["201 Caliph \u2013 past male leader of a Muslim state; see also Imams and Sheikh da\u2019wah \u2013 missionary work; call for Islam Dhahiri \u2013 school of thought that accepts the literal meaning of the text dhenni \u2013 indefinite; said of the hadiths; contrasted with yeqeeni; see also hadith dinar \u2013 a currency of historical times and still in use in some countries today dofoof \u2013 tambourines; a metaphor for announcing a marriage Fateh Mecca \u2013 the Muslim conquest of Mecca in 8 AH (630 AD); see also Mecca fatwa \u2013 Islamic legal ruling; fatawa plural; see also Al-Azhar, ijtihad, mufti, and mujtahid feeqah \u2013 the second stage of acquaintance in the system of The Leap; between introduction and meeqah; the boy and girl arrive at a temporary contract and get acquainted by treating each other as siblings; the contract may or may not be renewed; the contract may be renewed for feeqah again or for meeqah; see also The Leap, meeqah, and rafeeqah fiqh \u2013 Shari'ah jurisprudence; understanding; see also fatwa, fuqaha, hadith, Shari\u2019ah, and Sunnah firash \u2013 bed; the place where the child is born; based on al-walad lil-firash, meaning the child is to be related to the father even if born out of wedlock fitneh \u2013 a disturbance friend marriage \u2013 new form of lawful marriage, similar to milcheh, proposed by Sheikh Al-Zindani of Yemen for people not ready to set up a marital home; the groom lives with his parents and the bride lives with her parents; the couple is allowed to meet for intimate encounters; see also milcheh fuqaha\u2019 \u2013 Shari\u2019ah jurists; see also fiqh and Shari\u2019ah ghosl \u2013 partial ablution ghosl al-janaba \u2013 total ablution after sex Gulf countries \u2013 the six countries along the southwestern Arabian Gulf coast (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the U.A.E).; see also U.A.E. hadith \u2013 narration by a prophet of Islam; see also dhenni, mostafeedah, motewaatirah, mukhtalafun \u2018alayh, Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions, and sahih Hafsa \u2013 one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed hajr \u2013 under guardianship due to incompetence; see also safih, safihah, and wilayah","202 halal \u2013 actions that are religiously lawful; allowed by Shari\u2019ah; contrasted with haram; see also makrooh, mustahabb, and Shari\u2019ah Hanafi \u2013 Sunni school of thought; see also Sunni Hanbali \u2013 Sunni school of thought; see also Sunni haneefiah \u2013 message haraj \u2013 circumstances or activity leading to critical embarrassment or difficulty haram \u2013 actions that are religiously unlawful; forbidden by Shari\u2019ah; contrasted with halal and Shar\u2019i; see also makrooh, mustahabb, and Shari\u2019ah Hashemite \u2013 royal family member claiming direct descent from the Prophet (pbuh); see also Mohammed hijab \u2013 headscarf worn by a woman to cover her hair and neck hijri \u2013 lunar calendar; contrasted with meeladi; see also AH and Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019 \u2013 the last pilgrimage to Mecca made by the Prophet (pbuh); see also Mecca and Mohammed \u2018ibadat \u2013 acts of worship; contrasted with mu\u2019amalat; see also mosque Ibn \u2013 son of; part of some men\u2019s names; see also Abu \u2018iddah \u2013 time period that a divorced woman, if she had sex in her marriage, waits before entering into the next temporary or permanent marriage; the \u2018iddah after divorce from temporary marriage is two menstrual cycles (45 to 60 days) or 45 days for young women who do not menstruate; the \u2018iddah after divorce from permanent marriage is 3 menstrual cycles (75 to 90 days); divorced women after menopause have no \u2018iddah; all widows observe an \u2018iddah of four months and 10 days Ihsaan \u2013 protection from falling into forbidden sexual acts; see also yohassin and zina ijab \u2013 the first part of the proposal in the marriage contract; the words uttered by the woman or her proxy that state the basis for the agreement of the marriage; answered by qubool, the man\u2019s acceptance of the terms of the agreement; one of the requirements of the temporary or permanent marriage contract; see also arkan, nikah, and qubool Ijmaa\u2019 \u2013 opinion that all or almost all scholars agree on; see also jomhoor ijtihad \u2013 intellectual process for reaching a fatwa; see also fatwa and mujtahid ila ajalin mosamma \u2013 a specific time period; part of the Qur\u2019anic verse 4:24; see also a\u2019jer and Qur\u2019an Imamate \u2013 office of an Imam; Shi\u2019ite school of thought that believes in all 12 Imams; see also Imams and Shi\u2019ite","203 Imams \u2013 male religious and secular leaders exercising authority in an Islamic state; see also Caliph, Imamate, and Sheikh \u2018ishhad \u2013 witnessing of a contract, including marriage; two witnesses are needed Islam \u2013 religion that is based on the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed and the worship of Allah as God; the word Islam has a double meaning: peace and submission to one God; see also Allah \u2018ismah \u2013 the right to divorce istemta\u2019na\u2019 \u2013 (sexual) enjoyment; see also nestemti\u2019 and testemti\u2019oo itlaq \u2013 non-restriction; concept used in the marriage contract; contrasted with taqyeed Ja\u2019fari \u2013 Shi\u2019ite school of thought; see also Shi\u2019ite jahili \u2013 ignorant; mentality of the Jahiliah (pre-Islamic era) jomhoor \u2013 majority; refers to majority of scholars; see also Ijmaa\u2019 kafa\u2019ah \u2013 mental competence; see also rashid and rashidah Khadija \u2013 first wife of the Prophet; a wealthy businesswoman who proposed marriage to Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed khalwah \u2013 situation when a man and woman are alone together; they are not closely related or married to each other khitbah \u2013 proposal of marriage; see also ijab khul\u2019 \u2013 type of divorce; the wife gives up her dowry so the husband will grant the divorce; once divorced, they cannot reunite without a new marriage contract even during her \u2018iddah; contrasted with raj\u2019ee; see also \u2018iddah The Leap \u2013 a system for lawful acquaintance before marriage between a man and woman; the aim is to find the best possible partner for permanent marriage; based on morality, good intentions, freedom of choice, multiple relationships, and the principle that thorough and gradual acquaintance is required for marriage to succeed; there are five stages: introduction, feeqah, meeqah, seeqah, and permanent marriage; the middle three are bound by lawful temporary contracts; see also feeqah, meeqah, and seeqah maharim \u2013 unmarriageable relatives makrooh \u2013 actions that are not recommended, or are recommended to abstain from; not as acceptable as halal or mustahabb or as unacceptable as haram; contrasted with mustahabb Maliki \u2013 Sunni school of thought; see also Sunni","204 mansookh \u2013 verses that may be voided; contrasted with muhkamat; see also Qur\u2019an ma\u2019thoon \u2013 a licensed cleric; he can perform marriages and grant divorces Mecca \u2013 the holiest city of Islam; birthplace of Mohammed (pbuh); also called Mecca Al-Mukarramah (Holy Mecca); see also AH, Fateh Mecca, Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019, Mohammed, and \u2018umrah Medina \u2013 the second holiest city in Islam; city that Mohammed (pbuh) fled to after announcing Islam and where he is buried; this flight marked the start of the Islamic calendar; see also AH and Ansar meeladi \u2013 solar calendar; contrasted with hijri; see also AH meeqah \u2013 the third stage of acquaintance in the system of The Leap; between feeqah and seeqah for non-virgins and between feeqah and permanent marriage for virgins; the boy and girl arrive at a temporary contract and get acquainted with greater intimacy than in feeqah but not with sexual acts that require an \u2018iddah; the contract may or may not be renewed; the contract may be renewed for meeqah again or for the next stage; see also \u2018ameeqah, feeqah, The Leap, and seeqah Messenger of Allah (pbuh) \u2013 the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed milcheh \u2013 preliminary marriage that resembles an engagement; the couple is lawfully married, but they need more time to get acquainted; they agree not to have sex for, say, six months or a year; see also friend marriage misyar \u2013 type of marriage; the husband and wife do not live together; he visits her at intervals and is not financially responsible for her upkeep when he is away unless the marriage contract requires an allowance; sometimes the marriage is kept secret Mohammed (pbuh) \u2013 Prophet of Islam; also called the Messenger, the Messenger of Allah, and the Prophet; see also Ayesha, Hafsa, Hashemite, Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019, Khadija, Mecca, Medina, pbuh, Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions, Safiah, and Zainab Moses (pbuh) \u2013 Prophet who married Shu\u2019aib\u2019s (pbuh) daughter; see also Shu\u2019aib mosque \u2013 Islamic house of worship; see also Al-Azhar, \u2018ibadat, and Islam mostafeedah \u2013 numerous; a hadith that is true because it is narrated many times; see also hadith motewaatirah \u2013 a hadith that must be true because it is narrated by so many people that the possibility of conspiracy does not exist; see also hadith mu\u2019amalat \u2013 dealings between people; contrasted with \u2018ibadat mufti - scholar capable of issuing religious rulings; see also fatwa and mujtahid muhallil \u2013 intermediate husband; a man married by a thrice-divorced woman; her intention is to divorce him to allow her marriage to her first husband for a fourth time","205 muhkamat \u2013 verses that may never be voided; contrasted with mansookh; see also Qur\u2019an mujtahid \u2013 highest religious scholar capable of interpreting Shari\u2019ah and formulating rulings; mujtahideen plural; see also fatwa, ijtihad, mufti, and Shari\u2019ah mukhtalafun \u2018alayh \u2013 no agreement among scholars on accepting a hadith; see also hadith mula\u2019inah \u2013 wife who curses Muslims \u2013 followers of the Islamic religion; see also Islam mustahabb \u2013 recommended, but not obligatory; not as acceptable as halal but more acceptable than makrooh; contrasted with makrooh; see also wajib mut\u2019ah \u2013 a temporary marriage by mutual agreement between a man and a woman; full sexual intercourse is allowed nafaqah \u2013 maintenance allowance paid by the husband to the wife; not obligatory in temporary marriage unless included in the contract nakahtoum \u2013 to marry; part of the Qur\u2019anic verse 33:49; see also nikah nestemti\u2019 \u2013 (sexual) enjoyment; see also istemta\u2019na and testemti\u2019oo nikah \u2013 the marriage contract; used metaphorically for sexual intercourse; see also arkan, ijab, nakatoum, qubool, sadaq, and tan-kah and the different types of contracts (feeqah, friend marriage, meeqah, milcheh, misyar, mut\u2019ah, seeqah, \u2018urfi, and zawaj bi- niat al-talaq) oukeya \u2013 measurement of weight; 1 oukeya = about 200 grams (1\/5 of a kilogram) pbuh \u2013 peace be upon him; written or said after mentioning the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); salle Allahu \u2018alaihi wa salaam in Arabic; see also Mohammed Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions \u2013 the male contemporaries of Mohammed who knew him and converted to Islam; responsible for the transmission of the hadiths; see also Mohammed and hadiths qintar\u2019 \u2013 treasure or massive amount of money or goods qismaw wa naseeb \u2013 belief in fate qiyas \u2013 comparison; a method of determining Shari\u2019ah lawfulness by comparing situations that have recommended versus obligatory features qubool \u2013 the second part of the proposal in the marriage contract; the word uttered by the man or his proxy that states his acceptance of the ijab, the terms of the agreement; the man says, \u201cQebilt.\u201d [\u201cI accept.\u201d]; see also arkan, ijab, and nikah","206 Qur\u2019an \u2013 the Holy Book of Islam containing the word of Allah; see also a\u2019jer, Al-Fatiha, ila ajalin mosamma, Surah Al-Isra', mansookh, muhkamat, tafseer, and yeqeeni Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal \u2013 third of the 12 lunar months of the Islamic calendar; see also AH and hijri rafeeqah \u2013 companion; basis for the word feeqah raj\u2019ee \u2013 type of divorce; the wife can return to her husband during her \u2018iddah without a new marriage contract; contrasted with khul\u2019; see also \u2018iddah rashid \u2013 rational and competent (male); contrasted with safih; see also kafa\u2019ah and roshd rashidah \u2013 rational and competent (female); contrasted with safihah; see also \u2018aqilah, kafa\u2019ah, and roshd reeba \u2013 with wrongful intent roshd \u2013 having a responsible character; see also rashid and rashidah sadaq \u2013 the marriage dowry; one of the requirements of the temporary or permanent marriage contract; may also be called \u2018iwathun \u2018anil bith; see also a\u2019jer, ila ajalin mosamma, and nikah sadaqah Shari\u2019ah \u2013 friendship allowed by Shari\u2019ah; see also Shari\u2019ah and ta\u2019arof Shar\u2019i Safiah \u2013 one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed safih \u2013 irrational (male); contrasted with rashid; see also hajr and wilayah safihah \u2013 irrational (female); contrasted with rashidah; see also hajr and wilayah sahih \u2013 authentic; describes sayings that are definitely hadiths; see also hadith seeqah \u2013 the fourth stage of acquaintance in the system of The Leap; between meeqah and permanent marriage; the man and woman arrive at a temporary contract and get acquainted with greater intimacy than meeqah with full sexual intercourse that requires an \u2018iddah after the contract time is up; recommended for non-virgins only; the contract may or may not be renewed; the contract may be renewed for seeqah again or for permanent marriage; see also \u2018iddah, The Leap, and meeqah Seyyid \u2013 honorific title given to the male descendants of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed Shafi\u2019i \u2013 Sunni school of thought; see also Sunni Shar\u2019i \u2013 religiously lawful in Islam; contrasted with haram; see also halal, Shari\u2019ah, and ta\u2019arof Shar\u2019i","207 Shari\u2019ah \u2013 Islamic law; see also halal, haram, mujtahid, sadaqah Shari\u2019ah, Shar\u2019i, shobah, and tahreef Sheikh \u2013 title of a Muslim male of high stature; see also Al-Azhar, Caliph, and Imams Shi\u2019ia \u2013 member of the Shi\u2019ite sect; see also Ja\u2019fari, Imamate, and Shi\u2019ite Shi\u2019ite \u2013 the second largest sect of Islam; see also Ja\u2019fari, Imamate, and Shi\u2019ia shobhah \u2013 lawfully doubtful; see also Shari\u2019ah Shu\u2019aib (pbuh) \u2013 Prophet whose daughter married the Prophet Moses (pbuh) after he helped her draw water from a well; see also Moses Sunnah \u2013 the life, deeds, practices, and sayings of Mohammed (pbuh) recorded as examples of perfect conduct; everything announced by Mohammed is considered Sunnah, meaning true; also refers to a collection of rulings by scholars based on the words of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also hadith and Mohammed Sunni \u2013 the largest sect of Islam; its main schools of thought are the Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki, and Shafi\u2019i Surah Al-Isra' \u2013 the 17th chapter of the Qur\u2019an; see also Qur\u2019an ta\u2019arof Shar\u2019i \u2013 acquaintance allowed by Shari\u2019ah; see also sadaqah Shari\u2019ah and Shar\u2019i tafseer \u2013 interpretation of the meanings of the Qur\u2019an; see also Qur\u2019an tahdeed an-nasi\u2019 \u2013 birth control tahreef \u2013 deviation from or distortion of Shari\u2019ah tan-kah \u2013 to have intercourse; part of the Qur\u2019anic verse 2:230; see also nikah taqyeed \u2013 restriction; concept used in the marriage contract; contrasted with itlaq tebeen \u2013 separation of husband and wife testemti\u2019oo \u2013 (sexual) enjoyment; see also istemta\u2019na and nestemti\u2019 thayyib \u2013 non-virgin woman U.A.E. \u2013 United Arab Emirates; a confederation of seven independent states on the southern coast of the Arabian Gulf (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm Al-Qaiwain); see also Gulf countries \u2018umrah \u2013 performing certain rituals while visiting the kaaba (House of God in Mecca) at any time of year except during the hajj (a specific time when the major annual pilgrimage is made to Mecca); see also Mecca","208 \u2018urfi \u2013 a type of unregistered marriage; recognized in Islam but not in the secular courts; occurs mostly in Egypt wajib \u2013 obligatory; see also mustahabb waliyy \u2013 guardian; usually the father of the family; see also wilayah \u201cWehebtokee al-moddah al-motebekkiyah.\u201d \u2013 \u201cI give you the time period that is left.\u201d; words used by the boy to release the girl from the full term of the temporary contract wilayah \u2013 guardianship; see also hajr, safih, safihah, and waliyy yeqeeni \u2013 definite; said of the Qur\u2019an; contrasted with dhenni; see also Qur\u2019an yohassin \u2013 protect from falling into forbidden sexual acts; see also Ihsaan and zina Zainab \u2013 one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh); see also Mohammed zawaj bi-niat al-talaq \u2013 marriage with hidden intention to divorce; the wife does not know the husband\u2019s premeditated intention to divorce her until he does it zina \u2013 sex with another person that is religiously unlawful; see also haram and Ihsaan *****","209 Qur\u2019anic Verses ***** These verses are excerpts from the Holy Book of Islam. They all appear in the text of this book, sometimes more than once. The arrangement reflects their order in the Qur\u2019an, not the order of their appearance in the text. (Adel, you will add The Leap page numbers for each verse) \u2026but when they have purified themselves, you may approach them [in any manner, time, or place] ordained for you by Allah, 2:222. (page XX) Women are your fields. 2:223. Divorced women must wait [keeping themselves from men] three menstrual courses, 2:228. ...or separate with kindness, 2:229. \u2026until she has tan-kah [wedded] another man, 2:230. If a man has renounced his wife and she has reached the end of her \u2018iddah, do not prevent her from remarrying her husband, 2:232. \u2026you shall not be blamed for what they may do for themselves lawfully, 2:240. ...call in two male witnesses from among you, but if two men cannot be found, then one man and two women who you judge fit to act as witnesses, so that if either of them commit an error the other will remind her, 2:282. Oh, believers! When you contract a debt for a fixed period, put it in writing; let a scribe write it down for you with fairness; no scribe should refuse to write as God has taught him; therefore let him write; and let the debtor dictate, fearing God his Lord and not diminishing the sum he owes; if the debtor be an ignorant or feeble- minded person, or one who cannot dictate, let his guardian dictate for him in fairness; call in two male witnesses from among you, but if two men cannot be found, then one man and two women who you judge fit to act as witnesses, so that if either of them commit an error the other will remind her; witnesses must not refuse to give evidence if called on to do so; so do not fail to put your debts in writing, be they small or big, together with the date of payment; this is more just in the sight of God; it ensures accuracy in testifying and is the best way to remove all doubt; but if the transaction in hand be a bargain concluded on the spot, it is no offence for you if you do not commit it to writing; see that witnesses are present when you barter with one another, and let no harm be done to either scribe or witness; if you harm them you will commit a transgression; have fear of God; God teaches you, and God has knowledge of all things. 2:282. And if any one of you entrusts another with a pledge, let the trustee restore the pledge to its owner, 2:283. ...and you were on the brink of the pit of Fire and He saved you from it, 3:103.","210 ...marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four, 4:3. And give the women [on marriage] their dowry as a free gift, 4:4. \u2026even if you have given the latter a whole treasure for a dowry, take not the least bit of it back; do you take it by slander and a manifest wrong? 4:20. ...if you decide to take one wife in place of another, even if you have given the latter a whole treasure for a dowry, take not the least bit of it back; do you take it by slander and a manifest wrong? And how could you take it when you have gone in unto each other, and they have taken from you a solemn covenant? 4:20-21. \u2026for the enjoyment you have had of them, give them their a\u2019jer [dowry] as a duty, 4:24. Believers, do not approach your prayers when drunk, but wait till you can grasp the meaning of your words, 4:43. Believers, fulfill your obligations, 5:1. Believers, do not forbid the good things God has made lawful to you; [but] do not exceed the limits: God does not love those who exceed the limits. 5:87. ...speak for justice, even if it affects your own kinsmen; be true to the covenant of God, 6:152. This path of Mine is straight; follow it and do not follow other paths, for they lead you away from My way, 6:153. ...no soul shall bear another\u2019s burden, 6:164. Verily never will Allah change the condition of a people until they change it themselves [with their own souls], 13:11. Those who keep faith with God do not break their pledge, 13:20. The day when every soul will come pleading for itself; when every soul will be repaid for its deeds; none shall be wronged, 16:111. ...treat them with humility and tenderness and say: Lord, be merciful to them for they nursed me when I was an infant. 17:24. Keep your promises; you are accountable for all you promise, 17:34. Had the Truth followed their desires, the heavens, the earth, and all who dwell in them would have surely been corrupted, 23:71. Marry those among you who are single, or the virtuous ones among your slaves, male or female, 24:32.","211 Father, take this man into your service; men who are strong and honest are the best you can hire, 28:26. I want to give you one of my two daughters in marriage if you stay eight years in my service; but, if you wish, you may stay 10; I shall not deal harshly with you; God willing, you shall find me an upright man, 28:27. And who is in greater error than the man who is led by his desire without guidance from God? God does not guide the evildoers, 28:50. Among His signs is this: that He created for you wives among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are signs for a people who reflect. 30:21 ...each party is happy with what they have. 30:32. It is not for true believers \u2013 men or women \u2013 to make their choice in their affairs if God and His Messenger (pbuh) decree otherwise, 33:36. If you nakahtoum [marry] believing women and divorce them before the marriage is consummated, you are not required to observe an \u2018iddah, 33:49. \u2026and any believing woman who gives herself to you [the Prophet [pbuh)], and whom the Prophet (pbuh) wishes to take in marriage, this only for you [the Prophet [pbuh)] and not for the believers. 33:50. Are those who have knowledge the equal of those who have none? 39:9. And now We have set you on the right path; follow it, and do not yield to the desires of ignorant men; for they can in no way protect you from the wrath of God; the wrongdoers are patrons to each other; but the righteous have God Himself for their patron, 45:18-19. Men, we have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you might get to know one another, 49:13. Who is more rightly guided, he who goes groveling on his face or he who walks upright on a straight path? 67:22. *****","212 (blank page)","213 Hadiths ***** These hadiths are excerpts from narrations of the prophets of Islam. All these excerpts appear in the text, sometimes more than once. The arrangement reflects their order in the text. (Adel, you will add The Leap page numbers for each hadith) No man and a woman get together without Satan becoming the third. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) (page XX) You have taken them by the trust of Allah, and had them become sexually allowable to you by the word of Allah. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Seek even if it is an iron ring. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) No prayer is accepted from the mosque\u2019s neighbor except that which is performed in the mosque. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) No marriage is without witnesses. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) I was sent with the easy haneefiah \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Prostitutes marry without witness \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) No marriage is valid without a waliyy [guardian] and two reliable witnesses. narrated by Omar Ibn Al-Khattab The woman is a seller and the man a buyer and the selling cannot be done without a price. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) No prayer is accepted from the mosque\u2019s neighbor except that which is performed in the mosque. \u2013 Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib A girl went to the Prophet (pbuh) and said: \u2018My father married me to his nephew, but I do not like it. He answered, \u2018Let what your father did become valid [that is, accept it].\u2019 She said, \u2019I have no desire for what he did.\u2019 He answered, \u2019Go and marry whom you want.\u2019 She said, \u2018I have no desire to go against what my father did. I wanted women to know that fathers have no say in their daughters' matters.\u2019 narrated by Ibn Abbas No marriage is valid without a guardian. narrated by Abu Musa Al-Ash\u2019ari If any woman marries without consent of her guardian, the marriage is void. Ayesha, the wife of the Prophet (pbuh), quotes the Prophet (pbuh) No guardian consent is to be sought for the widowed or divorced woman \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh)","214 The old unmarried woman has more right over herself than her guardian does \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) The widowed or divorced woman has her right, but the virgin\u2019s father gets asked for acceptance. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) If it is someone whose piety and manners meet your satisfaction, then accept his marriage proposal. If you do not, a fitneh [disturbance] and great corruption will take place. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Ignorant leaders who, if asked, give rulings without knowledge; they have gone astray and led people astray. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) A man who got engaged to a barren woman said, \u2018Oh Messenger of Allah (pbuh), I am engaged to a woman of status and beauty, but she cannot bear children.\u2019 The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not advise him marry her. \u2018Marry the wife who is loving and childbearing since I want to have you be more than other nations on Judgment Day. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Like for your brother what you like for yourself and hate for him what you hate for yourself. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) If a man, whose religious observance and morals satisfy you, comes [proposing to your daughter], give him [your daughter] in marriage. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) A woman from Ansar [Muslims of Medina] came to the Prophet (pbuh) and entered the house of Hafsa [a wife of the Prophet [pbuh)]. The woman was well-dressed and her hair was combed. She said, \u2018Oh, Messenger of Allah (pbuh), a woman does not ask a man to marry her. I have had no husband for a long time, and I have no son. Do you need a wife? For I am here, I am offering myself to you if you accept me.\u2019 Mohammed said good words to her and prayed for her, then said, \u2018Oh, you Ansari woman! May Allah reward you, you the Ansar, for your men have supported me, and I have desired your women \u2013 or your women have desired me. You may go now, may Allah have mercy on you; Allah will reward you with Paradise because you wanted me and for your presentation of love of me and joy for me; my answer will come to you, God willing.\u2019 \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Al-Mughirah Ibn Shu\u2019beh narrated that he proposed to an Ansari woman, and the Prophet (pbuh) asked, \u2018Have you looked at her?\u2019 He said,\u2019 No.\u2019 The Prophet (pbuh) said, \u2018Look at her; this makes it more probable you will get along with each other,' Every one of you is a shepherd, and every one of you is responsible for his herd. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) If one of you came to his wife [for sex], let there be foreplay between them. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) It is your plantation; if you want, you may water it, and, if you want, you may leave it thirsty. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh)","215 Ibn Abbas was asked about \u2018azl. He called one of his women and said: Tell them, but it was as if she shied away, so he said: It is like this; as for myself I do it [that is, he does \u2018azl]. We were in an army and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and said, \u2018I give you permission to practice mut\u2019ah, that is, the mut\u2019ah of women. narrated by Al- Bukhari that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and gave us permission for mut\u2019ah. narrated in Sahih Muslim that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said The mut\u2019ah verse was revealed in the book of Allah, and we practiced it with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), and no verse was revealed to make it void, and the Prophet did not prohibit it to his death. narrated by Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in Musnad that Omran bin Hussein said Jabir Ibn Abdullah [Al-Ansari] came for \u2018umrah. We went to him in his house and the people asked him about things. Then they mentioned the mut\u2019ah and Jabir replied, \u2018We practiced mut\u2019ah in the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019 narrated in Sahih Muslim that \u2018Ata said The representative of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came out to us and said: \u2018When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave you permission to carry out testemti\u2019oo [sexual enjoyment], he meant the mut\u2019ah of women.\u2019 Mohammed Ibn Beshshar said that Mohammed Ibn Ja\u2019far said that Ibn Shu\u2019beh said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar said that he heard Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed narrating that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al- Akwa\u2019 said I was sent only to complete the best of morals. \u2013 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) Man is an enemy of what he is ignorant of. Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib said The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and gave us permission for mut\u2019ah. Yezid, by which he meant Ibn Zuray\u2019, said that Rawh, by which he meant Ibn Al-Qasim, said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar narrated from Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed from Salamah Ibn Al- Akwa\u2019 and Jabir Ibn Abdullah Jabir Ibn Abdullah came for \u2018umrah and we came to him in his house; and the people asked him about things, then they mentioned mut\u2019ah, so he said: \u2018Yes, we carried out istemta\u2019na [sexual enjoyment] at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019 Al-Hasan Al-Halawani said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that \u2018Ata said We used to carry out nestemti\u2019 [sexual enjoyment] for a handful of dates or flour, at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Mohammed Ibn Rafi\u2019i said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that Abu Zubair said: \u2018I heard Jabir Ibn Abdullah saying *****","216 (blank page)","217 Selective Documents: Excerpts ***** Document 1 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 30. Marriage with Hidden Intention to Divorce \u201cScholars agree that, if a man marries a woman without revealing his intention to divorce her after a particular time, such as after he finishes work or study in the country where he temporarily lives, the marriage is still valid.\u201d Document 2 Al-Dubai\u2019i, Idah Hukmu Az-Zawaj Bi-niat Al-Talak, 40. Marriage with Hidden Intention to Divorce \u201cOne of the most renowned scholars of our time was his eminence Sheikh Abdul Aziz Ibn Baz, the general Mufti [scholar capable of issuing fatwas] of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He issued a fatwa allowing marriage with the hidden intention to divorce. One person sent a question to ensure the fatwa was given. The Sheikh answered, \u2018Yes, a fatwa from the permanent committee, and I am its president, allows marriage with hidden intention to divorce, if it is between a man and God, if he marries in expatriate lands and intends to divorce when he his study or work is finished. The jomhoor [majority] of scholars have no problem with it. The intention is between him and Allah and is not a condition.\u2019 \u201cAccording to Majmoo\u2019 Fatawa wa Maqalat Mutanawwi\u2019ah, volume 4, page 30, \u2018The difference between this and mut\u2019ah is that in mut\u2019ah has a known requirement of a time period, such as a month or a year or two years. When the time is over, the contract ends. This is the invalid mut\u2019ah marriage. But, if he marries her on the Sunnah of Allah and His Messenger (pbuh) and his intention is not known and not a condition except between him and God, but in his heart knows that, when he leaves that country he will divorce her, this does him no harm. It protects him from adultery and infidelity. Also, his intention may change.\u2019 This the opinion of the jomhoor of scholars narrated by Abu Mohammed Abdullah Ibn Qodamah (may God rest his soul), the author of Al-Moghni.\u201d Document 3 Az-Zahabi, Ash-Shari\u2019ah Al-Islamiah, 69. Witnessing \u201cImam Malik, in a well-known opinion, said witnessing is not a reason for validating the marriage contract because the Qur\u2019an does not make it a marriage requirement. The relevant scripts of the Sunnah are not explicit in requiring witnessing. The general announcement suffices for the contract to be valid, based on the saying of the Prophet (pbuh): Announce the marriage even if with dofoof [tambourines]. The Malikis said, \u201cSince the forbidden part of this act does not occur unless the man and woman have secret intercourse, the allowable does not occur but in its opposite. For that the mere announcement suffices.\u201d Witnessing is only recommended when doing the contract, and is obligatory before the marriage, that is, intercourse. If the contract was witnessed, the obligatory and the recommended were achieved. If witnessing occurred after the contract but before intercourse, the obligatory was achieved and the recommended missed.","218 \u201cThe Ja\u2019faris and the Dhahiris said witnessing is absolutely not a requirement for validating the marriage contract because the Qur\u2019an did not explicitly point to it when discussing marriage. It pointed to what is less important than marriage \u2013 the contract for trade and for loans. They said the hadiths regarding witnessing are a recommendation, in case the marriage needs to be confirmed in front of a judge if denial takes place.\u201d Document 4 Fawzi, Ahkamul Usrah fil Jahiliah wal Islam, 54. Witnessing \u201cAl-Bukhari, Muslim, and Malik state several of the Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions and their sons were married without witnesses, but simply with a wedding party. They mentioned Abdullah Ibn Omar, Al-Hasan Ibn Ali, Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubair, and Salim Ibn Omar. They also said, without witnesses, the Prophet (pbuh) married Safiah and gave a dinner with dates and leafstalk, and married Zainab and held a party in which a small calf was served. Narrated by all five except An-Nisa\u2019i.\u201d Document 5 As-Safir, 12 Feb. 1999, 7. Misyar and \u2018Urfi Marriage \u201cEgyptian newspapers reported that Imam Al-Azhar Sheikh Mohammed Seyyid Tantaoui announced misyar marriage is lawful as it has all the elements of marriage, but secret marriage is \u2018adulterous and forbidden.\u2019 \u201cAl-Wafd [The Delegation] reported that Sheikh Tantaoui, during a symposium at the 31st Cairo Book Exhibition, accepted misyar marriage. He said, \u2018This marriage is not found in Egypt. I heard it is found in other countries, and it is Islamically legal. What is new is that a woman does not ask a man for anything except the dowry.\u2019 He added \u2018Misyar is found in the Gulf, especially in Saudi Arabia. Its name comes from the husband\u2019s practice of usually visiting his wife in her home during the day, and also he is not committed to meet her financial responsibilities.\u2019 \u201cThe Imam of Al-Azhar also added, according to Al-Wafd and Al-Gomhuria [The Republic], \u2018All scholars agree secret marriage is invalid\u2019 and is \u2018adulterous and forbidden.\u2019 He said marriage practiced in Egypt as \u2018urfi marriage \u2018has all the elements, but lacks documentation. I personally do not witness it, nor like it, nor sit when it is done, because it results in the loss of the woman\u2019s rights and breaks the law of the state. Also, it is makrooh [not recommended].\u2019 The Sheikh called for \u2018passing a law with specific punishments for whoever does that, to protect women.\u2019 \u201cEgyptian newspapers confirm \u2018urfi marriage is widespread in Egypt among artists and university students. Egyptian courts do not recognize it, but the law does not punish those who commit it.\u201d Document 6 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 28. Witnessing \u201cThe three [Hanbalis, Hanafis, and Shafi\u2019is] agreed two witnesses must be at the marriage contract for the marriage to be valid. The Maliki school, however, said two witnesses are essential on the wedding night when the couple consummate their marriage, while their presence at the contract is only recommended.\u201d","219 Document 7 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 46. Guardianship \u201cThe Hanafis rejected this hadith because Az-Zohri, when asked about it, said he did not know it.\u201d Document 8 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 33. Guardianship \u201cIf the first marriage was a bad choice and if the one who made the bad choice again married her off, this time to a suitable man with a usual dowry, the contract is valid. She has no choice, even if he married her off while drunk.\u201d Document 9 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 46. Guardianship \u201cThe Shafi\u2019is and Malikis agreed guardian consent is fundamental to marriage, and marriage is invalid without it. The Hanbalis and Hanafis agreed it is a requirement and limited what is fundamental to the proposal and its acceptance. The Hanafis added it as a requirement to validate the marriage of an underage boy or girl, and insane man or woman even if they are adults. They ruled no one has authority over the marriage of the girl who is balighah [mature] and \u2018aqilah [responsible], whether a virgin, widow, or divorc\u00e9e. She has the right to enter into a contract with whomsoever she chooses on the condition of suitability. Only then may the guardian object and sever the contract.\u201d Document 10 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 38. Witnessing \u201cMalik and the scholars of his school ruled witnessing marriage is not obligatory. It is not one of its requirements or fundamentals. An announcement and public knowledge are enough. Their argument was that Allah mentioned witnessing of commercial contracts and that such witnessing was proved to not be required. Marriage, for which Allah did not mention witnessing, is more worthy than commerce. The aim is to announce and so protect the ancestry. Witnessing of the contract is acceptable to avoid disputes later between the couple. If the contract is made without witnesses, but witnesses are called before marriage, that is, intercourse, the contract will not be severed. If marriage occurs without witnesses, the couple should be separated.\u201d Document 11 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 21. Witnessing \u201cProvided the couple believes it was acceptable for the marriage contract to be made, it is valid even though witnessed by drunkards \u2013 if they acknowledge that their witnessing will validate the contract, even if they may not remember the contract after sobering up.\u201d Document 12 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 34. Guardianship","220 \u201cThe balighah whether a virgin, widow, or divorc\u00e9e, is not compelled to obey anyone. Her marriage is not subject to a guardian\u2019s approval. She has theright to marry whomever she wishes on the condition of his suitability.\u201d Document 13 Sabiq, Fiqh As-Sunnah, vol. 2, 87. Guardianship \u201cA guardian\u2019s justice is not a requirement because corruption does not negate a marriage\u2019s suitability.\u201d Document 14 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 27. Guardianship \u201cThey [most scholars] agreed marriage is valid even if done as a joke. Should a father say, \u2019I have married off my daughter to you,\u2019 and the man says, \u2018I accept,\u2019 while they laugh, the marriage goes ahead. It is like divorcing or freeing slaves, which go ahead even if done as a joke.\u201d Document 15 Al-Jaziri, Al-Fiqh Ala Al-Mathahib Al-Arba\u2019ah, vol. 4, 303. Different Schools of Thought \u201cA fundamental belief is that following a particular mujtahid [highest religious scholar] is not required. It is therefore allowed to follow any mujtahid of the Muslim nation in a ruling if it is confirmed to be his saying or thought.\u201d Document 16 Ibn Qodamah, Al-Moghni, vol. 6, 644. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cIn mut\u2019ah marriage, a man marries a woman for a period of time. If a man says: \u2019I have married my daughter off to you for a period of one month or one year or until the end of the season or the arrival of pilgrimage,\u2019 whether or not the time period is known, the marriage is invalid. Ahmad said, \u2018Mut\u2019ah marriage is forbidden.\u2019 Abu Bakr said, in another hadith, it is makrooh [not recommended], but not haram [forbidden] because Mansour [Ibn Hazim] asked Ahmad about it, and he said: \u2018Avoiding is more to my liking.\u2019\u201d Document 17 Ar-Rafi\u2019i, Islamuna fit Tawfeeq Baina As-Sunnah wa Ash-Shi\u2019ah, 153. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cUnbiased researchers who look closely at the hadiths of those who rule for and against allowing mut\u2019ah must reach two conclusions. The first is the Shi\u2019ah should not be slandered because they ruled to allow mut\u2019ah. It is supported by evidence, especially after everyone agreed mut\u2019ah was present at the time of the Prophet (pbuh) and after some of the grand Sunni scholars narrated that the mut\u2019ah verse in the Qur\u2019an was not mansookh [voided by a later verse]. Az-Zamakhshari mentioned in his Qur\u2019an commentary Al-Kashshaf, narrated from Ibn Abbas, that the mut\u2019ah verse is among the muhkamat [verses that may never be voided]. It is also untenable to say the verse for the enjoyment you have had of them, give them their a\u2019jer [dowry] as a duty, 4:24, is canceled by a hadith because the Qur\u2019an is yeqeeni [definite] and a hadith is dhenni [indefinite]. Moreover, those who say the mut\u2019ah verse was canceled disagree on the source of this: Is it the Qur\u2019an or the Sunnah or Ijmaa\u2019 [consensus among scholars]? And they disagree on the time when this claimed cancelation occurred: Was it during the","221 battle of Awtas, Hunain, Khaiber, or Tabook, or the Fateh Mecca [conquest of Mecca], or the Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019 [farewell pilgrimage], or any other definite time?\u201d Document 18 Sahih Muslim, vol. 5, An-Nawawi\u2019s commentary, 179. Mut\u2019ah Marriage \u201cMohammed Ibn Abdullah Ibn Numayr Al-Hemdani said that Ubayy and Waki\u2019 and Ibn Bishr said that Ismael said that Qays said: \u2018I heard Abdullah saying: \u2018We were undertaking a conquest, alongside the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), with no women, so we said: \u2018May we masturbate?\u2019 He forbade us to do this, then gave us permission to marry a woman in exchange for a dress for a limited term;\u2019 then Abdullah recited: Believers, do not forbid the good things God has made lawful to you; (but) do not exceed the limits: God does not love those who exceed the limits. 5:87. \u201cAnd \u2019Uthman Ibn Abi Shaybeh said that Jarir said that Ismael Ibn Abi Khalid told us the same thing using this narration chain, then he recited the verse without saying that Abdullah had recited it. \u201dAnd Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Shaybeh said that Waki\u2019 said that Ismael told us using the same narration chain and said: \u2018We, when young, said: \u2018Oh, Messenger of Allah! May we not masturbate?\u2019 but did not say \u2018during a conquest.'\u2019 \u201cAnd Mohammed Ibn Beshshar said that Mohammed Ibn Ja\u2019far said that Ibn Shu\u2019beh said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar said that he heard Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed narrating that Jabir Ibn Abdullah and Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019 said: \u2018The representative of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came out to us and said: \u2018When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) gave you permission to carry out testemti\u2019oo [sexual enjoyment], he meant the mut\u2019ah of women.\u2019 \u201cYezid, by which he meant Ibn Zuray\u2019, said that Rawh, by which he meant Ibn Al-Qasim, said that \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar narrated from Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed from Salamah Ibn Al- Akwa\u2019 and Jabir Ibn Abdullah: \u2018The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to us and gave us permission for mut\u2019ah.\u2019 And Al-Hasan Al-Halawani said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that \u2018Ata said: \u2018Jabir Ibn Abdullah came for \u2018umrah and we came to him in his house; and the people asked him about things, then they mentioned mut\u2019ah, so he said: \u2018Yes, we carried out istemta\u2019na [sexual enjoyment] at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), Abu Bakr, and Omar.\u2019\u2019\u2019 \u201cMohammed Ibn Rafi\u2019i said that Abdul Rezzaq said that Ibn Jurayj said that Abu Zubair said: \u2018I heard Jabir Ibn Abdullah saying: \u2018We used to carry out nestemti\u2019 [sexual enjoyment] for a handful of dates or flour, at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).\u2019\u201d Document 19 Shaltout. Fatwa on Allowing Following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate School Different Schools of Thought Dar At-Taqreeb Baina Al-Mathahib Al-Islamiah Office of the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful","222 The fatwa issued by his Eminence the Grand Scholar Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout, the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque, on allowing following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate school of thought: His Eminence was asked, \u201cSome people believe, for a Muslim\u2019s worship and transactions to be done correctly, he must follow one of the four known schools. Neither the Shi\u2019ite Imamate nor the Shi\u2019ite Zaidi\u2019s schools are among them. Does your eminence agree with this opinion and its absoluteness, and so prohibit following, for example, the Shi\u2019ite Imamate Ithna\u2019ashari school?\u201d His Eminence replied, \u201c(1] Islam does not require Muslims to follow a particular school, but we say: every Muslim has the right to follow at the beginning any school that has been narrated correctly and whose rulings are written in its books. Whoever follows a school has the right to change to another \u2013 any school \u2013 and there is no haraj [circumstance leading to extreme embarrassment or difficulty] on him in this. \u201c(2] The Ja\u2019fari school known as the Shi\u2019ite Imamate Ithna\u2019ashari school is Islamically allowed to be followed like all the Sunni schools. \u201cTherefore, Muslims should know this, and get rid of loyalty without truth to certain schools. The religion of Allah and His Shari\u2019ah do not follow a school nor are they the property of one school, as all are mujtahideen meqbooloon [highest religious scholars trying, to the best of their ability, to formulate rulings acceptable to Allah]. Those incapable of formulating rulings are allowed to follow schools and to act according to the schools\u2019 rulings in jurisprudence if the \u2018ibadat [acts of worship] or mu\u2019amalat [dealings with people] are not changed.\u201d Your eminence the honorable scholar Mohammed Taqi Al-Qommi General Secretary of Jama\u2019at At-Taqreeb Baina Al-Mathahib Al-Islamiah Peace and mercy of Allah to you. It is my pleasure to send your Eminence a copy, signed by me, of the fatwa I have issued on allowing following the Shi\u2019ite Imamate school. I ask you to kindly keep it in the archives of Dar At-Taqreeb Baina Al-Mathahib Al-Islamiah, the establishment of which we both contributed to. May Allah guide us to succeed in achieving its message. Peace and mercy of Allah to you. The Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque Signature of Mahmoud Shaltout The fatwa was photocopied on the 17th Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal 1378 AH [1958 AD] in Cairo. *****","223 Selective Bibliography ***** Note: Authors are listed according to the English alphabetical order. Symbols that are not used in English do not affect the order in which the terms are listed. Not all books printed in the Arabic countries contain standard publication information. The references cited here are as complete as possible. Books and Reports Abdul Mohsin, Ali Abu Abdullah. Ta\u2018addod Al-Zawjat Bainal \u2018Ilm wal Din [Polygamy Between Science and Religion]. Beirut: Dar As-Safwa, 1997. Al-Bahrany, Yousif Ibn Ahmed. Al-Hada\u2019iq An-Nadirah [Fresh Gardens], vol. 23. Beirut: Dar Al\u2019Adwa\u2019, 1993. Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmed Ibn Al-Hussein Ibn Ali. As-Sunan Al-Kubra [Greatest Laws], vol. 7. Hyderabad, India: Da\u2019irat Al-Ma\u2019aref Al-\u2018Osmani mya, 1936. 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Khaldiya: Kuwait University, 1999. Ar-Rafi\u2019i, Sheikh Mustafa. Islamuna fit Tawfeeq Baina As-Sunnah wa Ash-Shi\u2019ah [Our Islam Reconciles Sunnah and Shi'ah]. Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat Al-\u2019Alami, 1984.","224 Ar-Razi, Abu Abdullah Fakhr Eddine. At-Tafsir Al-Kabir [The Great Explanation]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi (no year). At-Tusi, Abu Ja\u2019far. At-Tahthib [The Discipline], vol. 7. Najaf, Iraq: Dar Al-Kutob Al-Islamiah, 1959. Az-Zahabi, Mohammed Hussein. Ash-Shari\u2019ah Al-Islamiah [Islamic Laws]. Cairo: Dar Al-Kutob Al-Hadithah, 1983. Az-Zirkili, Khayr Eddine. Al-Munjid fil A\u2019lam [The Helpful Encyclopedia of Personalities]. Beirut: Dar Al-\u2018Ilm Lil Malayin, 1999. Badran, Badran Abul \u2018Aynain. Al-Mirath Al-Muqaren [Comparative Heritage]. Cairo: Dar Al-Ma\u2019aref, 1971. Bahrul Uloom, Seyyid Izzuddin. Az-Zawaj fil Qur\u2019an was-Sunnah [Marriage in the Qur\u2019an and Sunnah], 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Az-Zahra\u2019, 1974. Beirut Shari\u2019ah Office. \u2018Ahada \u2018Ashara \u2018Aman fil Khidma Al-Moujtama\u2019 [Eleven Years Serving the Society]. Beirut: Beirut Shari\u2019ah Office, 1996. Fadlullah, Seyyid Mohammed Hussein. Dunyal Mar\u2019ah [The World of Women]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1997. ---. Kitab Al-Nikah [The Marriage Book]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1996. ---. Te\u2019emmulat Islamiah Hawl Al-Mar\u2019ah [Islamic Philosophy of the Woman]. Beirut: Dar Al-Malak, 1997. Fawzi, Ibrahim. Ahkamul Usrah fil Jahiliah wal Islam [Family Law Before and After Islam]. Beirut: Dar Al-Kalima, 1983. Hunaif, Abdul Wadood and Abdul Aziz Al-Ghamidi. Al-\u2018Unoosah [Spinsterhood]. Mecca Al-Mukarramah: Dar \u2019Arraya, 1998. Ibn Anas, Malik. Al-Muatta\u2019 [The Foothold]. Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, 1984. Ibn Baz. Sheikh Abdul Aziz. Majmoo\u2019 Fatawa wa Maqalat Mutanawwi\u2019ah [A Total of Various Rulings and Articles], vol. 4. (Mecca Al-Mukarramah: no publisher or year.) Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. Musnad [Predicate]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi (no year). Ibn Qodamah, Abu Mohammed Abdullah. Al-Moghni [The Sufficient], vol. 6. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi, 1993. Kamal, Abdullah. \u2018Adda\u2019ara Al-Halal [Lawful Prostitution]. Beirut: Cultural Library, 1997. Men\u2018em Al-Hafani, Abdul. Al-Mawsoo\u2019ah Al-Nefsiah Al-Jinsiah [Encyclopedia of Personality and Sex]. Cairo: Madbouly Library, 1992. Moghniyah, Sheikh Mohammed Jawad. Al-Fusool Ash-Shari\u2019ah [Sections of Law], 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Ath-Thaqafah, 1974. Moir, Anne and David Jessel. Brain Sex: the Real Difference between Men and Women [Jins Ad-Deemagh]. Trans. Badr Al-Munayyis. New York: Carol Publishing, 1991. Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Nisapuri, Abul Hussein, Sahih Muslim [Muslim\u2019s Authentic Hadiths], vol. 5. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazim, 1995. Ni\u2019mah, Sheikh Abdullah. Daleel Al-Qadaa\u2019 Al-Ja\u2019fari [References for Shi\u2019ah Judges]. Beirut: Dar Al-Balagha, 1996. Qur\u2019an [The Koran]. Sabiq, Sheikh Seyyid. Fiqh As-Sunnah [Doctrine of the Sunnis], vol. 2. Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, 1971. Shaltout, Mahmoud. Fatwa on Allowing Following of the Shi\u2019ite Imamate School. Cairo: Dar At-Taqreeb Baina Al-Mathahib Al-Islamiah, Office of the Sheikh of Al-Azhar Mosque, 1958. Wasa\u2019il Ash-Shi\u2019ah [The Ways of the Shi'ah]. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019a Al-Torath Al-Arabi, 1991. Periodicals Al-Anba\u2019a [The News] [Kuwait]. 28 July 1999: (no page no.).","225 Al-Majallah [The Magazine] [London, U.K.]. 20 July 1996: 70. Al-Qabas [The Firebrand] [Kuwait]. __ Sep. 2002 (no specific date): 20. Al-Qabas. 9 Aug. 2003: 12. Al-Qabas. 6 Dec. 2003: (no page no.). Al-Watan Al-Arabi [The Arab Country] [Lebanon]. 8 May 1986: (no page no.). Al-Yawm [Today] [Bahrain]. 9 July 1986: 14. As-Safir [The Ambassador] [Lebanon]. 12 Feb. 1999: 7. As-Safir. 17 June 1999: (no page no.). Khaleej [Gulf] Times Online [U.A.E.]. 5 Sept. 2005: www.khaleejtimes.com. Kull Al-Ousra [All the Family] [U.A.E.]. 4 Jan. 1995: 166. Kullun Naas [All the People] [Egypt]. __ Jan. 1997 (no specific date) : 27. Zahratul Khaleej [Flower of the Gulf] [U.A.E.]. 18 Dec. 1993: 88. Zahratul Khaleej. 22 July 2000: 65. Zahratul Khaleej. 5 Aug. 2000: 23. *****","226 (blank page)","227 Index ***** Note: Terms are arranged according to the English alphabetical order. Symbols that are not used in English do not affect the order in which the terms are listed, with the exception of words beginning with the gutteral stop. These words are listed before the entries beginning with \u201ca.\u201d See the Glossary for the pronunciation and definition of the Arabic terms. \u2018 Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, 36, 149, 150, 215, 220 Ajman, 207 \u2018Alamuddin, Mohammed, 34 Al-Andalusi, Ibn Hazim, 35, 36, 54 \u2018ameeqah, 84, 200 Al-Ash\u2019ari, Abu Musa, 51, 213 \u2018Amr Ibn Dinar, 215, 221 \u2018aqilah, 77, 200, 219 Al-Awza\u2019ai, Imam of, 40, 128 \u2018Ata, 150, 215, 221 Al-Azhar, 200 \u2018azl, 142, 200, 215 Al-Azhar Sheikh, 34, 35, 151, 152, 200, 218, 221, \u2018ibadat, 152, 202, 222 \u2018iddah, 52, 83, 87, 88, 91, 102, 119, 121, 153, 154, 222 Al-Baqir, Mohammed, 42, 50, 51, 125 155, 158, 163, 164, 190, 191, 202, 203, 204, 206, Al-Bukhari, Mohammed Ibn Ismael, 45, 150, 215, 209, 211 \u2018ishhad, 45, 203 218 \u2018ismah, 63, 89, 203 alcoholism, 24, 25, 52, 73, 210, 219 \u2018iwathun \u2018anil bith, 43, 206 \u2018umrah, 150, 207, 215, 221 Al-Dubai\u2019i, Ibrahim Ibn Mohammed, 39, 40, 217 \u2018urfi marriage, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 59, 60, 64, 67, 114, Al-Fatiha, 31, 58, 200 208, 218 Al-Hakam Ibn Otaibah, 149 A Al-Hasan Al-Basri, 47, 54 Al-Hasan Al-Halawani, 215, 221 a\u2019jer, 149, 151, 200, 210, 220 Al-Hasan Ibn Ali, 45, 218 Abdul Mohsin, Ali Abu Abdullah, 37 Al-Hasan Ibn Mohammed, 215, 221 abortion, 183 Abu, 200 alimony, 89, 91, 100, 170, 192, 197 Abu Bakr, 149, 150, 215, 220, 221 Al-Jaziri, Abdul Rahman, 48, 218, 219, 220 Abu Dawood, 73, 128 Al-Karkhi, Abul Hasan, 54 Abu Dhabi, 207 Abu Hanifa, 52, 76 Al-Kashshaf, 151, 220 Abu Yousif, 52, 76 Al-Khouly, Sana\u2019a, 28 Abu Zahra, Mohammed, 29 Allah, 200 Abu Zubair, 215, 221 Al-Mansour, Salih Ibn Abdul Al-Aziz, 40 abuse, physical, 22, 24, 25, 26, 66, 137 abuse, psychological, 24, 25, 26, 66, 78 Al-Moghni, 149, 217, 220 acting a part, 139, 140 Al-Qabani, Sabri, 141 addiction, 24, 25, 26 Al-Qaradawi, Yousif, 64, 65, 76 adoption, 183 adultery, 24, 25, 36, 38, 39, 42, 111, 145, 150, 154, Al-Samarqandi Al-Hanafi, 47 Al-Shafi\u2019i, 36 157, 158, 160, 179, 217, 218 Al-Shati, Adnan, 28, 31 affection, 103, 167 Al-Shawkani, 44, 48 age difference, 23, 24 age of maturity, 42, 51, 57, 59, 78, 79, 80, 109, 134, Al-Taymi, 47 Al-Thaqib, Fahad, 21 135, 147, 200 Al-Turmuthi, 51 AH (Anno Hegirae), 200 Ahlul Bayt, Imams of, 46, 50 Al-Zindani, Abdul Majeed, 135, 136, 201 Al-Zu\u2019bi, Nura Ali \u2018Ubaid, 38 analogies, 75, 81, 91, 92, 93, 96, 113 ancestry, 33, 54 An-Nawawi, Yahya Ibn Sharaf, 151, 221 An-Nisa\u2019i, 45, 150, 218 announcement, 37, 45, 46, 72, 76, 101, 152, 201, 217, 219 Ansar, 125, 128, 150, 200, 214, 215 arkan, 41, 200 Ar-Rafi\u2019i, Mustafa, 149, 150, 151, 220","Ar-Razi, Abu Abdullah Fakhr Eddine, 47, 149 228 Ash-Shirazi, Abdul Kareem, 221 As-Sajjad, Imam, 54 compatibility, 4, 6, 27, 28, 31, 35, 53, 60, 71, 84, 90, As-Samah, Abdullah Abu, 35 93, 103, 106, 114, 115, 117, 132, 156, 165, 166, Ath-Thawri, Sofyan, 54 184 At-Tabari, 149 Awtas, 151, 221 competence, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 77, 78, 79, Ayesha, 52, 200, 213 84, 95, 102, 109, 110, 115, 120, 128, 129, 130, Az-Zahabi, Mohammed Hussein, 45, 217 132, 143, 145, 153, 170, 203, 206 Az-Zamakhshari, 151, 220 Az-Zohri, 219 conscience, 34, 66, 70, 73, 95, 104, 105, 141 consummation of marriage, 31, 48, 51, 88, 106, B 121, 211, 218 bachelors, 37, 38, 39 contract renegotiation, 197 Badran, Badran Abul \u2018Aynain, 156 contract renewal, 88, 95, 98, 107, 132, 139, 155, Bahrain, 22, 201 Bahrul Uloom, Izzuddin, 42, 45, 46, 124 166, 184, 187, 188, 190, 201, 204, 206 baligh, 50, 51, 200 courts, 20, 22, 25, 33, 34, 37, 40, 44, 59, 70, 78, 89, balighah, 50, 109, 200, 219, 220 Beirut, 3, 16, 19, 22, 37 90, 98, 109, 171, 172, 186, 192, 208, 218 birth control, 72, 111, 142, 207 cousins, 61, 117, 121 black magic, 25 covenant, 42, 186, 195, 210 boredom, 25 crime, 11, 20, 22, 24, 30, 60, 100, 130, 156, 197 breastfeeding, 153, 154, 155, 168 custody, 11, 90, 100, 115, 170, 197 brotherhood, 30, 54, 107 customs and traditions, 11, 13, 18, 22, 25, 28, 31, buloogh, 51, 52, 57, 200 Burayd, 51 44, 56, 62, 63, 64, 75, 77, 78, 83, 89, 106, 139, business contracts, 46, 47, 48, 49, 88, 95, 158, 209, 162, 169, 176, 178 219 D C da\u2019wah, 39, 201 daughters, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 28, 31, 44, 50, calendar conversion, 200 Caliph, 54, 149, 201 54, 61, 77, 78, 79, 102, 109, 111, 116, 124, 125, call for Islam, 39, 201 127, 128, 129, 147, 149, 163, 169, 172, 207, 211, career, 14, 24, 77, 89, 124, 130, 131, 174, 197 213, 214, 220 caretaking, 24 decision-making, 25, 57, 88, 110, 137, 197, 200 change after marriage, 24, 25 defloration, 102, 106 chaperon, 29 denial of marriage, 33, 34, 45, 46, 73, 76, 80, 218 child marriage, 57, 137 denial of paternity, 33, 34, 73, 76, 80, 132 child support, 12, 33, 91, 159, 197 Dhahiri school, 201, 218 childbearing, 72, 214 dhenni, 151, 201, 220 childbirth, 24, 154, 157, 197 dinar, 201 children, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, disabilities, physical, 24 divorce and children, 20, 21, 62, 70, 89, 90, 91, 116, 23, 24, 33, 34, 35, 38, 46, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 170, 171, 194 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 83, 84, 87, 89, divorce and society, 20, 58, 62 90, 91, 93, 99, 100, 103, 106, 109, 110, 111, 113, divorce and women\u2019s freedom, 21 115, 116, 120, 123, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, divorce procedure, 25 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 154, divorce statistics, 21, 22 155, 156, 159, 164, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 174, divorce story, 7, 16 176, 184, 186, 192, 193, 194, 197, 201, 214 divorce, causes of, 22, 23, 26, 131 children, travel abroad of, 90, 197 divorce, extra payment, 17, 31 child's ancestry, 33, 34, 46, 73, 75, 154, 159, 168, divorce, planning for, 88, 89, 90, 170, 171, 172, 197 201, 219 divorc\u00e9es, 17, 22, 31, 35, 37, 38, 52, 58, 68, 83, 84, Christianity, 20, 181, 182 105, 115, 121, 145, 155, 176, 177, 188, 192, 194, Christians, 19, 28, 29, 30, 104, 181 209, 213, 214, 219, 220 coitus interruptus, 142, 200, 215 DNA testing, 74, 80, 99 companionship, 29, 30, 36, 84 dofoof, 201, 217 comparison, 48, 49, 120, 174, 205 dowry, 17, 31, 34, 35, 42, 43, 44, 46, 56, 59, 68, 72, 73, 78, 79, 88, 89, 101, 105, 114, 129, 132, 142, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 163, 170, 171, 184, 185, 188, 189, 197, 206, 210, 218, 219, 220 dowry paid by woman, 44 dowry repayment, 17, 44, 63, 68, 155, 197, 203 dowry size, 43, 44, 79, 89, 170, 191, 197, 213 drug use, 24, 25 drums, 76, 101 Dubai, 38, 207","E 229 education, 16, 17, 18, 24, 27, 33, 34, 54, 79, 80, 83, G 88, 89, 101, 111, 115, 121, 124, 131, 132, 137, 139, 143, 147, 174, 197 gender differences, 63, 77, 174, 194 ghosl, 141, 201 Egypt, 21, 33, 34, 35, 37, 44, 52, 57, 70, 200, 208, ghosl al-janaba, 141, 201 218, 222 gift giving, 16, 43, 68, 183, 184, 197, 210 going steady, 183 e-mail address, 196 gradation, 90, 114, 115 emotion, 103, 165 gradualness, 107, 139, 140, 145, 165, 167, 174, 175, engagement, 16, 17, 29, 30, 31, 57, 58, 67, 68, 183, 176, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 192, 195, 203 188, 200, 204 guardian, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 67, 76, 77, 78, F 79, 102, 109, 128, 130, 135, 147, 152, 208, 209, 213, 214, 219, 220 Fadlullah, Mohammed Hussein, 43, 54 guardianship, 42, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 59, 72, 76, 77, false information, 24, 104, 157, 175, 197 79, 80, 90, 101, 110, 135, 197, 208, 219, 220 family choosing spouse, 5, 7, 28, 50, 52, 61, 77, 78, Gulf countries, 22, 30, 31, 37, 38, 64, 201, 218 136, 213, 219, 220 H family interference, 24, 25, 26, 53, 131, 143, 197 family law, 48, 51, 53, 57, 218 hadith quotation, 12, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, farewell pilgrimage, 151, 221 52, 54, 59, 64, 72, 77, 82, 116, 120, 125, 127, 128, fate, 104, 136, 173, 205 130, 141, 142, 150, 176, 178, 195, 213, 221 Fateh Mecca, 151, 201, 221 father-daughter story, 128 hadiths, 12, 13, 43, 45, 48, 51, 52, 59, 72, 73, 123, fathers, 4, 6, 8, 11, 18, 21, 26, 33, 38, 44, 50, 52, 55, 127, 130, 142, 149, 150, 151, 157, 195, 201, 204, 205, 206, 213, 218, 219, 220 77, 78, 79, 80, 88, 90, 98, 101, 102, 106, 109, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, Hafsa, 125, 201, 214 129, 137, 143, 146, 154, 168, 169, 170, 172, 193, hajj, 207 200, 201, 208, 213, 214, 220 hajr, 51, 201 fatwa, 39, 64, 65, 74, 75, 127, 135, 151, 152, 159, halal, 158, 202 200, 201, 217, 222 Hanafi school, 45, 47, 48, 57, 73, 76, 95, 101, 152, Fawzi, Ibrahim, 48, 51, 218 feeqah, 82, 83, 84, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 202, 218, 219 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, Hanbali school, 45, 48, 52, 76, 202, 218, 219 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 129, 131, haneefiah, 47, 195, 202, 213 132, 133, 140, 145, 146, 147, 149, 156, 159, 161, Hanif, Abdul Wadood, 35 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, happiness vs. longevity, 60 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, haraj, 152, 202 192, 193, 201 haram, 70, 136, 149, 202, 220 feeqah terminology, 83, 84, 184 Hashemite, 54, 202 female aggression, 23, 24, 25 headscarf, 83, 102, 105, 114, 182, 202 financial problems, 21, 23, 24, 25, 31, 131 Hegira, 200, 207 fiqh, 201 hidden intention to divorce, 38, 39, 40, 59, 67, 70, firash, 154, 201 fitneh, 54, 201, 214 91, 93, 94, 151, 152, 208, 217 fixed features, 79, 90, 114, 117, 136, 166, 176, 179, hijab, 83, 102, 105, 182, 202 180, 181 Hijazi, Mohammed, 21 flags, 76 hijri, 185, 202 foreplay, 141, 142, 214 homeless, 22, 66, 71, 171, 194 fourth marriage, 127 honor killing, 11, 30 freedom of choice, 28, 46, 50, 51, 52, 61, 76, 77, 78, houseguests, 197 80, 102, 109, 110, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 143, housework, 77, 88, 137, 170, 197 152, 173, 193, 194, 203, 213, 214, 219, 220 Hujjat al-Wadaa\u2019, 151, 202, 221 friend marriage, 135, 136, 201 Hunain, 151, 221 friendship, 30, 58, 67, 83, 110, 135, 165, 166, 184, husband\u2019s right to sex, 63 206 husband\u2019s sexual obligation, 35, 36, 157 frigidity, 106 hymen, 105, 106, 107 Fujairah, 207 hypocrisy, 177 fuqaha\u2019, 48, 201 I Ibn, 202 Ibn Abbas, Abdullah, 50, 77, 142, 149, 151, 213, 215, 220, 221","Ibn Abi Shaybeh, Uthman, 221 230 Ibn Abi Talib, Ali, 150, 178, 213, 215 Ithna\u2019ashari school, 52, 151, 152, 222 Ibn Al-Khattab, Omar, 149, 213 itlaq, 153, 203 Ibn Al-Munthir, 73 Ibn Al-Qasim, 215, 221 J Ibn Az-Zubair, Abdullah, 45, 73, 218 Ja\u2019far As-Sadiq, 51, 142 Ibn Baz, Abdul Aziz, 39, 217 Ja\u2019fari school, 152, 163, 203, 218, 222 Ibn Beshshar, Mohammed, 215, 221 Jabir Ibn Abdullah, 150, 215, 221 Ibn Bishr, 221 Jadul Haqq, Jadul Haqq Ali, 34 jahili, 54, 105, 203 Ibn Haroon, Yazeed, 73 Jahiliah, 48, 51, 54, 203, 218 Ibn Ja\u2019far, Mohammed, 215, 221 Jarir, 221 Ibn Jurayj, 215, 221 jealousy, 25, 117, 173 Ibn Mas\u2019ood, Abdullah, 149 joint guardianship, 52, 90, 197 jomhoor, 39, 47, 203, 217 Ibn Mehdi, Abdul Rahman, 73 Judgment Day, 72, 95, 111, 114, 128, 130 Ibn Numayr Al-Hemdani, Mohammed Ibn K Abdullah, 221 kaaba, 207 Ibn Omar, Abdullah, 45, 73, 218 kafa\u2019ah, 53, 203 Ibn Omar, Salim, 45, 218 Kamal, Abdullah, 35 Ibn Qodamah, Abu Mohammed Abdullah, 149, Khadija, 123, 124, 126, 177, 203 Khaiber, 151, 221 217, 220 khalwah, 12, 59, 82, 154, 187, 203, 213 khitbah, 127, 203 Ibn Rafi\u2019i, Mohammed, 215, 221 khul\u2019, 63, 203 Ibn Rush Al-Hafeed, 52 Kuwait, 7, 8, 21, 22, 201 Ibn Shihab Az-Zohri, 52 Ibn Shu\u2019beh, Al-Mughirah, 127, 149, 214, 215, 221 L Ibn Zuray\u2019, 215, 221 law of registration, 34 ignorance, 12, 46, 54, 64, 105, 168, 178, 195, 203, Law, William, 28 Lebanon, 5, 8, 22, 37, 44, 184, 195 209, 211, 215 lifestyle, 23, 24, 27, 69, 76, 142, 144 Ihsaan, 39, 157, 202 literalism, 201 living abroad, 16, 24, 33, 36, 39, 70, 157, 158, 197, ijab, 42, 73, 77, 185, 188, 202, 205 Ijmaa\u2019, 47, 151, 202, 203, 220 217 ijtihad, 74, 202 living expenses, 11, 35, 36, 37, 43, 67, 68, 89, 105, ila ajalin mosamma, 149, 202, 206 145 Imam quotation, 50, 51, 54, 125, 128, 142, 150, 178, living with relatives, 23, 24, 197 loans, 46, 47, 48, 49, 209 213, 215 loneliness, 25 Imamate, 202 love, 4, 21, 24, 38, 43, 53, 61, 77, 95, 96, 103, 106, Imamate school, 150, 151, 152, 153, 222 113, 117, 120, 125, 131, 133, 139, 142, 158, 163, Imams, 40, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51, 54, 73, 74, 125, 142, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 214 150, 176, 178, 203, 213, 215, 217, 218 lunar calendar, 185, 200, 202 immaturity, 24 M incest, 154, 155, 168 incompatibility, 6, 8, 24, 26, 31, 68, 116, 183 ma\u2019thoon, 33, 204 incompetence, 52, 68, 78, 98 maharim, 154, 168, 203 independent home, 24, 25, 89, 197 maintenance allowance, 37, 89, 91, 114, 153, 155, India, 44 156, 157, 181, 191, 197, 204, 205 inheritance, 34, 53, 91, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 181, makrooh, 54, 136, 149, 203, 218, 220 male authority, 11, 21, 25, 52, 77, 78, 79, 90, 93, 197 in-laws, 21, 24, 25, 26, 31, 88, 89, 98, 117, 153, 154, 101, 102, 128, 219, 220 Malik Ibn Anas, 45, 73, 74, 142, 217, 218, 219 168, 169 Maliki school, 48, 52, 57, 73, 74, 76, 152, 203, 217, interfaith marriage, 54, 156 intermediate husband, 87, 155, 204 218, 219 interracial marriage, 54 invalid marriage, 48, 51, 52, 76, 114, 119, 149, 153, 154, 189, 213 Iran, 37 Iraq, 37 Islam, 203 Islamic calendar, 200 Ismael Ibn Abi Khalid, 221 ISO system, 80, 81, 165, 182 Isra\u2019 Surah, 130, 206, 207 istemta\u2019na, 203, 215, 221 istemta\u2019tum, 149","manhood, 23, 25, 101, 102, 170 231 mansookh, 149, 150, 151, 204, 220 motewaatirah, 150, 204 Mansour Ibn Hazim, 51, 220 mothers, 3, 5, 13, 15, 16, 18, 24, 26, 38, 44, 55, 61, marital conflict, 3, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 62, 68, 88, 66, 82, 88, 89, 90, 98, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 89, 90, 94, 98, 99, 143, 165, 170, 171, 197 127, 142, 143, 155, 159, 168, 170, 172, 193 marital happiness, 60, 127, 137 mu\u2019amalat, 152, 204, 222 mufti, 204, 217 marital harmony, 28 muhallil, 87, 155, 204 marital home, 17, 23, 24, 59, 60, 68, 88, 98, 101, muhkamat, 151, 204, 205, 220 mujtahid, 205, 220 105, 107, 132, 135, 137, 197 mujtahideen, 47, 152, 205, 222 marriage as a joke, 77, 220 mujtahideen meqbooloon, 222 mukhtalafun \u2018alayh, 51, 205 marriage contract, 17, 22, 34, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, mula\u2019inah, 155, 205 48, 49, 50, 51, 57, 69, 71, 73, 87, 88, 89, 90, 98, multiple relationships, 119, 120, 121, 174, 175, 176, 99, 114, 147, 152, 170, 172, 185, 202, 203, 204, 177, 183, 188, 203 205, 206, 207, 217, 218, 219 Muslim Ibn Al-Hajjaj Al-Nisapuri, Abul Hussein, 45, 150, 218 marriage contract conditions, 36, 37, 40, 70, 71, 73, Muslims, 205 79, 80, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 101, 105, Musnad, 150, 215 mustahabb, 45, 55, 205, 208 106, 113, 114, 119, 123, 124, 131, 132, 153, 154, mut\u2019ah, 40, 67, 68, 69, 70, 87, 88, 94, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 170, 171, 172, 175, 188, 189, 190, 194, 153, 154, 155, 157, 159, 163, 205, 215, 217, 220, 197 221 marriage contract elements, 42, 59, 79 mutual agreement, 28, 42, 63, 88, 128, 197, 205 marriage contract wording, 42, 72, 73, 101, 129, N 154, 181, 185, 188 marriage proposal, 36, 37, 42, 54, 59, 72, 73, 79, nafaqah, 153, 205 nakahtoum, 88, 205, 211 113, 114, 125, 127, 128, 140, 202, 203, 205, 214, neglect, 24, 25, 33, 62 219 nestemti\u2019, 203, 205, 215, 221 marriage proposal acceptance, 42, 59, 72, 73, 79, new order, 40 93, 101, 106, 114, 153, 154, 170, 202, 205, 219 Ni\u2019mah, Abdullah, 42 nikah, 87, 88, 205 marriage registration, 33, 34, 38, 99, 109, 115 non-fixed features, 79, 80, 90, 114, 136, 166, 180 marriage statistics, 22, 38 non-Muslims, 5, 54, 150, 156, 181, 182, 183, 184 marrying for money, 17, 24, 54, 107, 139, 165, 166 non-virgins, 31, 44, 51, 84, 105, 115, 116, 119, 121, masturbation, 221 158, 206, 207 maternity, 67, 137, 142, 143 nostalgia, 146 mature marriage, 102, 145, 146, 161 Mecca, 151, 200, 201, 204, 207, 221 O mediators, 98 Oman, 201 Medina, 125, 200, 204, 214 Omar, 150, 215, 221 meeladi, 185, 204 Omran bin Hussein, 150, 215 meeqah, 83, 84, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, oukeya, 44, 205 overstepping boundaries, 71, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 131, 132, 140, 107, 111, 190 145, 146, 147, 149, 156, 159, 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, 180, 181, 182, P 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 204 meeqah terminology, 83, 84, 184 Pakistan, 44 parents, 3, 4, 21, 23, 31, 33, 34, 38, 40, 53, 55, 59, menstruation, 36, 121, 153, 154, 157, 158, 163, 164, 190, 191, 202, 209 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 89, 90, 99, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 111, 113, 117, 130, 134, 135, 137, mental illness, 21, 25, 26, 99, 101, 120, 155, 197, 142, 143, 145, 147, 154, 168, 171, 179, 186, 201 219 passports, 33, 90 past vs. present, 25, 37, 74, 79, 80, 88, 111, 127, Messenger of Allah (pbuh), 204 137, 138, 195 paternity, 67, 74, 80, 99, 106, 130, 141, 142, 143 milcheh, 16, 30, 31, 32, 68, 204 pause between contracts, 96 missionary work, 39, 201 misyar, 35, 36, 37, 38, 59, 60, 64, 65, 67, 76, 113, 204, 218 Moghniyeh, Mohammed Jawad, 42 Mohammed (pbuh), 204 Mohammed, Hanifa student, 52 morality, 11, 55, 66, 68, 71, 102, 108, 110, 111, 123, 135, 176, 179, 183, 187, 203, 215 Morocco, 64 Moses (pbuh), 69, 124, 125, 204 mosque, 45, 48, 200, 204, 213 mostafeedah, 150, 204","pbuh, 205 232 peace be upon him, 205 permanent contracts, 58, 68, 74, 88, 121, 132, 153, rejection of Islam, 76, 155 relationship counseling, 4, 5, 6, 20, 197 154, 157, 159, 185 religious differences, 23, 25, 26 permanent marriage, 36, 59, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 78, religious obligations, 26, 55 remarriage, 52, 87, 102, 116, 145, 155, 167, 204, 209 83, 84, 88, 91, 93, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 105, 107, reproduction, 141, 142, 143 109, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 128, 131, reputation, 17, 31, 68, 75, 119, 121, 127, 139, 179, 132, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 163, 165, 166, 168, 183 169, 176, 178, 179, 185, 190, 191, 193, 197, 202, rescue marriage, 159 203, 204, 206 responsible character, 57, 109, 206 physical attraction, 25, 29, 53, 54, 61, 67, 72, 103, Rezzaq, Abdul, 215, 221 139, 165, 166, 214 right to divorce, 63, 89, 197, 203 physical illness, 8, 21, 25, 38, 39, 143, 156, 197 Riyadh, 22 pilgrimage, 149, 150, 202, 220 romantic love, 30, 54, 95, 131, 133, 165, 171, 175 pillars, 41, 200 roshd, 57, 109, 110, 147, 206 pregnancy, 33, 59, 99, 105, 115, 132, 159, 163, 183 Prince Salman Social Center, 22 S privacy, 67, 83, 84, 107, 111, 117, 120, 197 privacy, lack of, 29 Sa\u2019d Ibn Muslim, 51, 142 Prophet Mohammed (pbuh), 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, Sabiq, Seyyid, 35, 39, 217, 219, 220 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 59, 64, 72, 77, 94, 95, 105, sadaq, 43, 206 106, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 141, 149, 150, 151, sadaqah Shari\u2019ah, 184, 206, 207 152, 176, 177, 179, 204, 207, 211, 213, 214, 215, sadd bab ath-thara\u2019ia\u2019, 82 217, 218, 220, 221 Safiah, 45, 206, 218 Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) companions, 39, 40, 45, 46, 48, safih, 51, 206 149, 177, 205, 218 safihah, 50, 206 Prophet\u2019s (pbuh) wives, 45, 52, 123, 124, 125, 177, sahih, 206 200, 201, 203, 206, 208, 213, 214, 218 Sahih Al-Bukhari, 150 prostitution, 38, 47, 157, 158, 159, 213 Sahih Muslim, 150, 215, 221 proxy, 42, 73, 106, 188, 189, 202, 205 Salamah Ibn Al-Akwa\u2019, 150, 215, 221 puberty, 57, 76, 80, 109, 147, 200 Satan, 12, 59, 213 satisfaction, 13, 28, 38, 53, 54, 64, 65, 73, 131, 132, Q 143, 148, 153, 194, 195, 214 Qatar, 22, 64, 201 satisfaction, lack of, 25, 26 Qays, 221 Saudi Arabia, 22, 39, 40, 201, 217, 218 qintar, 44, 205 schools of thought, 48, 53, 60, 63, 76, 78, 95, 96, qismaw wa naseeb, 173, 205 qiyas, 48, 205 109, 150, 152, 187, 207, 220, 221 qubool, 42, 73, 77, 185, 188, 202, 205, 220 scientific advancement, 62, 74, 75, 80 Qur\u2019an, 206 second marriage, 24, 25, 37, 42, 46, 63, 111, 127, Qur\u2019anic verse quotation, 35, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 161, 162, 167, 168, 197, 210 51, 52, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 87, 88, 100, 101, 115, secret dating, 56, 104, 119, 168, 217 116, 121, 124, 125, 130, 149, 151, 159, 173, 176, secret marriage, 24, 33, 46, 73, 76, 168, 204, 218 179, 193, 195, 209, 211, 220, 221 seeqah, 83, 84, 87, 92, 93, 99, 106, 107, 114, 115, Qur\u2019anic verses, 12, 13, 31, 44, 46, 58, 200, 202, 205, 207 116, 123, 132, 141, 142, 143, 149, 159, 167, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 206 R self-interest, 98, 189 selfishness, 25, 40, 66, 78, 107, 120, 140, 165, 166, rabbaiani, 130 176, 177, 179 Rabi\u2019 Al-Awwal, 206, 222 self-sacrificers, 38 rafeeqah, 84, 206 separate with kindness, 116, 176, 184, 197, 209 raj\u2019ee, 206 separation, 12, 21, 23, 24, 25, 40, 61, 66, 82, 91, 142, Ras Al-Khaimah, 207 164, 172, 176, 207 rashid, 50, 51, 109, 206 separation without divorce, 155 rashidah, 50, 51, 77, 102, 109, 110, 206 sexual intercourse, 35, 68, 69, 87, 88, 92, 106, 114, Rawh, 215, 221 115, 116, 121, 132, 133, 141, 153, 154, 155, 156, reconciliation, 25, 87, 164, 204, 206 157, 159, 163, 190, 191, 200, 205, 206, 217 reeba, 82, 206 sexual needs, 24, 28, 31, 36, 38, 53, 57, 67, 69, 83, 116, 132, 136, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 157, 159, 160, 161, 177 sexual problems, 24, 25, 26, 31 Seyyid, 206","Shafi\u2019i school, 45, 48, 52, 57, 73, 76, 95, 206, 218, 233 219 160, 161, 163, 169, 184, 185, 186, 201, 203, 204, Shar\u2019i, 59, 184, 206, 207 206 Shari\u2019ah, 12, 13, 20, 22, 29, 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, temporary contracts, early end, 95, 175, 190, 208 temporary marriage, 40, 70, 81, 87, 91, 94, 98, 121, 44, 50, 54, 55, 56, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 149, 156, 157, 158, 159, 163, 164, 168, 185, 187, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 82, 90, 93, 94, 99, 101, 104, 190, 191, 192, 193, 202, 205 105, 109, 110, 112, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128, temptations, 36, 38, 39, 157 129, 130, 136, 141, 142, 147, 152, 155, 156, 157, testemti\u2019oo, 207, 215, 221 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169, 176, 177, 178, thayyib, 102, 207 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 202, 205, 207, 217, third divorce, 87, 155, 204 222, 224 third marriage, 127 Sharjah, 34, 207 Thompson, Linda, 28 Sheikh, 207 timing, 70, 71, 72, 88, 91, 95, 96, 114, 128, 129, 130, Sheltout, Mahmoud, 151, 152, 222 132, 151, 152, 153, 154, 184, 188 Shi\u2019ia, 207 Shi\u2019ite, 207 U shobhah, 136, 207 Shu\u2019aib (pbuh), 124, 125, 207 Ubayy Ibn Ka\u2019b, 149, 221 siblings, 3, 5, 11, 21, 23, 29, 38, 44, 66, 70, 72, 80, Umm Al-Qaiwain, 207 82, 83, 88, 91, 92, 102, 105, 107, 111, 117, 120, United Arab Emirates, 22, 38, 201, 207 123, 129, 154, 155, 166, 176, 177, 186, 190, 201, unmarriageability, 154, 168, 169, 203 214 upbringing, 33, 54, 55, 56, 80, 89, 108, 111, 134, 147, simultaneous contracts, 119, 175 slaves, 46, 50, 155, 156, 210, 220 161, 177 social status, 11, 24, 54, 61, 72, 79, 80, 99, 100, 107, utterance, 34, 73, 79, 185, 189 110, 139, 165, 166, 214 solar calendar, 185, 200, 204 V sons, 3, 6, 8, 28, 45, 54, 61, 69, 111, 125, 129, 135, 172, 214, 218 viewing the girl's body, 29, 83, 105, 128 sorcery, 25 violence against men, 24 Spanier, Graham, 28 violence against women, 22, 24, 30, 107, 137 spinsters, 35, 37, 38, 52, 83, 84, 115, 135, 214 virginity, 30, 59, 83, 105, 106, 133 statistical inaccuracy, 22 virgins, 31, 51, 52, 77, 84, 93, 102, 105, 115, 116, sterility, 23, 24, 25, 72, 83, 143, 167, 214 Sunnah, 35, 39, 42, 46, 51, 72, 73, 79, 124, 127, 149, 120, 121, 132, 204, 214, 219, 220 150, 151, 153, 154, 180, 207, 217, 219, 220, 224 visitation rights, 100, 197 Sunni, 207 suspicion, 7, 25, 67, 74, 76, 84, 99, 100, 101, 102, W 117, 173, 174 Syria, 52, 57 wajib, 45, 55, 208 Waki\u2019, 221 T waliyy, 47, 208, 213 website address, 196 ta\u2019arof Shar\u2019i, 184, 206, 207 wedding, 8, 31, 37, 44, 45, 48, 89, 101, 106, 114, 197, Tabook, 151, 221 tafseer, 149, 207 218 tahdeed an-nasi\u2019, 142, 207 Western clothing, 182 tahreef, 151, 207 Western social chaos, 165, 166, 181, 182, 183, 184 tambourines, 201, 217 Western society, 7, 13, 22, 104, 111, 120, 135, 136, tan-kah, 87, 207, 209 Tantaoui, Mohammed, 35, 218 165, 166, 169, 181, 182, 183, 184 taqyeed, 153, 207 Western women, 4, 7, 11, 12, 111, 177, 182, 183 team spirit, lack of, 25 widows, 16, 35, 37, 38, 52, 83, 105, 115, 155, 168, tebeen, 155, 207 teenage dating, 146, 147, 183 176, 177, 188, 191, 213, 214, 219, 220 teenage marriage, 8, 16, 57, 102, 219 wife's refusal of sex, 44 temporary contract length, 68, 90, 95, 98, 99, 105, wilayah, 50, 208 witnessing, 25, 26, 34, 37, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 56, 115, 116, 130, 132, 140, 141, 143, 153, 156, 159, 163, 165, 184, 187, 188, 191 59, 67, 72, 73, 74, 76, 79, 80, 98, 99, 100, 101, temporary contracts, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 82, 106, 128, 129, 135, 152, 209, 213, 217, 218, 219 87, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 99, 105, 109, 113, 116, 121, woman proposing, 79, 123, 124, 125, 126, 177, 214 129, 132, 141, 142, 146, 147, 149, 151, 157, 158, woman viewing girl's body, 29 women as merchandise, 11, 43, 44, 127, 213 words of contract end, 190, 208 words of divorce, 25 words of love, 95, 113, 133","234 words of marriage, 42, 71, 73, 77, 113, 154, 185, yohassin, 157, 208 188, 205, 220 Z wrong reasons to marry, 53, 131, 145, 183 Zaidi school, 52, 151, 222 Y Zainab, 45, 208, 218 Zararah, 50, 51 Yemen, 135, 201 zawaj bi-niat al-talaq, 38, 205, 208 Yemoot, Salah, 37 zina, 159, 208 yeqeeni, 151, 201, 208, 220 Yezid, 215, 221 *****"]
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