Rehabilitation from COVID-19 An Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Protocol

320 Appendices: Related Rating Scales APPENDIX 19: GENERALIZED ANXIETY SCALE (GAD-7) In the past 2 weeks, how much of the time have you felt the following: More Tan Almost Completely A few Half the Every S/N Parameter No (0) Days (1) Time (2) Day (3) 1 Feel nervous or anxious 2 Cannot stop or control worrying 3 Worry too much about all kinds of things 4 Hard to relax 5 Unable to sit still because of uneasiness 6 Become easily annoyed or irritable 7 Feel afraid, as if something terrible is going to happen Total Score Scoring criteria: Tere is 0–3 score for each parameter. Te total score is the sum of the seven parameters. Te total score ranges from 0–21. • 0–4 = no GAD • 5–9 = mild GAD • 10–14 = moderate GAD • 15–21 = severe GAD

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 321 APPENDIX 20: SOCIAL READJUSTMENT RATING SCALE (ADULTS) S/N Life Events Life Change Unit 1 Death of spouse 100 2 Divorce 73 3 Separation 65 4 Been in prison 63 5 A close family member died 63 6 Have been hurt or sick 53 7 Got married 50 8 Got fred 47 9 Rekindled your relationship with your spouse 45 10 Retired 45 11 Changes in the health status of family members 44 12 Pregnancy 40 13 Sexual dysfunction 39 14 Added a new member to the family 39 15 Job readjustment 39 16 Change in income and expenditure 38 17 Death of a close friend 37 18 Change of your profession 36 19 Changes in the number of arguments with your spouse 35 20 Massive debt 32 21 Foreclosure or loan of valuable property that cannot be 30 recovered 22 Job responsibilities changed 29 23 Children leaving home 29 24 Disputes between in-laws 29 25 Outstanding personal achievements 28 26 Spouses started or stopped working 26 27 Beginning or ending education 26 28 Changes in living conditions 25 29 Change of personal habits 24 30 Not getting along with your boss 23

322 Appendices: Related Rating Scales S/N Life Events Life Change Unit 31 A change in working hours or conditions 20 32 Moved house 20 33 Changed school 20 34 Changes in entertainment 19 35 Changes in church activities 19 36 Changes in social activities 18 37 Took out small mortgages or loans 17 38 Changes in sleep habits 16 39 Changes in the number of family reunions 15 40 Changes in eating habits 15 41 Went on holiday 13 42 Christmas 12 43 Committed minor ofense 11 Scoring criteria: • 0–149 score = No major problems • 150–199 score = Minor health risk (33% chance of getting sick) • 200–299 score = Moderate health risk (50% chance of disease) • Above 300 score = Serious health risk (80% chance of disease) APPENDIX 21: SOCIAL READJUSTMENT Life Change Unit RATING SCALE (JUVENILE) 100 100 S/N Life Events 95 1 Father or mother dies 90 2 Unwanted pregnancy or miscarriage 80 3 Got married 70 4 Parents divorced 70 5 Produce visible deformities 69 6 Being a father or mother to your children 68 7 Your father or mother was jailed for more than a year 67 8 Parents separated 9 Brothers and sisters died 10 Changes in acceptance by peers

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 323 S/N Life Events Life Change Unit 11 Your sister is pregnant unplanned 64 12 Found out you were adopted 63 13 Your father or mother remarried 63 14 Death of a close friend 63 15 You have a visible congenital malformation 62 16 You have had serious illnesses requiring hospitalization 58 17 Failed in school 56 18 Did not participate in extracurricular activities 55 19 Either father or mother was hospitalized 55 20 Your father or mother was jailed for more than 30 days 53 21 Broke up with your boyfriend (girlfriend) 53 22 Fell in love 51 23 Dropped out of school 50 24 Started using drugs or alcohol 50 25 A younger brother or sister was born 50 26 Te number of arguments with parents increased 47 27 Your father or mother lost their job 46 28 Outstanding personal achievements 46 29 Changes in parents’ balance of payments 45 30 Went to college 43 31 Went to high school 42 32 A sibling was hospitalized 41 33 Increased time spent away from home 38 34 Brothers and sisters left the family 37 35 Families have grown with adults other than parents 34 36 Become a full member of the church 31 37 Fewer arguments between parents 27 38 Fewer arguments with parents 26 39 Mother or father started to work 26 Scoring criteria: • 0–149 score = No major problems • 150–199 score = Minor health risk (33% chance of getting sick) • 200–299 score = Moderate health risk (50% chance of disease) • Above 300 score = Serious health risk (80% chance of disease)

324 Appendices: Related Rating Scales APPENDIX 22: MENTAL HEALTH SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (SRQ) 1. All 20 parameters are scored as 0 or 1. 2. 1 indicates the presence of symptoms in the past month. 3. 0 indicates the absence of symptoms. 4. Te highest total score is 20, and the threshold value is 7 or 8. 5. A positive result indicates that the subject has emotional pain and needs mental health help. Contents Yes No 1. Do you often have headaches? 10 2. Do you have a poor appetite? 10 3. Do you have poor sleep? 10 4. Are you easily frightened? 10 5. Are your hands shaking? 10 6. Are you feeling nervous or worried? 10 7. Do you have indigestion? 10 8. Are you not thinking clearly? 10 9. Are you not feeling well? 10 10. Do you cry more than before? 10 11. Do you fnd it difcult to derive pleasure from your daily activities? 10 12. Do you fnd it difcult to make decisions? 10 13. Do you sufer from routine work? 10 14. Are you unable to play a role in your life? 10 15. Have you lost interest in things? 10 16. Do you feel like a worthless person? 10 17. Have you ever thought of ending your life? 10 18. Do you get tired at any time? 10 19. Do you feel sick to your stomach? 10 20. Do you get tired easily? 10

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 325 APPENDIX 23: PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI) Te following questions are about your sleep situation in the last month. Please choose the answer that best fts your actual situation in the last month. Please answer the following questions: 1. For nearly a month, I usually go to bed at night at (_____) o ‘clock. 2. In the last month, it usually takes (_____) minutes from going to bed to falling asleep. 3. For nearly a month, I usually get up at (_____) am. 4. I usually sleep (_____) hours per night for nearly 1 month (not equal to bedtime). 5. In the last 1 month, a. Difculty falling asleep (inability to fall I have had trouble asleep within 30 minutes) sleeping due to the following (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 conditions times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week b. Easily wake up in the middle of the night or too early (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week c. Go to the bathroom at night (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week d. Disturbance in respiration (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week e. Cough or snore loudly (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week f. Feel cold (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week g. Feel hot (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week h. Nightmares (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week i. Pain and discomfort (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week

326 Appendices: Related Rating Scales j. Other things that interfere with sleep (1) No (2) < 1 time per week (3) 1–2 times per week (4) ≥ 3 times per week If yes, please explain: 6. In the last month, in general, what do you think of your sleep quality? (1) Very good (2) Good (3) Bad (4) Very Bad 7. How often do you use sleeping pills in the past month? (1) No (2) < Once/week (3) 1–2 times/ week (4) ≥ 3 times/week 8. How often have you felt sleepy in the past month? (1) No (2) < 1 time/week (3) 1–2 times/ week (4) ≥ 3 times/week 9. Have you been lacking energy in the past month? (1) No (2) Occasionally (3) Sometimes (4) Often • Sleep quality score ( ) • Sleep time score ( ) • Sleep time score ( ) • Sleep efciency score ( ) • Sleep disorder score ( ) • Hypnotic drug score ( ) • Daytime dysfunction score ( ) • Total PSQI score ( ) Tested by: Note: PSQI is used to evaluate the sleep quality of the subjects in the last 1 month. It is composed of 19 evaluation parameters and fve other evaluation parameters, among which the frst evaluation parameter and fve other evalu- ation parameters do not participate in the scoring. Only 18 evaluation param- eters that participate in the scoring are introduced here (see the attached questionnaire for details). Te 18 parameters comprise seven components, and each component is scored on a scale of 0 to 3. Te cumulative score of each com- ponent is the total score of PSQI, which ranges from 0–21. Te higher the score, the worse the sleep quality. It took 5–10 minutes for the subjects to complete the test. Te meaning and scoring method of each component are as follows: A. Sleep quality: 1 score for good, 2 score for poor, and 3 score for very poor according to the response to Parameter 6.

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 327 B. Bedtime B.1. Te score for Parameter 2: A score of 0 is assigned for ≤ 15, a score of 1 is assigned for 16–30, a score of 2 is assigned for 31–60, and a score of 3 is assigned for ≥ 60. B.2. Te score for Parameter 5a: if it is absent, a score of 0 is assigned, a score of 1 is assigned for < 1 week/time, and a score of 2 is assigned for 1–2 weeks/time, and a score of 3 is assigned for ≥ 3 weeks/time. B.3. Score for Parameters 2 and 5a are accumulated, if the accumulated score is 0, 0 score is assigned; if it is 1–2, a score of 1 is assigned; if it is 3–4, a score of 2 is assigned; if it is 5–6, a score of 3 is assigned. C. Sleep time: Score according to the response to Parameter 4. A score of 0 is assigned for > 7 hours; a score of 1 is assigned for 6–7 hours; a score of 2 is assigned for 5–6 hours; and a score of 3 is assigned for < 5 hours. D. Sleep efciency D.1. Bedtime = Parameter 3 (wake-up time) — Parameter 1 (bedtime). D.2. Sleep efciency = Parameter 4 (sleep time)/time in bed ×100%. D.3. Component D scoring position: A score of 0 is assigned if sleep efciency > 85%; a score of 1 is assigned if 75%–84%; a score of 2 is assigned if 65%–74%; a score of 3 is assigned if <65%. E. Sleep disorders: Score according to Parameters 5b to 5j. A score of 0 is assigned if it is absent; a score of 1 is assigned if it is < 1 week/time; a score of 2 is assigned if it is 1–2 weeks/time; a score of 3 is assigned if it is ≥ 3 weeks/time. Score for Parameters 5b to 5j are accumulated; if the accumulated score is 0, a score of 0 is assigned for Component E; if it is 1–9, a score of 1 is assigned; if it is 10–18, a score of 2 is assigned; if it is 19–27, a score of 3 is assigned. F. Hypnotic drugs: Score according to the response to Parameter 7. A score of 0 is assigned if it is absent; a score of 1 is assigned if it is < 1 week/time; a score of 2 is assigned if it is 1–2 weeks/time; a score of 3 is assigned if it is ≥ 3 weeks/time. G. Daytime dysfunction G1. Score according to the response to Parameter 7. A score of 0 is assigned if it is absent; a score of 1 is assigned if it is < 1 week/ time; a score of 2 is assigned if it is 1–2 weeks/time; a score of 3 is assigned if it is ≥ 3 weeks/time. G2. Score according to the response to Parameter 7. A score of 0 is assigned if it is absent; a score of 1 is assigned if it is occasionally; a score of 2 is assigned if it is sometimes; a score of 3 is assigned if it is frequently.

328 Appendices: Related Rating Scales G3. Score for Parameters 8 and 9 are accumulated; if the accumulated score is 0, a score of 0 is assigned for Component G; if it is 1–2, a score of 1 is assigned; if it is 3–4, a score of 2 is assigned; if it is 5–6, a score of 3 is assigned. Total Score of PSQI = Component A + Component B + Component C + Component D + Component E + Component F + Component G Scoring criteria: • 0–5 score = Very good sleep quality • 6–10 score = Good sleep quality • 11–15 score = Moderate sleep quality • 16–21 score = Poor sleep quality

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 329 APPENDIX 24: LIST OF RELEVANT ACUPUNCTURE POINTS Head and Face Temple It is located on the head, between the tip of the eyebrow and the outer Dazhui canthus, in a depression about one fnger back. Fengfu First sit up and lower head (both vertebras can separate when lowering Fengchi head, and protruding spinous process can be touched), the depression below the highest point of the neck (the seventh cervical vertebra) is dazhui, which is between the two vertebrae, the upper one is the cervical vertebra and the lower one is the thoracic vertebra. If the protruding bones are not too obvious, allow the patient to move the neck, and the immobile bone is the frst thoracic vertebra, which is about level with shoulder. It is located in the posterior cervical region, the exoccipital bulge is convex and straight down, and in the concavity of the quality control of the oblique muscles on both sides. It is located in the posterior region of the neck, below the occipital bone, in the depression between the upper end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper end of the trapezius muscle.

330 Appendices: Related Rating Scales Back Dingchuan It is located on the back of the forehead, 0.5 cun from the midpoint of Fengmen the inferior border of the seventh cervical spine. Feishu Pishu It is located in the spinal region, below the second thoracic spine and 1.5 cun away from the median line. Shenshu It is located on the back, inferior of the third thoracic spine, 1.5 cun away from the median line. It is located on the back, below the eleventh thoracic spine, about 1.5 cun wide beside the middle of the spine (governor channel). Te acupuncture point is taken in the prone position. It is located in the lumbar region, below the second lumbar spinous process away from the median line. In the sitting or standing position, have the patient cross his/her hands and fnd the highest point of the iliac bone on both sides of the body; the intersection of the two points and the lumbar vertebrae is the fourth lumbar spine, counting upward two, is the second lumbar spine, 1.5 cun from the lower side.

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 331 Abdomen Qihai At supine position, guanyuan is at four transverse fngers below Guanyuan umbilicus, and qihai is at midpoint of the connecting line between guanyuan and umbilicus. Tere is an obvious feeling of acid distension when it is pressed. It is located at the lower abdomen, above anterior median line, 3 cun from middle-lower umbilicus.

332 Appendices: Related Rating Scales Upper Limbs Quchi It is located at the tip of transverse striation of elbow when bending Chize the elbow; there is a feeling of acid distension when it is pressed. Taiyuan Hegu It is located in the transverse ridge of the elbow and the depression of the radial side of the biceps tendon. Shaoshang Shangyang It is located in the anterior region of the wrist, between the radial styloid process and the scaphoid bone, in the ulnar depression of the tendon of the long extensor pollicis. Open one hand naturally and hold out your thumb with the other hand. Place the horizontal stripe of the thumb on the junction of the thumb and index fnger of the opened hand. Press the thumb down, and the point below the fngertip is hegu point. Tere is an obvious feeling of acid distension when it is pressed. It is located at radial side of distal thumb, 0.1 cun away from the root of the nail. It is located radial side of distal index fnger, 0.1 cun away from the root of nail.

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 333

334 Appendices: Related Rating Scales Lower Limbs Zusanli It is outside the lower leg, 3 cun from outer knee eyes (index, middle, ring, and little fngers close together, it should be subject to Fenglong proximal transverse striation of median segment of middle fnger, Yinlingquan the transverse distance for four fngers is 3 cun), one transverse Taixi fnger from the anterior edge of the tibia (middle fnger) Sanyinjiao It is on the anterolateral leg, 8 cun above lateral malleolus tip, Yongquan outside tiaokou, distance from anterior margin of tibia is the width of transverse lines of two thumbs. It is located in the medial side of the lower leg and in the depression of the medial tibia below the knee, opposite to zusanli point (or in the depression of the posterior lower part of the medial tibia). It is the hollow between the inner side of the medial malleolus and the heel tendon. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, 3 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus, the posterior margin of the tibia. When taking the point, with the transverse lines of the index, middle, ring, and little fngers, it is 3 cun from the tip of the inner ankle, on the posterior border of the tibia. Yongquan acupoint is located at the upper third of line between heel to the junction of the second and third toes, or depression in the front of planta pedis when bending toes vigorously.

Appendices: Related Rating Scales 335 Auricular Lung It is located around the auricular center. Chest Trachea It is located in the middle two-ffths of the anterior part of anthelix. Kidney It is located in the cavity of auricular concha, between the heart Sympathetic area and the external auricle gate. Shenmen It is located lower bifurcation of upper and lower crus of helix. Spleen It is located at the junction between the lower crus of helix and Stomach inner side of helix. Endocrine It is located at the upper third part behind the triangle fossa. It is located at the posterior upper part of the cavity of auricular concha, i.e., Area 13 of auricular concha. It is located at the area there is no crus of helix, i.e., Area 4 of auricular concha. It is located in the interscreen notch, the anterior lower part of the cavity of auricular concha, i.e., Area 18 of auricular concha.



Index Abdomen, acupuncture points in, 331 Acupoint (meridian) massage Abdominal breathing exercises, 69 therapy, 115 Abdominal breath training, 179–180 Abnormal blood gas, 38 contraindications, 118–119 ACBTs, see Active cycle of breathing location of acupoints, 117 operation method, 118 techniques operation precautions, 118 Acceptability, principle of, 138 principles of treatment, 116 ACE2, see Angiotensin-converting selection of points, 116 enzyme 2 main points, 116 ACT, see Airway clearance technique match acupoints with symptoms, Active cycle of breathing techniques 116–117 (ACBTs), 65–66 treatment mechanism, 116 precautions for, 74 Acupuncture points Activities of daily living (ADL) in abdomen, 331 assessment, 59 in auricular, 335 dysfunction, 48 in back, 330 intervention, 296 in head and face, 329 training, 86 in lower limb, 334 in upper limb, 332–333 BADL training (see Basic Acupuncture therapy, 107 activities of daily living choice of acupoints training) clinical treatment period, 110 instrumental activities of daily convalescent period, 111 living (IADL), 89 medical observation period, 110 contraindication to acupuncture, 112 Acupoint application therapy, 119 location of points, 111–112 operation method mechanism of treatment composition and production of dredging the meridian, 110 drugs, 121–122 harmonizing yin and yang, operation steps, 122 selection of acupoints, 121 108–109 treatment mechanism nourishing good and dispel immune mechanism, efects of, 120–121 evil, 109 infammatory mechanisms, efects operation method, 112 of, 121 principles of treatment, 108 long-term acupoint Acute respiratory distress syndrome stimulation, 120 medicine acts on pathogen, 119 (ARDS), 23, 61 regulate the body as a whole, 120 posture management for patients with, 64 337

338 Index and respiratory failure, 40–41 Back, acupuncture points in, 330 Adjustment disorder, 46 Back-scratching experiment, 307 ADL, see Activities of daily living Back-scratch test, 57 Aerobic exercise, 75–77, 288–289 BADL training, see Basic activities of Aerosol transmission, 3 Air disinfection, 172–173 daily living training Airway clearance technique (ACT), 38, 61, Baduanjin, 132, 265–269 Balance, assessment of, 57 64, 286–287 active cycle of breathing techniques functional reach test, 57 one-leg standing balance test, 57 (ACBTs), 65–66 timed up and go test (TUG), 57 chest physical therapy techniques, Balance training, 83, 294 for patients who can barely get up, 84 67–68 for patients who can stand on a fat efective cough, 65 high-frequency chest wall oscillation surface for a certain time, 84 for patients who can’t stand, 84 (HFCWO), 67 Barthel Index, 260 oscillating positive expiratory evaluation scale, 310–311 Basic activities of daily living (BADL) pressure (OPEP), 67 postural drainage techniques, 67 training, 86 AIS, see Athens insomnia scale bathing, 88 AMC, see Arm muscle circle brushing teeth, 88 Anger therapy, 136 dressing, 87–88 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 eating, 88–89 putting on shoes, 88 (ACE2), 1, 4 sitting up, 87 Anthropometry standing up, 87 turning over, 86 arm muscle circle (AMC), 245 walking, 87 body composition measurement washing face, 88 Bat SARS-like coronavirus (bat-SL- method, 245–246 triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), 245 CoVZC45), 1 weight and BMI, 244–245 BC technique, see Breathing control Anti-breathing training, 287–288 Ape exercise, 274–275 technique ARDS, see Acute respiratory distress Bear exercise, 271 Behavior therapy, 94, 229–230 syndrome Arm muscle circle (AMC), 245 aversion therapy, 94–95 Athens insomnia scale (AIS), 59 behavior-shaping method, 95 Auricular acupoint pressing therapy, relaxation response training, 95 systematic desensitization, 94 122, 335 token economy, 95 auricular point positioning, 123–124 Bereavement and mourning reaction, 47 auricular point selection, 123 Biofeedback therapy, 232 contraindications, 124 Bloodletting therapy, 129 operation method, 124 contraindications, 131 treatment mechanism, 122–123 location of acupoints, 131 Auxiliary examination, of COVID-19 operation method, 131 chest imaging, 20 selection of acupoints, 131 laboratory examination treatment mechanism, 130–131 etiological, 19–20 routine examination, 19 serological examination, 20

Index 339 Blood purifcation treatment, 25 Clinical manifestations, of COVID-19, 7 Blood vessels, 7 clinical outcome, 9 Body composition measurement method, epidemiological characteristic, 8 respiratory system signs, 8 245–246 symptoms, 8 Body-weight assessment of Clinical outcomes, of COVID-19, 9 cardiopulmonary function, 56 Clinical rehabilitation of COVID- Bone marrow, 6–7 Borg Dyspnea Assessment Scale, 301 19; see also Treatment, of Brain imaging technology, 222 COVID-19 Breathing, difculty in, 85 connotation of rehabilitation Breathing control (BC) technique, 62, 65 intervention Breathing exercises, 72–73 activity/physical strength, Breathing training, 68 enhancement of, 196 cardiopulmonary function, local dilation breathing training, 71 enhancement of, 196 relaxation training, 71 health education, 196–197 respiratory pattern training, 69 psychological treatment, 197 for discharged patients, 209 abdominal breathing exercises, 69 mild/moderate discharged breathing rhythm adjusting patients, 210–211 severe/critically severe disease, training, 70 patients with, 211–214 pursed-lip breathing training, 69 guiding principles of rehabilitation rhythm adjusting training, 70 cardiopulmonary function, Bronchiectasis, 38 improvement of, 195 Cardiopulmonary exercise test physical ftness, improvement of, 196 (CPET), 56 whole-course psychological Cardiopulmonary function, safe intervention, 195 home rehabilitation procedures, 202 and efective improvement hospitalized patients, 203 of, 195 mild patients, 203–205 Catheter-related bloodstream infection, moderate patients, 205–207 prevention of, 28 severe/critically severe patients, Chair-stretching forward test, 306 207–209 Chest CT examination in-hospital rehabilitation advantages and characteristics, procedures, 200 11–12 outpatient rehabilitation stages of chest CT manifestations, procedures, 201 12–13 process management, 197 Chest imaging, 20 diagnosis and treatment Chest X-ray, 11 procedures, 199 CHI, see Creatinine–height index job description, 198–199 Chlorine-containing disinfectant, overall objective, 198 precautions for using, 175 precautions, 199 Chrysanthemum bat, 1 prerequisites for intervention, Circulation support, 24 199–201 Clinical classifcation, of COVID-19, 17 safety precautions, 198 critically severe, 18 mild, 17 moderate, 17 severe cases, 17–18

340 Index suspension and withdrawal of Cognition therapy, 228–229 rehabilitation treatment, Cognitive problems, 27 202–203 Cognitive therapy, 92 working principle, 197–198 main strategies of, 92–93 relevant policies and basis in methods for, 93–94 Community-based rehabilitation, 259 rehabilitation diagnosis and dysfunction of daily living ability and treatment, 197 Clinical treatment, of COVID-19, 21, 26 social participation, 260 discharge criteria, 30 goals of rehabilitation, 261 general treatment, 22–23 implementation of rehabilitation management measures, 31 precautions after being discharged treatment, 262 from hospitals, 30 physical dysfunction, 260 and prevention process of rehabilitation, 261 of catheter-related bloodstream psychological dysfunction, 261 infection, 28 rehabilitation evaluation, 262 of deep vein thrombosis, 28 respiratory dysfunction, 260 of ICU-related complications, 29 treatment, 262 of stress ulcers, 28 of ventilator-associated auxiliary appliances, pneumonia, 28 confguration and use of, re-positive nucleic acid conversion, 263–264 analysis of, 30 re-positive nucleic acid tests guidance of rehabilitation infectivity of patients with, 31 training, 263 treatment measures for patients with, 31 psychological intervention, 263 of severe and critically severe cases Confdentiality, principle of, 139 blood purifcation treatment, 25 Continuous Renal Replacement Terapy circulation support, 24 immunotherapy, 26 (CRRT), 24 principles of treatment, 23 Contracted lip breathing, 287 psychotherapy, 27 Contraindications, 297 recovered patients’ plasma Controlled deep breathing, 287 therapy, 25 Convalescent period, 29 rehabilitation treatment, 26 Core strength training, 81 renal failure and renal Coronaviruses, 1 replacement therapy, 24 Cough, efective, 65 respiratory support, 23–24 Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing guidance and training treatment, 29 techniques for, 182 clinical treatment, 29 medication observation, 29 defnition, 182 treatment place determination key points of operation, 182 according to patients’ precautions, 182–183 condition, 21 purpose, 182 Close contact transmission, 3 COVID-19 rehabilitation unit (CRU), 145 common complications of COVID-19 and their management disuse muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, 166–167 disuse osteoporosis, 167–168 joint contracture, 167 malnutrition, 166–167

Index 341 pressure ulcers (see Pressure clinical research, conducive to, 148 ulcers) efective clinical results, urinary tract infection, 165–166 producing, 147 vein thromboembolism (VTE), improving the satisfaction of 161–164 patients and their families, concept of, 145–146 147–148 diagnosis and treatment plan types of convalescent period, 148–149 assessing COVID-19 patients in early period, 148 detail, 158 ultra-early period, 148 work content of, 151–152 contents of rehabilitation workfow, 156–157 nursing, 158–159 work principles, 156 work requirements, 156 extended rehabilitation CPET, see Cardiopulmonary exercise test therapy, 161 Crane exercise, 271–272 Creatinine–height index (CHI), 246–247 holding a CRU teamwork group Critically severe cases meeting, 158 clinical criteria, 18 traditional Chinese medicine preventing complications, 160 treatment, 29 rehabilitation therapy, 160 CRU, see COVID-19 rehabilitation unit TCM rehabilitation therapy, 160 CRRT, see Continuous Renal treatment measures, 159 Replacement Terapy discharge follow-up, 153 Cupping therapy, 124 discharge plan, 153 contraindications, 127 dysfunction location, 126 barriers to social participation, 155 location selection, 126 physical dysfunction, 154–155 operation methods psychological dysfunction, 155 bloodletting puncture and respiratory dysfunction, 154 cupping, 126 health education, 152 moving cupping, 126 isolation wards, equipment retaining cupping, 126 treatment mechanism conditions for thermothermal efect, medical personnel, protection of, mechanism of, 126 traditional Chinese medicine 149–150 (TCM), mechanism of, 125 prerequisite, 149 Western medicine, mechanisms of, requirements, 149 125–126 site, 149 Cytokines, 4, 5 strengthening patient Cytokine storm, 25 Deep vein thrombosis, prevention of, 28 management, 150 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 163–164 organization and operation of CRU Deer exercise, 272–273 Depression in patients with PTSD, 45 ward, 152 principal member of, 150 rehabilitation and treatment areas, setting of, 150 environmental requirements, 150 training equipment and apparatus, 150 responsibilities of, 150–151 role of, 147 signifcance of, 147

342 Index Diagnostic criteria, of COVID-19, 15 methods, 210–211 auxiliary examination objectives, 210 chest imaging, 20 severe/critically severe disease, etiological, 19–20 routine examination, 19 patients with serological examination, 20 criteria exclusion and motion clinical classifcation, 17 critically severe, 18 termination, 211–212 mild, 17 methods, 212–214 moderate, 17 objectives, 211 severe cases, 17–18 Discharge guidance and health confrmed cases, 16–17 diferential diagnosis education non-infectious disease, 20 breathing training and activities, upper respiratory disease, 20 viral and mycoplasma adherence to, 192 pneumonia, 20 diet, attention on, 191 exclusion criteria, 21 disease prevention, 192 reporting system, 20–21 Disinfection suspected cases, 15 air, 172–173 clinical manifestations, 16 of articles and ground, 173 epidemiological history, 15 medical fabric washing and, 174 warning signals, 18 of reusable instruments and adults, 19 children, 19 articles, 174 ultraviolet air disinfection, Diet adjustment, 296–297 Dietary guidance precautions for, 174–175 Disuse muscle weakness and muscle for frontline workers, 254–255 for ordinary/convalescent atrophy, 166–167 Disuse osteoporosis, 167–168 patients, 253 Doubt analysis, therapy of, 191 for prevention and control among DVT, see Deep venous thrombosis Dysfunction, 35 general population, 255 severe syndrome, nutritional of daily living ability and social participation, 260 treatment for patients with, 253–254 physical dysfunction, 41, 260 TCM diet guidance, 256 decreased exercise ability and frst prescription, 256 tolerance, 42–44 second prescription, 256 tachycardias, 41–42 third prescription, 256 Diferential diagnosis, of COVID-19 psychological and social dysfunction non-infectious disease, 20 (see Psychological and social upper respiratory disease, 20 dysfunction) viral and mycoplasma pneumonia, 20 Discharged patients, rehabilitation respiratory dysfunction, 35, 260 treatment of COVID-19 patients acute respiratory distress for, 209 syndrome (ARDS), 40–41 mild/moderate patients dyspnea, 35–38 hypoxemia, 38–40 Dyspnea, 35, 37 defnition of, 35–36 mechanism causing, 36 pathophysiology of, 36–38 Dyspnea scale, 55–56

Index 343 ECMO, see Extracorporeal membrane ape exercise, 274–275 oxygenation bear exercise, 271 crane exercise, 271–272 Education and cooperation of deer exercise, 272–273 patients, 181 tiger exercise, 273–274 Flexibility, assessment of Emotional problems, 27 back-scratch test, 57 Emotion nursing, 190 improved twist test, 57 sit-and-reach test, 57 calming the mind, therapy of, 191 Flexibility training, 84, 294 doubt analysis, therapy of, 191 Focus solution mode, 227–228 therapy Forced expiration technique (FET), 66 Forced vital capacity (FVC), 53 of emotion being diverted, 191 Frontline workers, nutritional dietary of emotion interresistance, 191 of emotions and depression guidance for, 254–255 Functional forward extension test, 311 relieving, 191 Functional reach test, 57 Emotions and feelings, assessment of, 222 FVC, see Forced vital capacity Emotion therapy of TCM, see Traditional GAD-7, see Generalized Anxiety Scale Gallbladder, 7 Chinese medicine, emotion Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), 320 therapy of GGO, see Ground-glass opacity Energy-saving techniques, 63 GM-CSF, see Granulocyte-macrophage Epidemiology, of COVID-19, 8 mortality rate, 4 colony-stimulating factor route of transmission, 2–3 Goals of rehabilitation, 261 aerosol transmission, 3 Granulocyte-macrophage colony- close contact transmission, 3 fecal–oral transmission, 3 stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 4 mother-to-child transmission, 3 Grief reaction, 47 respiratory droplet transmission, 2 Ground-glass opacity (GGO), 11, 20, 37 source of infection, 2 Group psychotherapy, 231–232 susceptible groups, 3 Half-closed lip respiration training, 179 Etiological and serological examination, HAMA, see Hamilton Anxiety Scale 19–20 HAMD17, see Hamilton Depression Scale Etiology, of COVID-19, 1–2 Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), 318–319 Evaluation, rehabilitation, 262 Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD17), Exclusion criteria, of COVID-19, 21 Exercise ability and tolerance, 42 315–317 fatigue, 43 Head and face, acupuncture points immobilization syndrome, 43–44 Exercise training, 233 in, 329 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Health education, 234 (ECMO), 23–24, 40, 250 Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Face, acupuncture points in, 329 Family psychotherapy, 232 Scale, 59 Fatigue, 43, 85 Heart and blood vessels, 7 Fecal–oral transmission, 3 Heart rate and oxygen uptake, 42 FET, see Forced expiration technique High-frequency chest wall oscillation Fish oil components, 251–252 Five-animal exercise, 133, 271 (HFCWO), 67

344 Index precautions for, 74 IgG antibody, 10, 11 Hilar lymph nodes, 6–7 IgM antibody, 10, 11 Home-based rehabilitation, 264 Immobilization syndrome, 43–44 Immune function indicators, 247 ADL intervention, 296 Immunotherapy, 26 diet adjustment, 296–297 Implementation of rehabilitation oxygen therapy, 294–296 physical function rehabilitation treatment, 262 Improved twist test, 57 exercise Infection, source of, 2 aerobic exercise, 288–289 Infammatory cytokines, 5 balance training, 294 Instrumental activities of daily living fexibility training, 294 strength training, 289–294 (IADL), 89 psychological reconstruction, 296 Interpersonal problems, 27 respiratory function, rehabilitation Interview, 220 Isolation ward, rehabilitation exercise of, 286 airway clearance technology, disinfection and isolation management in the ward, 172 286–287 position management, 286 air disinfection, 172–173 respiratory muscle training, 287–288 chlorine-containing disinfectant, traditional methods, 265 Baduanjin, 265–269 precautions for using, 175 fve-animal exercise (see Five- disinfection of articles and animal exercise) ground, 173 simplifed tai chi chuan, 269–271 disinfection of reusable Yi Jin Jing (see Yi Jin Jing) Hospitalized patients with instruments and articles, 174 medical fabric washing and COVID-19, 203 mild patients, 203–205 disinfection, 174 moderate patients, 205–207 medical waste, treatment of, 174 severe/critically severe patients, ultraviolet air disinfection, 207–209 precautions for, 174–175 HRQL scale, see Health-Related Quality nursing personnel, management of Life Scale of, 172 Hypoventilation, 38–39 nursing staf, establishment of, 172 Hypoxemia, 5–6, 38 protection management of medical dead space, increase of, 39 staf, 175 difusion impairment, 39 hand hygiene, 177 hypoventilation, 38–39 protection classifcation and local ventilation/blood fow requirements, 176–177 disorder, 39 rational and scientifc layout, 171 oxygen-carrying capacity, 39–40 Joint contracture, 167 Hypoxia, 5, 6 Joy therapy, 137 IADL, see Instrumental activities of daily Kidney, 7 Laboratory examination living etiological, 19–20 ICU-related complications, prevention routine examination, 19 of, 29

Index 345 serological examination, 20 Medical test Laboratory examination and imaging brain imaging technology, 222 laboratory investigation, 221 examination, 9 physical examination, 221 chest CT examination physiological and psychological assessment, 222 advantages and characteristics, 11–12 Medical waste, treatment of, 174 Mental and psychological state, stages of chest CT manifestations, 12–13 evaluation of, 58 Mental Health Self-Assessment chest X-ray, 11 routine examination, 9 Questionnaire (SRQ), 324 serological test, 10–11 MERS-CoV, see Middle East respiratory virus nucleic acid testing syndrome coronavirus false negative results and Micronutrients, 252 countermeasures, reasons for, 10 Middle East respiratory syndrome testing methods, 9–10 coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Laboratory investigation, 221 1, 40 Laughter therapy, 136 Mild COVID-19 cases LCU, see Life change unit clinical classifcation, 17 Length-tension inappropriateness, 36 traditional Chinese medicine LES, see Life Event Scale treatment, 29 Life change unit (LCU), 224 Moderate COVID-19 cases Life Event Scale (LES), 224 clinical classifcation, 17 Liu zi jue, 134–135 traditional Chinese medicine Liver and gallbladder, 7 treatment, 29 Lower limb Modifed body rotation test, 307 Modifed medical Research Council acupuncture points in, 334 (mMRC) Scale (mMRC), 302–303 strength training, 81–83, 289 Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Lung auscultation, 8 (MCP-1), 4 Lungs, 6–7 Mortality rate, 4 Lung signs of COVID-19, 8–9 Mother-to-child transmission, 3 Lung volume, 52–53 Moxibustion therapy, 112 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor acupoints, selection of main acupoints, 114 (M-CSF), 4 match acupoints with Malnutrition, 166, 239 symptoms, 114 contraindicated area, 115 nutritional screening and assessment contraindicated demographic, 115 for COVID-19 patients, 166 contraindicated existing condition, 115 nutritional treatment plan, selection mechanism of treatment of, 166 moxibustion materials, 112–113 therapeutic mechanism of Maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), 53 moxibustion, 113–114 McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), 58 operation method, 114 MCP-1, see Monocyte chemoattractant precautions protein 1 M-CSF, see Macrophage colony- stimulating factor Medical fabric washing and disinfection, 174

346 Index applied amount of serum protein level, determination moxibustion, 115 of, 246 moxibustion duration, 115 nutrition history, 244 operation order of Nutritional treatment plan for COVID-19 moxibustion, 115 patients, 248 posture selection, 114 approaches, 249–250 principles of treatment, 112 general principles, 249 MPQ, see McGill Pain Questionnaire nutritional feeding, amount of, Multi-dimensional assessment, 58 Muscle strength, body-weight 250–251 purpose, 248–249 assessment of for severe COVID-19 patients, 251–254 30-second arm curl test, 57 Nutrition risk screening-2002 (NRS- 30-second chair standing test, 56 Muscle strength and endurance, 2002), 241 assessment scale nursing guidance and training techniques for enhancing for reduced nutritional status defnition, 185 score and its defnition, 242 key points of operation, 186 precautions, 186–187 score results and nutrition risk, purpose, 186 242–244 Music therapy, 141, 228 MVV, see Maximum ventilatory volume for the severity of disease and its NRS-2002, see Nutrition risk defnition, 242 screening-2002 Nursing personnel, management of, 172 rating scale, 243 Nursing staf, establishment of, 172 score signifcance for COVID-19 Nutritional dietary guidance for frontline workers, 254–255 patients, 244 for prevention and control among the Observation, 220 general population, 255 Occupational therapy, 90, 233 Nutritional diet for ordinary/ One-leg standing balance test, 57 convalescent patients, 253 OP, see Osteoporosis Nutritional status evaluation Oscillating positive expiratory pressure indicators, 244 anthropometry (OPEP), 67 arm muscle circle (AMC), 245 Osteoporosis (OP), 167 body composition measurement Oxidative stress, 5 method, 245–246 Oxygen-carrying capacity, 39–40 triceps skinfold thickness Oxygen therapy, 294–295 (TSF), 245 Pain, 85 weight and BMI, 244–245 laboratory investigation multi-dimensional assessment, 58 creatinine–height index (CHI), single-dimensional assessment, 57 246–247 Pain therapy, 136–137 immune function indicators, 247 Panting, 85 serum amino acid ratio, 247 Pathogenesis, of COVID-19, 4 hypoxemia, 5–6 infammatory response and cytokine storm, 4–5 oxidative stress, 5 Pathology, of COVID-19, 6 heart and blood vessels, 7

Index 347 kidney, 7 for patients who can’t stand, 84 liver and gallbladder, 7 fexibility training, 84 lungs, 6–7 precautions spleen, hilar lymph nodes and bone difculty in breathing, 85 marrow, 6–7 fatigue, 85 PCR, see Polymerase chain reaction pain, 85 PEEP, see Positive end-expiratory panting, 85 strength training, 77 pressure core strength training, 81 Peroxidation damage, 5 lower limbs strength training, Pharmacotherapy, 234 Physical dysfunction, 41, 260 81–83 upper limbs strength training, decreased exercise ability and tolerance, 42 79–81 Physical function rehabilitation exercise fatigue, 43 immobilization syndrome, 43–44 aerobic exercise, 288–289 tachycardias, 41 balance training, 294 cause of tachycardia, 41–42 fexibility training, 294 heart rate and oxygen uptake, 42 strength training, 289 Physical examination, 221 Physical factor therapy, 233 lower limb, 290 Physical ftness, gradual and steady upper limb, 290 Physiological and psychological improvement of, 196 Physical function, assessment of assessment, 222 PiCCO monitoring, see Pulse index balance, assessment of, 57 functional reach test, 57 continuous cardiac output one-leg standing balance test, 57 monitoring timed up and go test (TUG), 57 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 59, 325–328 fexibility, assessment of Plasma therapy, of recovered patients, 25 back-scratch test, 57 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 6 improved twist test, 57 Position exercise, 181 sit-and-reach test, 57 Position management, 286 Positive end-expiratory pressure muscle strength, body-weight (PEEP), 73 assessment of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 44 clinical symptoms of, 45 30-second arm curl test, 57 prognosis and infuence of, 46 30-second chair stand-test, 56 Postural drainage techniques, 67 pain, assessment of nursing guidance and training multi-dimensional assessment, 58 techniques of single-dimensional assessment, 57 defnition, 184 Physical function, rehabilitation key points of operation, 184 precautions, 184–185 treatment techniques for, 75 purpose, 184 aerobic exercise, 75–77 Posture management, 63 balance training, 83 for patients with ARDS, 64 for patients with sedation/ for patients who can barely get consciousness disorders, 64 up, 84 for patients who can stand on a fat surface for a certain time, 84

348 Index Precautions, 297–298 general state and behavior, 225 breathing, difculty in, 85 psychological test, 220 during respiratory function training, 181–182 personality test, 220–221 fatigue, 85 rating scale, 221 pain, 85 stress, assessment of panting, 85 evaluation of rating scale, 224 interview, 223–224 Pressure ulcers, 164 stress response, 224 stages of, 164 work analysis, 220 treatment of Psychological disorder assessments, 217 analgesics, 165 appropriate population for antibiotics, 165 debridement, 165 assessment, 218–219 external antibacterial agents, 165 prospect, 225 external dressings, 165 purpose of, 218 general treatment, 164–165 role of, 218 growth factors, 165 Psychological dysfunction, 261 surgical treatment, 165 Psychological rehabilitation objectives of, 226 Prevalence, of COVID-19, 1 objects of, 226 Process of rehabilitation, 261 Psychological rehabilitation counseling, Protein-defcient malnutrition, 239 PSQI, see Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index forms of, 237 Psychological and social dysfunction, 44 Psychological rehabilitation activities of daily living (ADL) nursing, 187 dysfunction, 48 common methods, 188 goal, 187–188 adjustment disorder, 46 measures, 188 bereavement and mourning Psychological rehabilitation of reaction, 47 COVID-19 patients post-traumatic stress disorder cognitive therapy, 92 (PTSD), 44 main strategies of, 92–93 clinical symptoms of, 45 methods for, 93–94 prognosis and infuence of, 46 supportive therapy, 90–92 sleep disorder, 47 Psychological rehabilitation treatment social engagement dysfunction, 48–49 behavior modifcation therapy, Psychological assessment method, 219 emotions and feelings, assessment 229–230 biofeedback therapy, 232 of, 222 cognition therapy, 228–229 interview, 220 confrmed COVID-19 patients medical test initial isolation treatment, 234 brain imaging technology, 222 isolation treatment period, 235 laboratory investigation, 221 exercise training, 233 physical examination, 221 family psychotherapy, 232 physiological and psychological focus solution mode, 227–228 group psychotherapy, assessment, 222 observation, 220 231–232 observation and medical testing health education, 234 medical staf and related changes in various systems throughout the body, 225 personnel, 236

Index 349 mild patients for home isolation relaxation response training, 95 and patients with fever for systematic desensitization, 94 treatment, 235 token economy, 95 cognitive therapy, 92–94 music therapy, 228 supportive therapy, 90–92 occupational therapy, 233 therapeutic activities, 89 patients with respiratory distress, occupational therapy, 90 psychological therapy, 89–90 extreme restlessness, and social therapy, 90 difculty in expression, 235 Psychotherapy, 27 people who are in close contact with PTSD, see Post-traumatic stress disorder patients, 236 Pulmonary signs of COVID-19, 17 people who are reluctant to seek Pulmonary ventilation volume medical treatment in public, 236 analysis, 53 pharmacotherapy, 234 Pulse index continuous cardiac output physical factor therapy, 233 principles of, 226 (PiCCO) monitoring, 24 psychological support therapy, Pursed-lip breathing training, 69 226–227 Qi stagnation, 136 relaxation therapy, 231 Rational emotive therapy (RET), 93 susceptible groups and the general Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 5 public, 236 Recovered patients’ plasma therapy, 25 suspected patients, 235 Rehabilitation nursing, objective of, 177 TCM therapy, 233–234 Rehabilitation nursing assessment, 177 traditional exercise therapy, 234 Psychological therapy, 89–90 course of onset and treatment, 178 Psychosocial function, assessment for course of illness, 178 activities of daily living (ADL), current status, 178 assessment of, 59 diagnostic and therapeutic commonly used psychological process, 178 assessment scales, 58–59 relevant medical history, 178 Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) scale, 59 psychosocial data mental and psychological state, knowledge about the disease, 178 evaluation of, 58 psychological status, 178 World Health Organization Quality social support systems, 178 of Life–BREF (WHOQOL- BREF), 60 Rehabilitation nursing measures, 178 Psychosocial functional rehabilitation, efective cough, nursing guidance treatment techniques of, 85 and training techniques activities of daily living (ADL) for, 182 training, 86 defnition, 182 basic activities of daily living key points of operation, 182 (BADL) training, 86–89 precautions, 182–183 instrumental activities of daily purpose, 182 living (IADL), 89 muscle strength and endurance behavior therapy, 94 defnition, 185 aversion therapy, 94–95 key points of operation, 186 behavior-shaping method, 95 precautions, 186–187 purpose, 186

350 Index nursing guidance and training difusion impairment, 39 techniques for respiratory hypoventilation, 38–39 function increase of dead space, 39 local ventilation/blood fow abdominal breath training, 179–180 disorder, 39 Respiratory function, 51 defnition, 179 education and cooperation of common assessment of body-weight assessment of patients, 181 cardiopulmonary function, 56 half-closed lip respiration cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), 56 training, 179 dyspnea scale, 55–56 position exercise, 181 precautions during respiratory objective examination lung volume, 52–53 function training, 181–182 pulmonary ventilation volume purpose, 179 analysis, 53 respiratory muscle training, 180 respiratory gas analysis, 54 postural drainage, nursing guidance rehabilitation exercise of, 286 and training techniques of airway clearance technology, defnition, 184 286–287 key points of operation, 184 position management, 286 precautions, 184–185 purpose, 184 respiratory muscle endurance, psychological rehabilitation measurement of, 55 nursing, 187 respiratory muscle fatigue, common methods of psychological measurement of, 55 rehabilitation therapy, 188 respiratory muscle strength, goal, 187–188 measurement of, 55 measures, 188 Relaxation therapy, 231 small airway function Relaxation training, 71 examination, 55 Renal failure and renal replacement subjective symptoms, 52 therapy, 24 Respiratory muscles, 37 Repetitive transcranial magnetic Respiratory muscle training (RMT), stimulation (rTMS), 233 71–72, 180 Reporting system, of COVID-19, 20–21 anti-breathing training, 287 Respiratory burst, 5 contracted lip breathing, 287 Respiratory droplet transmission, 2 controlled deep breathing, 287 Respiratory dysfunction, 35, 260 respiratory rehabilitation acute respiratory distress syndrome exercise, 288 (ARDS) and respiratory failure, Respiratory patterns, 37–38, 69 40–41 abdominal breathing exercises, 69 dyspnea, 35 breathing rhythm adjusting defnition of dyspnea, 35–36 mechanism that causes training, 70 dyspnea, 36 pursed-lip breathing training, 69 pathophysiology of dyspnea, 36–38 Respiratory rehabilitation exercise, 288 Respiratory rehabilitation therapy hypoxemia, 38 decreased oxygen-carrying techniques, 62 capacity, 39–40 airway clearance technique (ACT), 64

Index 351 active cycle of breathing technique RMT, see Respiratory muscle training (ACBTs), 65–66 ROS, see Reactive oxygen species Routine examination, 9, 19 chest physical therapy techniques, rTMS, see Repetitive transcranial 67–68 magnetic stimulation efective cough, 65 RT-PCR assays, see Reverse transcription high-frequency chest wall polymerase chain reaction oscillation (HFCWO), 67 assays oscillating positive expiratory SARS, see Severe acute respiratory syndrome pressure (OPEP), 67 SARS-CoV, see Severe acute respiratory postural drainage techniques, 67 syndrome coronavirus breathing exercises, 72–73 SAS, see Self-Rating Anxiety Scale breathing training, 68 Science, principle of, 139 local dilation breathing Scraping therapy, 127 contraindications, 129 training, 71 location selection, 128 relaxation training, 71 operation method, 129 respiratory pattern training, 69–70 positioning, 128 intervention activities at early treatment mechanism, 127–128 SDS, see Self-Rating Depression scale stage, 62 Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), 313–315 breathing control techniques, 62 Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), energy-saving techniques, 63 312–313 posture management, 63 Serological antibody test, 16–17 for patients with ARDS, 64 Serological test, 10–11 for patients with sedation/ Serum amino acid ratio, 247 Serum protein level, determination consciousness disorders, 64 of, 246 respiratory intervention Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 61 techniques, 73 Severe acute respiratory syndrome active cycle of breathing coronavirus (SARS-CoV), 1, 40 Severe COVID-19 cases techniques (ACBTs), clinical classifcation, 17–18 precautions for, 74 nutritional treatment, 253–254 high-frequency chest wall special nutrients for, 251–252 oscillation (HFCWO), traditional Chinese medicine precautions for, 74 treatment, 29 mechanical/artifcial dilated Shame therapy, 137–138 ventilation, 73–74 Shock-denial-invasion-constant patients’ position, 73 correction-end, 44 precautions in manual Simplifed tai chi chuan, 269–271 treatment, 74 Sincerity, principle of, 138–139 sputum suction, 73 Single-dimensional assessment, 57 respiratory muscle training (RMT), Single-leg upright balance test, 310 71–72 Sit-and-reach test, 57 techniques implementation, principles of, 74–75 Respiratory support, 23–24 Respiratory system signs, of COVID-19, 8 RET, see Rational emotive therapy Reverse therapy, 137 Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, 38

352 Index 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 56, 302 emotion therapy of, 135 Sleep disorders, 47 anger therapy, 136 in patients with PTSD, 45 joy therapy, 137 laughter therapy, 136 Sleep problems, 27 major emotion therapies, 139 Social engagement dysfunction, 48–49 Social Readjustment Rating Scale emotion interresistance, 139 speech induction therapy, 140 adults, 321–322 therapy to follow one’s emotions juvenile, 322–323 Social therapy, 90 and desires, 140 Spike protein (S protein), 2 transference therapy, 139–140 Spleen, 6–7 pain therapy, 136–137 Step test, 56 precautions Strength training, 77, 289 assessment, 140 core strength training, 81 explanation, 140 lower limb, 81–83, 290–294 understanding, 140 upper limb, 79–81, 289–290 principles of treatment, 138 Stress, assessment of acceptability, principle of, 138 evaluation of rating scale, 224 confdentiality, principle of, 139 interview, 223–224 science, principle of, 139 stress response, 224 sincerity, principle of, 138–139 Stress ulcers, prevention of, 28 supportability, principle of, 138 Supportability, principle of, 138 shame therapy, 137–138 Supportive therapy, 90–92 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Susceptible groups, 3 Symptoms, of COVID-19, 1, 8 external treatment techniques of Tachycardia, 41 acupoint application therapy (see cause of, 41–42 heart rate and oxygen uptake, 42 Acupoint application therapy) Tai chi chuan, 132–133 acupoint (meridian) massage therapy TCM, see Traditional Chinese medicine TEE, see Toracic expansion exercises (see Acupoint (meridian) Terapeutic activities, 89 massage therapy) occupational therapy, 90 acupuncture therapy (see psychological therapy, 89–90 Acupuncture therapy) social therapy, 90 auricular acupoint pressing therapy 30-second arm curl test, 57 (see Auricular acupoint 30-second arm fexion test, 305 pressing therapy) 30-second chair standing bloodletting therapy (see Bloodletting therapy) experiment, 305 cupping therapy (see Cupping therapy) 30-second chair standing test, 56 moxibustion therapy (see Moxibustion Toracic expansion exercises (TEE), 66 therapy) 3-minute step test, 304 scraping therapy (see Scraping Tiger exercise, 273–274 therapy) Timed up and go test (TUG), 57 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing emotion nursing, 190 calming the mind, therapy of, 191

Index 353 doubt analysis, therapy of, 191 Triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), 245 emotion being diverted, therapy TUG, see Timed up and go test 2-minute marking time test, 303 of, 191 2-minute step test, 56 emotion interresistance, 2.4-m standing up and walking test, 310 Type II alveolar epithelial cells, 6 therapy of, 191 Ultraviolet air disinfection, precautions emotions and depression relieving, for, 174–175 therapy of, 191 Upper limb instructions for taking TCM acupuncture points in, 332 decoction, 188 strength training, 79–81, 289 techniques Upper respiratory disease, 20 Urinary tract infection, 165–166 acupoint application, 188–190 VAS, see Visual Analogue Scale auricular plaster therapy, 190 Vein thromboembolism (VTE) precautions, 190 risk assessment, 162 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) risk factors, 161 VTE prevention advice for inpatients treatment, 29, 99, 233–234 clinical treatment stage, 103 in CRU ward, 162–163 Ventilation instruction, 36–37 convalescent period, 29, 106–107 Ventilation resistance, 37 critically severe cases, 29, 106 Ventilator-associated pneumonia, mild cases, 29, 103–104 moderate cases, 29 prevention of, 28 ordinary cases, 104–105 Virus nucleic acid testing severe cases, 29, 105–106 medication observation, 29 reasons for false negative results and principles of treatment, 100 countermeasures, 10 stage of medical observation, 103 traditional methods, 265 testing methods, 9–10 Baduanjin, 132, 265–269 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 57 fve-animal exercise (see Five- VTE, see Vein thromboembolism Warning signals, of COVID-19, 18 animal exercise) liu zi jue, 134–135 adults, 19 tai chi chuan, 132–133, 269–271 children, 19 treatment mechanism, 100–103 Weight and BMI, 244–245 Yi Jin Jing (see Yi Jin Jing) Whole-course psychological Traditional exercise therapy, 234 Transmission, route of, 2–3 intervention, adherence to, 195 aerosol transmission, 3 Work analysis, 220 close contact transmission, 3 World Health Organization Quality of fecal–oral transmission, 3 mother-to-child transmission, 3 Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), 60 respiratory droplet transmission, 2 Yi Jin Jing, 134, 276 Treatment, rehabilitation, 262 auxiliary appliances, confguration backward drag nine oxtail style, 278 bow type, 283–284 and use of, 263–264 cross bear dropping magic pestle, 276 guidance of rehabilitation training, 263 psychological intervention, 263

354 Index reach and change the star, 277–278 fapping claw type, 280 tail of type, 284 green dragon claw, 282 three-plate foor style, 281–282 holding the door in the palm, 277 tiger eating style, 282–283 nine ghosts saber drawing style, Wei Tuo ofers a pestle, 276 280–281