simi en

["but she cannot bear children.\u2019 The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not advise him marry her. \u2018Marry the wife who is loving and childbearing since I want to have you be more than other nations on Judgment Day. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page 99) Like for your brother what you like for yourself and hate for him what you hate for yourself. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (pages 112 and 163) If a man, whose religious observance and morals satisfy you, comes [proposing to your daughter], give him [your daughter] in marriage. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page 157) A woman from Ansar [Muslims of Medina] came to the Prophet (pbuh) and entered the house of Hafsa [a wife of the Prophet (pbuh)]. The woman was well-dressed and her hair was combed. She said, \u2018Oh, Messenger of Allah (pbuh), a woman does not ask a man to marry her. I have had no husband for a long time, and I have no son. Do you need a wife? For I am here, I am offering myself to you if you accept me.\u2019 Mohammed said good words to her and prayed for her, then said, \u2018Oh, you Ansari woman! May Allah reward you, you the Ansar, for your men have supported me, and I have desired your women \u2013 or your women have desired me. You may go now, may Allah have mercy on you; Allah will reward you with Paradise because you wanted me and for your presentation of love of me and joy for me; my answer will come to you, God willing.\u2019 \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (pages 168-169) Al-Mughirah Ibn Shu\u2019beh narrated that he proposed to an Ansari woman, and the Prophet (pbuh) asked, \u2018Have you looked at her?\u2019 He said,\u2019 No.\u2019 The Prophet (pbuh) said, \u2018Look at her; this makes it more probable you will get along with each other,\u2019 (page 171) Every one of you is a shepherd, and every one of you is responsible for his herd. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (pages 172 and 173) If one of you came to his wife [for sex], let there be foreplay between them. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page 188) 283","It is your plantation; if you want, you may water it, and, if you want, you may leave it thirsty. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page 188) Ibn Abbas was asked about \u2018azl. He called one of his women and said: Tell them, but it was as if she shied away, so he said: It is like this; as for myself I do it [that is, he does \u2018azl]. (page 188) We were in an army and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and said, \u2018I give you permission to practice mut\u2019ah, that is, the mut\u2019ah of women. narrated by Al-Bukhari that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said (page 197) The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and gave us permission for mut\u2019ah. narrated in Sahih Muslim that Yezid, by which he meant Ibn Zuray\u2019, said that Rawh, by which he meant Ibn Al-Qasim, said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar narrated from Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed from Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 and Jabir Ibn Abdullah (pages 197 and 299) The mut\u2019ah verse was revealed in the book of Allah, and we practiced it with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), and no verse was revealed to make it void, and the Prophet did not prohibit it to his death. narrated by Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in Musnad that Omran bin Hussein said (pages 197-198) Jabir Ibn Abdullah [Al-Ansari] came for \u2018umrah. We went to him in his house and the people asked him about things. Then they mentioned the mut\u2019ah and Jabir replied, \u2018We practiced mut\u2019ah in the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019 narrated in Sahih Muslim that \u2018Ata said (page 197; see also page 299) The representative of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came out to us and said: \u2018When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave you permission to carry out testemti\u2019oo [sexual enjoyment], he meant the mut\u2019ah of women.\u2019 Mohammed Ibn Beshshar said that Mohammed Ibn Ja\u2019far said that Ibn Shu\u2019beh said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar said that he heard Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed narrating that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said (page 299) I was sent only to complete the best of morals. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page 231) 284","Man is an enemy of what he is ignorant of. Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib said (page 234) Jabir Ibn Abdullah came for \u2018umrah and we came to him in his house; and the people asked him about things, then they mentioned mut\u2019ah, so he said: \u2018Yes, we carried out istemta\u2019na [sexual enjoyment] at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019 Al-Hasan Al-Halawani said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that \u2018Ata said (page 299; see also page 197) We used to carry out nestemti\u2019 [sexual enjoyment] for a handful of dates or \ufb02our, at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Mohammed Ibn Ra\ufb01\u2019i said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that Abu Zubair said: \u2018I heard Jabir Ibn Abdullah saying (page 299) ***** 285","286","Selective Documents: Excerpts ***** Document 1 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 30. Marriage with Hidden Intention to Divorce \u201cScholars agree that, if a man marries a woman without revealing his intention to divorce her after a particular time, such as after he \ufb01nishes work or study in the country where he temporarily lives, the marriage is still valid.\u201d Document 2 Al-Dubai\u2019i, Idah Hukmu Az-Zawaj Bi-niat Al-Talak, 40. Marriage with Hidden Intention to Divorce \u201cOne of the most renowned scholars of our time was his eminence Sheikh Abdul Aziz Ibn Baz, the general Mufti [scholar capable of issuing fatwas] of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He issued a fatwa allowing marriage with the hidden intention to divorce. One person sent a question to ensure the fatwa was given. The Sheikh answered, \u2018Yes, a fatwa from the permanent committee, and I am its president, allows marriage with hidden intention to divorce, if it is between a 287","man and God, if he marries in expatriate lands and intends to divorce when he his study or work is \ufb01nished. The jomhoor [majority] of scholars have no problem with it. The intention is between him and Allah and is not a condition.\u2019 \u201cAccording to Majmoo\u2019 Fatawa wa Maqalat Mutanawwi\u2019ah, volume 4, page 30, \u2018The difference between this and mut\u2019ah is that in mut\u2019ah has a known requirement of a time period, such as a month or a year or two years. When the time is over, the contract ends. This is the invalid mut\u2019ah marriage. But, if he marries her on the Sunnah of Allah and His Messenger (pbuh) and his intention is not known and not a condition except between him and God, but in his heart knows that, when he leaves that country he will divorce her, this does him no harm. It protects him from adultery and in\ufb01delity. Also, his intention may change.\u2019 This the opinion of the jomhoor of scholars narrated by Abu Mohammed Abdullah Ibn Qodamah (may God rest his soul), the author of Al-Moghni.\u201d 288","Document 3 Az-Zahabi, Ash-Shari\u2019ah Al-Islamiah, 69. Witnessing \u201cImam Malik, in a well-known opinion, said witnessing is not a reason for validating the marriage contract because the Qur\u2019an does not make it a marriage requirement. The relevant scripts of the Sunnah are not explicit in requiring witnessing. The general announcement suf\ufb01ces for the contract to be valid, based on the saying of the Prophet (pbuh): Announce the marriage even if with dofoof [tambourines]. The Malikis said, \u201cSince the forbidden part of this act does not occur unless the man and woman have secret intercourse, the allowable does not occur but in its opposite. For that the mere announcement suf\ufb01ces.\u201d Witnessing is only recommended when doing the contract, and is obligatory before the marriage, that is, intercourse. If the contract was witnessed, the obligatory and the recommended were achieved. If witnessing occurred after the contract but before intercourse, the obligatory was achieved and the recommended missed. \u201cThe Ja\u2019faris and the Dhahiris said witnessing is absolutely not a requirement for validating the marriage contract because the Qur\u2019an did not explicitly point to it when discussing marriage. It pointed to what is less important than marriage \u2013 the contract for trade and for loans. They said the hadiths regarding witnessing are a recommendation, in case the marriage needs to be con\ufb01rmed in front of a judge if denial takes place.\u201d 289","Document 4 Fawzi, Ahkamul Usrah \ufb01l Jahiliah wal-Islam, 54. Witnessing \u201cAl-Bukhari, Muslim, and Malik state several of the Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions and their sons were married without witnesses, but simply with a wedding party. They mentioned Abdullah Ibn Omar, Al-Hasan Ibn Ali, Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair, and Salim Ibn Omar. They also said, without witnesses, the Prophet (pbuh) married Sa\ufb01ah and gave a dinner with dates and leafstalk, and married Zainab and held a party in which a small calf was served. Narrated by all \ufb01ve except An-Nisa\u2019i.\u201d 290","Document 5 As-Sa\ufb01r, 12 Feb. 1999, 7. Misyar and \u2018Ur\ufb01 Marriage \u201cEgyptian newspapers reported that Imam Al-Azhar Sheikh Mohammed Seyyid Tantaoui announced misyar marriage is lawful as it has all the elements of marriage, but secret marriage is \u2018adulterous and forbidden.\u2019 \u201cAl-Wafd [The Delegation] reported that Sheikh Tantaoui, during a symposium at the 31st Cairo Book Exhibition, accepted misyar marriage. He said, \u2018This marriage is not found in Egypt. I heard it is found in other countries, and it is Islamically legal. What is new is that a woman does not ask a man for anything except the dowry.\u2019 He added \u2018Misyar is found in the Gulf, especially in Saudi Arabia. Its name comes from the husband\u2019s practice of usually visiting his wife in her home during the day, and also he is not committed to meet her \ufb01nancial responsibilities.\u2019 \u201cThe Imam of Al-Azhar also added, according to Al-Wafd and Al-Gomhuria [The Republic], \u2018All scholars agree secret marriage is invalid\u2019 and is \u2018adulterous and forbidden.\u2019 He said marriage practiced in Egypt as \u2018ur\ufb01 marriage \u2018has all the elements, but lacks documentation. I personally do not witness it, nor like it, nor sit when it is done, because it results in the loss of the woman\u2019s rights and breaks the law of the state. Also, it is makrooh [not recommended].\u2019 The Sheikh called for \u2018passing a law with speci\ufb01c punishments for whoever does that, to protect women.\u2019 291","\u201cEgyptian newspapers con\ufb01rm \u2018ur\ufb01 marriage is widespread in Egypt among artists and university students. Egyptian courts do not recognize it, but the law does not punish those who commit it.\u201d Document 6 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 28. Witnessing \u201cThe three [Hanbalis, Hana\ufb01s, and Sha\ufb01\u2019is] agreed two witnesses must be at the marriage contract for the marriage to be valid. The Maliki school, however, said two witnesses are essential on the wedding night when the couple consummate their marriage, while their presence at the contract is only recommended.\u201d 292","Document 7 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 46. Guardianship \u201cThe Hana\ufb01s rejected this hadith because Az-Zohri, when asked about it, said he did not know it.\u201d Document 8 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 33. Guardianship \u201cIf the \ufb01rst marriage was a bad choice and if the one who made the bad choice again married her off, this time to a suitable man with a usual dowry, the contract is valid. She has no choice, even if he married her off while drunk.\u201d Document 9 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 46. Guardianship \u201cThe Sha\ufb01\u2019is and Malikis agreed guardian consent is fundamental to marriage, and marriage is invalid without it. The Hanbalis and Hana\ufb01s agreed it is a requirement and limited what is fundamental to the proposal and its acceptance. The Hana\ufb01s added it as a requirement to validate the marriage of an underage boy or girl, and insane man or woman even if they are adults. They ruled no one has 293","authority over the marriage of the girl who is balighah [mature] and \u2018aqilah [responsible], whether a virgin, widow, or divorc\u00e9e. She has the right to enter into a contract with whomsoever she chooses on the condition of suitability. Only then may the guardian object and sever the contract.\u201d Document 10 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 38. Witnessing \u201cMalik and the scholars of his school ruled witnessing marriage is not obligatory. It is not one of its requirements or fundamentals. An announcement and public knowledge are enough. Their argument was that Allah mentioned witnessing of commercial contracts and that such witnessing was proved to not be required. Marriage, for which Allah did not mention witnessing, is more worthy than commerce. The aim is to announce and so protect the ancestry. Witnessing of the contract is acceptable to avoid disputes later between the couple. If the contract is made without witnesses, but witnesses are called before marriage, that is, intercourse, the contract will not be severed. If marriage occurs without witnesses, the couple should be separated.\u201d 294","Document 11 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 21. Witnessing \u201cProvided the couple believes it was acceptable for the marriage contract to be made, it is valid even though witnessed by drunkards \u2013 if they acknowledge that their witnessing will validate the contract, even if they may not remember the contract after sobering up.\u201d Document 12 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 34. Guardianship \u201cThe balighah whether a virgin, widow, or divorc\u00e9e, is not compelled to obey anyone. Her marriage is not subject to a guardian\u2019s approval. She has the right to marry whomever she wishes on the condition of his suitability.\u201d Document 13 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 87. Guardianship \u201cA guardian\u2019s justice is not a requirement because corruption does not negate a marriage\u2019s suitability.\u201d Document 14 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 27. Guardianship 295","\u201cThey [most scholars] agreed marriage is valid even if done as a joke. Should a father say, \u2019I have married off my daughter to you,\u2019 and the man says, \u2018I accept,\u2019 while they laugh, the marriage goes ahead. It is like divorcing or freeing slaves, which go ahead even if done as a joke.\u201d Document 15 Al-Jaziri,Al-FiqhAlaAl-MathahibAl-Arba\u2019ah,vol.4,303. Different Schools of Thought \u201cA fundamental belief is that following a particular mujtahid [highest religious scholar] is not required. It is therefore allowed to follow any mujtahid of the Muslim nation in a ruling if it is con\ufb01rmed to be his saying or thought.\u201d Document 16 Ibn Qodamah, Al-Moghni, vol. 6, 644. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cIn mut\u2019ah marriage, a man marries a woman for a period of time. If a man says: \u2019I have married my daughter off to you for a period of one month or one year or until the end of the season or the arrival of pilgrimage,\u2019 whether or not the time period is known, the marriage is invalid. Ahmad said, \u2018Mut\u2019ah marriage is forbidden.\u2019 Abu Bakr said, in another hadith, it is makrooh [not recommended], but not haram [forbidden] because Mansour [Ibn Hazim] asked Ahmad about it, and he said: \u2018Avoiding is more to my liking.\u2019\u201d 296","Document 17 Ar-Ra\ufb01\u2019i, Islamuna \ufb01t Tawfeeq Bainas-Sunnah wash-Shi\u2019ah, 153. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cUnbiased researchers who look closely at the hadiths of those who rule for and against allowing mut\u2019ah must reach two conclusions. The \ufb01rst is the Shi\u2019ah should not be slandered because they ruled to allow mut\u2019ah. It is supported by evidence, especially after everyone agreed mut\u2019ah was present at the time of the Prophet (pbuh) and after some of the grand Sunni scholars narrated that the mut\u2019ah verse in the Qur\u2019an was not mansookh [voided by a later verse]. Az-Zamakhshari mentioned in his Qur\u2019an commentary Al-Kashshaf, narrated from Ibn Abbas, that the mut\u2019ah verse is among the muhkamat [verses that may never be voided]. It is also untenable to say the verse for the enjoyment you have had of them, give them their a\u2019jer [dowry] as a duty, 4:24, is canceled by a hadith because the Qur\u2019an is yeqeeni [de\ufb01nite] and a hadith is dhenni [inde\ufb01nite]. Moreover, those who say the mut\u2019ah verse was canceled disagree on the source of this: Is it the Qur\u2019an or the Sunnah or Ijmaa\u2019 [consensus among scholars]? And they disagree on the time when this claimed cancelation occurred: Was it during the battle of Awtas, Hunain, Khaiber, or Tabook, or the Fateh Mecca [conquest of Mecca], or the Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019 [farewell pilgrimage], or any other de\ufb01nite time?\u201d 297","Document 18 Sahih Muslim, vol. 5, An-Nawawi\u2019s commentary, 179. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cMohammed Ibn Abdullah Ibn Numayr Al-Hemdani said that Ubayy and Waki\u2019 and Ibn Bishr said that Ismael said that Qays said: \u2018I heard Abdullah saying: \u2018We were undertaking a conquest, alongside the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), with no women, so we said: \u2018May we masturbate?\u2019 He forbade us to do this, then gave us permission to marry a woman in exchange for a dress for a limited term;\u2019 then Abdullah recited: Believers, do not forbid the good things God has made lawful to you; (but) do not exceed the limits: God does not love those who exceed the limits. 5:87. \u201cAnd \u2019Uthman Ibn Abi Shaybeh said that Jarir said that Ismael Ibn Abi Khalid told us the same thing using this narration chain, then he recited the verse without saying that Abdullah had recited it. \u201dAnd Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Shaybeh said that Waki\u2019 said that Ismael told us using the same narration chain and said: \u2018We, when young, said: 298","\u2018Oh, Messenger of Allah! May we not masturbate?\u2019 but did not say \u2018during a conquest.\u2019\u2019 \u201cAnd Mohammed Ibn Beshshar said that Mohammed Ibn Ja\u2019far said that Ibn Shu\u2019beh said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar said that he heard Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed narrating that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said: \u2018The representative of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came out to us and said: \u2018When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave you permission to carry out testemti\u2019oo [sexual enjoyment], he meant the mut\u2019ah of women.\u2019 \u201cYezid, by which he meant Ibn Zuray\u2019, said that Rawh, by which he meant Ibn Al-Qasim, said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar narrated from Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed from Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 and Jabir Ibn Abdullah: \u2018The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and gave us permission for mut\u2019ah.\u2019 And Al-Hasan Al-Halawani said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that \u2018Ata said: \u2018Jabir Ibn Abdullah came for \u2018umrah and we came to him in his house; and the people asked him about things, then they mentioned mut\u2019ah, so he said: \u2018Yes, we carried out istemta\u2019na [sexual enjoyment] at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019\u2019\u2019 \u201cMohammed Ibn Ra\ufb01\u2019i said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that Abu Zubair said: \u2018I heard Jabir Ibn Abdullah saying: \u2018We used to carry out nestemti\u2019 [sexual enjoyment] for a handful of dates or \ufb02our, at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).\u2019\u201d 299","Document 19 Shaltout, Fatwat Jawaz Al-Ta\u2019abod Be Math\u2019hab Ash-Shi\u2019ia Al-Imamia [Fatwa on Allowing Following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate School of Thought] Different Schools of Thought Dar At-Taqreeb Bainal-Mathahib Al-Islamiah Of\ufb01ce of the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque In the name of Allah the Bene\ufb01cent, the Merciful 300","The fatwa issued by his Eminence the Grand Scholar Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout, the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque, on allowing following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate school of thought: His Eminence was asked, \u201cSome people believe, for a Muslim\u2019s worship and transactions to be done correctly, he must follow one of the four known schools. Neither the Shi\u2019ite Imamate nor the Shi\u2019ite Zaidi\u2019s schools are among them. Does your eminence agree with this opinion and its absoluteness, and so prohibit following, for example, the Shi\u2019ite Imamate Ithna\u2019ashari school?\u201d His Eminence replied, \u201c(1] Islam does not require Muslims to follow a particular school, but we say: every Muslim has the right to follow at the beginning any school that has been narrated correctly and whose rulings are written in its books. Whoever follows a school has the right to change to another \u2013 any school \u2013 and there is no haraj [circumstance leading to extreme embarrassment or dif\ufb01culty] on him in this. \u201c(2] The Ja\u2019fari school known as the Shi\u2019ite Imamate Ithna\u2019ashari school is Islamically allowed to be followed like all the Sunni schools. \u201cTherefore, Muslims should know this, and get rid of loyalty without truth to certain schools. The religion of Allah and His Shari\u2019ah do not follow a school nor are they the property of one school, as all are mujtahideen meqbooloon [highest religious scholars trying, to the best of their ability, to formulate rulings acceptable to Allah]. Those incapable of formulating rulings are allowed to follow schools and to act according to the schools\u2019 rulings in jurisprudence if the \u2018ibadat [acts of worship] or mu\u2019amalat [dealings with people] are not changed.\u201d Your eminence the honorable scholar Mohammed Taqi Al-Qommi General Secretary of Jama\u2019at At-Taqreeb Bainal-Mathahib Al- Islamiah Peace and mercy of Allah upon you. It is my pleasure to send your Eminence a copy, signed by me, of the fatwa I have issued on allowing following the Shi\u2019ite Imamate school. I ask you to kindly keep it in the archives of Dar At-Taqreeb Bainal- Mathahib Al-Islamiah, the establishment of which we both contributed to. May Allah guide us to succeed in achieving its message. Peace and mercy of Allah upon you. The Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque Signature of Mahmoud Shaltout 301","The fatwa was photocopied on the 17th Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal 1378 AH [1958 AD] in Cairo. ***** 302","Selective Bibliography ***** Note: Authors are listed according to the English alphabetical order. Symbols that are not used in English do not affect the order in which the terms are listed. Not all books printed in the Arabic countries contain standard publication information. The references cited here are as complete as possible. Books and Reports Abdul Mohsin, Ali Abu Abdullah. Ta\u2018addod Al-Zawjat Bainal-\u2018Ilm wal-Din [Polygamy Between Science and Religion]. Beirut: Dar As-Safwa, 1997. Al-\u2018Amini, Ibrahim. Nizam Al-Hayat Az-Zawjiyah [The System of Marriage]. Beirut: Dar Al-Hadi, 1994. Al-Bahrany, Yousif Ibn Ahmed. Al-Hada\u2019iq An-Nadirah [Fresh Gardens], vol. 23. Beirut: Dar Al\u2019Adwa\u2019, 1993. Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmed Ibn Al-Hussein Ibn Ali. 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Cairo: Al-Matba\u2018a Al-\u2019Amiriya (no year). Al-Shati, Adnan. Az-Zawaj wal-\u2018Ailah [Marriage and Family]. Khaldiya: Kuwait University, 1997. Al-Shawkani, Mohammed Ibn Ali Ibn Mohammed. Naylul Awtar [Achieving Aims], vol. 6. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1994. Al-Tarmaneeni, Abdul Salam. Kitab Az-Zawaj \u2018Indal Arab [The Arab Marriage Book]. Kuwait: National Council of Culture, Arts, and Literature, August 1984. 304","Al-Thaqib, Fahad. Al-Mar\u2019aa wat-Talak \ufb01l Moujtam\u2019 Al-Kuwaiti [Women and Divorce in Kuwaiti Society: Psychological, Social, and Economic Dimensions]. Khaldiya: Kuwait University, 1999. Ar-Ra\ufb01\u2019i, Sheikh Mustafa. Islamuna \ufb01t Tawfeeq Bainas-Sunnah wa Ash-Shi\u2019ah [Our Islam Reconciles Sunnah and Shi\u2019ah]. Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat Al-\u2019Alami, 1984. Ar-Razi, Abu Abdullah Fakhr Eddine. At-Tafsir Al-Kabir [The Great Explanation]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi (no year). At-Tusi, Abu Ja\u2019far. At-Tahthib [The Discipline], vol. 7. Najaf, Iraq: Dar Al-Kutob Al-Islamiah, 1959. As-Sa\u2019adawi, Nawal. Ar-Rajul wal-Jins [Man and Sex]. Beirut: Arabic Institute for Studies and Publication, 1982. Az-Zahabi, Mohammed Hussein. Ash-Shari\u2019ah Al-Islamiah [Islamic Laws]. Cairo: Dar Al-Kutob Al-Hadithah, 1983. Az-Zirkili, Khayr Eddine. Al-Munjid \ufb01l A\u2019lam [The Helpful Encyclopedia of Personalities]. Beirut: Dar Al-\u2018Ilm Lil Malayin, 1999. Badran, Badran Abul \u2018Aynain. Al-Mirath Al-Muqaren [Comparative Heritage]. Cairo: Dar Al-Ma\u2019aref, 1971. Bahrul Uloom, Seyyid Izzuddin. Az-Zawaj \ufb01l Qur\u2019an was-Sunnah [Marriage in the Qur\u2019an and Sunnah], 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Az- Zahra\u2019, 1974. Beirut Shari\u2019ah Of\ufb01ce. \u2018Ahada \u2018Ashara \u2018Aman \ufb01l Khidma Al- Moujtama\u2019 [Eleven Years of Serving Society]. Beirut: Beirut Shari\u2019ah Of\ufb01ce, 1996. Fadlullah, Seyyid Mohammed Hussein. Dunyal Mar\u2019ah [The World of Women]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1997. ---. Kitab Al-Nikah [The Marriage Book]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1996. ---. Te\u2019emmulat Islamiah Hawl Al-Mar\u2019ah [Islamic Philosophy of the Woman]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1997. Fawzi, Ibrahim. Ahkamul Usrah \ufb01l Jahiliah wal-Islam [Family Law Before and After Islam]. Beirut: Dar Al-Kalima, 1983. Hunaif, Abdul Wadood and Abdul Aziz Al-Ghamidi. Al-\u2018Unoosah [Spinsterhood]. Mecca Al-Mukarramah: Dar \u2019Arraya, 1998. Ibn Anas, Malik. Al-Muatta\u2019 [The Foothold]. Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, 1984. Ibn Baz. Sheikh Abdul Aziz. Majmoo\u2019 Fatawa wa Maqalat Mutanawwi\u2019ah [A Total of Various Rulings and Articles], vol. 4. Mecca Al-Mukarramah: (no publisher or year.) Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. Musnad [Predicate]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi (no year). 305","Ibn Qodamah, Abu Mohammed Abdullah. Al-Moghni [The Suf\ufb01cient], vol. 6. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi, 1993. Kamal, Abdullah. \u2018Adda\u2019ara Al-Halal [Lawful Prostitution]. Beirut: Cultural Library, 1997. Kamal, Ali. Al-Jins wan Nafs [Sex and Soul]. Beirut: Arabic Institute for Studies and Publication, 1994. Moghniyah, Sheikh Mohammed Jawad. Al-Fusool Ash-Shari\u2019ah [Sections of Law], 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Ath-Thaqafah, 1974. Moir, Anne and David Jessel. Brain Sex: the Real Difference between Men and Women [Jins Ad-Deemagh]. Trans. Badr Al- Munayyis. New York: Carol Publishing, 1991. Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Nisapuri, Abul Hussein, Sahih Muslim [Muslim\u2019s Authentic Hadiths], vol. 5. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazim, 1995. Ni\u2019mah, Sheikh Abdullah. Daleel Al-Qadaa\u2019 Al-Ja\u2019fari [References for Shi\u2019ah Judges]. Beirut: Dar Al-Balagha, 1996. Qur\u2019an [The Koran]. Sabiq, Sheikh Seyyid. Fiqh As-Sunnah [Doctrine of the Sunnis], vol. 2. Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, 1971. Shaltout, Mahmoud. Fatwat Jawaz Al-Ta\u2019abod Be Math\u2019hab Ash- Shi\u2019ia Al-Imamia [Fatwa on Allowing Following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate School]. Cairo: Dar At-Taqreeb Bainal-Mathahib Al- Islamiah, Of\ufb01ce of the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque, 1958. Tahiry, Habib. Mashakeil Al-Ousra wa Turuk Halluha [Family Problems and Their Solutions]. Beirut: Dar Al-Hadi, 1997. Wasa\u2019il Ash-Shi\u2019ah [The Ways of the Shi\u2019ah]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al- Torath Al-Arabi, 1991. Periodicals Al-Anba\u2019a [The News] [Kuwait]. 28 July 1999: (no page no.). Al-Majallah [The Magazine] [London, U.K.]. 20 July 1996: 70. Al-Qabas [The Firebrand] [Kuwait]. __ Sep. 2002 (no speci\ufb01c date): 20. Al-Qabas. 9 Aug. 2003: 12. Al-Qabas. 6 Dec. 2003: (no page no.). Al-Watan Al-Arabi [The Arab Country] [Lebanon]. 8 May 1986: (no page no.). Al-Yawm [Today] [Bahrain]. 9 July 1986: 14. As-Sa\ufb01r [The Ambassador] [Lebanon]. 12 Feb. 1999: 7. As-Sa\ufb01r. 17 June 1999: (no page no.). 306","Khaleej [Gulf] Times Online [U.A.E.]. 5 Sept. 2005: www. khaleejtimes.com. Kull Al-Ousra [All the Family] [U.A.E.]. 4 Jan. 1995: 166. Kullun Naas [All the People] [Egypt]. __ Jan. 1997 (no speci\ufb01c date): 27. Zahratul Khaleej [Flower of the Gulf] [U.A.E.]. 18 Dec. 1993: 88. Zahratul Khaleej. 22 July 2000: 65. Zahratul Khaleej. 5 Aug. 2000: 23. ***** 307","308","Index ***** Note: Terms are arranged according to the English alphabetical order. Symbols that are not used in English do not affect the order in which the terms are listed, with the exception of words beginning with the gutteral stop. These words are listed before the entries beginning with \u201ca.\u201d See the Glossary for the pronunciation and de\ufb01nition of the Arabic terms. \u00b4 \u00b4ur\ufb01 marriage 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, \u00b4Alamuddin, Mohammed 44 51, 80, 81, 82, 88, 92, 154, \u00b4ameeqah 116, 264 274, 291, 292 \u00b4Amr Ibn Dinar 284, 299 \u00b4aqilah 106, 264, 294 A \u00b4Ata 197, 284, 285, 299 \u00b4azl 188, 264, 284 a\u2019jer 196, 198, 263, 277, 297 \u00b4ibadat 200, 266, 301 Abdul Mohsin, Ali Abu Abdullah 49 \u00b4iddah 71, 114, 120, 125, 140, abortion 241 Abu 263 161, 163, 164, 202, 203, abuse, physical 26, 30, 31, 33, 90, 204, 209, 210, 214, 215, 216, 251, 252, 266, 268, 183 269, 271, 272, 275, 278 abuse, psychological 30, 31, 33, \u00b4ishhad 61, 267 \u00b4ismah 87, 123, 267 90, 107 \u00b4iwathun \u00b4anil bith 58, 272 Abu Bakr 196, 197, 284, 285, 297, \u00b4umrah 197, 274, 284, 285, 299 299 Abu Dawood 100, 171 Abu Dhabi 273 309","Abu Hanifa 71, 105 52, 53 Abu Yousif 71, 105 Al-Moghni 196, 288, 296 Abu Zahra, Mohammed 38 Al-Qabani, Sabri 187 Abu Zubair 285, 299 Al-Qaradawi, Yousif 88, 89, 104 acting a part 185, 186 Al-Samarqandi Al-Hana\ufb01 65 addiction 30, 31, 33 Al-Sha\ufb01\u2019i 47 adoption 241 Al-Shati, Adnan 37, 41 adultery 29, 31, 47, 50, 51, 57, Al-Shawkani 59, 65 Al-Taymi 64 152, 192, 197, 203, 207, Al-Thaqib, Fahad 25 209, 211, 236, 288, 291 Al-Turmuthi 70 affection 141, 142, 219 Al-Zindani, Abdul Majeed 180, age difference 27, 30 age of maturity 56, 69, 77, 81, 181, 265 108, 109, 110, 148, 150, Al-Zu\u2019bi, Nura Ali \u2018Ubaid 50 179, 194, 195, 264 alcoholism 30, 31, 71, 101, 277, Ahlul Bayt, Imams of 62, 68 Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 47, 196, 197, 293, 295 284, 297 alimony 123, 125, 137, 223, 253, AH (Anno Hegirae) 263 Ajman 273 260 Al-Andalusi, Ibn Hazim 46, 47, 73 Allah 264 Al-Ash\u2019ari, Abu Musa 70, 282 An-Nawawi, Yahya Ibn Sharaf Al-Awza\u2019ai, Imam of 52, 171 Al-Azhar 263 199, 298 Al-Azhar Sheikh 45, 46, 199, 201, An-Nisa\u2019i 61, 197, 290 263, 291, 300, 301 analogies 104, 111, 126, 128, 134, Al-Baqir, Mohammed 57, 68, 69, 169 153 Al-Bukhari, Mohammed Ibn Ismael ancestry 43, 73, 74 61, 197, 284, 290 announcement 48, 61, 63, 99, Al-Dubai\u2019i, Ibrahim Ibn Mohammed 51, 52, 287 104, 105, 138, 200, 264, Al-Fatiha 41, 80, 264 289, 294 Al-Hakam Ibn Otaibah 197 Ansar 168, 169, 171, 197, 264, Al-Hasan Al-Basri 64, 73 283, 284 Al-Hasan Al-Halawani 285, 299 Ar-Ra\ufb01\u2019i, Mustafa 196, 197, 198, Al-Hasan Ibn Ali 62, 290 297 Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed 284, Ar-Razi, Abu Abdullah Fakhr Ed- 299 dine 64, 197 Al-Jaziri, Abdul Rahman 66, 292, arkan 56, 264 293, 295, 296 As-Sajjad, Imam 74 Al-Karkhi, Abul Hasan 73 As-Samah, Abdullah Abu 45 Al-Kashshaf 198, 297 At-Tabari 197 Al-Khouly, Sana\u2019a 37 Ath-Thawri, Sofyan 73 Al-Mansour, Salih Ibn Abdul Al-Aziz Awtas 199, 297 Ayesha 70, 264, 282 Az-Zahabi, Mohammed Hussein 61, 289 Az-Zamakhshari 198, 297 Az-Zohri 293 310","B 170, 172, 174, 177, 179, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189, bachelors 49, 50, 51 190, 192, 193, 195, 202, Badran, Badran Abul \u2018Aynain 206 203, 205, 206, 210, 216, Bahrain 26, 265 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, Bahrul Uloom, Izzuddin 57, 62, 227, 228, 231, 232, 242, 245, 253, 254, 255, 256, 63, 168 260, 265, 283 baligh 68, 69, 264 children, travel abroad of 123, 260 balighah 67, 68, 149, 264, 294, child marriage 78, 183 child support 12, 43, 125, 210, 295 260 Beirut 1, 19, 22, 26, 49 Christianity 24, 238, 240 birth control 99, 152, 188, 273 Christians 22, 37, 38, 40, 144, black magic 31 237, 238 boredom 31 coitus interruptus 188, 264, 284 breastfeeding 202, 203, 205, 221 companionship 39, 40, 47, 116 brotherhood 39, 73, 148 comparison 66, 163, 229, 271 buloogh 69, 71, 77, 78, 264 compatibility 3, 5, 36, 37, 41, 45, Burayd 69 73, 83, 97, 115, 125, 128, business contracts 63, 64, 66, 67, 142, 145, 155, 156, 160, 176, 177, 206, 216, 217, 122, 132, 210, 276, 294 219, 242 competence 56, 71, 73, 74, 75, C 76, 80, 81, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 132, 140, calendar conversion 263 150, 157, 162, 172, 173, Caliph 73, 196, 264 174, 177, 190, 192, 201, call for Islam 51, 264 223, 267, 271 career 15, 29, 30, 106, 123, 167, conscience 45, 90, 96, 101, 131, 143, 144, 187 174, 175, 228, 260 consummation of marriage 41, 66, caretaking 29 69, 120, 146, 164, 278, 292 change after marriage 30 corruption 51, 69, 74, 101, 106, chaperon 38, 39 140, 166, 211, 282, 296 child\u2019s ancestry 43, 45, 63, 101, courts 24, 26, 27, 31, 32, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 53, 60, 80, 95, 102, 104, 203, 210, 220, 108, 123, 124, 135, 148, 221, 265, 294 149, 224, 226, 245, 253, childbearing 99, 283 274, 292 childbirth 29, 203, 207, 260 cousins 84, 159, 164 children 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, covenant 57, 245, 257, 277 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 43, crime 12, 24, 26, 30, 40, 83, 138, 44, 45, 46, 50, 63, 75, 78, 174, 205, 260 80, 83, 85, 95, 96, 99, 101, custody 12, 123, 137, 157, 223, 102, 104, 106, 110, 115, 116, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 135, 136, 137, 141, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 311","260 divorce statistics 25, 26 customs and traditions 12, 14, 22, divorce story 8, 19 DNA testing 102, 110, 136 27, 31, 38, 42, 60, 76, 77, dofoof 264, 289 85, 86, 87, 88, 103, 107, dowry 19, 41, 44, 46, 56, 57, 58, 114, 122, 146, 185, 214, 222, 232, 234 59, 60, 62, 76, 81, 93, 99, 100, 107, 109, 121, 123, D 138, 145, 155, 156, 173, 177, 189, 196, 198, 201, da\u00b4wah 51, 264 203, 204, 206, 215, 223, daughters 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 19, 20, 224, 242, 243, 244, 249, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 21, 37, 42, 60, 68, 73, 84, 291, 293, 297 106, 107, 110, 139, 140, dowry paid by woman 60 141, 149, 151, 152, 153, dowry repayment 19, 60, 87, 93, 157, 167, 168, 170, 171, 204, 259, 268 173, 195, 196, 215, 222, dowry size 58, 59, 60, 109, 110, 225, 273, 278, 282, 283, 123, 223, 252, 259, 281 296, 297 drug use 30, 31 decision-making 30, 78, 121, 151, drums 105, 138 183, 259, 260, 264 Dubai 50, 273 de\ufb02oration 141, 146 denial of marriage 43, 44, 61, 63, E 101, 104, 110, 289 denial of paternity 43, 44, 101, education 19, 20, 21, 29, 30, 36, 104, 110, 177 43, 44, 74, 110, 115, 121, Dhahiri school 264, 289 123, 138, 152, 157, 164, dhenni 198, 264, 297 167, 175, 176, 177, 183, dinar 264 185, 186, 191, 194, 195, disabilities, physical 29 228, 260 divorce, causes of 27, 28, 32, 33, 175 Egypt 25, 43, 44, 46, 49, 60, 71, divorce, extra payment 19, 41 78, 95, 263, 274, 291, 292, divorce, planning for 122, 123, 302 124, 223, 224, 226, 260 divorc\u00e9es 19, 26, 42, 46, 49, 50, emotion 141, 216 70, 71, 80, 93, 94, 115, 144, engagement 19, 38, 39, 40, 41, 156, 164, 192, 204, 232, 249, 253, 255, 275, 282, 42, 78, 80, 92, 93, 241, 249, 294, 295 264, 269 divorce and children 24, 25, 85, 96, 122, 123, 124, 125, 158, F 223, 224, 256 divorce and society 24, 80, 85 Fadlullah, Mohammed Hussein divorce and women\u2019s freedom 25 59, 73 divorce procedure 32 false information 29, 143, 208, 230, 259 family choosing spouse 4, 7, 37, 67, 68, 70, 84, 106, 107, 312","182, 282, 293, 296 \ufb01xed features 109, 124, 155, 159, family interference 29, 31, 33, 72, 181, 218, 232, 236, 237, 238 175, 190, 259 \ufb02ags 105 family law 66, 70, 71, 72, 78, 290 foreplay 188, 284 farewell pilgrimage 199, 298 fourth marriage 171 fate 143, 182, 226, 227, 271 freedom of choice 37, 62, 68, 69, Fateh Mecca 199, 265, 298 father-daughter story 173 70, 71, 84, 105, 106, 107, fathers 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, 22, 25, 33, 108, 110, 140, 141, 149, 150, 172, 173, 174, 179, 43, 50, 60, 67, 68, 70, 71, 180, 190, 200, 227, 254, 75, 105, 106, 107, 110, 121, 255, 268, 282, 283, 294, 295 123, 124, 134, 139, 140, friendship 39, 80, 92, 114, 151, 141, 146, 149, 150, 151, 180, 216, 217, 218, 243, 272 157, 158, 160, 165, 167, friend marriage 180, 181, 265 168, 170, 171, 173, 183, frigidity 146 190, 193, 203, 220, 222, Fujairah 273 223, 225, 255, 263, 265, fuqaha\u2019 65, 265 274, 282, 296 fatwa 52, 88, 89, 101, 102, 103, G 171, 180, 199, 201, 210, 211, 263, 265, 287, 301, 302 gender differences 87, 106, 228, Fawzi, Ibrahim 66, 70, 290 255 feeqah 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, ghosl 187, 265 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, ghosl al-janaba 187, 265 136, 137, 140, 141, 142, gift giving 18, 58, 59, 93, 242, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 260, 276 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, going steady 241 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, gradation 124, 155, 156 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, gradualness 147, 185, 186, 191, 186, 191, 192, 194, 195, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 217, 219, 228, 229, 230, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 231, 238, 241, 242, 248, 221, 222, 225, 228, 230, 249, 253, 256, 268 234, 237, 238, 240, 241, guardian 60, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 243, 244, 248, 249, 250, 69, 70, 71, 91, 105, 106, 251, 253, 254, 265 107, 108, 110, 140, 141, feeqah terminology 113, 116, 243 149, 172, 174, 180, 194, female aggression 28, 30 200, 274, 276, 282, 293, \ufb01nancial problems 25, 28, 30, 31, 295, 296 41, 175 guardianship 56, 67, 68, 69, 70, \ufb01qh 265 71, 76, 81, 99, 105, 106, \ufb01rash 203, 265 109, 110, 123, 139, 150, \ufb01tneh 74, 265, 282 180, 260, 274, 293, 295, 296 Gulf countries 26, 40, 42, 49, 51, 88, 265, 291 H 313","hadiths 13, 14, 58, 59, 61, 66, 70, 47, 48, 208 81, 99, 100, 165, 171, 173, hymen 144, 145, 147 188, 196, 197, 198, 199, hypocrisy 233 208, 257, 264, 265, 269, 271, 272, 281, 289, 293, 297 I hadith quotation 13, 57, 59, 61, Ibn 266 64, 65, 68, 70, 73, 74, 81, Ibn Abbas, Abdullah 68, 107, 188, 88, 99, 107, 112, 157, 163, 168, 171, 172, 173, 187, 196, 198, 282, 284, 297, 298 188, 197, 231, 234, 257, Ibn Abi Shaybeh, Uthman 298, 298, 299 299 Hafsa 168, 265, 283 Ibn Abi Talib, Ali 197, 234, 285 hajj 274 Ibn Al-Khattab, Omar 196, 282 hajr 69, 266 Ibn Al-Munthir 100 halal 210, 266 Ibn Al-Qasim 284, 299 Hana\ufb01 school 61, 65, 77, 78, 100, Ibn Az-Zubair, Abdullah 62, 100, 105, 131, 139, 201, 266, 290 292, 293 Ibn Baz, Abdul Aziz 52, 287 Hanbali school 61, 70, 105, 266, Ibn Beshshar, Mohammed 284, 292, 293 hanee\ufb01ah 64, 257, 266, 282 299 Hanif, Abdul Wadood 46 Ibn Bishr 298 happiness vs. longevity 83 Ibn Haroon, Yazeed 100 haraj 200, 266 Ibn Ja\u2019far, Mohammed 284, 299 haram 96, 181, 196, 266, 297 Ibn Jurayj 285, 299 Hashemite 73, 266 Ibn Mas\u2019ood, Abdullah 196 headscarf 114, 139, 144, 155, Ibn Mehdi, Abdul Rahman 100 239, 266 Ibn Numayr Al-Hemdani, Moham- Hegira 263, 274 hidden intention to divorce 51, 52, med Ibn Abdullah 298 53, 80, 91, 95, 96, 125, 126, Ibn Omar, Abdullah 62, 100, 290 129, 130, 198, 201, 274, 287 Ibn Omar, Salim 62, 290 hijab 114, 139, 144, 239, 266 Ibn Qodamah, Abu Mohammed Hijazi, Mohammed 25 hijri 244, 266 Abdullah 196, 288, 296 homelessness 27, 90, 97, 224, Ibn Ra\ufb01\u2019i, Mohammed 285, 299 256 Ibn Rush Al-Hafeed 71 honor killing 12, 40 Ibn Shihab Az-Zohri 70 houseguests 260 Ibn Shu\u2019beh, Al-Mughirah 171, housework 106, 121, 183, 222, 223, 260 197, 283, 284, 299 Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019 199, 266, 298 Ibn Zuray\u2019 284, 299 Hunain 199, 297 ignorance 13, 63, 74, 88, 144, husband\u2019s right to sex 87 husband\u2019s sexual obligation 46, 221, 234, 257, 267, 276, 278, 285 Ihsaan 51, 207, 266 ijab 57, 100, 106, 243, 244, 249, 267, 271 Ijmaa\u2019 64, 199, 267, 297 314","ijtihad 101, 267 301 ila ajalin mosamma 196, 267, 271 itlaq 201, 267 Imamate 267 Imamate school 197, 198, 199, J 200, 201, 300, 301 Ja\u2019fari school 200, 214, 267, 289, Imams 52, 57, 61, 62, 68, 69, 74, 301 100, 102, 169, 188, 197, Ja\u2019far As-Sadiq 69, 188 232, 234, 267, 284, 285, Jabir Ibn Abdullah 197, 284, 285, 289, 291 Imam quotation 68, 69, 74, 169, 299 171, 188, 197, 234, 284, 285 Jadul Haqq, Jadul Haqq Ali 45 immaturity 30 jahili 74, 144, 267 in-laws 25, 29, 31, 33, 42, 121, Jahiliah 66, 70, 74, 267, 290 122, 134, 160, 202, 203, Jarir 298 220, 221, 222 jealousy 31, 159, 227 incest 203, 205, 221 joint guardianship 71, 124, 260 incompatibility 5, 8, 30, 32, 33, 41, jomhoor 52, 64, 267, 288 93, 158, 240 Judgment Day 99, 131, 152, 156, incompetence 71, 93, 108, 135 independent home 29, 31, 123, 172, 174 259 jurisprudence 66, 103, 120, 133, India 60 inheritance 45, 71, 125, 202, 203, 188, 199, 201, 205, 214, 205, 206, 207, 238, 260 265, 301 interfaith marriage 74, 205 intermediate husband 120, 204, K 270 interpretation 28, 52, 58, 61, 62, kaaba 274 65, 71, 88, 99, 102, 103, kafa\u2019ah 73, 267 197, 198, 270, 273 Kamal, Abdullah 45 interracial marriage 73 Khadija 165, 168, 170, 233, 268 invalid marriage 66, 70, 71, 105, Khaiber 199, 298 155, 161, 196, 201, 202, khalwah 13, 81, 113, 203, 248, 203, 250, 282 Iran 49 268, 281 Iraq 49 khitbah 171, 268 Islam 267 khul\u2019 87, 268 Islamic calendar 263 Kuwait 8, 9, 25, 26, 265 Ismael Ibn Abi Khalid 298, 299 ISO system 111, 112, 218, 239, L 240 Isra\u2019 Surah 174, 271, 273 Law, William 37 istemta\u2019na 267, 285, 299 law of registration 44, 45 istemta\u2019tum 196 Lebanon 4, 8, 26, 49, 60, 243, 257 Ithna\u2019ashari school 71, 199, 200, lifestyle 28, 30, 36, 95, 104, 189, 191 literalism 264 living abroad 19, 29, 43, 48, 51, 52, 95, 208, 209, 260, 287, 288 315","living expenses 12, 46, 48, 49, 59, marriage contract 19, 26, 44, 56, 91, 93, 123, 145, 192 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 78, 94, 97, living with relatives 27, 29, 259 100, 101, 120, 121, 122, loans 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 276 123, 124, 134, 135, 155, loneliness 30 195, 201, 223, 225, 243, love 3, 25, 29, 50, 58, 73, 84, 106, 245, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 289, 292, 295 131, 132, 133, 134, 141, 142, 146, 153, 159, 160, marriage contract conditions 47, 163, 169, 175, 177, 178, 48, 49, 53, 96, 97, 100, 109, 185, 188, 209, 215, 216, 111, 113, 119, 121, 122, 123, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 124, 127, 129, 132, 138, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 145, 146, 154, 155, 161, 231, 232, 283 166, 175, 176, 202, 203, lunar calendar 244, 263, 266 204, 205, 206, 207, 223, 224, 225, 226, 230, 249, M 250, 251, 255 ma\u2019thoon 43, 268 marriage contract elements 56, maharim 203, 220, 268 81, 109 maintenance allowance 48, 123, marriage contract renegotiation 125, 154, 202, 204, 206, 260 207, 238, 252, 260, 269, 270 makrooh 74, 181, 196, 268, 291, marriage contract renewal 121, 297 132, 135, 147, 177, 185, male authority 12, 25, 32, 70, 105, 204, 219, 242, 248, 249, 106, 107, 110, 124, 129, 251, 265, 269, 272 139, 173, 294, 296 Maliki school 65, 66, 70, 77, 100, marriage contract termination 42, 102, 104, 105, 201, 268, 162, 177, 204, 221, 230, 289, 292, 293, 294 251, 274, 288 Malik Ibn Anas 61, 100, 102, 188, 289, 290, 294 marriage contract wording 57, 99, manhood 28, 30, 139, 223 138, 173, 203, 238, 244, mansookh 197, 198, 268, 297 249, 250 Mansour Ibn Hazim 69, 297 marital con\ufb02ict 2, 24, 26, 29, 30, marriage proposal 47, 49, 56, 57, 31, 33, 37, 85, 92, 121, 122, 73, 74, 81, 99, 109, 153, 123, 124, 130, 134, 136, 155, 168, 169, 171, 186, 190, 217, 223, 224, 259 267, 268, 271, 282, 283, 293 marital happiness 83, 171, 183 marital harmony 37 marriage proposal acceptance 56, marital home 19, 28, 29, 80, 83, 57, 58, 81, 99, 100, 109, 93, 121, 134, 139, 145, 147, 129, 138, 146, 155, 201, 176, 181, 183, 259 202, 223, 267, 271, 293 marriage as a joke 106, 296 marriage registration 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 136, 149, 157 marriage statistics 26, 49, 50 marrying for money 19, 30, 74, 147, 186, 217, 218, 219 masturbation 298, 299 316","maternity 92, 183, 188, 190 Moses (pbuh) 95, 168, 269 mature marriage 140, 191, 193, mosque 61, 65, 263, 269, 281 mostafeedah 197, 269 213 motewaatirah 197, 269 Mecca 199, 263, 265, 268, 274, mothers 1, 4, 5, 14, 16, 19, 22, 29, 298 33, 50, 60, 75, 84, 90, 112, mediators 135 121, 122, 123, 124, 134, Medina 168, 263, 264, 268, 283 150, 151, 152, 157, 162, meeladi 244, 268 167, 170, 188, 190, 205, meeqah 114, 115, 116, 120, 124, 210, 220, 221, 223, 225, 255 mu\u2019amalat 200, 269, 301 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, mufti 269, 287 132, 133, 134, 136, 140, muhallil 120, 204, 270 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, muhkamat 198, 268, 270, 297 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, mujtahid 270, 296 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, mujtahideen 64, 200, 270, 301 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, mujtahideen meqbooloon 301 175, 176, 186, 191, 192, mukhtalafun \u2018alayh 70, 270 193, 194, 195, 206, 211, mula\u2019inah 205, 270 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, multiple relationships 161, 162, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 163, 229, 230, 231, 232, 225, 228, 229, 230, 234, 242, 249, 268 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, music 14 244, 248, 249, 250, 251, Muslims 270 253, 254, 269 Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Nisapuri, meeqah terminology 114, 116, 243 Abul Hussein 61, 197, 290 menstruation 47, 164, 202, 203, Musnad 197, 284 207, 209, 215, 216, 251, mustahabb 61, 76, 270, 274 252, 266, 275 mut\u2019ah 53, 91, 92, 94, 97, 119, mental illness 24, 31, 33, 137, 121, 130, 195, 196, 197, 139, 163, 205, 260, 294 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, Messenger of Allah (pbuh) 269 204, 205, 208, 211, 214, milcheh 19, 40, 42, 93, 269 215, 270, 284, 285, 288, missionary work 51, 264 297, 298, 299 misyar 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 80, mutual agreement 37, 56, 87, 121, 81, 82, 88, 89, 92, 104, 154, 172, 259, 260, 270 269, 291 mixing between the sexes 14, 112, N 113, 154, 230 Moghniyeh, Mohammed Jawad 57 nafaqah 202, 270 Mohammed, Hanifa student 71 nakahtoum 120, 270, 278 Mohammed (pbuh) 269 negatives 13, 20, 25, 30, 32, 35, morality 11, 12, 75, 90, 91, 93, 97, 140, 148, 151, 152, 166, 36, 37, 39, 42, 50, 72, 92, 180, 231, 236, 241, 248, 112, 137, 184, 207, 209, 268, 285 212, 219, 229, 234, 236, 237 Morocco 88 317","negativity 134, 139, 146, 162, peace be upon him 271 164, 212 permanent contracts 80, 93, 101, neglect 29, 30, 44, 86 121, 163, 177, 202, 203, nestemti\u2019 267, 270, 285, 299 207, 211, 243 new order 52 permanent marriage 47, 80, 92, Ni\u2019mah, Abdullah 56 94, 96, 97, 98, 108, 115, nikah 120, 270 121, 125, 129, 132, 135, non-\ufb01xed features 109, 110, 111, 136, 137, 140, 145, 147, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 124, 154, 156, 181, 218, 237 160, 161, 164, 166, 173, non-Muslims 4, 74, 198, 205, 237, 175, 176, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 240, 241, 243 195, 196, 201, 202, 203, non-virgins 41, 60, 69, 115, 144, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 213, 214, 215, 216, 219, 145, 156, 158, 161, 163, 220, 222, 231, 235, 244, 164, 209, 272, 273 251, 252, 254, 266, 268, nostalgia 192 269, 272 physical attraction 30, 39, 73, 74, O 84, 92, 99, 141, 186, 217, 218, 219, 283 Oman 265 physical illness 9, 24, 31, 50, 51, Omar 197, 284, 285, 299 191, 205, 206, 260 Omran bin Hussein 197, 284 pilgrimage 196, 197, 266, 297 oukeya 60, 270 pillars 56, 264 overstepping boundaries 97, 127, positives 13, 20, 35, 36, 162, 207, 212, 213, 219, 229, 234, 236 128, 129, 132, 136, 147, positivity 134, 162, 222 153, 250 pregnancy 43, 80, 135, 136, 144, 157, 177, 210, 215, 241 P Prince Salman Social Center 26 privacy 92, 114, 115, 148, 152, Pakistan 60 159, 163, 259 parents 2, 3, 25, 27, 41, 43, 44, privacy, lack of 39 Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions 52, 50, 53, 72, 75, 80, 82, 84, 62, 65, 196, 232, 271, 290 89, 92, 93, 95, 97, 102, 123, Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) wives 62, 70, 124, 136, 140, 141, 145, 165, 168, 233, 264, 265, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 268, 272, 274, 282, 283, 290 153, 160, 174, 179, 180, Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) 52, 182, 183, 188, 189, 190, 57, 58, 59, 62, 64, 65, 68, 191, 194, 195, 203, 221, 70, 81, 88, 99, 107, 130, 224, 236, 245, 265 131, 144, 147, 165, 168, passports 43, 123 169, 170, 171, 172, 187, past vs. present 32, 48, 102, 110, 196, 197, 198, 200, 231, 121, 152, 171, 182, 183, 184, 257 paternity 92, 102, 110, 136, 146, 174, 186, 188, 189, 190 pause between contracts 133 pbuh 271 318","232, 233, 235, 268, 269, rejection of Islam 104, 205 273, 278, 281, 282, 283, relationship counseling 4, 5, 23, 284, 285, 288, 289, 290, 297, 298, 299 259 prostitution 50, 65, 208, 209, 210, religious differences 28, 31, 33 211, 282 religious obligations 32, 76 proxy 57, 100, 146, 249, 250, 267, remarriage 71, 120, 140, 158, 271 puberty 77, 105, 110, 148, 149, 192, 204, 220, 270, 275 195, 264 renegotiation 260 reproduction 186, 188, 190 Q reputation 19, 42, 93, 94, 104, Qatar 26, 88, 89, 265 160, 161, 164, 171, 185, Qays 298 236, 242 qintar 60, 271 rescue marriage 211 qismaw wa naseeb 226, 227, 271 responsible character 78, 149, qiyas 66, 271 271 qubool 57, 100, 106, 244, 249, Rezzaq, Abdul 285, 299 right to divorce 87, 123, 260, 267 250, 267, 271, 296 Riyadh 26 Qur\u2019an 271 romantic love 40, 73, 132, 175, Qur\u2019anic verses 13, 14, 41, 59, 62, 178, 217, 224, 230 roshd 78, 149, 150, 151, 195, 271 80, 263, 264, 267, 270, 273 Qur\u2019anic verse quotation 47, 57, S 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, Sa\u2019d Ibn Muslim 69, 188 69, 71, 72, 81, 82, 86, 88, Sabiq, Seyyid 46, 51, 287, 294, 89, 120, 138, 139, 157, 158, 163, 164, 168, 169, 174, 295 196, 198, 211, 227, 231, sadaq 58, 272 235, 254, 256, 257, 275, sadaqah Shari\u2019ah 243, 272 297, 298 sadd bab ath-thara\u2019ia\u2019 113 Sa\ufb01ah 62, 272, 290 R sa\ufb01h 69, 272 sa\ufb01hah 67, 272 rabbaiani 174 sahih 272 Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal 271, 302 Sahih Al-Bukhari 197 rafeeqah 116, 271 Sahih Muslim 197, 284, 298 raj\u2019ee 271 Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 197, 284, rashid 68, 69, 149, 271 rashidah 67, 68, 69, 106, 141, 299 Satan 13, 81, 281 149, 151, 271 satisfaction 14, 37, 50, 73, 74, 89, Ras Al-Khaimah 273 Rawh 284, 299 100, 175, 176, 189, 195, reconciliation 32, 120, 216, 270, 201, 256, 257, 282 satisfaction, lack of 31, 33 271 Saudi Arabia 26, 51, 52, 265, 287, reeba 112, 271 291 319","schools of thought 66, 71, 83, 86, 105, 131, 272, 292, 293 105, 107, 108, 131, 133, Shaltout, Mahmoud 199, 201, 301 149, 198, 200, 201, 247, Shar\u2019i 81, 243, 272, 273 273, 296, 300 Shari\u2019ah 13, 14, 23, 26, 38, 43, scienti\ufb01c advancement 86, 102, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 60, 67, 103, 110 74, 76, 77, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 102, 103, second marriage 29, 31, 49, 57, 104, 105, 107, 108, 112, 62, 87, 153, 171, 212, 213, 124, 129, 130, 137, 139, 214, 220, 221, 259, 260, 277 143, 145, 149, 150, 153, 159, 161, 162, 169, 170, secrecy 105, 173, 221 172, 173, 174, 181, 187, secret dating 77, 143, 161, 221, 188, 189, 195, 200, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 289 213, 214, 216, 221, 222, secret marriage 29, 42, 63, 100, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 241, 243, 245, 248, 104, 221, 269, 291 266, 270, 271, 272, 273, seeqah 114, 115, 116, 120, 127, 289, 301, 305 Sharjah 44, 273 128, 129, 136, 146, 147, Sheikh 272 155, 156, 157, 158, 166, Shi\u2019ia 272 176, 186, 187, 189, 195, Shi\u2019ite 273 211, 220, 240, 241, 243, shobhah 182, 273 244, 249, 252, 272 Shu\u2019aib (pbuh) 168, 273 self-interest 135, 250 siblings 2, 4, 5, 12, 25, 27, 38, 50, self-sacri\ufb01cers 50 60, 90, 96, 97, 99, 110, 112, sel\ufb01shness 30, 53, 90, 107, 147, 113, 114, 121, 126, 127, 162, 186, 217, 218, 219, 140, 145, 148, 152, 159, 231, 233, 236 163, 166, 173, 203, 205, separate with kindness 158, 231, 218, 231, 233, 245, 250, 242, 260, 275 265, 283 separation 12, 25, 27, 29, 31, 53, simultaneous contracts 161, 230 83, 90, 112, 125, 188, 216, sinning 40, 43, 47, 48, 51, 80, 89, 225, 231, 273 113, 115, 136, 139, 143, separation without divorce 205 167, 172, 179, 181, 182, sexual intercourse 46, 93, 94, 120, 189, 194, 195, 203, 207, 127, 145, 155, 156, 158, 209, 211, 212, 217, 221, 164, 176, 177, 178, 187, 231, 236, 248, 266, 274, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 289, 291 210, 215, 251, 252, 264, slaves 62, 68, 205, 278, 296 270, 272, 289 social status 12, 30, 74, 84, 99, sexual needs 29, 37, 41, 47, 48, 109, 110, 137, 147, 151, 50, 73, 77, 92, 95, 114, 115, 185, 217, 218, 283 158, 177, 181, 186, 187, solar calendar 244, 263, 268 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 208, 210, 211, 213, 233 sexual problems 29, 31, 33, 41 Seyyid 272 Sha\ufb01\u2019i school 61, 66, 70, 77, 100, 320","sons 1, 6, 8, 37, 62, 73, 84, 95, 245, 265, 268, 269, 272 152, 153, 169, 173, 179, temporary contracts, early termina- 225, 283, 290 tion 132, 230, 251, 274 sorcery 31 temporary contract length 94, 124, Spanier, Graham 37 spinsters 46, 49, 50, 70, 115, 156, 132, 135, 136, 145, 156, 158, 175, 176, 186, 187, 181, 282 189, 201, 206, 211, 215, statistical inaccuracy 26 217, 242, 248, 249, 252 sterility 27, 29, 31, 99, 115, 190, temporary marriage 53, 96, 112, 119, 125, 126, 130, 135, 220, 283 164, 195, 206, 207, 209, Sunnah 46, 51, 57, 62, 70, 99, 211, 215, 216, 220, 244, 247, 251, 252, 253, 254, 100, 109, 168, 171, 196, 266, 270 197, 199, 202, 203, 237, temptations 47, 50, 51, 208 273, 287, 288, 289, 294, testemti\u2019oo 273, 284, 299 295, 297, 305 thayyib 140, 141, 273 Sunni 273 third divorce 120, 204, 270 suspicion 7, 31, 92, 102, 105, 115, third marriage 171 136, 137, 139, 140, 159, Thompson, Linda 37 160, 227, 228 timing 95, 97, 98, 121, 125, 131, Syria 71, 78 132, 133, 155, 172, 173, 175, 177, 198, 201, 204, T 242, 249 ta\u2019arof Shar\u2019i 243, 272, 273 U Tabook 199, 298 tafseer 197, 273 Ubayy Ibn Ka\u2019b 196, 298 tahdeed an-nasi\u2019 188, 273 Umm Al-Qaiwain 273 tahreef 199, 273 United Arab Emirates 26, 50, 265, tambourines 264, 289 tan-kah 120, 273, 275 273 Tantaoui, Mohammed 46, 291 unmarriageability 203, 220, 221, taqyeed 201, 273 team spirit, lack of 31 222, 268 tebeen 205, 273 upbringing 43, 74, 75, 77, 110, teenage dating 194, 195, 241 teenage marriage 8, 19, 78, 140, 123, 148, 152, 179, 194, 195, 212, 233 293 utterance 44, 99, 100, 109, 243, temporary contracts 91, 92, 94, 250 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 113, V 119, 125, 126, 128, 129, 132, 135, 136, 145, 149, viewing the girl\u2019s body 38, 39, 114, 154, 158, 163, 173, 177, 144, 171, 172 186, 187, 189, 194, 195, 199, 207, 209, 211, 212, violence against men 30 213, 215, 221, 242, 244, violence against women 26, 30, 40, 147, 183 321","virginity 40, 80, 114, 144, 146, 178 words of love 132, 153, 178 virgins 41, 69, 70, 71, 105, 115, words of marriage 57, 97, 100, 129, 140, 144, 145, 156, 106, 153, 203, 243, 244, 157, 158, 163, 176, 269, 249, 271, 296 282, 294, 295 wrong reasons to marry 72, 175, visitation rights 137, 260 191, 240 WY wajib 61, 76, 274 Yemen 180, 265 Waki\u2019 298, 299 Yemoot, Salah 49 waliyy 65, 274, 282 yeqeeni 198, 264, 274, 297 wedding 8, 42, 48, 60, 62, 66, Yezid 284, 299 yohassin 207, 274 122, 138, 146, 154, 259, 290, 292 Z Western clothing 239 Western social chaos 218, 239, Zaidi school 70, 199, 301 240, 241, 242 Zainab 62, 274, 290 Western society 8, 14, 26, 144, Zararah 68, 69 152, 163, 181, 182, 217, zawaj bi-niat al-talaq 51, 270, 274 218, 222, 239, 240, 241, zina 210, 274 242, 243 Western women 3, 8, 12, 13, 152, 232, 239, 241, 242 widows 19, 46, 49, 50, 70, 71, 115, 144, 156, 204, 221, 232, 249, 251, 282, 294, 295 wife\u2019s refusal of sex 60 wilayah 67, 274 witnessing 31, 33, 44, 48, 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 76, 81, 91, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 109, 110, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 147, 172, 173, 180, 200, 201, 276, 281, 282, 289, 290, 292, 294, 295 woman proposing 109, 165, 168, 169, 170, 233, 283 woman viewing girl\u2019s body 38, 39 women as merchandise 11, 12, 58, 59, 60, 170, 281 words of contract termination 251, 274 words of divorce 32 322","","","",""]