Sustainability and the Future

BOUNDLESS Sustainability & the Future April '22

Director Notes Dear Readers, We are thrilled to present the April Issue of Boundless! This issue features several excellently written articles, op-eds, and creative pieces pertaining to the theme “Sustainability and the Future”. In a constantly evolving world in which the global population is increasing at an unprecedented rate, it is extremely important to focus on sustainable development so that future generations may continue to enjoy the same resources we do. This issue features exciting written work about the future of our society, nation and planet. In this regard, please pay special attention to our Mental Health column to read a well-written article by Shehrezade Naveed. During the development of this issue, we were excited to welcome several new additions to our marketing and creative teams. The publishing process ran efficiently and our team was able to effectively counter any obstacles that were faced. The writing and editing process also became more smooth-running this month as we were able to establish an effective system of communication between the writers and subeditors. We’d like to give special thanks to our hard-working executive and creative teams for working diligently on this issue. The end product was definitely worth the time and effort put in by the entire team this month. As the Boundless team continues to grow and develop, we are extremely grateful for our readers’ support. To our readers, we hope you enjoy reading this issue as much as we enjoyed producing it! Editors-in-Chief, Anum Azhar, Manahil Fatima & Sereen Yusuf

Dear Readers, I am beyond excited for you all to read the April 2022 Boundless issue! Each issue requires a lot of hard work from everyone in the Boundless Team, particularly the Executive Team who have to put in countless hours to ensure each issue is of the highest quality. The process for creating this issue, as always, ran extremely smoothly and we were collectively able to overcome and fix any problems we faced throughout its creation. The subeditors worked hard on this issue, coming up with unique and interesting topics for the writers to write about. The writers really put their all in for this issue, writing with great skill and passion. Their articles are very well-researched and they have expressed their viewpoints excellently. This issue is truly a must-read as the articles highlight important global and local topics such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the future of mental health in Pakistan. There is definitely something in this issue for everyone to enjoy reading and learning about. I am also thrilled to present a new element we introduced in this issue, a word search! Turn to the end of the issue to find a word search with words relevant to this issue's theme, Sustainability, and the Future. The team is excited to include such an interactive and engaging element in the newspaper. I had an amazing time working on this issue and editing all of the brilliant articles the writers produced. The creation of each issue is truly done with so much love and dedication. We hope that this is exactly what is reflected in this issue. We hope you enjoy this issue and will be back to read the next one! News Editor, Salena Akbar

Dear Readers, Welcome back! We're all looking forward to diving into this issue of Boundless and being as enthused as we were by its content in the previous issue. This issue was a huge accomplishment, with our new members honing their skills and our seasoned ones improving theirs simultaneously! The Boundless Team has put in weeks of effort to bring you what you're reading right now. It's possible that the issue you're about to read is our greatest yet! Featuring stories on a wide range of topics, from lifestyle and culture to sports, the magazine is jam-packed with information. Despite the fact that the Boundless Team changed this term, the publication process went smoothly, and we were able to overcome any obstacles that arose. We look forward to bringing you more issues in the future, and we strive to continue providing you with factual, authentic, and amusing content! Taking these superbly written articles and turning them into the beautiful pages you see before you was an incredible experience. Be sure, it wasn't an easy effort! From formatting to colour swatching, each step needed careful thought and hours of labour, but it was all worth it in the end. We hope that our combined efforts result in the perfect reading experience! We'd like to express our gratitude to the entire Boundless Directorate, our Writers, and all of our Subeditors for their commitment and hard work in making this issue a reality. We hope you like this issue as much as we do! Publishing Directors, Emaan Shams & Kabir Khan

Arts & Music Eco-brutalism: controversial or This paradox is explained by the founder and functional? president of the non-profit organization Project for Public Spaces, Fred Kentm where he explains that By: Adn Ahmad “while the architecture is purporting to address the pressing ecological needs of our species and our What comes to your mind when you think of eco- planet, it is often too dismissive of the needs of brutalism? people.” This means that whilst the plants are growing on top of these buildings to make a great a) A martial arts club urban jungle, the raw concrete slabs underneath are b) A term for brutalism against the ecosystem warming the planet (and lack aesthetic appeal). One c) A 1990s rock band can conclusively say that eco-brutalism is not the d) None of the above way to control CO2 emissions. Since climate change is The answer is actually \"D\" happening in real-time and the world has drastically changed since the 1940s, eco-brutalism is redundant. Eco-brutalism is an architectural concept that puts together two contrasting topics: grim man-made To maintain the balance of nature and urban concrete buildings, and the bright green hue of the planning other architectural concepts are being plants and trees. It’s nature versus the created but the struggle to balance nature with the manufactured. Although brutalism has the word practicality of urban architecture is still an ongoing brutal in it, it doesn’t necessarily mean savage. It is pursuit by artists and engineers alike. derived from the French word ‘Béton’ brut (raw concrete). It was associated with French architect Le The Dune: sustainability and the future Corbusier who designed the Cité Radieuse in Marseilles in the 20th century. Brutalism emerged By: Muhammad Siddiqui after World War II and is rooted in the ideas of functionalism and simplicity. Dune, and the recently released Denis Villeneuve movie adaptation of Dune, both take place in the far Eco-brutalist architecture has been particularly future, in a world that while it may seem far away embraced in countries that have tropical weather. from where we are now, still faces the same Countries such as Brazil, Bangladesh, Mexico, and problems and issues that we still face. Malaysia have eco-brutalist buildings that are more artistically built than the original ones. The constant Frank Herbert, the author of the book was an humidity, rain, and tropical heat make eco brutalist ecologist, and because of this, he often laced his buildings the best choice of architecture for the books with complex themes and environmental region. Endless foliage and greenery growing on the subtext. And in a time where carbon emissions push bare white concrete not only blends into the tropical the Earth to a catastrophic tipping point, Dune, and aesthetic but can keep the buildings cool. This helps media alike, are more important than ever. save energy being burned from air conditioners and reduces the carbon footprint by lowering the While the book and film both focus on the political number of CFCs being released into the atmosphere. and social issues that occur in this universe, set against the backdrop of it all is Arrakis, a harsh Every work of art must be criticized. However, desert planet, valuable for Melange, a psychedelic within eco-brutalism exists an inherent paradox. hallucinogen, and spice which is used to enable Raw concrete, which comes from the concrete interstellar travel. Melange is an obvious allegory for industry, is one of the main producers of CO2. Oil, and Arrakis for the middle-east, a part of the Concrete can cause soil erosion, contaminate water, world valuable for its oil, exploited by Western and cause flooding, resulting in increased global countries (in, Dune The Galactic Padishah Empire), in warming. The criticism doesn’t end there. Many the name of profit. would argue that eco-brutalism with its “in your face” raw concrete functionalism, is a bland, stark, At one point in the film, it’s suggested that efforts to and dystopian aesthetic. The brutalist aesthetic is make Arrakis a more sustainable and hospitable typically described as post-apocalyptic, massive, and environment were made but were eventually futuristic; with plants as its only saving grace. abandoned in the name of greed. A similar, perhaps even worse scenario takes place in the Middle East - a region with aspirations of becoming sustainable

and “going green” but still relying on fossil fuels to Sustainability within the artistic power its countries, and creating small “sustainable medium itself villages” in a car-centric city. The hypocrisy is obvious and it’s all done for show, but at a certain By: Maryam Hashmi point, we have to stop doing things just for show, and make a decision: we can either save this planet Paper helps bring creativity and inspiration to life. It or destroy it. is recyclable, biodegradable, and compostable. Paper is a huge part of our lives and some form of paper is Eventually, Paul Atreides, the political leader of used by us every day in the form of books, tissues, Arrakis is faced with a choice. Continuing to mine newspapers, and cash. Also, when takeaway food is Melange takes a devastating toll on the environment ordered, it usually arrives in paper board packaging. and people of Arrakis, and instead of continuing to The list goes on and on! mine Melange, and hurt Arrakis’ people, Paul promises to “help make Arrakis a paradise with the In this article, I will be discussing the ways in which wave of a hand”. paper has become an artistic medium and has inspired us to create meaningful works of art. It's not It’s a similar choice we’re faced with today. If we only a surface for paintings, sketches, and drawings, don’t take action now and stop mining fossil fuels, but also a medium for creative innovations. Let us we’ll face dangerous levels of global warming by look at a couple of examples for better 2027, a mere 5 years away from where we are right comprehension. now. Like Paul, we have to make a choice, we can either keep mining fossil fuels in the name of profit, Artist Jian Yang uses tissue paper to make toy and destroy our planet, or fight climate change, stop dresses. He takes the tissue paper and creates small mining fossil fuels, and pledge to make our planet a elements on each clothing piece he makes. Yang better place. loved collecting dolls when he was young. The medium he uses is tissue, tape, and toilet paper. With Herbert wrote Dune fifty-seven years ago, and yet tissues, he dressed up his large collection of dolls. His the same issues we faced then are still ones we face amazingly complex and detailed wedding dresses today. We’ve known about climate change for require patience and perseverance to create. He got almost 85 years, and yet we’ve barely done or this idea from being stuck in his hotel one night. In accomplished anything to fight it. There is no future playing with toilet paper, he rolled a rosette that he where we can continue to mine fossil fuels without then stuck on his travel doll. He got inspired by this harming the environment, and there is no and started to replicate it. People call this artwork environmentally friendly way to use non-renewable 'sustainable fashion' because the material is eco- energy. We have to leave fossil fuels in the ground. friendly. But he isn't the only one who creates sustainable art, or is he? According to a study published this year, we need to leave the majority of the world’s fossil fuel usage if Woojai Lee is a designer who takes innovation and we actually want to fight climate change. We need to imagination to an even higher level. He has turned stop treating climate change like it’s some far-off recycled paper into bricks that can be used to build issue and give it the urgent attention it deserves. furniture! How? He turns discarded paper (such as newspaper) into a pulp, combines it with wood glue, and presses it into molds to form bricks. By doing so, he can create floor tiles, walls, and even ceilings! When someone is making bricks out of paper, we appreciate and realize the untapped possibilities that may exist. Their work serves as an inspiration to produce something constructive. It's not about how good our ideas are, but how we can put them to work. Like these artists, we can also create art with more eco-friendly materials. Let's build a better future together through environmentally friendly art!

Business How can corporate companies go for the ecosystem. Digitizing also has security benefits. Companies' private and sensitive green? information is more secure as keeping data in encrypted secure files is safer than having them on By: Moosa Saddiq paper. Additionally, managing so many paper files and documents is time-consuming and storing them With climate change awareness on the rise, is also a tedious task. Switching to the Cloud instead governments, individuals and corporate companies of having servers manage their data is a very eco- are doing what they can to be more friendly step towards sustainability as it drastically environmentally friendly. Corporate companies reduces the carbon footprint. Lastly, educating have the responsibility to be sustainable and employees on environmental management and how engage in practices that are eco-friendly to prevent their activities at work can be sustainable is an the degradation of Mother Earth and its resources. important step towards a greener tomorrow. There are many advantages for a company to go green. The obvious one is that it increases its In conclusion, if these steps are taken correctly by bottom line, which is the business term for the net corporate companies, they can move to a much more income of the company. So going green is both sustainable work environment. By practicing beneficial to the company's earnings and beneficial sustainability, corporate companies can benefit as to the environment. these actions can reduce costs, make their practice more efficient, and set an example for both other Let's talk about some ways a company can go companies and consumers to follow. green. First and foremost, ENERGY. By moving to renewable energy, companies may face a large Top 10 businesses creating initial cost of installing solar panels, shifting to sustainable products geothermal heating, or utilizing wind energy. But in the long run, these clean energy alternatives save By: Maryam Kamran money and reduce their carbon footprint. Governments are now offering tax incentives to In 2022, one of our main aims should be to make our companies that are going green which is an world sustainable for future generations. Many attractive financial benefit. So it's a win-win companies are working to make sustainable situation and a great economic incentive for products to help our Earth, but first, let's ask companies to shift to renewable energy sources. ourselves: what are sustainable products? In this Smaller companies can also take measures to save case, “sustainable” means meeting our own needs energy like installing double/triple window panes without compromising the ability of future to keep offices warm. It takes a lot of energy to heat generations to meet their own needs, or products and cool big office buildings so telecommuting is that can be maintained at a certain rate or level. another way to cut costs. People can work from Sustainable products are products that are made home, and thus cut carbon emissions by not using economical raw material that is available commuting daily to work as well as reducing the naturally. The following are a few businesses need to heat and cool big offices. producing sustainable products and doing their part in helping the planet: In today's age of digitization, it is hard to believe how much paper is still being utilized in offices. Sangre de Fruta Going paperless is not only cost-effective and can Sangre de Fruta is a Canadian company that creates save millions of dollars in the long run, but it can fully botanical hair and facial beauty products. benefit the environment. Although It is very hard to Botanical means that the products are made from put an exact number on how much paper each plant derivatives and plant parts. Sangre de Fruta office uses, it's safe to say that 70 percent of all sells products under the categories of face, hair, waste in an office is paper. Around 4 billion trees hands, and body. Some of their products include are cut down each year to make paper. So imagine shampoo, conditioner, hair elixir, face cream, face the positive effects on the environment if the world oil, and hand wash. reduces its paper consumption. One tree produces around 17 reams of paper and in the process Schneider Electric releases 110 pounds of CO2 in the environment. Schneider Electric is a French company dedicated to Trees reduce carbon emissions and are “carbon providing energy and automation digital solutions sinks” which means they absorb more CO2 from the for efficiency and sustainability. They combine environment than they produce, which is beneficial

different technologies to make solutions for homes, Nike offices and data centers such as low voltage Arguably the most famous shoe brand, Nike, has products and systems. They are one of the world's started working on using recyclable waste to make top sustainable companies because they reuse shoes and soles. Most of their soles are composed of at resources to help fight against climate change and least 50% waste material and many of Nikes facilities use fewer chemicals so that they don't harm our are powered by wind power. Their main goal is to ozone layer. reduce their carbon emissions to net-zero by 2050 through a range of targets such as reusing existing Ørsted plastics, yarns, and textiles. Ørsted is a Danish multinational energy company that provides renewable energy to places Etee throughout Denmark. They develop, construct and Etee supplies many dental, body, and household operate both offshore and onshore energy farms products. Their most known products are their with the aim of creating a world that runs Fluoride Chew Pastes. Chewpaste is no regular exclusively on green energy. Ørsted was named the toothpaste. It’s a special tablet that makes sure you world’s second most sustainable firm after don't waste any toothpaste. Their motto is “Chew, pledging to battle climate change. Brush, Smile, Repeat”. Although fluoride helps with dental care against tooth decay, it has negative effects Pela on the climate. Chewpaste is very popular as it is zero- Pela is the company that made the first ever waste, plant-based and cleans your teeth as well as compostable phone case and now creates phone any fluoride-based toothpaste would. cases that are made of 100% recyclable materials. They are solving a huge problem in the phone Tentree industry which is using cheap, polluting plastics in Tentree is a clothing brand dedicated to making their phone cases by creating phone cases that fabulous clothing while not harming the environment. protect our environment. In addition to this, they Almost all their clothing is made of sustainable also partner with many different organizations materials. The best part is that for every single item dedicated to cleaning up the environment. you purchase, they plant ten trees! They aim to plant 1 billion trees by the year 2030. So far, they have West Paw planted an estimated amount of 73,334,342 trees. West Paw is a company that makes dog products like food, toys, and other pet supplies. Instead. of These companies are making great improvements for using fabric or fluff, they use eco-fiber which is the environment, you can too! Every step matters, made of recycled products. They have taken 12.6 even if it's a small. Some ways to help the million plastic water bottles out of landfills and environment daily include: recycled them into dog products. Buy sustainable products Numi Organic Tea Recycle or donate unneeded things instead of Numi Organic Tea is a company that creates teas throwing them away sourced straight from nature with pure organic tea Save energy leaves, herbs, flowers, and spices. Numi has a range Use your car less if it's not electric of sustainable practices which are highlighted Don't use plastic bags and switch to using tote bags through their 5-step climate action plan. Their steps include mentioning the carbon footprint of each product on its packaging to allow consumers to make informed choices and hold the company accountable for future reductions. They are also a climate-neutral certified business that wants to offset their annual emissions by helping producers transition to renewable energy and using regenerative practices like cover cropping. Seventh Generation Seventh Generation is an American company that sells eco-friendly cleaning supplies such as laundry detergent, body care items, dish care and baby care. Seventh Generation was started in 1988 and ever since has worked on accomplishing its goal of being eco-friendly.

Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine across all industries and have created many conflict on global markets difficulties for anti-Russia nations too. Almost every European country (including the UK, Germany, and By: Nyle Kamran France) depends on Russia for oil and gas. Oil and gas are the most valuable commodities in the modern On 24th February 2022, Russia began its invasion world and suddenly losing your major source of these of Ukraine. It was a wildly unprecedented event commodities has proven to be very economically that left nations around the world in shock. For taxing. Countries that have placed sanctions on Russia many, this incident rang the detrimental bells of have suffered major losses. Trade relations have World War 3 and put Ukrainian locals in peril. dismantled and the governments of European countries are being forced to look for new avenues of Now, before I discuss the consequences of this procuring oil and gas. conflict, I would like to shine some light upon the cause. In a pre-dawn TV address on 24th February, One can argue, however, that most major economies the Russian president, Putin remarked that Russia rely very little on Russian imports. After all, America's could no longer feel ‘safe, developed and exist’ imports consist of only 2.4% Russian goods. But that is because of what he claimed to be a threat from all null and void when dealing with oil/gas prices. Oil modern Ukraine. The Russian leader was against is a globally regulated commodity and the price is not Ukraine expanding its ties with the West, set by a certain individual or entity. In fact, it is solely specifically with NATO countries. Thus, based on the relationship between supply and immediately after his TV address, Putin ordered his demand. When demand arose and supply was cut troops to march into Ukraine and destroy all (due to trade sanctions on Russia) the overall price of military bases, defense systems, airports, and radar oil/gas went up. The price per barrel of oil reached a systems. 13 year high of $130 overnight and this number is only predicted to increase as the US and Europe The uprising has rallied many in unity all across consider a ban on Russian crude oil. the world. This has led to many UN countries condemning Putin’s actions and placing political, Stocks have taken a deep dive and the global business economical, and trade sanctions on Russia. “The outlook has plunged into darkness. Paired with the world — or most of it anyway — is laying economic Covid-19 virus, companies are finding it extremely siege to Russia,” wrote Carl Weinberg, Chief hard to acquire the necessary raw material and goods Economist at High-Frequency Economics. As a needed to meet the customers’ demands as shortages, result, the exchange value of Russia’s money, the shipping delays, and higher prices have consumed the Ruble, dropped to a record low. Many Russians business world. lined up at banking machines to withdraw money, hurting Russia’s banking system. The Ruble is now worth only $0.0072, drawing the humorous eye of many as they compare the Ruble to a ‘Robux’ which is worth $0.0125. The Russian economy has crashed and many Russian businesses and banks such as Gazprom, Lukoil, Sberbank & VBT bank have suffered major losses. Despite all this, it is fair to say that the repercussions of this conflict have rippled out

Lifestyle & Culture People involved in saving the planet for environmental studies at Oberlin College. Later, he won many awards such as a Bioneers Award, a By: Safoora Khan Lyndhurst Prize and a National Conservation Achievement Award by the National Wildlife Even if one is not educated to the highest level, it is Federation. David Orr’s work has been essential to impossible you haven’t heard about climate change, developing studies about climate change and its especially with children younger than ten making impact on the environment. presentations and posters about the worrying implications that such a crisis can hold. Yet there is The Gen Z generation is internalizing climate change still the question of whether awareness is really by combating it with brutal honesty and claimed enough to combat global change in the temperature activism. They are standing up stronger than ever or whether is it time to take action. Activists play a before to powerful governments, acknowledging that major role in instigating reform, creating laws to their future is dependent on the actions they take prevent such heinous activities and the overall today to combat climate change. spread of awareness to save the planet. Greta Thunberg and David Orr are both prominent people Sustainable Fashion Culture involved in saving the planet and this essay will be exploring their lives and journeys towards activism. By: Rania Adnan Khan Greta Thunberg was born on January 3rd 2003 in If you spend any time online, you must have read Stockholm, Sweden. At the age of eleven, she was “sustainable” or “ethical” or “slow fashion” as the introduced to the issue of climate change and was latest buzz-terms being thrown around on many shocked by how little was being done to prevent it. social media platforms. But what exactly do they The situation caused her to fall into depression for a mean? “Sustainable fashion” is any clothing that is few years before she claimed positive activism. As produced in an environmentally and socially an eleven year old girl, Greta lost ten kilograms in a friendly way. In this article, I will share with you all month and began isolating herself from family and about the history of sustainable fashion and the friends. Soon after, she was diagnosed with OCD, reasons we should be promoting this type of fashion Asperger syndrome which is a type of autism and culture. selective mutism, a severe anxiety disorder where one cannot speak in certain situations. Her first Sustainable fashion culture started becoming a work was when she convinced her parents to reduce trend in the 1980s, but only became popular in their carbon emissions by turning vegan, upcycling recent times. Recent focus on climate change and giving up flying, by warning them that they resulted in its popularity growing dramatically. Also, were stealing her future. In 9th grade, she started with the rise of social media influencers, one can the movement of “Fridays for the Future” where she only imagine how fast this concept has started got millions to stand up to their government and spreading across the internet. Social media demand them to take action. Greta did this by influencers have started promoting companies that standing outside the Swedish Parliament to call for sell sustainable clothes through sponsorships. strong action to combat climate change. This movement also included many autistic and depressed activists, allowing her to give a voice to many. She rose to fame when she attended a 2019 UN climate action summit, where she gave her famous “How dare you?” speech. Afterwards, she won many awards and is a contender for the 2022 and 2023 Nobel peace prize. David Orr was born in 1944. He is an environmental studies and politics professor. After graduating from Westminster University, he has been a trustee of many organizations and foundations that help to combat climate change such as the Rocky Mountain Institute and the Aldo Leopold Foundation. In 1996, he played a major role in organizing the construction of the green Adam Joseph Lewis Center

Fashion is still one of the largest global pollutants. environment, water consumption should be limited. Producing garments in factories currently makes up Furthermore, companies should be more around ten percent of total greenhouse gas transparent about their production process by emissions around the world. Not just that, but the sharing it openly to ensure that their process truly is amount of waste being produced by low-quality sustainable, and not just a marketing campaign. “fast” fashion companies has led to individuals Because in reality, there are companies that claim throwing away out-of-fashion products frequently, they are sustainable yet don’t practice what they which is detrimental for the environment. The new claim. This makes it harder for local, small wave of sustainable fashion culture can significantly businesses which actually sell sustainable products reduce consumption and waste as brands use classic to sell their goods to the masses. designs as well as eco-friendly and durable materials. This will result in the the clothes lasting Sustainable clothing lines have been receiving loads longer and making it easy to recycle them. Buying of support from the public which helps boost their from sustainable brands can greatly reduce our sales. The industry is expected to grow to $8.25 carbon footprint, which can reduce the impacts of billion in 2023. A few examples of brands that do the global warming crisis. offer sustainable clothing are ZARA, Patagonia, Levi’s, Adidas and TOMS. Therefore, if you buy from The material used to produce these clothing items any of these companies, you are automatically should be organic and natural. Harsh chemicals helping make a change in your personal capacity. If shouldn’t be used in the fabrics. Producing these you are purchasing clothing from any company, it is clothes shouldn’t cause any more damage to the important to research their practices and ensure environment, meaning they should have net-zero that they are truly sustainable. Furthermore, one emissions. The factories should aim to create a should spread awareness about the importance of clean, fair working environment for their workers. shopping from sustainable businesses as it does have a great impact on both the climate crisis and The amount of water that is used in the production our future! process is also important to look at. To benefit the

Sustainable Diets while also protecting the environment, yet it is currently failing on both counts. By: Dua Azhar Nearly 700 million people are hungry, nearly 2 With climate change, global warming, pollution and billion are obese or overweight, and we are losing extinction rates at an all-time high, there is a dire touch with nature at a disastrous rate. People have need for us to move towards more sustainable historically changed their diets due to medical solutions in all aspects of our everyday lives. We reasons, to stay in shape or to lose weight and while face major issues in practically every country everyone can still diet because of these reasons, it is throughout the world as a result of our dietary extremely important to change dietary habits due to habits. Whether it's malnutrition or obesity, global environmental reasons as well. The following development initiatives in areas with poverty and changes can be made to our dietary habits to help disease are in jeopardy. However, what we consume the environment: endangers the climate, as well as life on land and in the oceans. Global diets and food systems, as well as 1.Consume sustainable foods – learn about your the populations who rely on them, are facing food's origins, look for certified items, and serious health and sustainability concerns, which explore local or organic options. You can make are expected to worsen overtime. better selections about quality, freshness, and nutritional value if you know where your food According to models, half of the adult population was grown and produced. Your purchases can and one-third of the total population will be also help support local economies. overweight or obese by 2030 if global eating patterns do not shift away from current diets 2.Eat more plant based foods than animals - you toward dietary patterns that are more rich in plant- don't have to go vegan to eat more plant-based based foods. Many people in middle and high meals, but should eat a higher proportion of income countries, as well as wealthier people in plant-based foods than animal-source foods. developing countries, consume far more meat and Adopting veganism helps to minimize climate other animal-source foods than is required for change and protect our global food supply by nutrition alone, putting the human body and preventing deforestation, soil degradation, and environmental health at risk. Much of it is produced greenhouse gas emissions. in an unsustainable manner. As many species are fished to critical limits or beyond, overfishing 3.Eat nutritious, minimally processed foods - fresh threatens not only our fish stocks, but also the ingredients are best, but shelf-stable and pre- entire ecosystems of the oceans. Too many of the packaged foods are acceptable. Foods that are crops we consume are produced on newly unprocessed and sourced locally, such as whole converted land and are not subject to nature- fruits and vegetables, have a lower carbon friendly production practices that safeguard soil footprint, produce less waste, and are healthier. and water health. There is no overlooking the fact Minimally processed vegetarian foods have also that the food we consume is heavily impacted by the been determined to have one of the lowest culture and traditions of the society we come from. environmental impacts, according to studies. There are certain changes that we as individuals 4.Consume a diverse and well-balanced diet - too need to make in order to live sustainable and ethical much of any one food is bad for you and the lives. It is extremely important to think about the environment. Consume a variety of foods from food that we consume because of the fact that food various dietary groups and within those groups. production accounts for over 30% of worldwide Eating a diversified range of foods benefits greenhouse gas emissions, with the livestock ecosystem services while also making farming industry accounting for nearly half (14.5%) of these systems and communities more resilient. emissions. It is the main factor resulting in the extinction of species, occupying around 40% of 5.Check your National Dietary Guidelines and look world area and using 70% of freshwater. In lakes for solutions that are both healthy and and coastal locations, it causes eutrophication sustainable. Being aware of dietary guidelines (nutrient overload) and anoxic (dead) zones. It also and how your particular country is promoting has resulted in the majority (60%) of world fish sustainable eating can be an extremely stocks being completely depleted or overfished important step into ensuring that the food that (33%), leaving behind only 7% of fish stocks that are you consume is good for the environment. under-fished. The food system must feed people Dietary changes are critical, and every one of us has the ability to contribute to the world we desire. Our plates hold the power, so fill them with healthy foods. The time for discussion has passed, it is now time to start taking action!

Mental Health &Awareness Mental Health as part of the UN mental illness for people who have been through such Sustainable Development Goals situations, like children in Palestine, who are suffering from poverty and are experiencing trauma. These By: Fatima Akber SDGs, including the one regarding mental-health sustainability, are supposed to help find treatment for Mental health has always been something diseases and to assist in the treatment of mental impacting our lives, school, work, relationships, illness to ensure a brighter future for everyone. Since physical health, and well-being. If one had terrible we can’t end violence yet, something that causes many mental health, it would negatively affect a lot of problems in the world, why not find treatments for aspects of their life. In September 2015, mental mental health which can lead to betterment in our health was an aspect the United Nations (UN) society? included in their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With this, the UN acknowledged the burden, What is the purpose of these SDGs? How will the SDGs impact, and severe effect mental health would bring benefit us and the environment in the future? to one’s life. They acknowledged the burden of These SDGs help reduce and eradicate poverty. Bad disease and mental illness and made mental health mental health, disease, and mental illness are and well-being a priority for global development. something that people in poverty particularly suffer But, what is mental health sustainability? ` from. This is because having to buy medication, and finding treatment for such illnesses is very expensive. Mental health sustainability is a way to protect your mental health and well-being over the long term. It Drug addictions caused by depression and other is the ability to provide high-value care for the mental illnesses can also cost much and land one into present and in the future to assist those suffering poverty or push them into extreme poverty just from mental illness, trauma, disease, etc. The UN because they were trying cope with their mental has incorporated mental health sustainability in illness. Many people go into poverty, lose their jobs, their SDG 3 and the UN’s mission statement is: ‘ to and lose the money they need to finance themselves ensure healthy lives and to promote well-being for and their families. NSDUH (National Survey of Drug all at all ages.’ Use and Health) has estimated 9.8 million adults suffer from serious mental health problems and 2.5 million The UN is aiding people, who have suffered from people have been put into poverty because of this. trauma due to war and people who suffer from chronic mental illnesses such as depression as well With mental health being considered a Sustainable as getting people to rehab to stop their addictions to Development Goal, it could help those 2.5 million drugs, drinking, and gambling. All of this is to people get treatment and get out of poverty and assist provide better health care and vaccines to those people suffering from poverty around the world. suffering so no one has to face the consequences of mental illness and disease, whether it be physical or With the treatment of mental illness and disease, we mental. can expect less poverty in places or regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean regions where the How does the UN’S SDGs of mental health connect to percentage of people with mental illness rates are one’s mental health? particularly high. In the future, we can expect a better As mentioned before, the UN wants to ensure well- environment, more treated people, a lower amount of being for ‘all ages’ as mental health is something people who commit suicide, and a more optimistic that impacts the way we think, act and view the future where everyone is treated and they have the world. An example could be: you’re a 10-year-old funds to support their families because of the UN’s girl/boy, who just witnessed their home being blown SDGs. We can expect less violence, less poverty, and up. You and your younger sibling are the only less stigmatization of mental illness in our society! survivors of the family and you have to escape. How would you feel after that? Most probably sad, anxious, depressed. Now you’re working on your own to support your sibling. Would you feel scared? There will be trauma linked to leaving your parents behind, running away, and living on your own. That would be an extreme example but that is how the world is. The UN is helping to find treatment

Positive habits to improve your overall feel energetic, fresh, and mentally active. Exercise not well-being only ensures our body remains fit but also keeps our mind healthy. A simple walk with your pet or daily By: Mydah Azhar morning walk is more than sufficient. The important thing is to make it a daily habit. If you are a person who remains busy with work and other matters and pays no attention to your health 5. Be Social, as Much as You Can: Isolation and lack of and well-being, you must take a break from that communication are the two biggest reasons for routine and practice healthy habits. According to a depression, mental and physical illnesses. No matter psychologist, eating well and exercising gives your how busy your family and work life is, try to dedicate body and brain instant benefits of managing stress, some time to friends and socialize with them. A depression, and anxiety. True well-being comes with human cannot stay healthy without interacting with balance, constant growth, and acceptance. Here are other people. Communicating with others lowers one's a few effective and tested ways that can help you stress level. Everyone needs acceptance and improve your wellbeing: friendship, and that is fulfilled only when you socialize with others. 1. Get Proper Sleep: It may seem to be the most common advice, but most people don’t follow the 6. Find and Practice New Hobbies: Hobbies help us basic step towards their overall wellbeing. Our body stay busy and engaged. When you have an interest in needs proper sleep and rest to heal and renew the an activity and enjoy doing it, you take healthy steps energy to function properly. This healing is essential to improve your emotional wellbeing. It also keeps for physical and mental activity throughout the day. work and daily life’s pressure off your brain. Finding Sufficient sleep regulates the hormones that are new hobbies is great for strengthening your brain and directly related to our mood and emotions. Most boosting your mood. often, when you feel an irritated or emotional imbalance, chances are that your body lacks enough 7. Learn to live in the Present: The biggest reason for sleep. An adult body needs nearly 6 to 7 hours of experiencing mood swings, depression, and anxiety sleep per day, so make sure you sleep well! are when a person remains stuck in past events. Negative self-talking such as ‘why people did this to 2. Eat a Balanced Diet: Sleep alone is not going to me’ steals not only happiness but makes the person give you the required benefits. You need to eat a miss opportunities that the present moment tries to healthy and balanced diet and ensure your body offer. Those who remain happy, smile more and try to receives enough nutrition. The food you consume keep themselves happy experience better quality of determines how healthy your inner system is. life than those who remain worried all the time. Moreover, it also helps in determining your According to a study, children laugh 200 times a day emotional health and preventing mental illnesses while adults laugh 15 times a day. Staying happy and such as depression. When your body lacks essential laughing more is essential for a quality life. nutrients, it leads to serious health problems. Furthermore, you end up facing emotional distress By trying to practice some of these positive habits, you and anxiety. Health and wellness experts suggest can easily improve your overall wellbeing and state of that you should eat fruits and vegetables in mind! Though these steps seem very minute, give sufficient amounts. Moreover, eating nuts and lentils them a shot. You'll be surprised how positive your also strengthens your heart. Try to avoid caffeine, outlook on life can be! sugar, and processed food as much as possible. 3. Expose Your Body to Sunlight: Vitamin D deficiency leads to several problems such and Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). When you are exposed to sunlight, it causes the release of endorphins also called ‘happiness hormones’ that is responsible for the productivity of the brain. So, take some time out of your routine and spend some time in the sunlight. Make sure you wear sunblock to prevent sunburn! 4. Exercise Daily: When you remain physically active and exercise daily, the blood flow improves in your entire body. With the increased blood flow, the quantity of oxygen in your body increases and you

Technology and the future of the Ayesha Imran: “It’s been about five years now since I mental health industry started practicing as a psychotherapist.” By: Shehrezade Naveed What were the driving forces in the beginning of your profession as a therapist and why choose therapy? “The psychological health care is woefully deficient in Pakistan, and the way it is managed explains why Sabeen Malik: “The main driving force for switching accessing psychological help is still taboo. Nearly careers from a financial consultant to a Therapist was one-third of the Pakistani population is suffering my daughter, Shehrezade Naveed. At the young age of from some form of mental disorder; 50% is suffering eleven, Shehrezade (who is physically challenged) from psychological distress and depression, which wrote this poem that I would like to share since it was are responsible for 90% of the total suicide cases. the major contributing factor and inspiration to Future complacency in this regard could spell become a therapist.” disaster for the public health system.” Dr. Rizwan warned in the International, The News. The poem read as - My feet may look funny Mental health is an integral and essential component My muscles may look like honey of health. It is a state of well-being in which an My walker might bump into you individual realizes his/her/their own abilities, can So please get out of my view cope with the normal stresses of life, can work If you stop to know me productively and is able to make a contribution to You will see the cool me his/her/their community. Yet the definition given by I am a fighter the World Health Organization above, is a And inside me lives a warrior completely fantastical idealized reality that we all See my inner light read in books and watch films on. The violently Which shines on so bright brutal truth is most individuals need therapy to See me for my might either cope or to survive. Therapy on the other hand, And not for the condition I have to fight. is the treatment used by therapists for dealing with emotional, physical or even mental trauma, Hina Azfeer: “I began my career as a corporate according to Oxford Dictionary. lawyer. Later, my focus on personal development drew me to the mental health realm. The exposure In the 1800s, mental well-being was practically non- this gave me to mental health struggles prompted me existent and viewed as ‘barbaric’ to treat. The to train as a psychotherapist in an effort to contribute medical hospitals firstly used to examine patients by to this space. the nature of demonic possession and used bloodsheding as a method to rid one’s body from Ayesha Imran: “My decision to become a creatures. Then mental asylums were introduced psychotherapist didn't come in a moment of blinding where shock treatment to alter the brain was very revelation. Psychology has encapsulated my life commonly known as television capitalized on it. indirectly for as long as I remember. It could be Whereas in the twentieth century, the method something as insignificant as observing people in a therapists practice therapy is mostly centered restaurant to an impromptu counseling session for a around their client where the relationship with one’s friend with emotional trauma, to being enthralled by self is explored in order to provide stability in their what shapes a personality. I felt if I really wanted to environment, this way the client feels comfortable, help people I had to be properly trained thus I chose in control rather shamed and judged. Yet due to to adopt it formally as a profession. I confess that Covid-19, the future of mental health is either during my training I learnt training really makes a blooming or sinking under the pressure of change. difference and therapy is just not simply offering advice or a shoulder to cry on as most people assume. I interviewed three highly qualified therapists in It’s more about mental awareness than mental illness their own fields of expertise: Sabeen Malik, Hina for me.” Azfeer and Ayesha Imran. The questions and answers given from each therapist are shown below: How did Covid-19 impact the way you further practiced, pursued therapy and was it an easy When did you start the profession as a therapist? transition into platforms like zoom or google meet? And how has Covid-19 affected people’s mental health Sabeen Malik: “My journey as a Therapist began six journeys either positively or negatively? years ago.” Sabeen Malik: “Covid-19 was a challenging transition Hina Azfeer: “I started practicing psychotherapy in for both therapists and clients equally. Mental health 2017.”

was on the rise and therapists were working inner and outer resources to sustain themselves overtime, not only handling their own anxieties but through this difficult time. The digital space became a those of their clients as well. Therapy looked means to connect and many families isolating different during the pandemic, moving fully online together looked to the unit for much needed or meeting with clients with masks on or doing a entertainment, discourse, support and solace.” hybrid model were major changes that therapists had to adjust to. We have been answerless when our Ayesha Imran: “The Covid-19 pandemic is a major clients wanted to know how much more we can health crisis that has changed the lives of millions take, or when all of this will end. Many of us have globally. It ranges from mild stress to severe been tucking more away and also blurring our psychological impact. Apart from the dramatic social boundaries by sharing more of ourselves than we and economic changes in daily life it has led to an ever imagined we would share with clients. The increase in anxiety, stress and depression which can pandemic taught me that being human is truly my range from mild to severe. Initially in the case of greatest asset to my clients, and the ways in which I covid-19, isolation, restricted movement and stay-at- have had to be human go against all the training I home measures to contain the spread of the infection have received. Even therapists who strive to be impacted how therapy had been pursued as well as human first and relational are learning what that practiced. I feel on the other hand, it has connected really means when we are in the thick of a shared people globally in terms of more people pursuing human experience.” online therapy (an option not considered visible earlier). Many Pakistanis abroad now pursue therapy Hina Azfeer: “Covid-19 drastically impacted from therapists in Pakistan as they feel therapists traditional in-person practice. Overnight there was a from their own country might understand the cultural shift into the digital sphere. For those clients with issues more. It has also increased a greater limited access to privacy or network access at home, understanding of diversity issues for therapists as this became a huge impediment. For many, the they are now working with people all over the world.” transition was challenging in terms of lack of comfort in digital interaction. For others, more used In conclusion, I personally believe that Covid-19 has to digital platformers, the shift was smoother. Covid- opened many doors in terms of allowing individuals 19 brought the trauma of fear for health and life the access towards therapy, in turn creating platforms exacerbated by isolation. For many of those already like zoom or google meet to give voices to concerns. struggling with mental health issues, it became a time of great distress. During isolation, victims of “Pursuing therapy has become more accessible also as domestic abuse, in particular, were deprived of any many people who didn’t have earlier to travel to the little relief social interactions or the therapeutic therapist due to distance, traffic or other reasons have space physically and emotionally offered. Yet this also started to pursue therapy regularly. On the other time of struggle and strife also highlighted the hand, online interaction can be challenging because of adaptive capacity of human beings and the the limited non-verbal communication it entails,” said resilience of the human spirit. Many relied on Ayesha Imran.

Politics & History Climate change: the real story risen by 1.2 degrees Celsius. That may seem small, but it has a huge impact on our environment as it has By: Abdullah Akber resulted in 150 endangered species dying every day, reducing global biodiversity levels. A study shows Climate change has been a topic of major debate that over 50% of the human population doesn’t even but, as of 2022, it is posing a substantial threat to know, or care about climate change, and are more the Earth and its population. A vast amount of interested in other trivial matters. But this is a very political figures have stepped up in an attempt to serious problem and world leaders should do solve the problem, but none have been able to thus something about it. Recently, everyone forgot about far. Whether we solve climate change is an issue of climate change when Russia marched its troops into debate with one significant dimension being the Ukraine. role of the media and former global leaders in their depiction of this crisis. We’ve also got another problem that began in 2019 when the Covid-19 virus broke out in Wuhan, China. First, let me give you a brief introduction to what World leaders began ignoring climate change and climate change is. Climate change is the result of focusing all of their attention and on creating a the greenhouse effect going haywire. The vaccine and quarantining their populations. The greenhouse effect occurs when we release carbon efficiency of vaccine development and lockdown dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and other measures only proved that global cooperation and greenhouse gases which thicken our atmosphere. direct action work miraculously to resolve global This may sound like a positive thing but now it has issues and if the same attention is directed towards reached a point where its effects are negative. climate change, we can resolve this crisis. Usually, while the atmosphere thickens another action takes place through the ozone layer, where Our world leaders simply don’t care. Many Pakistanis excess thermal energy bounces right off the earth have renewable energy powering their houses, but and travels back into space. they primarily bought it so that eventually they wouldn't have to pay their electricity bills. However, an excessive release of greenhouse gases has led to a phenomenon called ozone depletion. Climate change awareness was at its peak from 2008 During this process, there are holes created in the until 2017 with large numbers of published movies, ozone layer that would usually block thermal books, Ted Talks, and public announcements being energy. However, ozone depletion allows harmful made on the topic. People warned their leaders about UV rays to enter the Earth. This directly leads to a this imminent threat to humanity and started warmer climate and leads to rising sea levels as changing their habits by switching to renewable increased temperature leads to melting icecaps and energy sources, slowing the process of poaching and increases the size of our oceans. Considering the hunting animals. Although there was increased amount of land we have is already insufficient, awareness about climate change, we got distracted there is a decline in the human population due to from taking action against it due to a range of natural climate change as a result of lack of resources. calamities that were a result of climate change. As a result of ozone depletion, we are also It is evident that we as humans, get distracted quickly threatened by a solar flare, which is an explosion and are procrastinating taking action against climate from the sun that makes the 92.96 million mile change in hopes that this crisis will be resolved on its journey from the Sun to Earth. If a solar flare does own, but it has been long enough. We can’t keep hit Earth, then it would damage our electronics sitting back and not doing anything. We cannot let badly and would cause satellites to fall back to our planet be destroyed. We should focus on saving Earth. This is why climate change poses such a and preserving it now, not exploiting it any further. huge threat, and everyone thinks if they try to fix it by themselves they’ll become superheroes, when really, what we should be doing, is working together. Now with this global crisis in play, some of the most irrational decisions have been made as well which will be further discussed. Climate change means that the earth is getting warmer. 2 decades ago, the temperature was much cooler. Now in 2022, it has

The impact of past climate change The IPCC has been central to the subsequent debates action and processes around the development of climate change policies. Its first assignment report in 1990 fed By: Daud Azfar into the drafting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1991 (signed by 160 In 1896, a Swedish scientist named Svante nations). Although the UNFCCC didn’t contain any Arrhenius published a new idea that was met with specific targets to curb greenhouse emissions it set out much opposition. He said that as humans burn fossil key points that have been critical for future processes. fuels like coal, which added carbon dioxide to the Like the need for countries to monitor greenhouse Earth’s atmosphere, we would end up raising the emissions, an objective of stabilizing the climate, and planet’s average temperature. This ‘greenhouse particular concern for developing countries. Overall, effect’ seemed impossible with scientists finding this was quite a disappointment for many many technical reasons arguing that these human environmentalists as it contained nothing tangible but emissions couldn’t impact the climate. Most thought it was an important start and set out a framework. it was obvious that puny humanity couldn’t affect the vast climate cycle and so in any case, major Following the absence of specific targets in the climate change seemed impossible except over UNFCCC, a Conference of Parties in Kyoto, Japan was thousands of years. convened where delegates agreed on certain goals known as the Kyoto Protocol. It established emissions Alas, the events witnessed over the next century targets for developed countries for 2008-2012. The US would paint a very different picture. In the 1930s, and Australia argued that developed countries also people realized that the North Atlantic region had needed to limit their emissions. The Kyoto Protocol warmed significantly over the previous 50 years. was ultimately a failure because of the exclusion of Scientists supposed this was just a phase of some developing countries from binding targets which natural cycle, with some unknown cause. A lonely included China which is the greatest emitter of voice, an engineer by the name G.S. Callender greenhouse gasses as well as the subsequent refusal of insisted greenhouse warming was on the way, and the US to sign up. Meaning, some 75% of global in 1950 his claims provoked a few scientists to look emissions were outside the management and into the claim with improved techniques and assessment of the protocol. calculations. Many COPs followed but the main problem remained. These studies showed that carbon dioxide could There was no legally binding treaty for the majority of indeed build up in the atmosphere and should cause nations and none at all post-2012 and this problem warming. Over the next decade, further research persisted despite a number of important showed that grave climate change could happen and arrangements following the Cancun Agreements like calculations in the 60s suggested that average the Green Climate Fund and the Forest Management temperature would increase a few degrees in the Reference Levels. Disappointingly, it was decided that next century. Groups of scientists that reviewed the a legally binding treaty would be agreed upon in 2015 calculations found that they were plausible but that and implemented in 2020. there was no need for any policy action, just more research to better figure out what was going on. And so, the world’s representatives convened in Paris in 2015 at COP21 where they agreed on a legally By the late 70s, the global temperature was once binding international treaty on climate change with again on the rise, and awareness about global 196 parties signing. It set out a global framework to warming and the fear of rising methane levels limit global warming to well below 2 degrees. With contributing to it inflamed public worry about the countries producing NDC which determined their fragility of the atmosphere. 1988 saw the hottest plans to deal with climate change by 2020 and summer on record and an international meeting of creating systems for developed countries to support scientists warned that the world should take active developing ones. However, this landmark agreement steps to cut greenhouse emissions. Around the same is failing with only a handful of African nations like time, many global climate conferences were set up Morocco and Ethiopia on track to meet the 1.5-degree to investigate and decide on measures to take to goal. The failure of the Accord is that there is no clear prevent a climate catastrophe. incentive for massive emitters like China and India to curb their emissions and so the Accord simply hasn’t Most notably, the International Panel on Climate been abided by. Although since then, several countries Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the World have realized the seriousness of the issues and have Meteorological Organization and the UN pledged net zero in the next decade or years following Environmental Program (UNEP) with the purpose of it. It seems clear that climate action must hasten or investigating and coming up with potential it’ll be too late but the question remains whether we’ll international responses to climate change. be able to take action before it’s too late.

The transition from fossil fuels to Light Plant, the world's first coal-fired power station, sustainable energy was erected in London in 1882 with the goal of providing light and warmth to London residents. By: Ishba Shams Energy is sustainable if it meets the needs of the What were the first energy sources? Who found present without compromising the ability of future electricity and when? When it comes to energy, generations to meet their own needs. In the 1770’s a we've come full circle in certain ways. Ironically, the man named Thomas Young discovered energy. By sun and wind were the initial sources of energy, and allowing light to pass through two closely set pinholes we're turning back to them now, albeit in more on a screen, Thomas Young found that light beams technologically advanced ways. Let’s examine the spread apart and overlapped. Most definitions of evolution of energy, as well as the significant sustainable energy include considerations of discoveries and technologies that have led us to environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas where we are now. emissions and social and economic aspects. Energy has existed since the beginning of time. As we have technologically advanced, there have been During the day, the sun provides heat and light, so many new innovations that are not only beneficial therefore it was the initial source of energy. Sunlight to us but also good for the environment. Some served as an indicator to wake up and sleep, relied examples are solar panels and hydroelectric dams that on wood and dung for heat, and had power from bring us steps closer to a greener world! water to run primitive mills. The political game: the future of the Our use of human-generated power began with the earth Industrial Revolution. Benjamin Franklin is widely credited with 'discovering' electricity in 1752 when By: Ibad Karim he realized that the sparks created by lightning strikes might generate electricity. Coal has been used World leaders and politicians: these are the people to power tools and machines since 1750, and James who we trust to handle problems and issues that Watt patented the first coal-fired steam engine in society faces. But are these leaders really doing their 1769. Steam engines improved in power and job? In this article we will be looking at the role of efficiency as a result of this machine, making them politicians and world leaders in stopping the climate ideal for factory use. crisis, how they can step up and take action, and lastly, what the consequences of their ignorance may be. The gas industry in the United Kingdom began in 1812. When Frederick Winsor founded the first Firstly, politicians and leaders can raise the issue of corporation in the world to develop public gas works climate change and the climate crisis in their and deliver gas to clients through a network of respective parliament sessions. Law-makers can also subterranean pipes, Britain was still at war with establish legislation to prevent further climate change Napoleon. This company paved the way for the and environmental degradation. Governments can development of gas markets, which would change also establish departments and organizations by the lives of millions of people as they experienced directing the country’s funds towards them for their first taste of reliable light, heat, and energy. preventing and mitigating the impacts of climate Gas was used to light London's streets, and ancient change. Now, this can be a bit hard to manage for gas-powered lamp posts may still be found in St countries that are under-developed. In this case, James. By 1827, London's network had supplied bigger more economically developed countries about 70,000 lighting with gas. (MEDCs) that are financially stable should provide less economically developed countries (LEDCs) some kind But, if you think early energy was all about coal and of aid for them to also establish departments to tackle wood, you're mistaken. Eduard Becquerel climate change. Once these laws are made, local police discovered photovoltaic energy, one of the first departments and judiciaries will be responsible to processes in solar power, in 1839, which was the implement and monitor these laws and punish those first step toward capturing the sun's energy. who don’t follow them. The government can also promote the establishment of non-profit organizations When it came to energy, the Victorian era was a time that aim to reduce climate change, which can be when the world saw tremendous progress. In 1878, promoted amongst the youth. Other ministries can the first hydroelectric plant was built in Cragside, also take action. For example, the Ministry of England, while in 1888, Cleveland, Ohio, saw the first Transportation can set standards that improve the fuel windmill generate electricity. The Edison Electric economy of motor vehicles and more.

So, what are some initiatives that governments trying their best to reduce climate change. around the world have already taken to tackle climate change? A great example is the ambitious What will the consequences be if other leaders don’t goals set by U.S. President Joe Biden, which are to take action? Firstly, the temperature of our earth will lead by example in tackling climate change by increase even more which will cause glaciers to melt reducing greenhouse gas pollution by 50-52% by and our sea levels to further rise. The rise of sea levels 2030. The UK has also created an act that requires means more natural disasters which will cause governments to set legally binding 'carbon budgets'. countries huge financial damages and great loss of Each budget provides a five-year cap on total lives. Secondly, the gases that are making the earth greenhouse emissions; in order to meet the UK's warmer are very toxic, causing respiratory diseases, emission reduction commitments, caps should not eye irritations, and other problems to both animals be exceeded. The UNFCCC commits the signatories' and humans. governments to reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with the goal of I personally think that every person, whether it be a preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference politician or citizen, should act fast on preventing with Earth's climate system. There are over 190 climate change for a better future if not for ourselves, parties to this treaty, including the U.S. There are then for our future generations! many more governments and organizations that are

School Affairs DP 1 Trip to Quaid-e-Azam Library into the Lahore Gymkhana Club which became one for all academics, turned into a public library by the By: Rukh-e-Zainab Rizvi government, with a capacity of 1000 people. With a lot of TNS students going on field trips this Annually, 2,000 books are tallied amongst the month, DP1 students finally got the chance to visit 125,500 volumes in Urdu, English, Persian, Arabic, the Quaid-e-Azam library. This library is located in and French. As the DP1 students strolled through Lahore, Pakistan, and is named after the country’s rows upon rows of bookshelves, they noticed founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah. The sophisticated students from colleges and high schools across building holds a large deal of Pakistan’s history and Lahore seated on tables silently and attentively diverse cultures in the form of countless archives. studying. The students thought of the library as The atmosphere is considered to be great for studying and each individual walking into the ideal for concentrating and learning more building can discover something new and brilliant. efficiently with accessible, reliable, and accurate Its monochromatic white building showcases Greek resources. The library contains old traditional books architecture in a neoclassical style, with massive as well as modern ones of all different disciplines columns in the entrance amongst French-inspired ranging from business management, modern architectural windows and doors. technology, law, and telecommunication. There are This public library was constructed in the mid 19th many more kinds of school books on science, century during the British Raj’s rule in India, literature, history, and preparation books for exams compromising Lawrence and Montgomery halls of such as the SAT. They also offer books on religions, the Victorian era. These halls represent the honor of owning an extraordinary collection of Islamic texts. Sir John Lawrence and Sir Robert Montgomery. The Lawrence hall on the ground floor was used to All of us were in awe of the breathtaking entertain foreigners, mostly from Europe, and held architecture and massive collections of literature a variety of theatrical performances with the great that we saw at the library. The tour guides were sight of the roof above covered with intricate Italian extremely hospitable and did a great job of and Egyptian designs. The Montgomery hall allowed comprehensively explaining the history of the impactful racial interactions and held significant library and its significance. We thoroughly enjoyed senate meetings. On May 17, 1981, the books, learning at the library and being able to get an translations, and hadith buildings were seperated insight into literature that we could potentially use in our Extended Essays. It truly was a memorable and perceptive trip for all of our batch! Grade 9 trip to Khewra Salt Mines By: Hana Shah An educational and entertaining trip to the Khewra Salt Mines was just what our 9th-grade class needed. The trip was not only for us to learn about the characteristics of the salt mines, but to experience a voyage into an entirely different region of Punjab, one most of us had never been to. Not only did we gain quite proficient knowledge of our native province but we also got to build and fabricate lifelong memories with the people we surround ourselves with every day. The Khewra Salt Mines are a huge tourist attraction located on the Northern side of Pind Dadan Khan, part of the Jhelum District. This salt mine is known as the world’s second-largest salt district. Interestingly, and some may say surprisingly, our 9th-grade class recalled certain facts we had learned in our Pakistan Studies course while observing the

pinkish-orange salt-constructed hallways. Our tour classmates through dancing and singing to the guide presented our class with the salt sculptures blasting music on our speakers, stuffing our faces depicting a mini replication of the infamous Minar-e- with countless snacks, and of course, snapping a ton Pakistan, an intricately constructed mosque, and of pictures to glue the memories of our trip all countless other sculptures. together. This trip was one of the best aspects of our freshman year here at TNS. It served a great In the cave, the entire atmosphere was built upon by memorable end to our academic year and a the lights among the salt which showcased the bright motivating start into the aforesaid incredibly color of the salt as well as the sleek shaping and challenging MYP 5. carving of the salt. One exciting sight to many of my fellow students was the multiple pools of saltwater TNS Sports Week which tempted many volunteers to take a dive due to the immediate heat that hit the month of March this By: Amaan Ahmad year in Pakistan. Because of the changing weather, we had not anticipated the temperature of the cave TNS held its annual Sports Week at Bedian Sports itself. We assumed that because it was underground, Complex from the 7th-10th of March 2022. The event the temperature would’ve been cooler but obviously, was split into two parts - the first two days were it turned out we hadn’t paid enough attention in our dedicated to the MYP and DP students, and the Pakistan Studies classes after all. remaining two were given to the EY and PY students. This day is known, in TNS history, to be the most Despite the temporary fear that an accidental power competitive day amongst the 4 houses: Dragon, outage evoked, the team at the mines was prepared Phoenix, Griffin, and Pegasus. However, this year’s to meet our every need in the short period of the event was significantly distinct as compared to its outage. We were met with great hospitality and previous years at TNS, it was the first sports day service throughout the trip, which really built the which was largely student-led. overall experience for us. The event was primarily organized by our incredible Our class also learned about the geography and sports head, Rida Syed, coupled with the immense different mechanisms of the salt mines. One of the support of the teachers in our sports department, the geographical features that left us all in awe was the house captains and vice-captains - Mariam Gohar salt crystals dripping off the ceilings. In fact, after and Bilquis Mir (Dragon), Sinan Ali Haider and the trip, I looked into the science behind these very Amaan Ahmad (Phoenix), Zoya Qureshi and Huzayn formations. Their scientific term is ‘stalactites’ and Buksh (Griffin), Moosa Khan and Shayaan Faruki they are formed through a merged mechanism of (Pegasus), as well as the Deputy Head Boy and precipitation of minerals and water that drip Deputy Head Girl - Shafay Asghar and Anya Kasuri, through cave ceilings. As we admired these intricate which altogether made the event a major success. scientific creations, we walked along the railways that were initially built for train rides in the late 90s. Instead of exclusively holding traditional races, Rida However, we found it more enjoyable to walk among decided to add different sports to the agenda such as the salt and admire the atmosphere, investigating football and basketball for the MYP and DP students. every unique stalactite. On our way, the tour guide Students that took part in these sports were carefully also showed us an emergency ventilation area which selected by the house captains and vice-captains 3 was dug in case there was a need for oxygen. This weeks prior to the event, allowing for sufficient ventilation system relied on the flow of freshwater preparations and practice, raising the exciting and through the tunnel to visitors or miners in case of an emergency situation - thankfully we didn’t need to forgo this experience. After our tour was over, we all went to get souvenirs and wrapped up our fun with amusement rides outside the cave. We left the salt mines by 4 pm and the teachers had expected us to be calm and completely drained of any and all energy on our way back, having been awake and active since 7 am. But our class has always exceeded our teacher's expectations - whether it be positively or negatively is completely up to interpretation and debate. We spent the rest of our time bonding with our

competitive spirit of sports day. We watched snacks. This turned out to be a hit amongst energy students from grades 7 - 9 play matches according to drained students after their competitions. their houses, while their captains and vices cheerfully motivated their teams to victory. Although this sports day was very different from the ones TNS has hosted in previous years, we still The events had a large crowd full of parents maintained many of our school traditions including alongside a large group of teachers who all helped the march pass where all students took a round of raise the spirit of competition and support at a the track in Bedian. constant throughout the week. The house captains and vice-captains spent the entirety of the week Led by Anya who held the Pakistani flag, Shafay who cheering and encouraging participants from their carried the IB flag, and Rida bearing the TNS flag, respective houses during every one of their house the respective houses, accompanied by their house members' activities. The house captains were there captains and vices, followed. Another tradition we particularly to support the younger kids throughout excitingly conducted was the entire school taking the the tough and sweat-breaking events. oath of honesty in a formal and synchronized manner followed by our principal, Mr. Iain Riley, I took this as an opportunity to ask the vice-captain commencing the day full of competition and good of Griffin, Huzayn Buksh about his experience spirit with a release of TNS themed balloons. throughout the 4 strenuous days under the blazing hot sun. He explained “A lot of hard work went into This sports day was all about promoting the organization behind the event and it seems to collaboration, sportsmanship, and hard work which have paid off. I’ve really enjoyed working with Rida was successfully showcased by students of all ages and the other house captains and vice-captains. I feel throughout the week. To bring an end to both sports that we really needed to have an event like this to days, students anxiously sat in conjunction before really boost the school spirit and overall morale. We the stage in eager anticipation for Mr. Riley’s won the MYP and DP sports day and I feel confident announcement of the final house results. that we could win this one (EY/PY Sports day) too.” This sports day was one for the books, we had an This year, there were also food stalls at Bedian from excellent time hosting it and we hope everyone who restaurants such as Beefalicious. Some DP1 Students, attended it made great memories and had a to benefit citizens in rural areas, also had a stall enjoyable experience. We are excited to see selling brownies, cookies, juices, and many more everyone on next year’s sports day!

Science and Technology Is green energy the solution to the 150,000 deaths per year. This is because in addition to extreme weather events, climate change climate crisis? contributes to the spread of diseases, reduced food production, and numerous other problems. By: Sabaoon Huma Transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing Green energy, also known as renewable energy, is reliance on fossil fuels, is one way to help slow any energy type that is generated from natural down the effects of climate change. While resources, such as sunlight, wind, or water. For the renewable energy used to be a more expensive past 150 years or so, humans have relied heavily on option, new clean energy technologies are lowering coal, oil, and other fossil fuels to power different costs, becoming more accessible, and helping to items, from light bulbs to cars, as well as factories. move economies away from fossil fuels. For Fossil fuels are embedded in nearly everything we example, solar panel prices decreased by 75-80 do, and as a result, the greenhouse gases released percent between 2009 and 2015. Due to similar from the burning of those fuels have reached trends in other renewables like wind and atrociously high levels. In any discussion regarding hydropower, renewable energy generation climate change, renewable energy often tops the list technology accounts for over half of all new power of changes the world can and should implement to generation capacity brought online worldwide combat the effects of rising temperatures. This is every year, since the year 2011. due to the fact that renewable energy sources such as solar and wind do not emit carbon dioxide and As greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere other greenhouse gases that contribute to global that would otherwise escape into space, average warming. temperatures on the surface are rising. Global warming is one major effect of climate change, the Climate change is resulting in dangerously high term scientists now use, to describe the complex temperatures, which have significant negative shifts affecting our planet’s weather and climate impacts on humans and the environment, and temperatures but also extreme weather and climate transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as systems. Climate change encompasses not only biofuels, can help fight this issue. One consequence rising average temperatures but also shifting of higher global temperatures is the increasing wildlife populations and habitats, and rising seas. frequency of extreme weather events that lead to massive amounts of damage. Six out of five of the Climate change is an issue that has been discussed most dangerous extreme weather events in the U.S. to no end: actor Leonardo DiCaprio has spoken very have occurred in the last 10 years, amounting to frankly about the need to act at the UN General over $411 billion in damages (in 2020 dollars and Assembly, U.S. President Barack Obama added adjusted for inflation). The other four occurred climate change to his mandate, and in Paris, 195 between 2004 and 2008, and the costs of future countries reached a historic agreement during the extreme weather events are expected to keep COP21 conference. Despite all these efforts, the climbing. According to NASA, 2015 was the hottest consensus is that the problem is still far from being year since scientists began measuring planet resolved. Renewable energy is one of the most temperatures. This was by no means an isolated effective tools we have, in order to fight against case, but a constant trend from the year 2000 to climate change, and we have every reason to today. And the biggest culprit is the global warming believe it will succeed. associated with human activity, along with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a by- A recent New York Times column seems to imply product of fossil fuel combustion. Moreover, the that renewable energy investment sets back efforts World Health Organization estimates that globally, to address climate change . However, I feel that climate change is responsible for over 150,000 nothing could be further from the truth. Renewable technologies can increasingly save customers money as they displace emissions from fossil fuels. Wind and solar energy have experienced remarkable growth and huge cost improvements over the past decade with no signs of slowing down. Prices are declining rapidly, and renewable energy will soon be widely accessible.

How will technology change our in technology leaves us no guarantee of what the lives in the next 20 years? world in the future could be like. What we can hope for is a world where are still connected to nature and By: Ayla Danish are working on preserving it, understanding the value nature provides to us! Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, often used in industries. Technology Self-driving cars: a good or bad idea? has built-in artificial intelligence giving us the answer to almost anything at any given moment. The amount of By: Shahmir Jamal technology and our access to technology is increasing as more laptops, computers, phones, and TVs are being In 1886, Carl Benz patented the idea of a vehicle produced. The more technology produced and the more it powered by a gas engine revolutionizing transport sells, the more people will end up using it. This rapid everywhere; creating an era of facilitated transport. increase in technology has revolutionized the world. People were now able to travel long distances without having to go on foot or on a horse, requiring With the emergence of the Covid -19 virus, the video a large number of resources along with its difficulty conferencing app Zoom became very popular as all to maintain. Today, there are 1.4 billion cars on the corporate companies and educational institutes turned to road and the modern automobile industry is valued use it to communicate with each other while remained in at over $3.8 trillion in 2022 alone. lockdown. As a result of this application and the popularity of online meetings, hundreds of people have their But with this blessing of eased transport, there are meetings online work through their computers. multiple downsides. Every year, more than 1.35 million people are killed annually due to car-related The emergence of technology helps people (often injuries or accidents as a result of human error. To scientists) research more about any subject they desire. combat this, manufacturers and developers have Before conducting an experiment one must research and developed the self-driving car, a vehicle that can technology helps in doing so. For example, currently, monitor and change according to its surroundings diesel fuel is being used for vehicles. But it is predicted that with precise accuracy to minimize accidents. in the next 10 – 15 years this fuel will no longer work on However, as mentioned before, there are several vehicles because bio-fuel will be used instead. limitations to such technology. In the next few years, almost everyone living in an MEDC To start with concerns some may have with self- (more economically developed country) will have access to driving cars, the first is related to security issues, as technology. Awareness of artificial intelligence will these are all automated machines that will need to increase and a majority of people will have access to it. link and coordinate with each other, and will need to Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the ability to imitate share the same network protocol. This makes this everything that a normal human does and is the next step system prone to attacks, causing collisions and in the technology industry. ultimately putting the passenger's life in danger if the server doesn't work or is hacked. In the next 20 years, robots will also be a prevalent part of our society and this industry. We have made strides in Furthermore, while aiming to save lives, the technology in a few decades. For example, 20 to 24 years autonomous car industry may inhibit the income of ago, there was no such thing as AI. It existed, but there was many families whose members work as truckers, no awareness of it. There was no such thing as ‘online taxi cabs, and bus drivers, as well as delivery books’ or ‘online shopping.' People would instead sit at personnel, and cause a negative impact on these home and read physical books, or go out and play in groups as a whole, forcing them to find new means nature. of income and employment. Now that being said, imagine what 20 years from now would look like. Sit back on your electrical massage couch, tell Alexa to turn on the TV, and put Tom and Jerry on, while telling your robot to go get some food. Outside, you may see flying cars that are automatic so you can sit back and enjoy the TV whilst traveling. People are still able to appreciate nature in this day and age, but with new technological advancements, this may not last long. Due to advancements in artificial intelligence, technology will result in a decline in the demand for physical jobs, instead, having robots do everything for us. In conclusion, in the next 20 years, the world will be more automatic and reliant on AI, because technology will further develop. Our world will be very different from what it is now just as it is currently very different from the world there was 20 years ago. The fast-paced development

Besides that, for the technology of self-driving cars to With this, there’s the added benefit of decreasing prosper, tremendous costs are involved, with some societal costs over a long period. Even though the estimates placing the cost at around $250,000, which initial costs may be high, the long-term effects could is far too much for an average middle-class family to help save upwards of approximately 800 billion spend on a car. This means that very few people will dollars a year, in damages to vehicles or property, or have access to a self-driving car and so its benefits to medical costs that those affected by these will be limited to a small group of people. accidents have to deal with. However, if proper measures are taken to make this In theory, self-driving cars seem to be the next step technology more accessible to the public, the of the automobile industry but there is a range of technology of autonomous vehicles is capable of problems associated with this technology that would changing our road experiences by increasing have negative implications as well, which should be convenience with greater traffic efficiency, and with considered in the development of such technology. the added potential to save millions of lives, as I mentioned previously.

Sports Is the Pakistan Super League (PSL) all Summing it all up with a single question: who won this PSL season? The answer is simple, Lahore fixed? Qalandars, but if you deeply look into it, they are also the team that has been losing terribly for the By: Mujtaba Qureshi past 7 years. Just because this year there was a huge hype, for Lahore which led to huge profits and a All Pakistan Super League matches are pre- large number of sponsors, the cup had to be given to determined. The entire PSL administration is aware Lahore to keep the League afloat. of it, and they create a script for the entire league because it is crucial for the league's survival. Let As far as the future of PSL is concerned, it is now me break it down for you: such leagues are going to be very interesting to see, as officially, all designed for companies to profit off of. the teams have won at least once. Therefore, it depends whether the PSL now wants the The main reason for manipulating the Pakistan competition to be a fair and organic event without Super League is that team owners gain money from any involvement from the admins, which I believe their teams through sponsors, and advertising they should, as its already created a yearly fanbase. agencies only sponsor those clubs with the largest We will have to wait until the next PSL to determine fan following. People are more likely to support whether the league is finally being played and cheer for their province's teams, right? organically or if the strings are still pulled by the Considering that Punjab is home to 52.95 percent of admins to maximize profits. Pakistan's population, the Lahore Qalandars are statistically then, the PSL's favorite team. This Babar Azam: from nothing to would in turn mean that all sponsors would have everything! wanted to sponsor the Lahore Qalandars, making the Lahore Qalandars the most profitable and By: Yahyaa Khan expensive team in the PSL. Balochistan and Islamabad only make up 5.94% and 0.97% of Babar Azam is one of the greatest batsmen to ever Pakistan's total population, respectively, which walk on this earth. The way he plays cricket makes means that these teams have relatively low fans want to repeatedly watch his clips as they just support, fewer sponsors, and little or no profit. As a don’t get tired of watching the unmatched elegance result, it is impossible to create and maintain a in his batting style. He is someone who is very League that is so lopsided. So, in order to balance inspiring as he has achieved his ultimate goal of the fan bases of all teams, the PSL administration playing for the Pakistan cricket team. But his devised a script in which teams with a smaller fan beginnings were really tough as he started as a ball base perform better in the league, while teams with boy at Gaddafi Stadium. When South Africa came to a larger fan base perform poorly, resulting in a Pakistan in 2007, Babar got the chance to see top shift in fan loyalty among many fans, which will international cricketers on the ground. After 15 aid in balancing the fan bases of all teams. years, he has become one of the top international cricketers and ranks as the number one ODI This explains the results of all seven PSL batsman in the world. From zero to hero, from ball tournaments. Quetta Gladiators and Islamabad boy to the number 1 ODI batsman in the world, United reached the final of the first PSL season. Do Azam truly is an inspiration for many upcoming you believe it was a fluke that two teams with the future Pakistani cricketers, including myself. smallest fan bases performed better and advanced to the finals? In addition, the teams from Pakistan's The story of Babar Azam starts on 15 October 1994 major provinces, the Karachi Kings and Lahore in Lahore, Pakistan where he was born. Babar fell in Qalandars, won the fewest number of matches. If love with cricket since the day he started playing it. Quetta Gladiators or Islamabad United had His goal was clear: no matter what the cost, he performed like Lahore Qalandars in earlier PSL wanted to represent Pakistan in international seasons, it would have been impossible to maintain cricket. His dreams started coming true in 2012 these teams in the league, which would have when he was appointed as the captain of the harmed the PSL and may have forced it to close. Pakistan under-19 team. While achieving these Quetta Gladiators and Islamabad United couldn't goals, Babar faced a lot of difficulties which included afford to lose, but the Lahore Qalandars could him not being selected in the district teams, but after because they're the team from Lahore with a huge a few years of hard work, passion, and dedication, fan following irrespective of where they make it in he finally got his big breakthrough when he was the League. selected in Pakistan’s under-19 men's cricket team.

On 31st May 2015, Babar Azam made his he became one of the leading run-scorers in this International ODI debut against Zimbabwe and it year’s HBL PSL 2021. was a great accomplishment not only for Babar, but also Pakistani cricket as after many years, an Currently, Pakistan is playing Australia in Pakistan international team came to Pakistan to do a tour. which is huge for Pakistani cricket as they have After many successful records, runs, and victories, come after 20+ years to Pakistan. Let’s see if Babar he brightened Pakistan's name in 2017 at his first performs and has what it takes to lead his team to international tournament, the ICC Champions victory against Australia. So if this story does tell us Trophy. He played extremely well and became the one thing, it is that; it doesn’t matter how good you top run-scorer in the competition. This boosted his are now because if you put in the hard work and confidence in believing he could be one of the top dedication, anything is possible, which is what cricketers in the world. Babar has proved. After 2 years of brilliant performances and making No matter the struggles in his life, his work ethic Pakistan win several series single-handedly, he was has allowed him to achieve everything he has appointed as the T20 and ODI captain of the dreamed of, which is extremely admirable. Babar is Pakistan Team in 2019. As soon as he got awarded a real inspiration for the Pakistani youth not only the captaincy, he immediately left an impact on through his outstanding batting skills and international cricket, not only through his batting phenomenal captaincy but also through what he but also by his amazing captaincy under which does for the country. He constantly gives back to his Pakistan defeated both Bangladesh and England. community by participating in small workshops linked to significant, global issues pertaining to the Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, Babar has environment or health besides urging the new continued his excellent performance whether it be generation to play sports without any gender bias. in England or the PSL, he has not stopped at all and has performed superbly everywhere. After these The Rise of Unconventional Sports in brilliant performances as a captain and a player, he Pakistan eventually becoming the Test captain as well. Being awarded the captaincy of all 3 formats of cricket in By: Naayl Sharjeel Pakistan was a huge honor for him. Exactly one year later, he went against all odds and did what no There are many unconventional sports in Pakistan other Pakistani captain could do: he fiercely led the that do not get the recognition they deserve. Pakistan team to victory against India in a World Unconventional sports are unusual sports that are Cup. He made possible what was impossible and he not very well known or recognized. Pakistan is well did it excellently. Under his captaincy, Pakistan known for its athletics, and perhaps the most beat India by 10 wickets and this is something no famous sport it is known for is cricket. The other team has ever done. During this world cup, Pakistani cricket team plays on an international Pakistan also won 5 back-to-back games, which no level, and we were once hailed as the Asian Tigers. other team has ever done in a world cup. They Once upon a time, we were as equally as proficient defeated India, New Zealand, Afghanistan, in hockey as we were in cricket, which also happens Scotland, and Namibia, which are the top-ranked to be our national sport. However, Pakistan has teams in world cricket. Unfortunately, he couldn't never really been associated with unconventional pull it off for Pakistan in the semi-final as Pakistan sports such as table tennis, tennis, gymnastics, was defeated by the Australian team. water sports and football. You might say that these are not in fact all unconventional; they are popular But after all that Babar had achieved, the Pakistan sports otherwise. But in Pakistan, they have not team developed a renewed will to win and under flourished, although, as I will make clear, certainly his captaincy, he and his team completely beat not for lack of skill and talent. Bangladesh on their home turf by beating them in both T20s and tests. Taking that confidence with One of the most underrated and unrecognized sports in Pakistan is water polo. This sport is very rarely played in almost every country, especially Pakistan. If you do not know what water polo is, water polo is a sport very similar to handball but it is played inside water. This sport should be encouraged more and paid more attention to. Perhaps younger generations are starting to enjoy playing this sport in schools which have the facility of a swimming pool.

Another rarely played sport in Pakistan is several years now, and it is a very thrilling and swimming. Swimming is a well-known sport but it is exciting sport. Lots of people in Pakistan enjoy and still uncommon and relatively rare in Pakistan, love playing football/soccer, but they never get the although it is starting to become more popular. To chance to showcase their talent, which is why we this day, I have never seen any sort of swimming only have local football teams. event being shown on a Pakistani television channel. Again, this is a fun and great sport even Yet another example is basketball. This pattern also though we have a Punjab swimming team, it still continues for other sports such as badminton, comes nowhere near the international swimming netball, baseball, and golf. We are naturally athletic level. One major reason why we don’t have that and talented people, of that there is no doubt. People much swimming in Pakistan is because of the here are usually naturally sporty, growing up expense of the sport. The training facilities for playing sports on the streets outside their homes if swimming are very expensive as constructing a there is no other option available. However, the swimming pool can cost a lot of money which can simple fact is that the incentives, training, and make it hard for people to train and practice, which facilities they require to participate in these sports can result in fewer people becoming professional on an international level are just not provided. swimmers. These sports need to be promoted more. Water sports are increasingly becoming popular One way that these sports could be promoted is due to people having more access to sports in the from the grassroots level. If schools make children media, such as the Olympics. A larger number of play some unconventional sports like racket sports, people have access to private home swimming pools basketball, water sports, etc, then they will be as well, and more schools are focusing on training interested in the particular sport from a young age swimmers. However we still have a long way to go. and it will result in the sport becoming more and This is only one of the common reasons why many more popular. Furthermore, 51% of the population sports are not acknowledged. Pakistan is a third- is women and they are also very talented but they world country and a rather poor country so not do not get the same opportunities as their male many people can afford the expense of good counterparts to present their talents. If they did get facilities to train in. This makes it hard for Pakistan the same opportunities that men do, then the sport to participate in certain types of sports, specifically would be promoted to a greater extent since more expensive ones. people overall would be engaged in those sports. Rowing is another water sport that is hardly played The government should also play a bigger role in or known at all and is a sport in which multiple promoting unconventional sports, providing duos race each other in boats with paddles. Pakistan community centers with trainers and opportunities hardly participates in this sport at all. Perhaps to play more diverse sports. They should also another reason is that rowing is undertaken in provide more sporting academies to the public and rivers, and many of our rivers are sadly depleted of overall greater facilities that are accessible to the water. general masses. Tennis is an upcoming popular sport which is on the All sports promote teamwork, cooperation, hard rise in Pakistan. Additionally, a few generations ago work and effort, character building and so much people in Pakistan would not even have known more. They all have potential and if diverse ones what this sport was. Now, increasing media could be practiced more. then they could become coverage of international tournaments and famous popular within our country. We just have to make a tennis celebrities such as Roger Federer have stirred greater effort to promote them and give them the up greater interest and participation in the sport. recognition that they deserve so that in the future, Private schools, clubs and academies are now Pakistan is recognized for playing a range of sports, offering training for tennis as it is gaining whether those be frequently played sports such as popularity worldwide. Pakistan is represented by cricket or unconventional sports such as swimming. our extremely talented Aissam Ul Haq, but he does not play in grand slams, which are what bring the media attention to the player. Another similar sport is table tennis, the mini version of tennis, though it is certainly not considered a mini sport. Again, it is popular in schools and colleges but has never really been taken beyond that level in Pakistan. Football has been taking the world by storm for

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Credits -Editors in Chief- Anum Azhar Manahil Fatima Sereen Yusuf -Executive Directors- Emaan Shams Kabir Khan Salena Akbar

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-Sub-Editors- Anya Kasuri Momina Rizvi Sophiya Iftikhar Shehrezade Naveed Amal Mahmud Alisha Amjad

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