khan, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, to talk to the Prime Minister of New Zealand in hopes of the reversal of their decision.

Role of Sports in Encouraging Interaction Among People of Different Cultures & Backgrounds An example of sports bringing people of different Mujtaba Qureshi cultures and backgrounds together is the France Almost every child participates in sports or other football team. Astonishingly, 87% of the 2018 World Cup-winning team is made up of either physical activities once they start to grow older. Most direct or indirect (whose parents or other generation youngsters like playing sports, whether it be at school or of forefathers immigrated) immigrants, with a total in their spare time, and look forward to it throughout the of 20 players in the squad being immigrants. Most week. However, the physical benefits of sports are not of them are from Africa, which shows and the only ones that matter; through sports, people can promotes intercultural interaction. All culturally develop a variety of abilities and skills including different players learnt to play with each other and collaboration and teamwork. These are essential skills tolerate each other. Sports brings everyone that a person uses throughout their life. together, regardless of color, ethnicity, race, Sports can contribute to social wellbeing through religion or socioeconomic background. creating common interests and values, as well as providing social skills that are essential for a democratic society. Individuals and communities are brought Sports play a large and remarkable role in together, which improves social and cultural life. Sports increasing interaction between individuals of all can help to break down prejudice, preconceptions, cultures and backgrounds. Sports are more than just cultural differences, ignorance, intolerance, and a form of exercise: they help children develop discrimination by encouraging communication and stronger coping strategies for dealing with life's ups overcoming differences. In many inner-city regions, and downs. When children participate in sports, street football is utilized by youth workers to connect they accept defeat. Participating in sports teaches with alienated young people. The Homeless World Cup children how to manage their emotions and channel is an international football tournament in which all of the negative emotions in a positive way. That is why teams are made up of homeless people. Since 2003, the sports are necessary and should be performed by all tournament has been conducted annually. \"...the research young people in order to begin developing and into the impact of the Copenhagen 2007 Homeless World Cup once again demonstrates significant change learning about other people's cultures. in the lives of the players - 71 percent of the players came off drugs and alcohol, started moving into jobs, homes, training, education, and repairing relationships all while continuing to play football,\" according to the organization's official website.

PPOOLLIITTIICCSS && HHIISSTTOORRYY

How China Took Over the World In 2013, Xi Jingping became the president and Nyle Kamran paramount leader of China. He is perhaps the most powerful Chinese leader since Mao Zedong himself In the early 1900’s, the U.S.A had been enjoying its status as a and has been ranked as the world's most influential global superpower. In the past 100 years or so, the country’s man by Forbes in 2008. The two main areas that Xi economic power has grown exponentially along with its has influence on various countries. Many have tried to dethrone the diverted his attention to are trade and military. One US from its seat of power, but all in vain. No single nation has major initiative that Xi Jinping has undertaken is the One Belt One Road (OBOR) system. The OBOR is a been able to replace America as the new global superpower, globe spanning plan with the purpose of strengthening until now, and that nation is undeniably China. trade, infrastructure, business and investment links between countries. The ‘road’ refers to maritime China gained its independence in 1949 and since then, it has shipping routes running from China to South-east done nothing but grow not only economically but also Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and even Europe. The ‘belt’ on the other hand refers to militarily. Mao Zedong, leader of the Communist Party and the overland routes stretching from China, through Central People’s Republic of China (PRC) provided the stepping stones Asia, all the way to Europe. An estimated 65-80 for China to emerge as a modern country. He implemented countries are part of this plan. Together, these many social and economic changes such as ‘The Great Leap countries account for more than 30% of the world’s Forward’ which collectivized agriculture and industrialized China and the ‘Cultural Revolution’ under the hat of which GDP, 62% of the world’s population and 75% of Mao incited Chinese citizens to break free from Imperialist and known energy reserves. Due to the OBOR, China has Bourgeois elements in society. However, both of these reforms been able to extend its influence over many countries, did more harm than good as they caused famine, self imposed perhaps even more than the U.S. Furthermore, China civil war and state led human extermination. In 1976, Mao has a grasp on virtually every industry. This includes Zedong died and a power struggle took place. The victor was real estate, power, consumer electronics, hotels, sports, Deng Xiaoping. Deng completely abandoned Mao’s policies mining and tourism. Elon Musk has also commented and implemented new, radical changes. He introduced on China’s rapid economic growth. Capitalism and Socialism while also opening China to the “A thing that will feel pretty strange is that the international community. Farmers were now allowed to Chinese economy is probably going to be at least cultivate their own land, entrepreneurs were allowed to start twice as big as the United States’ economy, maybe businesses and foreigners were allowed to invest. During three times. If you have half the resources of the Deng’s government, China’s GDP increased from $149.5 counter-party then you better be real innovative, if billion to $347.8 billion which is an approximate 57% increase. you're not innovative, you're only going to lose. It In 1993, Jiang Zemin, a prominent Chinese politician became would only require getting to a GDP per capita half the president of the PRC. He reduced state ownership of over the size of the United States for their economy to be 300,000 industries and issued a privatization plan in 1997. In 2001, China entered the World Trade Organization (WTO). twice the size of ours.” This ushered in a new, prosperous era for China. Tariffs on The GDP of China in 2020 was 14.7 trillion, exports and imports were reduced and multinational companies compared to 20.94 trillion of the U.S.A. However, China’s exports are already stumping those of the U.S flocked to China, which led to the PRC becoming the and they are only bound to grow. As for the military, manufacturing hub of the world. And that was the turning point Xi Jinping has focused on not only weapon for China’s economy. In 2003, Hu Jintao succeeded Zemin as development but also troop training and intelligence. It has produced and tested various missiles, planes and president of the PRC. Under Jintao’s regime, China saw its ships which compete with the world's best armies. economy grow drastically. The economy grew 75% in his first In conclusion, by 2030, China will have cemented itself as the global superpower. Statistics prove that it term and per capita income almost doubled from $1000 to would have the largest economy, most political power $2000. Jintao managed to avoid an economic crisis in 2009 and he greatly improved relations with Taiwan and the international and highest influence. community. 2 reporters from the New York Times had commented on China during Jintao’s government, “China had become a $5 trillion industrial colossus, a growing military force, and, it sometimes appears, a model of authoritarian decisiveness, navigating out of the global financial crisis and sealing its position as the world’s fastest rising power.”

Prejudice against minorities in Pakistani politics Prime minister Imran Khan in Momina Rizvi political party PTI’s 2018 Minority, “A culturally, ethnically, religiously, or racially distinct group that coexists election manifesto stated;” PTI but is will protect the civil, social and religious rights of minorities; subordinate to a more dominant group.” Pakistan is home to many minorities, specifically religious minorities. In 1947 Pakistan gained independence from British their places of worship, property, and institutions as laid Raj and was conceived as the homeland of Muslims, also becoming an Islamic republic is down in the Constitution.” in when almost all of these minorities lost most of their rights as it was now known as a 2020, he also declared “I “Muslims country.” In today’s day, these minorities include but are not limited to want to warn our people that Christians, Hindus, Kalasha, Parsis, Sikhs, and also Muslim sects, including Ahmedis, anyone in Pakistan targeting our Shias, Ismailis, and Bohras. non-Muslim citizens or Under International Law, religious minorities have the right to protect their culture, their places of worship will be traditions, religion, and language while living within a state. At the end of World War dealt with strictly. Our minorities II, are equal citizens of this the General Assembly of United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human country,” despite these empty Rights in 1948 to protect the rights of all the people of the world without any promises and statements discrimination. Besides this, soon after the partition, Hindus, Christan, Sikhs, and violence, hate crimes and several others were confined to separate electorates for quite some time and on several discrimination against minorities occasions as per the decision of the Pakistani Assembly. In 1973 a constitution was has not decreased since no actual amended which defined who a “Muslim” was and what beliefs they had, following action has taken this; in place or no laws to protect them 1974, Ahmedis were no longer considered a Muslim sect but a separate religion as a whole since their beliefs didn’t fall under the government’s definition of a “Muslim.” have been established. Judges are nullifying the free- Even will of Hindus, revoking the today, these minorities aren’t given enough access or power on a political level. In the marriages of Christians, National Assembly, only 10 out of 342 seats are given to Non-Muslims, and for the invalidating the very religion of Provincial Assembly, only 23 out of 728. Ahmedis, people are burning All of this discrimination goes against the wishes of Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan; down and vandalizing Jinnah had an evident, just, democratic, and tolerant vision for Pakistan; he frequently expressed it through his speeches and actions. He appointed Sir Zafarullah Chaudhary gurdwaras, The government is an Ahmedi, the first foreign secretary of Pakistan. Some religious parties were highly falsely imprisoning and killing reluctant to accept minorities as equal citizens in Pakistan. On the other hand, Jinnah had a clear view of minorities and their equal rights without any discrimination by the minorities under blasphemy laws, and nothing is state. Addressing this in the first Constituent Assembly, he said: being done about any of it. When “You may belong to any religion or caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the it comes to religious business of the state”. freedom, the government is “You are free; you are free to go to your temples. You are free to taking very little to no steps go to your mosques or to any other places of worship in this state of Pakistan.” towards positive development. After the partition, Pakistan inherited many British laws, One sector of them being The promises made by PM Imran blasphemy laws; in 1980-1986, these laws were made more severe by several clauses Khan are being ignored by him added by the military government of General Zia-Ul-Haq to make these laws “Islam specific.” These blasphemy laws and clauses were not in favor of minorities and still and his party. aren’t. They are used to this day as the basis to murder or imprison Christians, Pakistan has a hybrid regime Ahmedis, Hindus, etc., on false accounts. These laws are specifically used to attack where the military runs the Christians, especially under sections 295-B and 295-C. For a number of years, country through their elected Christians have been trying to re-appeal “Hudood Laws” as the implementation of parliament, blaming the civilian government and holding them these blasphemy laws has made them extremely vulnerable. Organizations such as Human accountable for such issues. This brings up the Rights Watch have asked the Pakistan government to repeal laws that are question for the future of discriminatory towards religious minorities, which include a ban on the statute that Pakistani Minorities: If their own makes capital punishment mandatory for blasphemy, but nothing has been done about government and army isn’t willing to protect and support it. them, where are they supposed to go? What are they supposed to do?

Dicrimination Towards Muslims in India’s new Citizenship Policy By: Rvasiya Nval It should be emphasised that India has been the victim of a slew of religious and sectarian upheaval that seems to occur every few years. Historically, communal clashes have occurred in India between Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, and Christians; however, during the past few decades, the clashes have primarily occurred between Muslims and Hindus. As a result, it has attracted worldwide notice. From 2015 to 2020, there are several videos of violent attacks against Muslims in India. The main motivation for the attacks is said to be anti-Muslim sentiments. The films show Muslims being beaten to death with sticks and iron rods in a number of instances. In February 2020, a video emerged from India showing five severely injured men lying on the street being assaulted by multiple police officers and made to sing the Indian national anthem. On February 24, it was filmed in Kardampuri, a region in northeast Delhi. Faizan, a 23-year-old Muslim, was one among the men who died two days later from his injuries. In the three days of communal rioting that erupted in India's capital, at least 52 additional people were slain. In targeted attacks by Hindu mobs, over 200 people were injured, properties were damaged, and communities were relocated. While a cop and a few Hindus were also killed, Muslims made up the majority of the casualties. Since Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was initially elected in 2014, Muslims in India have been progressively persecuted. Faizan died in a slaughter as the country's communal anxieties grew. The discriminatory Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) was passed by the Modi administration on December 12, 2019. For the first time in India, religion is utilized as a standard for citizenship. The law expedites asylum applications for non-Muslim irregular immigrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, which are all Muslim-majority nations. The amended citizenship law, combined with the government's push for a nationwide citizenship verification process via a National Population Register (NPR) and a formulated National Register of Citizens (NRC) aimed at specifying \"illegal migrants,\" has raised concerns that millions of Indian Muslims, including many families who have lived in the country for generations, may be cut of their citizenship privileges. Since the beginning of the Modi government, BJP officials have made Hindu nationalist and anti- Muslim comments in speeches and interviews. These have, at times, promoted and even incited violent attacks by party supporters who feel they are exempt and approved by the government. Muslim men have been attacked for dating Hindu women. Since 2015, mobs connected with the BJP have murdered and wounded dozens of religious minorities over accusations that they sold or slaughtered cows for beef, as in India cows are a holy animal. In February 2019, BJP supporters allegedly intimidated and assaulted numerous Kashmiri Muslim students and shopkeepers in retaliation for a terrorist attack on a security forces convoy.

There was a comparable political response during rallies against the citizenship law. When BJP-affiliated gangs barraged protestors, the police did not intervene in several dilemmas. In BJP-ruled states, however, police used disproportionate and unjustified deadly force during protests, slaying at least 30 people and injuring dozens more. In February, some authorities openly joined in mob attacks on Muslims in Delhi. Protests have erupted in India and throughout the world in response to the government's Hindu nationalist and anti-Muslim policies. The Indian government's crackdown on demonstrations sparked even more outrage. The US, the European Union, and the United Nations Secretariat have all urged the Modi administration to abandon its discriminatory practises. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, Indian officials announced that citizenship verification efforts had been postponed indefinitely. Previously, Indian diplomats attempted to dismiss global concern as \"internal matters,\" and the BJP launched a public movement to combat endeavors to \"mislead the nation.\" Prime Minister Modi has continued to insist that these regulations are not discriminatory, stating that \"Muslims are a part of our nation, and they have equal rights and duties as others.\" However, he has done nothing to engage protestors in discussion, rein in his party members and supporters who frequently insult Muslims, or pressure state governments to criminalise those guilty for violations. Muslims have expressed concern about the National Register of Citizens, citing issues that have already arisen in the northeastern state of Assam, the only state to have accomplished such a verification process. It barred over two million individuals, the majority of them are ethnic Bengalis accused of unlawfully infiltrating India from neighbouring Bangladesh. The 1951 National Register of Citizens was created to register these settlers after a spike in migration to Assam under British colonial administration and after the 1947 partition and establishment of Pakistan. The August 2019 update to authenticate Indian residents in Assam was the result of a 1985 peace treaty and a later 2014 Supreme Court judgement to resolve Assamese groups' concerns, demonstrations, and violence over illegal migration. In actuality, the procedure was arbitrary and discriminatory, disproportionately targeting Bengali Muslims, raising fears that similar misuse and bias may be reproduced if it is extended to the rest of the country. In January 2020, a group of former bureaucrats and officials publicly warned that the countrywide NRC process “has the scope to be employed in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner, subject to local pressures and to meet specific political objectives, not to mention the unbridled scope for large-scale corruption.”.

Paradox of intolerance Zoya Sheherzad The basis for almost all 21st century societies is tolerance; social, religious, economic , gender based and racial. With the continuous increase in globalization and intercultural exchange, most societies(hot spots for diversity) aim to be more tolerant. As such, progressive societies should work towards being able to respect the autonomy of its members, their choices and opinions. Yet the idea of tolerance itself and its applicability in the real world is extremely perplexing. The paradox of tolerance states that in order for a tolerant society to thrive it can not tolerate intolerance. As such this literary commentary will explore to what extent this is true, and applicable in Pakistani society. Pakistan as a country guarantees freedom of expression, speech and press(article 19, certain restrictions), guarantees freedom of religion(Article 20) and states that all citizens are equal under the law( article 25). Despite the fact that legally all citizens are more or less protected, the reality is quite different. There is always some sort of societal persecution and intolerance towards minorities; whether they are Ahmedies, Christians, a part of the LQBTQ + community, women, different racial groups or any other minorities. Pakistan is certainly not alone in its persecution of minorities as in developing, unsecuralized countries the idea of how far tolerance should be extended is far more confusing(The idea of tolerance clashes between religion or certain interpretation of it). This can be a result of the colonial hangover, economic issues, political strategies and trigger happy media. Yet whatever resulted in our societies being as biased and prejudiced as they are, the actual question is where to go from here. How do we proceed to become a more tolerant society without endangering certain rights granted in the constitution?, is it okay to compromise the integrity of certain rights to achieve a more overall tolerant society? and just how tolerant should we be towards intolerance?. For instance people use their freedom of expression and free speech guaranteed in article 19 of the constitution to spread hate,messages of intolerance and persecute minorities. This in turn compromises the grantee of freedom of religion, granted in article 20. In such circumstances do you attempt to eradicate all intolerance, on the grounds of preserving and creating a more tolerant society as a whole?. In essence, Is the use of one's freedom to annihilate another group grounds for censorship of hate speech(an idea itself that is controversial)? . All these questions come up when discussing how a society should function and to what extent freedom of expression, toleration of beliefs should exist and whether it will lead to intolerance. These are all questions and factors that in even the most developed societies are causes for concern and in a state like Pakistan where religion and blasphemy laws are unresolved and controversial it is even more so. What remains is to see how exactly our societies are able to progress towards continued tolerance when the idea of tolerance and the way to achieve it, is itself extremely controversial.



Pakistan's incredible, yet unknown, Nobel Prize winner, Abdus In 1964, Dr. Adbus Salam founded the International Salam Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, in Shahmir Jamal Italy and served as its director until 1993.In 1974, he Born on the 29th of January, 1926, to parents Chaudhry Muhammad founded the International Nathiagali Summer College Hussein and Bibi Hajira Hussien, Abdus Salam would go on to become (INSC) to promote science in Pakistan. the first Pakistani to become a Nobel laureate, for his work that would inevitably lead to the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012.His life’s Thanks to the contributions of Salam, Sheldon work was key to defining a theory of particle physics still used today. Glashow, and Steven Weinberg, in 1968, these two After receiving the highest marks ever recorded for the Matriculation forces were unified to one single one, called Examination at the University of Punjab, his whole town turned out to electroweak. The theory predicted that weak force welcome him. Because of this achievement he won a scholarship to a manifests itself in \"neutral weak currents\" when Government College, The University of Punjab, and he took his MA in certain elementary particles interact. This was later 1946. In this same year he was also awarded a scholarship at St. John’s confirmed, and cemented his position as the first College in Cambridge where he took a BA with a double in Pakistani Nobel laureate in history. mathematics and physics. In 1950 he received the Smith’s Prize from He left Pakistan in 1974 in protest of a new Cambridge University for the most outstanding pre-doctoral constitutional amendment, which declared Ahmadis contribution to physics. (the religion he practiced) to be non- muslims He also obtained a PhD in theoretical physics, and published his thesis On his gravestone was written the statement “Became in 1951, which contained fundamental work in quantum the first Muslim Nobel Laureate for his work in electrodynamics. This gained him an international reputation. He Physics.” In 2014, the word ‘Muslim” was erased by returned to Pakistan in 1951 and taught mathematics at Government the authorities. College, Lahore, and in 1952 he became the head of the Mathematics One just cannot deny the work and achievements of Department of the Punjab University. Dr.Salam in the field of physics no matter what his To understand why Salam’s work is so renowned, we need to touch on religious beliefs were . He was a genius who opened some basics first. In modern physics, there are four fundamental forces, the field of particle physics which earned him a nobel the electromagnetic force being one of them. Another force, called the prize. In 1997, The International Centre for weak force is responsible for the decay of nuclei as an example. Theoretical Physics (ICTP) was renamed , \"Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical In early 1961, Dr. Salam approached the then President to lay the Physics\".Dr.Salam also founded the Third World foundations of Pakistan's first executive agency to coordinate space Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and was a leading research. By executive order on 16 September 1961 the Space and figure in the creation of a number of international Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) was established centres dedicated to the advancement of science and with Salam founding director. Salam immediately signed a space co- technology. Although Salam left Pakistan, his heart operation agreement with the US Government. In November 1961, always stayed close to his home.Abdus Salam died NASA built the Flight Test Center in Balochistan Province. Salam on 21 November 1996 at the age of 70 in Oxford, signed another agreement with NASA, which launched a programme to England, from progressive supranuclear palsy. provide training to Pakistan's scientists and engineers. Both nuclear he was loved by his colleagues and students equally, engineers returned to Pakistan and were inducted into SUPARCO. Ghulam Murtaza a professor of plasma physics at the Government College University and student of Dr.Salam, wrote: When Dr. Salam was to deliver a lecture, the hal l would be packed and although the subject was particle physics his manner and eloquence was such, as if he was talking about literature. When he finished his lectures, listeners would often burst into spontaneous applause and give him a standing ovation. People from all parts of the world would come to imperial college and seek Dr. Salam's help. He would give a patient hearing to everyone including those who were talking nonsense. He treated everyone with respect and compassion and never belittled or offended anyone. Dr. Salam's strength was that he could \"sift jewels from the sand\"

He wrote many books on mathematics, laws of physics and fundamentals of science. He not just won awards for his contributions he made in the field of quantum physics a lot of awards, grants and institutions are named after him. He once said: “The creation of Physics is the shared heritage of all mankind. East and West, North and South have equally participated in it.” Awards won by Dr. Salam · Hopkins Prize (Cambridge University) for “the most outstanding contribution to Physics during 1957-1958” · Adams Prize (Cambridge University) (1958) · First recipient of Maxwell Medal and Award (Physical Society, London) (1961) · Hughes Medal (Royal Society, London) (1964) · Atoms for Peace Medal and Award (Atoms for Peace Foundation) (1968) · J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Medal and Prize (University of Miami) (1971) · Guthrie Medal and Prize (1976) · Matteuci Medal (Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome) (1978) · John Torrence Tate Medal (American Institute of Physics) (1978) · Royal Medal (Royal Society, London) (1978) · Einstein Medal (UNESCO, Paris) (1979) · Shri R.D. Birla Award (India Physics Association) (1979) · Josef Stefan Medal (Josef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana) (1980) · Gold Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Physics (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague) (1981) · Lomonosov Gold Medal (USSR Academy of Sciences) (1983) · Copley Medal (Royal Society, London) (1990)



Hip Hop and its significance to African American - There is alternative hip-hop (BROCKHAMPTON - Culture SATURATION,) Tyler, The Creator - IGOR), which is By Muhammad Siddiqui a combination of all those genres. This musical Hip Hop is a genre of music created by inner city diversity has played a key role in introducing people african americans, in the Bronx, focusing on to new types of music, that they may have otherwise rapping, and because of its roots, hip hop has never have found while also carving a space for always been distinctly black, and therefore it’s black artist’s to properly make their way into a become a vessel for black people, a minority, to genre they otherwise would be marginalized in. properly express themselves musically in a way And this musical diversity has led to a lot of they otherwise couldn’t, and given the history of different people from different walks of life, the race, it ultimately usually comes down to creating music, and influencing mainstream discussions of race and racism in general. culture, and combat a certain perception of Kendrick Lamar, one of the most popular and “blackness” that makes people so alienated from acclaimed modern rappers of our time, their own identity. As rapper Tyler, the Creator describes the way black people have been once said, \"when [young kids] are just being curious, historically exploited by white people in his song and someone that look like them, says you not us The Blacker the Berry; “You hate me, don't you?, cause you doing that, or don't do that cause you not You hate my people, your plan is to terminate my us, bro they look in the mirror, and their brains culture, You're fucking evil, I want you to going like, bro you cannot do that.\" For kids like recognize that I'm a proud monkey, You these the only solace they have and way to come to vandalize my perception but can't take style terms with their identity is rap music. For example, from me, And this is more than confession, I Tyler, The Creator himself went through this, often mean I might press the button just so you know talking about how rapper Pharell Williams helped my discretion, I'm guardin' my feelings, I know him come to terms with his own identity “Being 15, that you feel it, You sabotage my community, black and not really \"Interested\" in what the makin' a killin' You made me a killer, majority of my peers were into, [Pharell’s music] emancipation of a real n*gga”. Lamar’s made me feel safe. I was optimistic, always discography in general explores themes of race, daydreaming and setting goals so I felt you were and culture, and in a time where racism still directly speaking to me.``, a message he’s tried to poisons American Culture (the murder of further spread, as can be seen in his song Where George Floyd and Breonna Taylor), and is just as This Flower Blooms, “Tell these black kids they prominent in its previous forms (slavery, could be who they are Dye your hair blue, s**t, I'll segregation & the JIm Crow Laws), songs do it too”. Ultimately, hip hop is important to black like these are only more important in serving as people because it gives all types of black people a anthems of protest and defiance, from and for chance to express themselves, it gives them a voice the people directly affected by the issues.Aside they as a minority would otherwise not have, and in from just lyrics however, musically, Hip hop is turn helps tons of kids just like them come to terms different from other genres in that instead of with their own identity. having a certain sound or style,hip hop is very diverse, with a variety of different musical styles Why is Globalization so important to Art? and subgenres. There’s sample based hip-hop (Kanye West - The College Dropout, Madvillainy By Mahliqa Burki - Self Titled), which uses samples (a small section/sample of a pre-existing song) to create a Globalization, a word you hear throughout your beat, jazz rap (Tyler, the Creator - Flower Boy), daily life, so of course, it must be important, and as which fuses jazz drums and chord progressions you guessed it is. Globalization by definition means with hip hop’s lyricism, experimental hip hop \"Globalization, or globalisation, is the process of (Death Grips - The Money Store, Danny Brown - interaction and integration among people, Atrocity Exhibition, Earl Sweatshirt - Some Rap companies, and governments worldwide.\", provided Songs), which takes a more experimental view by Wikipedia. Globalization has greatly affected the of hip hop, using loud abrasive sounds, and way people live, think, or even view the world. This unconventional sounds, and lastly- difference of view of course made its way to the art community and changed art as a whole.

One of the most notable ways it affected the art which housed large statues of said God it was community was the development of a new constructed for. The location of these temples were \"genre\" of art per se called Contemporary art. used to express the character of the God, for Contemporary art emerged as a reaction to and example, because Poseidon was the God of the sea, what came out of globalization. The reason the temple dedicated to him was built near the behind this is that globalization and water. Different forms of art such as pottery, widespread trading brought in different mosaics and sculptures also started getting cultures, from many different regions, these influenced by Greek mythology. cultures then seeped into the art community. This, in turn, made it difficult for modernist Around 400 BCE, religious depiction became a artists at the time to rethink their ideologies on cornerstone of Ancient Greek sculpture, and art as a whole and to try and find a common different styles started to emerge. Praxiteles; a ground with other artists. There were many sculptor in Ancient Greece, introduced a new way to ways they tried but some of the most notable present the human figure. He was well known for were through the language of mass media, this portraying the Gods in human form, in a soft and included photography, documentary, and relaxed state. Their belief encouraged them to video, amount other things, these subjects were create artworks dedicated to the Gods. For example, understandable to all. The other most notable the battles from their religion were depicted in method was being in the same time. this sculptures by Phidias. He also portrayed different encouraged artists to draw subjects based on scenes from the Goddess; Athena’s life. Their belief the problems specific to the time and how we as that she was the goddess of wisdom and war led to a society engaged with them. Art has not just the temple dedicated to her being built on the rocky impacted the way art is as a whole but also art Athenian Acropolis which was a symbol for the has become a new resource used by people such goddess’ strength and also led to many sculptors as in posters, websites, advertisements, often portraying her in full armor while holding a propaganda by the government, etc. Examples spear. of this are as an ideological tool or even by Greek mythology also influenced the way Apollo; businesses. Globalization really generalized (the God of music and prophecy) was portrayed art and made people have a general consensus through art. The stories of Apollo led to him being on it. This made art a very important part of represented by the kithara; an ancient form of our lives from jobs, ways of thinking, guitar. education, everything really. During this time, many great works of art were The influence of Greek Mythology on The created through which we can better understand Ancient Greek Art of Sculpting. Ancient Greece and how they influenced art. The By Alinah Danish sculptures give us a better understanding of the myths, their culture and their beliefs at the time. Greek mythology,the religion of this ancient culture, was a popular inspiration for many artists in Ancient Greece which has been expressed through art from the late- Mycenaean times. It has since been found in many significant artworks. There have been imagery of centaurs, sirens and scenes of battles that have been portrayed in these artworks. Elements from Greek myths were borrowed and then adapted into different art forms such as sculptures. In order to honor their Gods, the artists created artwork that carried influences from Greek mythology, they built temples which housed large statues of said God it was constructed for. The location of these temples

MENTAL HEALTH & Awareness

A Look at Mental Health Around the World The second reason is that China has failed to Momina Rizvi educate the public and effectively provide them with the resources or facilities that meet the fastly While the World Health Organization was studying growing needs of the public. One other reason mental health, they discovered that 1 in every four people won’t go seeking help is due to the fact that people would directly be affected by a mental there are so many unlicensed psychologists that illness at some point or time in their lives. These pose as doctors or counselors and practice forced statistics prove that mental health undoubtedly mental institutionalization. In 2013 the first affects us all in one way or another. In today’s date, mental health law in China was passed advocating we are just now beginning to understand and the protection and rights of mentally ill citizens become aware of mental health's role in our day-to- and goals to strengthen China's mental health care day lives, despite the crucial relevance of this system matter. The way mental health is approached, handled, and given priority differs immensely United States: Statistics show that 1 in 5 people in worldwide; in this case study, I will be talking about the United States suffer from at least 1 mental three different countries and their approaches on illness or disorder, Even in a first world country this matter. like the US there is still a lot of stigma around the Pakistan: Mental health in Pakistan has always topic of mental health and 60% of those people been a taboo topic or a topic of debate, as the world won't seek treatment out of the fear of being is evolving and mental health is being talked about stigmatized, but in the past couple years there has more the view on mental health still hasn’t changed been a change and mental wellness is being talked in the eyes of our population especially the older about a lot more and people are more comfortable generation. The younger generation understands with the topic, Celebrities and influencers are also the severity and gravity of this issue so nowadays advocating the significance of self-care and there are more initiatives working towards the mental health to foster and promote a more eradication of the stigma around mental health but proactive environment. Compared to Pakistan there still hasn’t been a visible change. Pakistan’s and China there are also a lot more resources mental health policy and the mental health plan available to the general public in the US. haven’t been revised since 2003. In the past 5 years, there has been a vast increase in suicide rates, All of these statistics prove that mental health or depression, and anxiety rates in minors. Due to the the idea of your mental wellbeing isn’t prioritised persistent wave of violence, political turmoil, and as much as it needs to be since it’s such a pressing social injustice in society a range of psychiatric matter, and one of the biggest reasons is the disorders have been reported, such as depression, stigma around it, which is why we all need to take substance, and alcohol misuse, schizophrenia, a step forward and promote the positive influence bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress of taking care of your mental wellbeing. disorder. The role of some NGOs in Pakistan is to spread awareness and provide resources to the Add a little Effect of Cultural Acceptability of public but they have no comprehensive strategy for Displaying Emotions in Different Countries on the promotion of mental health issues China: Considering China is an extremely fast- Mental Health forward advanced country when it comes to mental By Mahroush Mahmud health they have a long way to go as a large number “According to WHO figures, in developing of their population is in need of proper care and countries like Pakistan, one percent of the accessible facilities. Studies show that over 100 population suffers from severe and 10% from mild million Chinese people live with some sort of mental disorders” Culture is a factor that has mental disorder and only under 6% of that number been held responsible for shaping human will seek treatment. There are 2 main reasons most behavior as they gain knowledge, languages, people won’t seek treatment, one of them being the customs, and traditions. It becomes a significant stigma around mental health, which has been part of people’s lives, influencing their opinions, instilled in their brains from a young age through lifestyles, fears and relationships. However, with society and media that seeing a therapist or seeking most cultures comes stigma. Mental health and help makes you “crazy” when that is not the case at illness is a topic surrounded with taboos. all.

The stereotypes that exist against prejudice and Where treatment is not available, people have discrimination in opposition to certain community been shown to avoid their upsetting thoughts members from different ethnic or cultural groups, rather than expressing their distress and trying to has remained an obstacle to improving the quality seek help. of life for people with mental health issues. These obstacles and taboos may also influence Culture is linked to mental health challenges on how people choose to express their emotions, several different levels. Culture affects the way in leading to cultural differences in those displays of which people describe their symptoms; whether said emotion. It is a known fact that different they choose to describe their emotional or groups of humans have evolved to adapt to their physical symptoms. It reflects how and whether respective environments. One example is how, in people choose to only selectively and carefully many Asian cultures, societal unity takes present symptoms in a “culturally appropriate” precedence above individual gain, but in most of way that won’t reflect badly on them and affect Europe and the United States, self-promotion and their place in society. Furthermore, cultures self realisation takes priority. People from the differ in the level of concern they express for United States are more likely to display negative mental illness patients. Every culture has its own emotions both alone and in public, whereas way of understanding the concept of mental Japanese people are more inclined to do so solely health; whether mental illness is real or imagined, when they are alone; this is due to the acknowledging the people at risk, what causes it, introduction of stigma in social communities, and the level of stigma that surrounds it. Based on people with mental illness may avoid seeking their respective cultural beliefs, people then necessary treatment. It can lead to increased decide accordingly how they plan to cope with suicidal behavior in people with mental illness as mental illnesses and whether they will seek well as social ostracism, hopelessness, and make treatment. Where treatment is not available, them prone to prejudice and discrimination. people have been shown to avoid their upsetting Minorities situated in the U.S. are less likely to thoughts rather than expressing their distress seek treatment for mental health problems. This and trying to seek help. is largely attributed to the discrimination and racism they may potentially face, and a fear of These obstacles and taboos may also influence being mistreated due to said discriminatory how people choose to express their emotions, assumptions. In rural Pakistan, if an individual leading to cultural differences in those displays of develops a mental illness, it is believed that he is said emotion. It is a known fact that different either a victim of the devil or possessed by evil groups of humans have evolved to adapt to their spirits. respective environments. One example is how, in Negative attitudes held by the public towards many Asian cultures, societal unity takes people with mental illness are based on their lack precedence above individual gain, but in most of of awareness and may largely be influenced by the Europe and the United States, self-promotion and lack of representation from the media. Campaigns self realisation takes priority. People from the increasing awareness about mental illness are United States are more likely to display negative effective in reducing stigma, and if implemented, emotions both alone and in public, whereas could benefit societies worldwide. As a result, Japanese people are more inclined to do so solely stigma should be less widespread among when they are alone; this is due to the difference healthcare professionals who are familiar with in cultural mindsets and social progressiveness mental problems. However, health professionals' between the two countries. The differences in negative opinions toward physical and mental culture are also reflected in the social disease are very similar to those of the general consequences linked with the expression of public. Despite their awareness of mental different emotions. For example, in the Utku diseases, negative stereotyping still exists among Eskimo population, the expression of anger can mental health professionals.This is another factor result in social exclusion. Due to the introduction that prevents people from seeking help, as they of stigma in social communities, people with feel that they may not be accepted, even by mental illness may avoid seeking necessary professionals who should be there to help them treatment. overcome these challenges rather than making them worse.

It can lead to increased suicidal behavior in people Because of its impact on workers and with mental illness as well as social ostracism, communities, every employer should consider hopelessness, and make them prone to prejudice accessible and inclusive mental health both a and discrimination. Minorities situated in the U.S. moral imperative and a new strategic priority. are less likely to seek treatment for mental health Now is the time to take action to close long- problems. This is largely attributed to the standing gaps and disparities in mental health discrimination and racism they may potentially care. As put into words by Dan Gillison, the CEO face, and a fear of being According to WHO, in of the National Alliance on Mental Illness developing countries like Pakistan “mental (NAMI): “The effect of racism and racial trauma disorders contribute more than 4% in total disease on mental health is real and cannot be ignored. burden, with mental health burden higher among The disparity in access to mental health care in women.” communities of color cannot be ignored. The The question remains; why are mental illnesses not inequality and lack of cultural competence in taken seriously? Since mental health disorders are mental health treatment cannot be ignored.” not being readily accepted and treated with the As employers strive to market racial equality, same enthusiasm and concern as physical disorders they have to concentrate on psychological state and other illnesses, the treatments and help in both the workplace and their communities. available to counter it is low. With societies all over There are several important steps you'll be able the world, and especially Pakistan, attaching to take: stigmas to mental illnesses has made people think that they would be considered “abnormal\" if they 1. Focus on the intersection of mental state and ever seek help. Instead of providing help to those inclusion who suffer, societies make them uncomfortable and Mental health, Diversity and inclusion (D&I) invalidate their realities. Where can we start to are closely connected. Employees from diverse promote the positive image of mental health in our backgrounds can face lack of representation, own society? microaggressions, unconscious bias, and other stressors that impact their mental state and The essential role of mental health for a diverse and psychological safety at work. As a result, initiatives that support diversity, inclusion, and inclusive workplace belonging can even support psychological state By: Mydah Azhar – and contrariwise. As employers deepen their concentration on D&I and racial justice, they In response to the global protests for racial justice, must ensure employees from diverse employers around the world are highlighting backgrounds have the psychological state their commitment to social inclusion and equality. To support they have, from employee resource meet this goal, agencies need to make sure that groups to counseling services to psychological personnel of all backgrounds get admission to mental state screening tools. This may be a vital health support, a project that has been disregarded element of effective D&I strategy and for too long. Recent acts of racism and violence, as investment. well as the health disparities caused by COVID19, are 2. Educate and empower managers affecting mental health. One study found that Managers are often the “first responders” to symptoms of anxiety and depression in African handle mental state in a very time of crisis. Americans and Latino communities tripled this year, Training, educating, and empowering peaking after George Floyd's murder. COVID 19 managers to steer on both psychological state health disparities are also to blame, as African and americans and Latinos are three times more likely to inclusion – and the way the 2 intersect – can be infected with Covid19 than white Americans and speed needed support to employees from nearly twice as likely to die from the virus.African diverse backgrounds. Managers could also be Americans and Latinos are more likely to get covid as within the best position to handle these they don't have the required resources. Outside the sensitive issues with individual employees, United States, racial justice protests are spreading helping to answer questions, address around the world and spurring calls to action concerns, and direct people to the most globally. effective available resources.

3. Improve access to culturally competent care There are striking disparities in access to mental state care within the U.S Asians are 51% less likely to use psychological state services than whites, Latinos are 25% less likely, and Blacks are 21% less likely. A spread of things contribute to those gaps, including stigma, discrimination, lack of coverage, and a shortage of providers, especially those from diverse backgrounds. For instance, Black, Latino, and Asian psychologists – combined – account for fewer than 20% of the full number of psychologists within the U.S. Employers can bolster access to inclusive, effective psychological state services for all employees. Organizations should leverage their influence to push for health systems, insurance networks, and policy decisions that deliver culturally competent mental state care. Employers may help to develop, pilot, and scale digital health tools that address disparities in access, particularly because the COVID-19 pandemic accelerates a shift towards telehealth services. 4. Moving from words to action Businesses, non-profits, governments, and societies are coming together in an unprecedented, global movement for racial justice. We must recognize the essential role of mental state during this conversation and commitment. As employers move from words to actions, they'll concentrate on mental state as an important need at the guts of this challenge. In conclusion, employers must focus on their employee’s psychological state in the workplace and we must raise awareness about the role of mental health for a diverse and inclusive workplace.

JUNIOR WRITERS

Can Videogames Be Educational? Personally, if you play within limits and guidelines, Rania Khan I think all games can be educational in some way. As I said before, there is so much we can learn Video games are something that almost all of us have through them. They can teach us skills and also been forced to stop playing various times, and have facts. Many educational applications made to teach been the reason behind many scoldings. But what if kids can become really boring but when the same they actually made us smarter? Can video games be things are taught through games, learning educational for us? Maybe they can. becomes fun and exciting. There are lots of distinct genres of video games. Some So, in the end, I personally think that if we follow are educational, some are not. But even the games that the right rules and play appropriate games while we believe don't teach us anything, may be educational staying within the limits set out by our parents, in some way or the other. Just like simulation games video games are advantageous and can be really teach us basic skills like cooking, cleaning, and more. educational for us, which is certainly comforting to Some games give us recipes, while other games teach know (especially for parents!). us about manners. A lot of games these days teach us coding and creating algorithms, which is advantageous Climate Change: Is It Too Late? as coding is very relevant in the 21st century. By Naayl Bedaar While many parents think that we are wasting time, For the past few years, global warming has some experts think we might be learning important continued to rise and rise and still is to this day. skills like collaboration while playing with others The smoke and gases coming from factories are online, coordination, by making quick analyses, and especially harmful to the earth and the decision making – all of which are very relevant to atmosphere. Usually, 30% of the rays from the sun today’s world. Studies show that playing video games do not enter the earth’s atmosphere, however, as a encourages critical thinking, improves motor skills result of global warming, all of it is entering the and promotes social skills like leadership and online atmosphere. games can teach team building. They teach us This is also causing the North Pole and ice caps to problem-solving, logic, and puzzle-solving. melt, as well as the Earth’s temperature continuing We can develop confidence and be more open to to rise higher every single day. Lands all over the meeting all sorts of new people because we meet so world are becoming drier every day. That is the many people from different backgrounds online clear definition of global warming, and we as a (although we MUST be careful who we become friends community need to stop it. You might be asking, is with and share personal information with!). Kids and it too late? Well, the answer is no. If we all start parents, or siblings and friends can bond over a game changing our behaviors and stop ourselves from while playing together. Games also promote new continuing with activities that harm the earth, we technology and its exploration while teaching us how can make a difference. One such practice would be to be persistent and patient in a game in which we have to start using hybrid cars or carpooling more often. been given tasks to complete. Some games can be just Another option is to increase the use of public average fun and some can be entirely based on transport, although that is more readily available knowledge, but still be a lot of fun to play. in First World countries. Making people aware on They can help us make good strategic decisions and social media about global warming and spreading enhance our ability to calculate. A lot of video games the word can also make a remarkable difference. teach financial skills and teach us how to manage our The Ozone layer is a part of the atmosphere that online “money” properly. While playing games that has been damaged by us humans and global have winners, we learn how to cope with losing and not warming. This means that more of the sun’s rays overreact when we lose in real life. are let in through the atmosphere which heats the However, although yes – games can be educational, earth and further affects climate change. there are some that are actually very harmful. Some Additionally, our carbon footprint was extremely games are really bad for mental health and encourage high, but due to the Covid 19 lockdown, our carbon bad behavior and have negative effects. All kids are footprint decreased as we were all quarantined in advised to stay away from them. That is why there are our houses. That meant reduced vehicular traffic ratings for them and come with parental guidance. which further meant less harmful fumes and According to scientists, games can also be addictive improved air quality. So in some ways, the and when a child stops playing, they end up with lockdown had a positive effect on the environment. behavioral issues and suffer from withdrawals.

If we are unable to take care of the earth in this Pakistan has a poor record in cyber security, generation, there might not even be another ranking 79th in the ITU's Global CyberSecurity generation as the earth will become a dry wasteland, Index. Pakistan's current cyber law, the if we do not act now. So as humans we should try our 'Prevention of Electronic Crime Act (PECA), is best to be active citizens and help against global poorly implemented, according to ethical hacker warming and climate change. We can save the earth and security researcher Rafay Baloch. Pakistan if we work together! will have a new cyber security policy which will include new governance and institutional framework for a secure cyber ecosystem, along with computers. Do your part, Be cyber smart! Cyber security awareness month October 2021 In order to always be safe online, here are some By Sabaoon Huma safety rules to keep in mind: Have you ever reflected on what is happening throughout the digital world? This digital world is so 1.Never share your personal information big that one cannot even imagine how many people 2.Keep your privacy settings on continue to use the internet for education, 3.Practice safe browsing advertising, business, communication and to perform 4.Make sure your internet is secure their financial transactions. But as a result of certain 5.Be careful what you download! hackers and cybercriminals, the internet is misused 6.Choose strong passwords as a tool to spread malware and carry out cyber 7.Make online purchases from secure sites. attacks. Cyber security is the practice of protecting If we continue to be safer online, we can help the computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic world's cyber security ecosystem be a better place. systems, networks from the before-mentioned cyber Additionally, making the internet a better place to attacks. Most of these digital attacks are aimed at browse and be free of hackers. So always accessing, altering, or deleting sensitive information; remember. Do your part, Be cyber smart! extorting money from victims; or interrupting normal business operations. Student Life at TNS. Cyber security began in 1972 with a research project By Ranya NasirI on Arpanet, ( The Advanced Research Projects I really did not want to come to TNS. Heck! I just Agency Network) a precursor to the internet. Bob didn’t want to change my school. I had been going Thomas created a computer program called Creeper to the same school since I was 2 years old and that that could move across ARPANET's network, leaving was the only school that I was familiar with. We a small trail wherever it went. Later Ray Tomlinson had just moved from Islamabad to Lahore and deleted the Creeper by using another program while I don’t recall much about that time, I do known as Reaper. This is the first example of an remember my mother taking me to the red brick antivirus program. building for the first time ever. I never wanted Cybersecurity Awareness Month was launched by the her to leave and clung onto her hands Nation Cyber Security Alliance and the U.S. desperately. My mom still recalls my wails and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in October tears on day one of school. 2004. All Americans were safer and secure online. Slowly it moved around the entire world. Cyber security month is held every October. Each year has a different theme. The themes are meant to emphasize a particular change in behavior to help everyone be safer online. This year the theme is, “Do your part. Be cyber smart” It is to raise awareness about the importance of cybersecurity and ensure that all individuals and organizations have the information and tools they need. Hence to prevent cybercrime such as phishing, harassment, account hacking, drug trafficking, child abuse, and credit card fraud.

I vaguely remember meeting my new classmates and even more. But I truly felt like I had arrived when I playing in the backyard. One memory that stands was selected as deputy head of the Primary years out vividly is getting dressed up as Elsa and council. In spite of the fact that I have only been a celebrating my birthday! There was a massive TNS student for a very short period of time, every Frozen cake and my teacher was also dressed up as day I feel grateful and honored to be given the Anna. We had an Olaf piñata which was a huge opportunity to be part of such a special institution. favorite with my friends. I still fondly remember And I am so glad my mom changed my school when this birthday as one of my best memories in school. she did. It was during the pandemic that my mother decided to change my school. She had been talking about it The Effect of Music on the Brain for a while and I wasn’t really sure why she wanted By Anaya Rehan to change. I always thought I was happy at the school I was at. The main drawbacks with my school were It has been said the brain is the most complex part of that they had no sports departments and no the body. It helps the human body in various ways, extracurriculars for me to participate in. And so giving us all the intelligence we need. It has the whenever I would see my brothers at Aitchison, I ability to control our behaviors and send signals to have to admit I felt rather jealous. I would go with our bodies that enable body movement. It gives us my parents to Aitchison College and cheer my our five senses. Music, on the other hand, can help brothers on at swimming galas, sports days, athletic one boost their memory. There are different types of events, and riding competitions. And I have to say, music for everything. Like for meditation purposes, even though I didn’t let anyone realise how I really there is relaxing music, and if one wants to boost felt, I was always bummed at not being given a their energy, there is upbeat rock music. chance to compete. The first time I visited TNS DHA, I was pleasantly When you are feeling low one needs slow music, surprised to see the students playing basketball on a whereas when one feels like boosting their energy court in front of the school building. During the you need upbeat music. Music can affect you in school tour, I saw a massive heated swimming pool, negative ways like damaging your ear nerves as a aerobics and gymnastics halls, and so many more result of the loud noise, and it can also promote sports facilities. I was really fascinated by all that I aggressive behaviors. Certain lyrics or melodies in saw. There were debating camps happening, music can also trigger certain chemicals in the brain student group studies, and sing-alongs taking place that can enable us to be sad. Most people listen to all over the campus. It was an energy that I had music on Spotify, which is one of the biggest audio never seen before. Nowhere had I ever seen a streaming applications in the world. campus as vibrant, as alive and as animated as this one. I met the principal, a few teachers, and the It can help with memory and lower blood pressure. students and was amazed at how happy everyone It can reduce stress, as well as improve seemed. It was honestly the happiest space I had concentration. Music can help distract people, and seen. But despite my initial positive impression, I act as an effective mood booster. It can motivate and was still worried when I joined TNS. I really had no encourage people, as well as help them relax. It has idea what to expect. its positives but can also have its negatives. It wasn’t smooth sailing from the start! Since I joined in the middle of the term, I felt a bit like I was thrown into the deep end. No one was there to guide me through the books I needed or the curriculum I had missed. Online schooling seemed like a blur and it was only during physical face-to-face schooling, that I felt I was gaining some connection to the school. But gradually, I began figuring out the school and the system. I was thrilled when sports week came along and was even more excited when I scored positions in the mask competition and the naat contest. Nothing like this ever happened at my old school which made me relish these opportunities

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